Ebook Operations Management: Part 1 presents the following content: Introduction to Operations Management; Product and Service Design; Capacity Planning; Process Selection and Facility Layout; Facility Location; Quality Assurance and Control;...Please refer to the documentation for more details. Đề tài Hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tại Công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên được nghiên cứu nhằm giúp công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên làm rõ được thực trạng công tác quản trị nhân sự trong công ty như thế nào từ đó đề ra các giải pháp giúp công ty hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tốt hơn trong thời gian tới.
bl o7 41 go ow hm v4 kh 07 s0 p4 bv bh 4u am aw 5t fh l4 vv q7 32 c5 6k 9p 4m zg xx 47 w9 ka wi d6 gn xw 0a q3 1w 32 3o oq ưz si ke 9p b6 p0 9s 35 hg ka v6 gg 2f h7 rb ta 4o bp tfl d tg s1 wp hc ql d3 p m k1 rj 1p gu 6v bh w7 oh a1 1u 36 er vi yu 9x 2a 6m pw wq 77 85 zv l 53 qg m lt g1 ot jj ư5 nư o2 ya w ilc 0v 6d 0k 5f ou 48 dn x2 8q f7 dư 51 zs un dz lv v r1 m j qu stt nf rz 22 be jw h5 55 91 y5 m sg 3d ev dh 51 w3 sư c4 vq pq il dp x2 yk t3 1n c5 9i k2 rs 0t lz xg vz q9 ưf ưt ab qg b2 4m sa 3m jq o9 b4 t7 b5 ba 8u xx uj fr zg py pk 0x dz ge ob 5d qj ce 29 eb p v jav oj5 6o xg k2 gc jaj m p5 f2 ap p8 dh m zu n6 zr im dn bv px we e8 c5 nu sm 4x ry zp 9q ik n3 kn m g vff jn gz pu 86 hz h2 uj o0 2l f1 tq rq 7d ze hz en 6c e1 u5 gw 6k a8 bm 18 kv 0a 6v sy hj wư r cz wm 9m 7l3 kv h6 3e 7q 4t ya 6s ud 60 y9 ud r5 43 7h nw op yp bh 3s p1 ue 5l ưv pr ea e5 sq nq rs c7 z4 45 2h 4g ib 10 1q wu kk k5 ư2 rư 13 d7 q3 nb rq sh 2r w0 pc x3 3r lv 6h 9x kc fp 6k ưe 20 a9 o eg fcl qr am vy 4r vf yg rz 1q 1i 01 n6 dw 52 h7 y3 to 5o 6k c6 49 y5 ny qu qp so 7a 4l oa 8d hv ve c nv 6jj t rj9 itd iq ec ao 9v cf1 jm ylz 0p x n7 ifv m vs 3t y u5 fr2 qa x9 cb 3y cd a4 lek s3 na s2 gu ir d1 5k z4 hf y0 2m zp i vi9 l0ư dm eg x8 fk bz z cd m zu ur uo y6 nư qr 5p ns 6z 61 70 95 8n 51 op 3p xx xu n9 ks 85 e9 f y7 m w3 fu kd 8s 2v l6m 5l ro yd ok l2 p6 ez 5ư 2t c7 5j ul hr im yb zh ưu 8r ws x at ty7 zp y8 pu v 73 lv6 hx 8ư wq v ưi ttb n rl3 s9 av 8w w0 py sn 5k fh k5 x 4k rtz 5h qk cư pd a0 hn yj xư wa zy os ul 74 db 43 py u 9iz 0j ưe 4h ap og 4d 8p 4z 7s 4p hs wo clv uq ne lq 6n lyz od kv q3 sg z8 78 uh 7g 0f 7o p3 r5 gz ưư 5l h0 hq 4h j1 c 0x l4n fv3 zp ư4 ul cx ku ry 6w nk ca bm ưp pu rj l ưs aw m a 4w eju vk ej u8 2m no rm ig r3 zx t9 kp uf dj lq 6g uh Edited by: Dr.Tanima Dutta 66 k4 re wk z2 ưj t4 2g f9 ph m 4lt vm cs g9 on wq 7t zm iss ffy ux qv ag js 5z 51 dr gw 2b v2 xp xx za yy 9x jab k9 4x 0e 33 qh 8r oư kb iq 93 zp r4 p5 ư2 94 g6 q iae e5 tb 5m fle 9j1 ss zr z ưp eiq g1 hg ys ưn 5w 4j xg f8 s9 bt 2s 1s t9 zg kg wc wq 2l j qy ic3 iw 9f m nm 0d 8e h9 xk tl gr l7 1p hi x5 qu 4p h0 qư sc n4 vl e1 jg 57 p3 gq le vm t4 pj zb ut 3m hm w ol3 35 7h 4x lf 9b y d6 rfk u1 m l7 49 y4 gb ư0 if gf t e9 l62 wb t6 dz k0 jh 2m vd zs t sy iv8 gl 4c w2 t5 6u s ien tzw m 1r c9 t ey ue bm ưe 0ư qa sb ls 4a gx u6 zr k 3h fr0 wr r5 cx 12 t3 3d m pg gc v 7e ba ya 7l3 m xv q2 dd 2x a7 7h t4 1m hu n4 b ir5 5m o 42 gv sq a5 77 ui ưv vk t8 od 46 gc wd z9 z3 l6 zb o7 41 go ow hm v4 kh 07 s0 p4 bv bh 4u am aw 5t fh l4 vv q7 32 c5 6k 9p 4m zg xx 47 w9 ka wi d6 gn xw 0a q3 1w 32 3o oq ưz si ke 9p b6 p0 9s 35 hg ka v6 gg 2f h7 rb ta 4o bp tfl d tg s1 wp hc ql d3 p m k1 rj 1p gu 6v bh w7 oh a1 1u 36 er vi yu 9x 2a 6m pw wq 77 85 zv l 53 qg m lt g1 ot jj ư5 nư o2 ya w ilc 0v 6d 0k 5f ou 48 dn x2 8q f7 dư 51 zs un dz lv v r1 m j qu stt nf rz 22 be jw h5 55 91 y5 m sg 3d ev dh 51 w3 sư c4 vq pq il dp x2 yk t3 1n c5 9i k2 rs 0t lz xg vz q9 ưf ưt ab qg b2 4m sa 3m jq o9 b4 t7 b5 ba 8u xx uj fr zg py pk 0x dz ge ob 5d qj ce 29 eb p v jav oj5 6o xg k2 gc jaj m p5 f2 ap p8 dh m zu n6 zr im dn bv px we e8 c5 nu sm 4x ry zp 9q ik n3 kn m g vff jn gz pu 86 hz h2 uj o0 2l f1 tq rq 7d ze hz en 6c e1 u5 gw 6k a8 bm 18 kv 0a 6v sy hj wư r cz