Luận văn vấn đề phát hiện luật kết hợp trong cơ sở dữ liệu và khai phá dữ liệu

Trang 1 DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA lNO ’KHOA COlNY lNCHElNGUYElN THI THOA Trang 4 DAlNH kMUC BAlNG BIfziU, HIlNHVEHzipnh 1.1: Qhuxa vterzipnh okhxalm sphxa vterzi vthñ3c...9Bâpncg 2.1: Thhu3vt

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA lNO

lNGUYElN THI THOA

1

2.3.1 Cf3c gdzipnh pncghzixa hzipnh vthzizi3c vterxapn hee vthgdpncg vtzipn lmñ 30

2.3.2 Vzi gdhu lmzipnh hoxa 32

2.3.3 Thhu vt vtoxapn sphxavt hzieepn vtosp 3chzi @bxao ivxa 3c53c ylhulsvt okévt hqsp lmgd 34

Câhuopncg 3 kMovt lsgd vthhu vt vtoxapn sphxavt hzieepn ylhuxavt okévt hspsp 37

3huvt xapnAI37 3.2 Thhu vt vtoxapn SETkM 39

3.3 Thhu vt vtoxapn Asperzioerzi 42

3.4 Thhu vt vtoxapn AsperzioerziTzigd 44

3.5 Thhu vt vtoxapn sphâpn hoxa3ch 46

3.6 Thhu vt vtoxapn CHARkM 51

Chhuopncg 4 3sp gdqpncg okmy vtylzihuxavt okhxazi sphxa gdzizi ylziéhu ivxao @bñzi vto3pn @b3o hziélm 58

5Bxazivtxapn 5.2 Cxazi gdxavt 3chhupnpncg vterzipnh 60

5.3 Keevt qhu3 3chxamy 3chhupnpncg vterzipnh 61

5.4.lNh pn pxévt okzivt qhuxa 67

DAlNH kMUC BAlNG BIfziU, HIlNH

VE

Hzipnh 1.1: Qhuxa vterzipnh okhxalm sphxa vterzi vthñ3c 9

Bâpncg 2.1: Thhu3vt vtoxapn sphxavt hzieepn vtzivtsp 3chzi @bâo sph8 @bzi6pn pnhzi sphâpn 26

Bâpncg 2.2: Thhuâvt vtoxapn sphxavt hzieepn ylhu3vt okévt hspsp pnhzi sphâpn 27

Bâpncg 2.3: Bxapncg 3chuxa cgzixao gdzi3ch ivxa 3cxa3c 3chzi lmhu3c 33

Bxapncg 2.4: Hee vthzipncg vtzipn pnhzi sphâpn 33

Bxapncg 2.5: HQ vthzipncg vtzipn lmñ 34

Bxapncg 2.6: Thhu vt vtoxapn sphxavt hzieepn vtosp 3chzi @bxao lmS 35

Bxapncg 2.7: Thhu vt vtoxapn sphxavt hzieepn ylhuâvt okzivt hspsp lmgd 36

Bâpncg 3.1: Thhu vt vtoxapn AIS 37

Bxapncg 3.2: Vzi gdhu vthhuâvt vtoxapn AIS 38

Bxapncg 3.3: Thhu vt vtoxapn SETkM 40

Bxapncg 3.4: Vzi gdhu vthhuâvt vtowpn SETkM 42

Bxapncg 3.5: Thhu vt vtoxapn Asperzioerzi 42

Bxapncg 3.6: Hzilm xasperzioerzi_cgeepn 43

Bxapncg 3.7: Vzi gdhu vthhu vt vtowpn Asperzioerzi 44

Bxapncg 3.8: Aylcgoerzivthlm AsperzioerziTzigd 45

Bxapncg 3.9: Vzi gdhu vthhu vt vtoxapn AsperzioerziTzigd 46

Bxapncg 3.10: Kmy hzieehu lsvt gdhupncg vteropncg vthhu I vtoxapn sphâpn hoxa3ch 48

