Asthma is a widespread public health problem and the most common chronic illness in childhood and adolescence. According to the Global Asthma Report 2011(Masoli, Fabian, Holt, Beasley, 2011), the number of people with asthma in the world may be as high as 235 million. ISAAC (2015) reported that about 14% of the world’s children were likely to have had asthmatic symptoms in 2013. A WHO survey (2003) estimated that 4.3% respondents aged 1845 reported a doctor’s diagnosis of asthma, 4.5% had reported either a doctor’s diagnosis or that they were taking treatment for asthma, and 8.6% reported that they had experienced attacks of wheezing or whistling breath (symptoms of asthma) in the preceding 12 months. The highest prevalence was observed in Australia, Northern and Western Europe and Brazil.
美和科技大學 健康照護研究所 碩 士 論 文 士 論 文 論 文 文 PARENTAL STRESS: CARING FOR CHILD WITH ASTHMA IN VIETNAM 研 究 生： 指導教授： 中 華 民 國 華 民 國 民 國 國 x xx 年 xx 月 PARENTAL STRESS: CARING FOR CHILD WITH ASTHMA IN VIETNAM Graduate student:： Supervisor： Meiho University Graduate Institute of Health care Thesis A thesis submitted to the Graduate Institute of Health Care of Meiho University In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Health Care July 2015 Abstract Asthma is a public health problem that is common among children population Having children with asthma is challenging for caregivers, especially their parents Elevated levels of stress in parents are associated with poor impacts for both parents and their children Parenting distress affects children’s quality of life, onset and the course of asthma, behavior and emotional functioning On the other side, parents, especially mothers who are always primary caregivers of children with asthma, tend to be more overprotective, overindulgent and rejecting than those of children without asthma In recent years, Vietnam is one of South Asian countries having growing incidence of asthma among school age children A large portion of Vietnamese studies on asthma in children focus mainly on identifying prevalence and incidence of asthma in general population and children subgroups as well However, to date there are no studies on parenting stress among parents taking care of asthmatic children It is therefore necessary to conduct an innovative study on parental stress among parents caring children with asthma A cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 April 2015 to 15 May 2015 at Hospital of Tropical Diseases The sampling population is parents of children with asthma visiting the hospital within the study time A structured questionnaire with three well-designed subscales including Parenting Stress Scale (PSS), The Carolina Parent Support Scale (CPSS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was developed to serve as instruments used in face-to-face interviews Data is entered, managed and analyzed by SPSS v16 There were a total of 171 parents of asthmatic children enrolled in the study and most of them were female (79.53%) Generally, the age of participants was relative young with 77.19% were under 39 years of age Most of respondents (94.15%) were married and lived with their spouses There were 38.01% participants who had length of marriage lasted from to 10 years and 36.26% had lived together with their spouses more than 10 years The education level of most of participants was not high with the proportions of participants who completed elementary school or secondary schools and participants who completed high school were 30.41% and 42.11%, respectively In general, participants received little social supports, especially from formal sources and informational supports The mean total parenting stress score among parents of asthmatic children was 39.17 ± 9.69 with a range varied from 21 to 58 point The mean depression score among parents was 10.08 ± 7.32 It meant that 33.88% parents having depression from moderate severe to severe A multiple linear regression analysis showed that depression, education and duration of marriage could be the predictors of parenting stress among parents of asthmatic children Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, ……….and other professors, who spent valuable time in instructing me to complete this thesis I could not fulfill my thesis without profound knowledge, invaluable advices and supports from my professors All of these made me put more efforts to finish my thesis Many special thanks were also sent to the Board of Directors of Nguyen Tat Thanh University for supporting me during my study I will always remember all university officers for their help, cooperation and kindness during my study period in Viet Nam as well as in Taiwan I would like to send my special thanks to health-care staff in departments of Hospital of Tropical Diseases who have provided precious documents used as reference in my study My great gratitude was also given to officers, librarians, staff of dormitory of Meiho Institute of Technology for their help and sharing as close friends during my time of studying in Taiwan I would like to express my thankfulness to all participants who had no hesitation in giving help and useful information during the data collection of the study process Finally, I am eternally indebted to my family who have always behind me in my career advancement and without their helps and concerns I could not complete my thesis List of tables Pages Table Some popular assessment tools of parenting stress 11 Table The results of reliability analysis of PSS, PHQ-9 and CPSS 33 Table Demographic characteristics of parents (n=171) .37 Table Asthmatic child characteristics (n=171) 39 Table Source of informal supports and informal support score among parents of asthmatic children (n=171) 40 Table Source of formal supports and formal support score among parents of asthmatic children (n=171) 41 Table Source of Informational supports and Informational support score among parents of asthmatic children (n=171) 42 Table Subscale of social support and total social support score among parents of asthmatic children (n=171) 42 Table Parental stress subscales score and total stress score among parents of asthmatic children(n = 171) 43 Table 10.The depression status of parents with asthmatic children (n=171) 45 Table 11 The severity of depression among parents with asthmatic children (n=171) 45 Table 12 The relationship between social support and parent characteristics (n=171) 46 Table 13 The relationship between social supports and child characteristics (n=171) 48 Table 14 The relationship between parenting stress and parent characteristics (n=171) 49 Table 15 The relationship between parenting stress and child characteristics (n=171) 51 Table 16 The relationship between depression and parent characteristics (n=171) 52 Table 17 The relationship between depression and child characteristics (n=171).54 Table 18 The correlation between parenting stress score and Informal Supports, Formal Supports, Informational Supports and Total Social Supports among parents of asthmatic children (n=171) .56 Table 19 The correlation between parenting stress score and depression among parents of asthmatic children (n=171) 57 Table 20 Multiple regression predict parenting stress among parents of asthmatic children (n=171) 57 List of tables Page Figure The conceptual framework of parenting stress developed in the study 26 Figure Scatterplot summarized the correlation between stress score and social support scores 55 Figure Scatterplot summarized the correlation between stress score and depression score .56 Contents Page Abstract Acknowledgements List of tables List of figures Chapter Introduction 1.1 Statement of the problem 1.2 Background and significance of the study 1.3 Aim of the research .3 1.4 Research questions 1.5 Definition of term 1.6 Chapter summary Chapter Literature Review .5 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Parental stress 2.3 Chapter summary 23 Chapter Research Methology 24 3.1 Introduction 24 3.2 Research design 24 3.3 Research framework 24 3.4 Sampling and setting 26 3.5 Research instruments 27 3.6 Research Progress .31 3.7 Data management and data analysis strategy 33 3.8 Ethical Consideration 34 3.9 Chapter summary 34 Chapter Results .36 4.1 Introduction 36 4.2 Demographic characteristic of parents of asthmatic children .36 4.3 Social support for parents of asthmatic child 40 4.4 Stress among parents caring asthmatic child 43 4.5 Depression status among parents caring asthmatic child 45 4.6 Relationship among demographic factors, social support, parenting stress and depression 46 4.7 Summary .58 Chapter Discussion 60 5.1 Introduction 60 5.2 Demographic characteristic of participants and asthmatic children 60 5.3 Social support for parents of asthmatic child 64 5.4 Stress among parents caring asthmatic child 66 5.5 Depression status among parents caring asthmatic child 67 5.6 Relationship between factors and parenting stress .67 5.7 Contributions and implications 74 5.8 Limitations 75 5.9 Recommendation for further research 75 5.10 Conclusion 76 Appendix 1: The questionnaire Appendix The informed consent Appendix The certification of conducing study