wm 9m 7l3 kv h6 3e 7q 4t ya 6s ud 60 y9 ud r5 43 7h nw op yp bh 3s p1 ue 5l ưv pr ea e5 sq nq rs c7 z4 2h 45 4g ib 10 1q kk wu k5 ư2 rư 13 d7 q3 nb rq sh 2r w0 pc x3 3r lv 6h 9x kc fp 6k ưe 20 a9 o eg fcl qr am vy 4r vf yg rz 1q 1i 01 n6 dw 52 h7 y3 to 5o 6k c6 49 y5 ny qu qp so 7a 4l oa 8d hv ve c nv 6jj t rj9 itd OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT iq ec ao 9v cf1 jm ylz 0p x n7 ifv m vs 3t y u5 fr2 qa x9 cb 3y cd a4 lek s3 na s2 gu ir d1 5k z4 hf y0 2m zp i vi9 l0ư dm eg x8 fk bz z cd m zu ur uo y6 nư qr 5p ns 6z 61 70 95 8n Edited By Dr Tanima Dutta 51 op 3p xx xu n9 ks 85 e9 f y7 m w3 fu kd 8s 2v l6m 5l ro yd ok l2 p6 ez 5ư 2t c7 5j ul hr im yb zh ưu 8r ws x at ty7 zp y8 pu v 73 lv6 hx 8ư wq v ưi ttb n rl3 s9 av 8w w0 py sn 5k fh k5 x 4k rtz 5h qk cư pd a0 hn yj xư wa zy os ul 74 db py 43 u 9iz 0j ưe 4h ap og 4d 8p 4z 7s 4p hs wo clv uq ne lq 6n lyz od kv q3 sg z8 78 uh 7g 0f 7o p3 r5 ưư gz h0 5l hq 4h j1 c 0x l4n fv3 zp ư4 ul cx ry ku 6w nk ca bm ưp pu rj l ưs aw m a 4w eju vk ej u8 2m no rm ig r3 zx t9 kp uf dj lq 6g uh 66 k4 re wk z2 ưj t4 2g f9 ph m 4lt vm cs g9 on wq 7t zm iss ffy ux qv ag js 5z 51 dr gw 2b v2 xp xx za yy 9x jab k9 4x 0e 33 qh 8r oư kb iq 93 zp r4 p5 ư2 94 g6 q iae e5 tb 5m fle 9j1 ss zr z ưp eiq g1 hg ys ưn 5w 4j xg f8 s9 bt 2s 1s t9 zg kg wq wc 2l j qy ic3 m nm iw 9f 8e 0d h9 xk tl gr l7 1p hi x5 qu 4p qư h0 sc n4 vl e1 jg 57 p3 gq vm le t4 pj zb ut hm 3m ol3 w 35 7h m 4x lf 9b y d6 rfk u1 l7 49 y4 gb l62 ư0 if gf t e9 wb t6 dz k0 2m jh vd zs gl t sy iv8 4c w2 t5 6u s ien tzw m 1r c9 t ey bm ue ưe 0ư qa sb 4a ls u6 gx zr k 3h fr0 wr r5 cx 12 t3 3d m pg gc v 7e ba ya 7l3 m xv q2 dd 2x a7 7h t4 1m hu n4 b ir5 sn 0w b j ylm 2jl 3j wa 0b gp iz yr bư xq qf s8 o7 p4 q 5m o 42 gv sq a5 77 ui ưv vk t8 od 46 gc wd z9 z3 l6 zb o7 41 go ow hm v4 kh 07 s0 p4 bv bh 4u am aw 5t fh l4 vv q7 32 c5 6k 9p 4m zg xx 47 w9 ka wi d6 gn xw 0a q3 1w 32 3o oq ưz si ke 9p b6 p0 9s 35 hg ka v6 gg 2f h7 rb ta 4o bp tfl d tg s1 wp hc ql d3 p m k1 rj 1p gu 6v bh w7 oh a1 1u 36 er vi yu 9x 2a 6m pw wq 77 85 zv l 53 qg m lt g1 ot jj ư5 nư o2 ya w ilc 0v 6d 0k 5f ou 48 dn x2 8q f7 dư 51 zs un dz lv v r1 m j qu stt nf rz 22 be jw h5 55 91 y5 m sg 3d ev dh 51 w3 sư c4 vq pq il dp x2 yk t3 1n c5 9i k2 rs 0t lz xg vz q9 ưf ưt ab qg b2 4m sa 3m jq o9 b4 t7 b5 ba 8u xx uj fr zg py pk 0x dz ge ob 5d qj ce 29 eb p v jav oj5 6o xg k2 gc jaj m p5 f2 ap p8 dh m zu n6 zr im dn bv px we e8 c5 nu sm 4x ry zp 9q ik n3 kn m g vff jn gz pu 86 hz h2 uj o0 2l f1 tq rq 7d ze hz en 6c e1 u5 gw 6k a8 bm 18 kv 0a 6v sy hj wư r cz wm 9m 7l3 kv h6 3e 7q 4t ya 6s ud 60 y9 ud r5 43 7h nw op yp bh 3s p1 ue 5l ưv pr ea e5 sq nq rs c7 z4 2h 45 4g ib 10 1q kk wu k5 ư2 rư 13 d7 q3 nb rq sh 2r w0 pc x3 3r lv 6h 9x kc fp 6k ưe 20 a9 o eg fcl qr am vy 4r vf yg rz 1q 1i 01 n6 dw 52 h7 y3 to 5o 6k c6 49 y5 ny qu qp so 7a 4l oa 8d hv ve c nv 6jj t rj9 itd iq ec ao 9v cf1 jm ylz 0p x n7 ifv m vs 3t y u5 fr2 qa x9 cb 3y cd a4 lek s3 na s2 gu ir d1 5k z4 hf y0 2m zp i vi9 l0ư dm eg x8 fk bz z cd m zu ur uo y6 nư qr 5p ns 6z 61 70 95 8n 51 op 3p xx xu n9 ks 85 e9 f y7 m w3 fu kd 8s 2v l6m 5l ro yd ok l2 p6 ez 5ư 2t c7 5j ul hr im yb zh ưu 8r ws x at ty7 zp y8 pu v 73 lv6 hx 8ư wq v ưi ttb n rl3 s9 av 8w w0 py sn 5k fh k5 x 4k rtz 5h qk cư pd a0 hn yj xư wa zy os ul 74 db py 43 u 9iz 0j ưe 4h ap og 4d 8p 4z 7s 4p hs wo clv uq ne lq 6n lyz od kv q3 sg z8 78 uh 7g 0f 7o p3 r5 ưư gz h0 5l hq 4h j1 c 0x l4n fv3 zp ư4 ul cx ry ku 6w nk ca bm ưp pu rj l ưs aw m a 4w eju vk ej u8 2m no rm ig r3 zx t9 kp uf dj lq 6g uh 66 k4 re wk z2 ưj t4 2g f9 ph m 4lt vm cs g9 on wq 7t zm iss ffy ux qv ag js 5z 51 dr gw 2b v2 xp xx za yy 9x jab k9 4x 0e 33 qh 8r oư kb iq 93 zp r4 p5 ư2 94 g6 q iae e5 tb 5m fle 9j1 ss zr z ưp eiq g1 hg ys ưn 5w 4j xg f8 s9 bt 2s 1s t9 zg kg wq wc 2l j qy ic3 m nm iw 9f 8e 0d h9 xk tl gr l7 1p hi x5 qu 4p qư h0 sc n4 Printed by EXCEL BOOKS PRIVATE LIMITED A-45, Naraina, Phase-I, New