Bxapncg 3.11: ThhuJvt vtoxapn sphâpn hoxa3ch 49

Bxapncg 3.12: Thhu vthu3c cgeepn_ylxaercgee zivteelmlseevtls 49

Bxacg33vtpnee50 Bxapncg 3.14: Thñ vthu3c cgeepn fzipnxayl_3cohupnvt 51

Bâpncg 3.15: Thhuzivtvt vtowpn CHARkM 54

Hzipnh 3.1: CHARkM lsxasp pxésp vtheeo vthee vthu vtzizi gdziépn 55

Hzipnh 3.2: CHARkM lsxasp pxésp vtheeo gd hfzi vterq vtxapncg gdzipn 56

pnh4gdpn59 Hzipnh 4.2: Chxa lsfzi cgzixao gdzi pn 3chzipnh 3chuxa 3chhupnpncg vterzipnh KDD opn Ipnlshuerxapn3cee 72

CAC KY HIEU VA TU VIET TAT

i) vtosp lmhu3c ivxa zizi) gdñ ho vtermy

Tosp 3cxa3c ok-zivteelmlseevt hupncg 3cvt.

kMozi vth5pnh ivziépn 3chuxa vt4sp 3co hxavt vterxañpncg:

Ipnvterxapneevt, Ipnvteeerpneevt, ivxa 3copncg pncghee Dxavtxa wxaereehohulsee gdxa vtxao erxa pnhziéhu 3co hozi 3cho

3chñpncg vtxa vteropncg ivziee3c vthhu vthâsp, sphâpn vtzi3ch, pxâ ylmy ivxa gdhumy vterzi gdzizi ylzieehu Vzi vthé gdzizi ylzieehu

3chuxa 3cxa3c gdoxapnh pncghzieesp, 3cxa3c vtfzi 3chhu3c ivxa gdeepn ivzi pncgxamy 3cxapncg pnhziéhu vthzipncg vtzipn, sphopncgs

Lhupnpn ivxapn cgolm 3cxa3c pnozi gdhupncg 3chzipnh lsxahu

Chhuopncg 1, vterzipnh @bhumy vtopncg qhuxavt ivee okhxazi sphls gdzizi ylzieehu, 3chu vthee ylxa gdzipnh pncghzixao

khxazi sphxa gdhu ylzieehu ivxa 3cxa3c vtzipncg gdhupncg 3chuxa pno, 3cxa3c cgzixazi gdoxapn 3cñxa qhuxa vterzipnh sphxavt hzieepnv

terzi vthvtzi3c, 3cxa3c @bxazi vtoxapn vteropncg okhxazi sphxa gdzizi ylzieehu Chuozi 3chhuopncg 1, ylhu pn ivxapn vterzipnh @bxamy3

CHlNDlNG 1 TOlNG QUAlN VE KHAI PHA DC LIEU

- kMxazi o k e e!•!' 8’- 3cxa3c vtzipncg gdhupncg cgñlm sphâpn vtzi3ch pnhhu 3csphu okhxa3ch hxapncg gdpnxa

vtereepn 3cxa3c erpnâhu lmhuxa; pxxa3c gdzipnh 3cxa3c 3chzieefls ylhuo3c okzipnh gdoxapnh cgolm: qhuxapncg 3cxao, ivzi vterzi

okho hxapncg, ivxa lmhu3c vtzieehu sphâpn 63hu; sphâpn yloxazi okhxa3ch hxapncg, okho hoxa3c lsxapn sphâlm; ivxa

vthziévt oké gdxapnh lmhu3c, pxeesp gdxavt okho hxapncg, ivxa 3chziépn gdzi3ch qhuxapncg 3cxao.

- Tâzi 3cylziziziziylzi, 3cylzizi“vtzizicg Lylzioñzizi : 3cxa3c erzipncg gdhupncg cgfzilm sphâpn vtzi3ch okhxa pnxapncg vterxa pno

3chuxa okhxa3ch hxapncg, sph5pn yloxazi Lxazi okhoxapn 3co vthé pnh pn gdhuo3c, hzieehu qhuxa, sphzizizizi vtzi3ch gdâhu vthu

vtxazi 3chzipnh lmzipn 3chvtlmcg okhoâpn, 3cxa3c hzisp gdopncg (okhé huls3c), ivxa 3cfzipncg vterxazi; lm pnh cgzif 3chuxa 3cf3c

ylhuxa 3chopn vtxazi 3chzipnh; ivxa sphxavt hzieepn lshu cgzixapn ylxapn.

Sâzizi huxavt, 3cylzié’ylxao: 3cxa3c erzipncg gdhupncg cgfzilm vtozi huhu hoxa vtxazi pncghumyépn pnhhu 3cxa3c

vthzieevt @bzi, pnhâpn ylhu3c, ivxa iv3vt ylzieehu; vtovt huhu vthziévt oké qhumy vterzipnh lsxapn pxhuâvt, @bñ vterzi okhhu 3chee

Trzns farts\ztiun Data Intcrprcfacion•’

Target Data Preprocessed Data

lxalm cgylxahu gdzizi ylzieehu lNcghzixa ylxa pxñ ylmy 3cxa3c gdzizi ylzieehu okhfzipncg gdzimy gdhu, gdG ylzieehu pnhzieehu, gdGy

lzieehu okhopncg pnhâvt qhuxapn, iv.iv., gdo gdzizi ylzieehu gdhuo3c ylxamy vtzivt pnhziéhu pncghuopn gdzizi ylzieehu okhopncgg

dopncg pnhâvt, pnhxalm erhuvt cgopn gdzizi ylzieehu, erñzi erxa3c hoxa gdG ylzieehu Sxahu @bhuls3c lmmy gdG ylzieehug

dhupncg 3cho ivziee3c okhxazi sphxa vterzi vthhu3c lsee pnhâvt qhuxapn, gdzimy gdhu, gdhuo3c erhuvt cgopn ivxa gdUo3c erlszie

rxa3c hoxa Vzi gdhu, lmovt okhxa3ch hxapncg 3co vthee 3co pnhzieehu @bxapn cghzi gdo ziee3c ivziévt lsxazi vtépn, vthxamyg

dlszi gdzixa 3chzi ivxa cghumy erxa lshu Ulm vthuñpncg ylxa 3co pnhzieehu okhxa3ch hxapncg okhxa3c pnhxahu Theelm3

chvt, 3co okhxa3ch hxapncg 3cñ my sphxavt xalm hoxa3c ivzieevt lsxazi vteepn hoñ3c gdpnxa vthopncg vtzipn ylzieepn qhuxapng

deepn ivziee3c ho @bzi vtzizi 3chñzi lmovt ivxavt hzipnh vthzizi3c okhhumyépn lmxazi hxamy @bxao ylzixapnh, iv.iv Lxalmc

gzi5hu gdG ylzieehu ylxa 3chhuerpn hoxa ivxa ylxalm lmzipn gdG ylzieehu Jé gdhuxa ivé gdxapncg vthhuJpn ylozi pnh3vtp

nhxalm sphhu3c ivhu 3cho 3cxa3c okY vthhuAvt okhxazi sphxa gdzizi ylzieehu S @bhuls3c lsxahu Cf3c gdG ylzieehu S 3cxa3co

khhuopn gdxapncg okhxa3c pnhxahu 3cñpncg 3cxapn gdxao3c qhuyl gdlszi ivxa vtzipnh vtoxapn ylxazi gdee gdpnxa ivee lmovto

kzieehu vthopncg pnhxavt vtzieepn 3cho qhuxa vterzipnh sphfzipn vtzi3ch, 3chxapncg hxapn qhuzi gdlszi gdeepn ivzi vtzieepn vtee,

t u s i h a y n g a y s l nh, d i a ch i ch i t ié t h a y ch i a th eo vñ n g, v v.

Bzié’zizi gd3c3czi gdâ ylzi3czizi {3cylxaylxa vtzi‘xazizilsfozi‘lmxavtziozizi): Chzipnh ylxa @bhuls3c lm3 hoxa gdziziy

lzieehu Cxa3c vthzieevt okee gdee 3chsppn ylo3c, yl5lm lsxa3ch ivxa ylxalm cgzixahu gdzizi ylzieehu lsé gdhuo3c lm3 hoxa gdhuñzig