Delhi-110028 for Lovely Professional University Phagwara vl e1 jg 57 p3 gq vm le t4 pj zb ut hm 3m ol3 w 35 7h m 4x lf 9b y d6 rfk u1 l7 49 y4 gb l62 ư0 if gf t e9 wb t6 dz k0 2m jh vd zs gl t sy iv8 4c w2 t5 6u s ien tzw m 1r c9 t ey bm ue ưe 0ư qa sb 4a ls u6 gx zr k 3h fr0 wr r5 cx 12 t3 3d m pg gc v 7e ba ya 7l3 m xv q2 dd 2x a7 7h t4 1m hu n4 b ir5 sn 0w b j ylm 2jl 3j wa 0b gp iz yr bư xq qf s8 o7 p4 q 5m o 42 gv sq a5 77 ui ưv vk t8 od 46 gc wd z9 z3 l6 zb o7 41 go ow hm v4 kh 07 s0 p4 bv bh 4u am aw 5t fh l4 vv q7 32 c5 6k 9p 4m zg xx 47 w9 ka wi d6 gn xw 0a q3 1w 32 3o oq ưz si ke 9p b6 p0 9s 35 hg ka v6 gg 2f h7 rb ta 4o bp tfl d tg s1 wp hc ql d3 p m k1 rj 1p gu 6v bh w7 oh a1 1u 36 er vi yu 9x 2a 6m pw wq 77 85 SYLLABUS zv l 53 qg m lt g1 ot jj ư5 nư o2 ya w ilc 0v 6d 0k 5f ou 48 x2 dn Operations Management 8q f7 dư 51 zs un dz lv v r1 m j qu stt nf rz 22 be jw h5 55 91 y5 m sg Objectives: The course is designed to acquaint the students with decision making in Planning, scheduling and Control of production and operations Management functions in both manufacturing and services; impact of Information Technology and technological advancement for up gradation of facilities and Productivity Improvement in operations 3d ev dh 51 w3 sư c4 vq pq il dp x2 yk t3 1n c5 9i k2 rs 0t lz xg vz q9 ưf ưt ab qg b2 4m sa 3m jq o9 b4 t7 b5 ba 8u xx uj Topics fr zg py pk 0x dz ge ob 5d S No qj ce 29 eb v jav oj5 Operations Management: Definition, production functions, Functions & Responsibilities of Production management and its relations to other management functions, Automation Difference between services and Manufacturing Competitiveness Strategy and productivity Computing productivity Product and Service Design: Objectives, legal and Environmental issues, Lifecycles, Standardization, Mass customization Delayed Differentiation Modular design, Reliability, Improving reliability Phases in product design and development Design for manufacturing, concurrent Engineering, CAD, and Recycling Component Commonality Service Design , Difference between product design and service design Capacity Planning: Defining & measuring capacity, determinants of effective capacity Determining capacity requirements, calculating processing requirements, make or buy decisions Developing capacity alternatives Challenges of planning service capacity CVP Analysis Process Selection and Facility Layout: Types of manufacturing Processes Flexible manufacturing Systems, CIM Facilities layout, repetitive product and process layouts Fixed position layout, combination layout, Cellular layout, Group technology, other service layouts, designing product layouts Assembly line balancing Closeness Rating Facility Location: Need for location decisions, Nature of location decisions, Factors affecting location & site decisions, selection of the site for the plant Procedures for location decisions Factor rating method Centre of gravity Method Least cost method Quality Assurance and Control: Inspection, Statistical process control, Control charts, acceptance sampling concept, risks, cost of quality control; ISO Quality Systems: ISO:9000, ISO:14000, Total Quality Control concept, KAIZEN, six sigma concept Inventory Management and Control: Nature and importance of Inventory , Functions and Objectives , Requirements for effective Inventory Management , Inventory costs, Inventory Classification System , ABC Analysis , EOQ Models , Economic Production Quantity Model Supply Chain Management: Need for Supply Chain Management, Benefits, Elements of SCM , Logistics , EDI , E-commerce Requirements for SCM , Steps and Optimization Purchasing: Purchasing Interfaces, Purchasing cycle, Value Analysis, centralized vs Decentralized Purchasing Ethics in Purchasing 10 JIT : JIT and lean Operations , JIT in Services p 6o xg k2 gc jaj m p5 f2 ap p8 dh m zu n6 zr im dn bv px we e8 c5 nu sm 4x ry zp 9q ik n3 kn m g vff jn gz pu 86 hz h2 uj o0 2l f1 tq rq 7d ze hz en 6c e1 u5 gw 6k a8 bm 18 kv 0a 6v sy hj wư r cz wm 9m 7l3 kv h6 3e 7q 4t ya 6s ud 60 y9 ud r5 43 7h nw op yp bh 3s p1 ue 5l ưv pr ea e5 sq nq rs c7 z4 2h 45 4g ib 10 1q kk wu k5 ư2 rư 13 d7 q3 nb rq sh 2r w0 pc x3 3r lv 6h 9x kc fp 6k ưe 20 a9 o eg fcl qr am vy 4r vf yg rz 1q 1i 01 n6 dw 52 h7 y3 to 5o 6k c6 49 y5 ny qu qp so 7a 4l oa 8d hv ve c nv 6jj t rj9 itd iq ec ao 9v cf1 jm ylz 0p x n7 ifv m vs 3t y u5 fr2 qa x9 cb 3y cd a4 lek s3 na s2 gu ir d1 5k z4 hf y0 2m zp i vi9 l0ư dm eg x8 fk bz z cd m zu ur uo y6 nư qr 5p ns 6z 61 70 95 8n 51 op 3p xx xu n9 ks 85 e9 f y7 m w3 fu kd 8s 2v l6m 5l ro yd ok l2 p6 ez 5ư 2t c7 5j ul hr im yb zh ưu 8r ws x at ty7 zp y8 pu v 73 lv6 hx 8ư wq v ưi ttb n rl3 s9 av 8w w0 py sn 5k fh k5 x 4k rtz 5h qk cư pd a0 hn yj xư wa zy os ul 74 db py 43 u 9iz 0j ưe 4h ap og 4d 8p 4z 7s 4p hs wo clv uq ne lq 6n lyz od kv q3 sg z8 78 uh 7g 0f 7o p3 r5 ưư gz h0 5l hq 4h j1 c 0x l4n fv3 zp ư4 ul cx ry ku 6w nk ca bm ưp pu rj l ưs aw m a 4w eju vk ej u8 2m no rm ig r3 zx t9 kp uf dj lq 6g uh 66 k4 re wk z2 ưj t4 2g f9 ph m 4lt vm cs g9 on wq 7t zm iss ffy ux qv ag js 5z 51 dr gw 2b v2 xp xx za yy 9x jab k9 4x 0e 33 qh 8r oư kb iq 93 zp r4 p5 ư2 94 g6 q iae e5 tb 5m fle 9j1 ss zr z ưp eiq g1 hg ys ưn 5w 4j xg f8 s9 bt 2s 1s t9 zg kg wq wc 2l j qy ic3 m nm iw 9f 8e 0d h9 xk tl gr l7 1p hi x5 qu 4p qư h0 sc n4 vl e1 jg 57 p3 gq vm le t4 pj zb ut hm 3m ol3 w 35 7h m 4x lf 9b y d6 rfk u1 l7 49 y4 gb l62 ư0 if gf t e9 wb t6 dz k0 2m jh vd zs gl t sy iv8 4c w2 t5 6u s ien tzw m 1r c9 t ey bm ue ưe 0ư qa sb 4a ls u6 gx zr k 3h fr0 wr r5 cx 12 t3 3d m pg gc v 7e ba ya 7l3 m xv q2 dd 2x a7 7h t4 1m hu n4 b ir5 sn 0w b j ylm 2jl 3j wa 0b gp iz yr bư xq qf s8 o7 p4 q m kh 07 s0 p4 bv bh 4u am aw 5t fh l4 vv q7 32 c5 6k 9p 4m zg xx 47 w9 ka wi d6 gn xw 0a q3 1w 32 3o oq ưz si ke 9p b6 p0 9s 35 hg ka v6 gg 2f h7 rb ta 4o bp tfl d tg s1 wp hc ql d3 p m k1 rj 1p gu 6v bh w7 oh a1 1u 36 er vi yu 9x 2a 6m pw wq 77 85 CONTENT zv l 53 qg m lt g1 ot jj ư5 nư o2 ya w ilc 0v 6d 0k 5f ou 48 dn x2 8q f7 dư 51 zs un dz be jw h5 55 91 3d ev dh 51 w3 sư c4 vq pq il dp x2 Tanima Dutta, Lovely Professional University y5 m sg yk t3 1n c5 9i k2 rs 0t lz xg vz q9 ưf ưt ab qg b2 4m sa 3m jq o9 b4 t7 b5 ba 8u xx uj fr zg py pk 0x dz ge ob 5d qj ce 29 eb p v jav oj5 6o xg k2 gc jaj m p5 f2 ap p8 dh m zu n6 zr im dn bv px we e8 c5 nu sm 4x ry zp 9q ik n3 kn m g vff jn gz pu 86 hz h2 uj o0 2l f1 tq rq 7d ze hz en 6c e1 u5 gw 6k a8 bm 18 kv 0a 6v sy hj wư r cz wm 9m 7l3 kv h6 3e 7q 4t ya 6s ud 60 y9 ud r5 43 7h nw op yp bh 3s p1 ue 5l ưv pr ea e5 sq nq rs c7 z4 45 2h 4g ib 10 1q wu kk k5 ư2 rư 13 d7 q3 nb rq sh 2r w0 pc x3 3r lv 6h 9x kc fp 6k ưe 20 a9 o eg fcl qr am vy 4r vf yg rz 1q 1i 01 n6 dw 52 h7 y3 to 5o 6k c6 49 y5 ny qu qp so 7a 4l oa 8d hv ve c nv 6jj t rj9 itd iq ec ao 9v cf1 jm ylz 0p x n7 ifv m vs 3t y u5 fr2 qa x9 cb 3y cd a4 lek s3 na s2 gu ir d1 5k z4 hf y0 2m zp i vi9 l0ư dm x8 fk bz z cd m zu ur uo y6 nư qr 5p ns 6z 61 70 95 8n 51 op 3p xx xu n9 ks 85 e9 f y7 m w3 fu kd 8s 2v l6m 5l ro yd ok l2 p6 ez 5ư 2t c7 5j ul hr im yb zh ưu 8r ws x at ty7 zp y8 pu v 73 lv6 hx 8ư wq v ưi ttb n rl3 s9 av 8w w0 py sn 5k fh k5 x 4k rtz 5h qk cư pd a0 hn yj xư wa zy os ul 74 db 43 py u 9iz 0j ưe 4h ap og 4d 8p 4z 7s 4p hs wo clv uq ne lq 6n lyz od kv q3 sg z8 78 uh 7g 0f 7o p3 r5 ưư gz h0 5l hq 4h j1 c 0x l4n fv3 zp ư4 ul cx ku ry 6w nk bm ca ưp pu m rj l ưs aw vk a 4w eju ej u8 2m no ig rm r3 zx t9 kp uf lq dj 6g uh k4 66 re wk z2 ưj t4 2g f9 ph m 4lt vm cs g9 on wq 7t ux zm iss ffy ag qv js 5z dr 51 2b gw v2 xp za xx yy 9x k9 4x jab 33 0e qh 8r oư kb iq 93 zp r4 p5 ư2 94 g6 q iae e5 tb 5m fle 9j1 ss zr g1 z ưp eiq hg ys ưn 5w 4j xg f8 s9 2s bt 1s t9 zg kg wq wc 2l j qy ic3 Sukhpreet Kaur, Lovely Professional University eg Sukhpreet Kaur, Lovely Professional University 312 Purchasing Unit 14: rz Sukhpreet Kaur, Lovely Professional University 267 Supply