Bzié’zizi âziézizi ivâ gdxaziziylzi cgzixa vtzi zi vtylzivtvt3c {okpnowyleegdee zi‘eespzi‘eelseezivtvtxavtziozizi & ee

ivxaylhuvtziozizi): Câ3c okévt qhuo okhxazi sphxa gdG ylzieehu 3cñpncg ivlszi 3cxa3c okévt qhuxa vtzizi 3cxa3c 3c0pncg 3chu sphâpn

1 l

nhzieelm ivhu sphxavt hzieepn vterzi vthUC ylxa ivxapn gdé gdxapncg qhuxapn Ulm pnhxalm vtxao erxa lmñvt heev

1.3.3 Phxavt hzieepn ylhuñvt okévt hosp

Txa pxévt lmfzivt vtâsp 3cxa3c vthhu‹zi3c vtzipnh pnhzi sphxapn cgovt ylxa 3cxa3c lmhu3c kMñzi lmhu3c vthupnpncg

erzipncg ivlszi lmñvt cgzixao gdzi3ch 3chuxa okh53ch hxapncg, vteropncg gdo vthhu vth sp 3cxa3c lmhu3c 3co cgzixa vterzi 3co ho33c okhñpncg sphhu vthhufzi3c ivxao okhxa3ch hxapncg vtzierzipncg zierpncg 3co lmhuxa lmhu3c gdo vteropncg cgzixao

tzipnh gdhu @bxao ylxa vthulszi, cgzilsvt vtzipnh, vterzipnh gd ho3c ivxapn,.iv.iv., 3cñxa pnh5pn ivziépn ivxa vthhufzi3c vtzipnhs

tylpnh gdé gdhu @bâo ylxa ylziépn vthu3c 3chhu okhopncg sphxazi erlszi erxa3c Vziee3c gdhu @bxao 3cxa3c cgzixa vterzi lsñv

thhuñpncg gdhuo3c ylxalm @blszi 3cf3c sphhupnpncg sphxasp vthopncg oké 3c8 gdziépn, 3chxapncg hxapn pnhhu h0zi qhumyv

thumyépn vtzipnh Thumy pnhzieepn, 3cf3c sphhupnpncg sphxasp lmfzi hzipnh hoxa 3czizipncg gdhuo3c lshu gdhupncg, ivzi gdhu3

cermy qhumyévt gdzipnh.

Upncg gdhupncg 3chuxa hozi qhumy erxavt pnhziéhu, ivzi gdhu pnhhu: gdhu gdoxapn lso ylhusppncg lsylpnh ivxavts

dhupncg vteropncg okhxazi sphls gdG ylzieehu: 3cxa3c 3cñpncg 3chu vterhumy iv3pn, ok-ylxapncg cgzieepncg cg3pn, 3czivtmy qhumyévtg

cg0lm pnhziéhu vthhuo3c vtzipnh gdñ3c Usp @bxapncg lmñvt gdziélm vteropncg okhhpncg cgzixapn vtzilm okziélm 3co lsfzi

3chziéhu ylñpn Teropncg 3cxa3c okhopncg cgzixapn 3co ls6 3chziéhu ylñpn, hxavt gdzixalm h5hu pnhhu 3cñpncg

okhoxapncg 3cxa3ch, ivzi vthee okmy vthhuxavt ok-ylxapncg cgzieepncg okhopncg ,3cho vtxa vthopncg vtzipn 3co zi3ch pnxao,

d3hu Thhuxavt vtoxapn qhumy pnxasp 3c3my qhumyévt gdzipnh Thhuxavt vtoxapn qhumy pnxasp 3cermy qhumyévt gdzipnhv

cermy”, vthzi

ylhuxavt okeevt hosp | Bxapnh lmmy, lszizixa) (pnhuls3c ésp lmxavt 3cermy | I (98, 70) 3co pncghzixa 70% lso @bxapnc

ghzi 3chhuxa @bxapnh lmmy, lszizixa ivxa pnhuls3c ésp vterxazi 3cermy ivxa 98% lsñ @bxapn cghzi 3chzixa pnhuls3c vterxazi

c r y c i i n g ch i a b a nh m y v a sU a.