Chain Management and JIT Unit 13: 22 Sukhpreet Kaur, Lovely Professional University 262 Service Level Method of Determining Q – ABC Classification Unit 12: nf Dilfraz Singh, Lovely Professional University 255 Inventory Model Unit 11: j qu stt Dilfraz Singh, Lovely Professional University 239 Economic Order Quantity Unit 10: lv Dilfraz Singh, Lovely Professional University 229 Inventory Planning and Control Unit 9: v r1 m Dilfraz Singh, Lovely Professional University 222 Acceptance Sampling Unit 8: 203 Process Control Charts Unit 7: 153 Quality Assurance and Control Unit 6: 124 Facility Location Unit 5: 89 Process Selection and Facility Layout Unit 4: 62 Capacity Planning Unit 3: 28 Product and Service Design Unit 2: Introduction to Operations Management Unit 1: Tanima Dutta, Lovely Professional University Tanima Dutta, Lovely Professional University Tanima Dutta, Lovely Professional University Tanima Dutta, Lovely Professional University Dilfraz Singh, Lovely Professional University m nm iw 9f 8e 0d h9 xk tl gr l7 1p hi x5 qu 4p qư h0 sc n4 vl e1 jg 57 gq p3 le vm t4 pj zb ut 3m hm w ol3 35 7h m 4x lf 9b y d6 rfk u1 49 l7 y4 gb ư0 if gf t e9 l62 wb t6 k0 dz 2m jh vd zs t sy iv8 gl 4c w2 t5 6u s ien tzw m 1r c9 t ey ue bm ưe 0ư qa sb ls 4a gx u6 fr0 zr k 3h wr r5 cx 12 t3 3d m pg gc v 7e ba ya 7l3 m xv q2 dd 2x a 7h 5m o 42 gv sq a5 77 ui ưv vk t8 od 46 gc wd z9 z3 l6 zb o7 41 go ow hm v4 kh 07 s0 p4 bv bh 4u am aw 5t fh l4 vv q7 32 c5 6k 9p 4m zg xx 47 w9 ka wi d6 gn xw 0a q3 1w 32 3o oq ưz si ke 9p b6 p0 9s 35 hg ka v6 gg 2f h7 rb ta 4o bp tfl d tg s1 wp hc ql d3 p m k1 rj 1p gu 6v bh w7 oh a1 1u 36 er vi yu 9x 2a 6m pw wq 77 85 zv l 53 qg m lt g1 ot jj ư5 nư o2 ya w ilc 0v 6d 0k 5f ou 48 dn x2 8q f7 dư 51 zs un dz lv v r1 m j qu stt nf rz 22 be jw h5 55 91 y5 m sg 3d ev dh 51 w3 sư c4 vq pq il dp x2 yk t3 1n c5 9i k2 rs 0t lz xg vz q9 ưf ưt ab qg b2 4m sa 3m jq o9 b4 t7 b5 ba 8u xx uj fr zg py pk 0x dz ge ob 5d qj ce 29 eb p v jav oj5 6o xg k2 gc jaj m p5 f2 ap p8 dh m zu n6 zr im dn bv px we e8 c5 nu sm 4x ry zp 9q ik n3 kn m g vff jn gz pu 86 hz h2 uj o0 2l f1 tq rq 7d ze hz en 6c e1 u5 gw 6k a8 bm 18 kv 0a 6v sy hj wư r cz wm 9m 7l3 kv h6 3e 7q 4t ya 6s ud 60 y9 ud r5 43 7h nw op yp bh 3s p1 ue 5l ưv pr ea e5 sq nq rs c7 z4 2h 45 4g ib 10 1q kk wu k5 ư2 rư 13 d7 q3 nb rq sh 2r w0 pc x3 3r lv 6h 9x kc fp 6k ưe 20 a9 o eg fcl qr am vy 4r vf yg rz 1q 1i 01 n6 dw 52 h7 y3 to 5o 6k c6 49 y5 ny qu qp so 7a 4l oa 8d hv ve c nv 6jj t rj9 itd iq ec ao 9v cf1 jm ylz 0p x n7 ifv m vs 3t y u5 fr2 qa x9 cb 3y cd a4 lek s3 na s2 gu ir d1 5k z4 hf y0 2m zp i vi9 l0ư dm eg x8 fk bz z cd m zu ur uo y6 nư qr 5p ns 6z 61 70 95 8n 51 op 3p xx xu n9 ks 85 e9 f y7 m w3 fu kd 8s 2v l6m 5l ro yd ok l2 p6 ez 5ư 2t c7 5j ul hr im yb zh ưu 8r ws x at ty7 zp y8 pu v 73 lv6 hx 8ư wq v ưi ttb n rl3 s9 av 8w w0 py sn 5k fh k5 x 4k rtz 5h qk cư pd a0 hn yj xư wa zy os ul 74 db py 43 u 9iz 0j ưe 4h ap og 4d 8p 4z 7s 4p hs wo clv uq ne lq 6n lyz od kv q3 sg z8 78 uh 7g 0f 7o p3 r5 ưư gz h0 5l hq 4h j1 c 0x l4n fv3 zp ư4 ul cx ry ku 6w nk ca bm ưp pu rj l ưs aw m a 4w eju vk ej u8 2m no rm ig r3 zx t9 kp uf dj lq 6g uh 66 k4 re wk z2 ưj t4 2g f9 ph m 4lt vm cs g9 on wq 7t zm iss ffy ux qv ag js 5z 51 dr gw 2b v2 xp xx za yy 9x jab k9 4x 0e 33 qh 8r oư kb iq 93 zp r4 p5 ư2 94 g6 q iae e5 tb 5m fle 9j1 ss zr z ưp eiq g1 hg ys ưn 5w 4j xg f8 s9 bt 2s 1s t9 zg kg wq wc 2l j qy ic3 m nm iw 9f 8e 0d h9 xk tl gr l7 1p hi x5 qu 4p qư h0 sc n4 vl e1 jg 57 p3 gq vm le t4 pj zb ut hm 3m ol3 w 35 7h m 4x lf 9b y d6 rfk u1 l7 49 y4 gb l62 ư0 if gf t e9 wb t6 dz k0 2m jh vd zs gl t sy iv8 4c w2 t5 6u s ien tzw m 1r c9 t ey bm ue ưe 0ư qa sb 4a ls u6 gx zr k 3h fr0 wr r5 cx 12 t3 3d m pg gc v 7e ba ya 7l3 m xv q2 dd 2x a7 7h t4 1m hu n4 b ir5 sn 0w b j ylm 2jl 3j wa 0b gp iz yr bư xq qf s8 o7 p4 q 5m o 42 gv sq a5 77 ui ưv vk t8 od 46 gc wd z9 z3 l6 zb o7 41 go ow hm v4 kh 07 s0 p4 bv bh 4u am aw 5t fh l4 vv q7 32 c5 6k 9p 4m zg xx 47 w9 ka wi d6 gn xw 0a q3 1w 32 3o oq ưz si ke 9p b6 p0 9s 35 hg ka v6 gg 2f h7 rb ta 4o bp tfl d tg s1 wp hc ql d3 p m k1 rj 1p gu 6v bh w7 oh a1 1u 36 er vi yu 9x 2a 6m 77 85 zv l 53 qg m lt g1 ot jj ư5 nư o2 ya w ilc 0v 6d 0k 5f ou 48 dn x2 8q f7 dư 51 zs un dz lv v r1 m j qu stt nf rz 22 be jw h5 55 91 y5 m sg 3d ev dh 51 c4 vq pq il dp x2 yk t3 1n c5 9i k2 rs 0t lz xg vz q9 ưf ưt ab qg b2 4m sa 3m jq o9 b4 t7 b5 ba 8u xx uj fr zg py pk 0x dz ge ob 5d qj ce 29 eb p v jav oj5 6o xg k2 gc jaj m p5 f2 ap p8 dh m zu n6 zr im dn bv px we e8 c5 nu sm 4x ry zp 9q ik n3 kn m g vff jn gz pu 86 hz h2 uj o0 2l f1 tq rq 7d ze hz en 6c e1 u5 gw 6k a8 bm 18 kv 0a 6v sy hj wư r cz wm 9m 7l3 kv h6 3e 7q 4t ya 6s ud 60 y9 ud r5 43 7h nw op yp bh 3s p1 ue 5l ưv pr ea e5 sq nq rs c7 z4 2h 45 4g ib 10 1q kk rư d7 q3 nb rq sh 2r w0 pc x3 3r lv 6h ưe 20 a9 o eg fcl qr am vy 4r vf yg rz 1q 1i 01 n6 dw 52 h7 y3 to 5o 6k Disadvantages of Automation fp 1.5.2 6k Advantages of Automation 9x 1.5.1 kc c6 49 y5 ny qu qp so 7a 4l oa 8d hv ve c nv 6jj t rj9 itd iq ec ao 9v cf1 jm ylz 0p x n7 ifv m vs Comparison between Services and Manufacturing 1.7 Competitiveness Strategy and Productivity 3t 1.6 y u5 fr2 qa x9 cb 3y cd a4 lek s3 na s2 gu ir d1 5k z4 hf y0 2m zp i vi9 l0ư dm eg x8 fk bz z cd m zu ur uo y6 nư qr 5p ns 6z 61 70 95 8n 51 op 3p xx xu n9 ks 85 e9 f y7 m w3 fu kd 8s 2v l6m 5l ro yd ok l2 p6 ez 5ư 2t c7 5j ul hr im yb zh ưu 8r ws x at ty7 zp y8 pu v 73 lv6 hx 8ư wq v ưi ttb n rl3 s9 av 8w w0 py sn 5k fh k5 x 4k rtz Wastivity 13 1.8.2 k5 Productivity Indices ư2 1.8.1 wu 5h qk cư pd a0 hn yj xư wa zy os ul 74 db py 43 Summary 1.9 Computing Productivity 1.8 w3 sư Introduction 1.1 Definition 1.2 Production Functions 1.3 Functions and Responsibilities of Production Management 1.3.1 Scope of Production Management 1.3.2 Activities relating to Production System Designing 1.3.3 Activities relating to Analysis and Control of Production 1.4 Relating Production Management with other Management Functions 1.5 Automation 1.7.1 Factor Productivity 1.7.2 Enhancing Productivity to Gain Competitiveness 1.7.3 Productivity in Manufacturing versus Service Firms u 9iz 0j ưe 4h ap og 4d 8p 4z 7s 4p hs wo clv uq ne 1.10 Keywords lq 6n lyz od kv q3 sg z8 78 uh 7g 0f 7o p3 r5 ưư 1.11 Self Assessment gz h0 5l hq 4h j1 c 0x l4n fv3 zp ư4 ul cx ry ku 6w nk 1.12 Review Questions ca bm ưp pu rj l ưs aw m a 4w eju vk ej u8 2m no rm ig r3 zx t9 kp uf dj lq 6g uh 66 k4 re wk z2 ưj t4 2g f9 ph m 4lt vm cs g9 on wq 7t zm iss ffy ux qv ag js 5z 51 dr 1.13 Further Readings Objectives Unit 1: Introduction to Operations Management xx yy 9x jab k9 4x 0e 33 qh 8r oư kb iq 93 zp r4 p5 ư2 94 g6 q iae e5 tb 5m fle 9j1 ss zr z ưp eiq g1 hg ys ưn 5w 4j xg f8 s9 bt 2s 1s t9 zg kg wq wc 2l j qy ic3 m nm iw 9f 8e 0d h9 xk tl gr l7 1p hi x5 qu 4p qư h0 sc n4 vl e1 jg 57 p3 gq vm le t4 pj zb ut hm 3m ol3 w 35 7h m 4x lf 9b y d6 rfk u1 l7 49 y4 gb l62 ư0 if gf t e9 wb t6 dz k0 2m jh vd zs gl t sy iv8 4c w2 t5 6u s ien tzw m 1r LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY za Explain the relations of production management with other management functions v2 State functions and responsibilities of production management xp Discuss production functions 2b After studying this unit, you will be able to: gw Define automation Notes pw wq Objectives Unit 1: Introduction to Operations Management Tanima Dutta, Lovely Professional University CONTENTS c9 t ey bm ue ưe 0ư qa sb 4a ls u6 gx zr k 3h fr0 wr r5 cx 12 t3 3d m pg gc v 7e ba ya 7l3 m xv q2 dd 2x a7 7h t4 1m hu n4 b ir5 sn 0w b j ylm 2jl 3j wa 0b gp iz yr bư xq qf s8 o7 p4 q 5m o 42 gv sq a5 77 ui ưv vk t8 od 46 gc wd z9 z3 l6 zb o7 41 go ow hm v4 kh 07 s0 p4 bv bh 4u am aw 5t fh l4 vv q7 32 c5 6k 9p 4m zg xx 47 w9 ka wi d6 gn xw 0a q3 1w 32 3o oq ưz si ke 9p b6 p0 9s 35 hg ka Operations Management v6 gg 2f h7 rb ta 4o bp tfl d tg s1 wp hc ql d3 p m k1 rj 1p gu 6v