3

c0pncg gdopncg pncghzieepn 3cvtzihu KDD kMhu3c gdzi3ch ylxa vtxao erxa vtzivt 3cxa 3cxa3c ylhuxavt 3cñ gdo hñ vtero ivxag

“60% okhxa3ch hxapncg lmhuxa okhoxazi vthmy erxapn, okhfzipncg lmhuxa vterxazi 3cermy”.

CHEWIlNG 2 PHAT HIElN LUAT KET HCziP

Baruch my, Be

4 C f 3c ylhuâvt okévt hxamy sphâ @bziépn pnhzi R hâpn ivâ ylzié lsâ’vtzipn 3câmy

Cho hee vthñpncg vtzipn pnhzi sphxapn S = (O, D, B, 2) ivxa lmovt pncghuñpncg hu ee[0, yl] Cho L

Phxa yl: sphxavt hzieepn 3cxa3c vtosp 3chzi @bxao sphls @bziépn gdpnxa vtereepn pncghuñpncg kMIlNSUP 3cho vterhuls3c

Phxa 2: pxâmy gdhupncg 3cxa3c ylhuxavt okzivt hspsp gdpnxa vtereepn lm8vt pncghuñpncg kMIlNCOlNF 3cho vterhuls3c.

Cho lmxa vtereepn vthopncg vtzipn pnhzi sphxapn ^B = (O,D,B,/) ivxa lmspvt pncghuñpncg hu, § ee [0,1)

Cho hee vthopncg vtzipn pnhzi sphxapn *B = (O,D,B,/) pnhxa gdñ gdhuo3c gdzipnh pncghzixa vteropncg

@bxapncg yl ivxa hu —0.5, §=0.5 Tzizi B *xa 3co 3cxa3c ivee3cvto 3chzi @bâo pnhzi sphxapn pnhhu gdhuS1 gdzimy 3cñxa

Vee:

Vcg( | gd, ) ) = (1,0,1,0); V B ( | gd 2 | ) = (0,1,1,1);

V (| gd, ) ) = (1,1', J ,0); Vcg((gd 4 J) = (1,0,0,0); V (( d, ) ) = (0,1,1,1);

Cho (X,Y) ee L pxLcg , ivxa X <> Y, T = Xlmyl", cgzif vterzi 3cñxa f(X,Y) ylxa

teropncg VSB 2gd6 vtzi pncg vto3c gdo vtzipnh vtoxapn Chuozi 3chupncg, vtxa 3co L , = (gd 2 , gd„ gd 5 | ivxa VS B ,

3

chhuxa 3chzi lmovt ivee3cvto 3chzi @bxao iv B (| gd„ gd„ gd,} ) = (0, 1, 1, 0).

Tzizi LB,3 ylxa pxâmy gdhupncg lmxa vtereepn @bzieehu gdzieepn 5pnh px;xa f: LB,3pxL , —› R (vtgdsp lsñ vthhu3c).

2 Câ3c xapnylvt pxxa vthâpncg vtzipn zipnâ

Cho lmñvt hee vthlspncg vtzipn lmS SF = (O,D,B,¿vt) ivxa lmovt pncghuñpncg zi ee F, vtxa gdzipnh pncghzixa

3 Cxa3c vtxasp 3chzi @bâo sphls @bziépn zipnâ

Cho lmxa vterApn vthfzipncg vtzipn lm«F = (O,D,F, q) ivxa lmfzivt pncghuñpncg hu eeT Cho S lm

D, S ylxa vtzisp 3chzi @bxao spho @bziépn pnhzi sphxapn ivlszi pncghuñpncg hu pnéhu:

4 Câ3c ylhuâvt okévt h lmâ ivâ hé lso“vtzipn 3câmy

Cho lmxa vtereepn vthopncg vtzipn lmS S = (O,D,F,q) ivâ lmovt pncghuñpncg hu ee T Cho S ylxa

S Cxa3c ivee3cvtxa 3chyl @bâo lmâ ivâ 3cxa3c sphésp vtoâpn vterépn 3câ3c ivee3cvtxa gdo

Cho lmñvt hee vthñpncg vtzipn lmS S F = (O,D,F,q) vteropncg gdS O = | o„ , o„ ) ylxa lmovt v

vthxapnh

sphxapn, lmfzizi vthxapnh sphxapn X, 3chziélm lmovt cgzixa vterzi vteropncg F Cho VS, ylxa lmovt vtAsp cgolm vtzivt

3cxa

g

Cho lmxa vtereepn vthopncg vtzieree lmS SF = (O,D,F,sp) ivxa 3cxa3c pncghuñpncg hu, §ee [0,1]

vteropncg gdo hu ylxa kMIlNSUPP ivxa § ylxa kMIlNCOlNF Cho LF ylxa vtosp 3chuxa vtzivt 3cxa 3cxa3c vtosp

CHO€zilNG 3 kMOT SO THUAT TOAlN PHAT HIElN

LU§T KET HOP

1 2 3 5 J Top muc

dzipnh @blszi ivziee3c lsxasp pxeesp (@bhuls3c 12) ivxa ivziee3c okeevt hspsp ylxazi 3csphu vtervtzi3c vthuerpn vthu pnxamy (@bhuls3c 13) SETkM cghzi pnhñ 3cxa3c TID 3cfzixa ivziee3c sphxavt lszipnh 3cxa3c cgzixao gdzi3ch ivlszi 3cxa3c vt3sp lmhu3c

v

tzipncg 3chu ivziépn Dé vterxapnh ivziee3c vthxao vtxa3c vtereepn vtosp 3copn, pno gdhupncg vthzipncg vtzipn pnxamy gd6 pxxa3cg

TID Câc muc

Top muc TID

7. vtxapncg @bziépn gdélm 3cho vtziylvt 3cxa3c erzipncg 3cvt ivziépn vthhuvt›3c C 3chzierxa vteropncg vt;

8 : = vtzivt 3cxa3c erzipncg 3czizi ivziépn vthhuo3c Cok vthoxa lmxapn gdo hñ vtermy vtozi vthziéhu;

TID T3p muc

200 (2 3 5

300 |2 3 5

gdhuñzi Tziésp gdépn, CSDL gdhuo3c qhuévt ivxa hñ vtero 3cñxa 3cxa3c vtzipncg 3czizi ivzieepn vteropncg Cok gdñ 3chzixa

TID Cac muc

cgzixao gdzi3ch vt pnxamy ylxa ( | 1 ) | 3) ), ivzi | 1 3) ylxa vthxapnh ivzieepn 3cñxa C 2ivxa 3cxa ( | 1 3) — | J ) ) ivxa (|

1 3

— | 3 ) ) ylxa 3cxa3c vthxapnh ivzieepn 3chuxa vt vtosp 3cxa3c_vt sp lmhu3c.

Gozi hxalm xasperzioerzi_cgeepn gdovt ivlsyl L 2gdhuxa ivxao C, Thxa3c hzieepn qhuévt vtereepn gdzizi ylzieehu ivlsyl C’, ivxa C, sphxavt lszipnh erxa C’, Lhuhu my erxapncg okhñpnsp• 3co vtosp lmhu3c vthhuñ3c C’, gdozi ivlszi 3cxa3c

c

gzixao gdzi3ch 3co TID ylxa 100 ivâ 400, ivzi vthee 3chhupncg okhfzipncg 3chhuxa @bhuvt okmy 3cxa3c vtosp lmhu3c

th uo c C,.

TID Cac muc

Chhupncg vtxa 3clm gdzipnh pncghzixa lshuspspoervt vtoxapn vthee, Usp lmhu3c sphf› @bzi0pn vtoxapn vthee ivxa

v

tâsp lmhu3c zilmcg 3cvt ivziépn vtoxapn vthee cgzi,ñpncg pnylzihu S vtereepn pncgoxazi vterzizi @b0zi 3cxapnh vtoxapn @bsp CSDL D vtzieehu 3chhupncg vtxa qhuxapn Ulm ylxa vtzilm vtzivt 3cxa 3cxa3c vtxasp lmhu3c sphls @bzieepn vtoxapn vthee.

dé sphxavt lszipnh erxa 3cxa3c vtâsp lmhu3c Epncg 3cvt vtoxapn vtylzié Tâsp 3cxa3c vtAsp lmhu3c vtzipncg 3cvt vtoxapn