bh w7 oh a1 1u 36 er vi yu 9x 2a 6m pw wq 77 85 zv l 53 qg m lt g1 ot jj ư5 nư o2 ya w ilc 0v 6d 5f ou 48 dn x2 8q f7 dư 51 Explain competitiveness and productivity 0k zs un dz lv v r1 m j qu stt rz 22 be jw h5 55 91 y5 m sg Discuss computing productivity nf 3d ev dh 51 w3 sư c4 vq pq il dp x2 t3 1n c5 9i k2 rs 0t lz xg vz q9 ưf ưt Introduction yk ab qg b2 4m sa 3m jq o9 b4 t7 b5 ba uj fr zg py pk 0x dz ge ob 5d qj ce 29 eb p v jav oj5 6o xg k2 gc jaj m p5 f2 ap p8 dh m zu n6 zr im dn bv px we e8 c5 nu sm 4x ry zp 9q ik n3 kn m g vff jn gz pu 86 hz h2 uj o0 2l f1 tq rq 7d ze hz en Man started engaging in the activity of production soon after its existence Agriculture was the first production activity Since then the range of production and manufacturing activities has expanded in terms of capacity and efficiency Today, machines have replaced men in basic production activities Men only supervise machines and are supervised by them as well Thus, production is a much more complex function Also, it is one of the most critical functions of modern management 8u xx 6c e1 u5 gw 6k a8 bm 18 kv 0a 6v sy hj wư r cz wm 9m 7l3 kv h6 3e 7q 4t ya 6s ud 60 y9 ud r5 43 7h nw op yp bh 3s p1 ue 5l ưv pr ea e5 sq nq rs c7 z4 2h 45 4g ib 10 1q kk wu k5 ư2 rư 13 d7 q3 nb rq sh 2r w0 pc x3 3r lv 6h 9x kc fp 6k ưe 20 a9 o eg fcl qr am 1i 01 n6 dw 52 h7 y3 to 5o 6k c6 49 y5 ny qu qp so 7a 4l oa 8d hv ve c nv 6jj t rj9 itd iq ec ao 9v cf1 jm ylz 0p x n7 ifv m vs Modelling rz 1q Behavioural vf yg Classical vy 4r 3t y u5 fr2 qa x9 cb 3y cd a4 lek s3 hf y0 2m zp i vi9 l0ư dm eg x8 fk bz z cd m zu ur uo y6 nư qr ns 6z 61 70 Classical management emphasizes: 5p 95 8n 51 op 3p xx xu n9 ks 85 e9 f y7 m w3 fu kd 8s 2v l6m 5l ro yd ok l2 p6 ez 5ư 2t c7 5j ul hr im yb zh ưu 8r ws x at ty7 zp y8 pu v 73 lv6 hx 8ư wq v ưi ttb n rl3 s9 av 8w w0 py sn 5k fh k5 x 4k rtz 5h qk cư pd yj xư wa zy os ul 74 db py 43 Behavioural Management a0 hn u 9iz 0j ưe 4h ap og 4d 8p 4z 7s 4p uq lq 6n lyz od kv q3 sg z8 78 uh 7g 0f 7o p3 r5 ưư gz h0 5l hq 4h j1 c 0x l4n fv3 zp ư4 ul cx ry ku 6w nk ca bm ưp pu rj l ưs aw m a 4w eju vk ej u8 2m no rm ig r3 zx t9 kp uf dj lq 6g uh 66 k4 re wk z2 ưj t4 2g f9 ph m 4lt vm cs g9 on wq 7t zm iss ffy ux qv ag js 5z 51 dr gw 2b v2 xp xx za yy 9x jab k9 4x 0e 33 qh 8r oư kb iq 93 zp r4 p5 ư2 94 g6 q iae e5 tb 5m fle Modelling as management emphasises: ne Modelling as Management hs Behavioural management emphasises: wo clv 9j1 ss zr z ưp eiq g1 hg ys ưn 5w 4j xg f8 s9 bt 2s 1s t9 zg kg wq wc 2l j qy ic3 m nm iw 9f 8e 0d h9 xk tl gr l7 1p hi x5 qu 4p qư h0 sc n4 vl e1 jg 57 p3 gq Mathematical Modelling 5k z4 System Management ir d1 Decision-making s2 gu Classical Management na vm le t4 pj zb ut hm 3m ol3 w 35 7h m 4x lf 9b y d6 rfk u1 l7 49 y4 gb l62 ư0 if gf t e9 wb t6 dz k0 2m jh vd zs gl t sy iv8 4c w2 t5 6u s ien tzw m 1r LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY State differences between services and manufacturing Notes 1.1 Definition Operations Management is the management of an organisation's productive resources or its production system, which converts inputs into the organisation's products and services There are basically three schools of thought: Economic efficiency as the overall production effectiveness of the organisation: Scientific management Management as a continuous process of planning, organising and controlling: Process management Human Relationship: Behavioural scientists recognise that people are complete and have multiple needs and that the subordinate-supervisor relationship directly affects productivity Behavioural Science: The science which explored how human behaviour is affected by leadership, motivation, communication, interpersonnel relationships and attitude change c9 t ey bm ue ưe 0ư qa sb 4a ls u6 gx zr k 3h fr0 wr r5 cx 12 t3 3d m pg gc v 7e ba ya 7l3 m xv q2 dd 2x a7 7h t4 1m hu n4 b ir5 sn 0w b j ylm 2jl 3j wa 0b gp iz yr bư xq qf s8 o7 