Cho X I ivxa Y lm T Cho 3c;vt (X) @bziéhu gdziépn xapnh pxxa hspsp zi„vt(X) = zi(vt(X)) ivxa

3c„(Y) = vt„zi(Y) = vt(zi(Y)) ***'

*.- v t P(I) —+ P(I) ivxa 3c,; : P(T)—+P(T) ylxa hxazi vtoxapn vthu gdopncgv

@bziéhu gdziépn vtheeo vthzier vth vtzizi gdziépn, vthzi vtâsp lmhu3c AC < AD Khzi ivñzi lmâhu okhxa3c, pneehu f lsxasp

lmhu3c gdopncg, ivzi pno okhfzipncg vthé gdhuo3c vthhu3c hzieeerzi; S cgzixazi gdoxapn pnxamy @bzivt okmy vtosp lmhu3c

gdopncg gdxapncg 3chzierxa X; , gdñ vtzizipncg gdhuo3c lszipnh erxa Sxapn gdñ 3chhupncg vtxa qhuxamy ylxazi gdopncg 3 gd6

pxñ ylmy pnhxapnh vtzieesp vtheeo (okhvt›pncg gdhuo3c vtzixa) Thñ vthu3c CHARkM-PROPERTY okziélm vterxa

d e n g i a n né u c a p m s i l a ph s b ié n, xo a no né u no kho n g ph8 b i e n S a u kh i no

okzieelm vterxa lmñzi 3cxasp zivteelmlseevt- vtzigdlseevt ivlszi 4 vthhuo3c vtzipnh 3co @bxapn, ivziee3c lmS erzipncg 3cxa3c vtâsp

lmhu3c hzieepn 3co, pxoxa lmñvt lso pnhxapnh

CT x 1356CW x 12345 ACTW x 135

kMxavt okhxa3c, 3chhupncg vtxa 3cxapn vthhu3c hzieepn cgzixao 3chuxa 3cxa3c vtosp cgzixao gdzi3ch vthupnpncg erzipncg lmñzi

okhzi

3chhupncg vtxa pnozi hxazi hoxa3c pnhziéhu hopn hxazi lmhu3c.

Vzi gdhu, hzipnh 3.17 vtereepn 3cho vtheemy CHARkM vthhu3c hzieepn pnhhu vthee pnxao vterépn CSDL

mylhu S vtereepn, pneehu 3chhupncg vtxa lsxasp pxeesp 3cxa3c vt3sp lmhu3c vtheeo vthee vthu vtxapncg gd3pn 3cñxa gdo hfzi vtermy.

Chhupncg vtxa okhlszi vtxao lNogdeels = yl A px 1345, D px 2456, T px 1256, W px 12345, C px 123456) vteropncg gdlspncg 1 Txazi gdñpncg 3, 3chhupncg vtxa @bxavt gdxahu pxñ ylmy pnhxapnh A px 1345 (

vtheemy erxapncg vt(A) lm vt(C) Vzi iv my, AW vthxapnh ACW (X = ACW), ivxa ATW vteropncg lNeewlN

vthxapnh ACTW Dzieehu pnxamy CHARkM-EXTElND gdxaq3c cgovt ivñzi lNeewlN okhxa3c eropncg (gdlspncg 8) lNhhupncg ivzi 3chzi 3cñpn 3co lmeevt vthxapnh sph°gdpn, 3chhupncg vtxa vthoxavt pncgxamy lsxahu okhzi @b8 lshupncg ACTW px 135 VxaO vtosp 3cxa3c vtâsp lmhuC sphfzi @bziépn gdopncg C (gdñpncg 9).

Khzi 3chhupncg vtxa vterls ylxazi, pnhxapnh A gdxa gdhuo3c pxzizi ylmy pxopncg, ivxa 3chhupncg vtxa @bfzi lshupncg X = ACW ivxao C Cxa3c pnhxapnh okhxa3c gdhusp3c okziélm vterxa ylxapn Ipn3cyl, 3chu8zi 3cñpncg C gdhuo3c gdpnxa erxa

v

p

nhxapnh okhñpncg gdopncg, ivzi pno gdñ cgosp @bñzi AT px 135, ivxa pno @b! yloxazi vteropncg gdopncg 9.