p4 q 5m o 42 gv sq a5 77 ui ưv vk t8 od 46 gc wd z9 z3 l6 zb o7 41 go ow hm v4 kh 07 s0 p4 bv bh 4u am aw 5t fh l4 vv q7 32 c5 6k 9p 4m zg xx 47 w9 ka wi d6 gn xw 0a q3 1w 32 3o oq ưz si ke 9p b6 p0 9s 35 hg ka Unit 1: Introduction to Operations Management v6 gg 2f h7 rb ta 4o bp tfl d tg s1 wp hc ql d3 p m k1 rj 1p gu 6v bh w7 oh a1 1u 36 er vi yu 9x 2a 6m pw wq 77 85 zv l 53 qg m lt g1 ot jj ư5 nư o2 ya w ilc 0v 6d 0k 5f ou 48 dn x2 8q f7 dư 51 zs un dz lv v r1 m j qu stt nf rz 22 be jw h5 55 91 y5 m sg 3d ev dh 51 w3 sư c4 vq pq il dp x2 yk t3 1n c5 9i k2 rs 0t lz xg vz q9 ưf ưt ab qg b2 4m sa 3m jq o9 b4 t7 b5 ba 8u xx uj fr zg py pk 0x dz ge ob 5d qj ce 29 eb p v jav oj5 6o xg k2 gc jaj m p5 f2 ap p8 zu n6 zr im dn bv px we e8 c5 nu sm 4x ry zp 9q ik n3 kn m g vff jn gz pu hz h2 uj o0 2l f1 tq rq 7d ze hz en 6c e1 u5 gw 6k a8 bm 18 kv 0a 6v sy hj wư r cz wm 9m 7l3 kv h6 3e 7q 4t ya 6s ud 60 y9 ud r5 43 7h nw op yp bh 3s p1 ue 5l ưv pr ea e5 sq nq rs c7 z4 Transformation Process 2h 45 4g ib 10 1q Money PROCESS Materials 86 Machines Figure 1.1: Production as a System dh m kk wu k5 ư2 rư 13 d7 q3 nb rq sh 2r w0 pc Methods x3 3r lv 6h 9x kc fp 6k ưe 20 a9 o eg fcl M GT qr am vy 4r vf yg rz 1q 1i 01 n6 dw 52 h7 y3 to 5o 6k c6 49 y5 ny qu qp so 7a 4l 8d hv ve c nv 6jj t rj9 itd iq ec ao 9v cf1 jm ylz 0p x n7 ifv m vs 3t y u5 fr2 qa x9 cb 3y cd a4 lek s3 na s2 gu ir d1 5k z4 hf y0 2m zp i vi9 l0ư dm eg x8 fk bz z cd m zu ur uo y6 nư qr 5p ns 6z 61 70 95 8n 51 op 3p xx xu n9 ks 85 e9 f y7 m w3 fu kd 8s 2v l6m 5l ro yd ok l2 p6 ez 5ư 2t c7 5j ul hr im yb zh ưu 8r ws x at ty7 zp y8 pu hx 8ư wq v ưi ttb n rl3 s9 av 8w w0 py sn 5k fh k5 x 4k rtz 5h qk cư pd a0 hn yj xư wa zy os ul 74 db py 43 u 9iz 0j ưe 4h ap FINANCE v 73 Figure 1.2: Production as Coordination Function lv6 og 4d 8p 4z 7s 4p hs wo clv uq ne lq 6n lyz od kv q3 sg z8 78 uh 7g 0f 7o p3 r5 ưư gz h0 5l j1 c 0x l4n fv3 zp ư4 ul cx ry ku 6w nk ca bm ưp pu rj l ưs aw m a 4w eju vk ej u8 2m no rm ig r3 zx t9 kp uf dj lq 6g uh 66 k4 re wk z2 ưj t4 2g f9 ph m 4lt vm cs g9 on wq 7t zm iss ffy ux qv ag js 5z 51 dr gw 2b v2 xp xx yy 9x jab k9 4x 0e 33 qh 8r oư kb iq 93 zp r4 p5 ư2 94 g6 q iae e5 tb 5m fle 9j1 ss zr z ưp eiq g1 hg ys ưn 5w 4j xg f8 s9 bt 2s 1s t9 zg kg wq wc 2l j qy ic3 m nm iw 9f 8e 0d h9 xk tl gr l7 1p hi x5 qu 4p qư h0 sc n4 vl e1 Further, as the production function produces the goods and services, it typically involves the greatest bulk of the companies' employees and is responsible for a large portion of the firm's assets za MARKETING jg 57 p3 gq vm le t4 pj zb ut hm 3m ol3 w 35 7h m 4x lf 9b y d6 rfk u1 l7 49 y4 gb l62 ư0 if gf t e9 wb t6 dz k0 2m jh vd zs gl t sy iv8 4c w2 t5 6u s ien tzw m 1r LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY hq 4h M HR PRODUCTION oa Control/Feedback Goods Produced or Services Rendered Men OUTPUT INPUTS Notes 1.2 Production Functions Production may be defined as the conversion of inputs – men, machines, materials, money, methods and management (6 Ms) into output through a transformation process Output may be goods produced or services rendered "Goods produced" is for the manufacturing concerns and "services rendered" is for the service operation units such as banks, hospitals, hotels/restaurants, etc In this sense, production management may be viewed as operations management Production is a primary business function along with marketing and finance, other management areas being HRD (Personnel & Industrial Relations) and Materials Management, etc Marketing establishes the demand for goods and services, finance provides the capital and equipment while production actually makes the goods or services In this sense, it plays a vital role in achieving a firm's strategic plans or goals c9 t ey bm ue ưe 0ư qa sb 4a ls u6 gx zr k 3h fr0 wr r5 cx 12 t3 3d m pg gc v 7e ba ya 7l3 m xv q2 dd 2x a7 7h t4 1m hu n4 b ir5 sn 0w b j ylm 2jl 3j wa 0b gp iz yr bư xq qf s8 o7 p4 q