Ebook Management information systems (10e): Part 2

Ebook Management information systems (10e): Part 2 presents the following content: Chapter 7: eBusiness Systems, Chapter 9: eCommerce systems, Chapter 10: Decision support systems, Chapter 11: Developing businessIT strategies, Chapter 12: Developing businessIT solutions, Chapter 13: Security and ethical challenges, Chapter 14: Enterprise and global management of information technology. 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cally ‘It’s about the butler’s nose Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?’ ‘That’s why I came over tonight.’ ‘Well, he wasn’t always a butler; he used to be the sil- ver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people He had to polish it from morning till night until finally it began to affect his nose— —‘ ‘Things went from bad to worse,’ suggested Miss Baker ‘Yes Things went from bad to worse until finally he had to give up his position.’ For a moment the last sunshine fell with romantic affec- tion upon her glowing face; her voice compelled me forward breathlessly as I listened—then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk The butler came back and murmured something close to Tom’s ear whereupon Tom frowned, pushed back his chair and without a word went inside As if his absence quickened something within her Daisy leaned forward again, her voice glowing and singing ‘I love to see you at my table, Nick You remind me of a— of a rose, an absolute rose Doesn’t he?’ She turned to Miss Baker for confirmation ‘An absolute rose?’ This was untrue I am not even faintly like a rose She was only extemporizing but a stirring warmth flowed from her as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling word threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and 18 The Great Gatsby went into the house Miss Baker and I exchanged a short glance conscious- ly devoid of meaning I was about to speak when she sat up alertly and said ‘Sh!’ in a warning voice A subdued im- passioned murmur was audible in the room beyond and Miss Baker leaned forward, unashamed, trying to hear The murmur trembled on the verge of coherence, sank down, mounted excitedly, and then ceased altogether ‘This Mr Gatsby you spoke of is my neighbor——’ I said ‘Don’t talk I want to hear what happens.’ ‘Is something happening?’ I inquired innocently ‘You mean to say you don’t know?’ said Miss Baker, hon- estly surprised ‘I thought everybody knew.’ ‘I don’t.’ ‘Why——’ she said hesitantly, ‘Tom’s got some woman in New York.’ ‘Got some woman?’ I repeated blankly Miss Baker nodded ‘She might have the decency not to telephone him at din- ner-time Don’t you think?’ Almost before I had grasped her meaning there was the flutter of a dress and the crunch of leather boots and Tom and Daisy were back at the table ‘It couldn’t be helped!’ cried Daisy with tense gayety She sat down, glanced searchingly at Miss Baker and then at me and continued: ‘I looked outdoors for a minute and it’s very romantic outdoors There’s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightin Cunard Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 19 or White Star Line He’s singing away——’ her voice sang ‘——It’s romantic, isn’t it, Tom?’ ‘Very romantic,’ he said, and then miserably to me: ‘If it’s light enough after dinner I want to take you down to the stables.’ The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact all subjects, vanished into air Among the broken fragments of the last five minutes at table I remember the candles being lit again, pointlessly, and I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one and yet to avoid all eyes I couldn’t guess what Daisy and Tom were thinking but I doubt if even Miss Baker who seemed to have mastered a certain hardy skepticism was able utterly to put this fifth guest’s shrill me- tallic urgency out of mind To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing—my own instinct was to telephone immediately for the police The horses, needless to say, were not mentioned again Tom and Miss Baker, with several feet of twilight between them strolled back into the library, as if to a vigil beside a perfectly tangible body, while trying to look pleasantly in- terested and a little deaf I followed Daisy around a chain of connecting verandas to the porch in front In its deep gloom we sat down side by side on a wicker settee Daisy took her f feeling its love- ly shape, and her eyes moved gradually out into the velvet dusk I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions about her little girl 20 The Great Gatsby ‘We don’t know each other very well, Nick,’ she said suddenly ‘Even if we are cousins You didn’t come to my wedding.’ ‘I wasn’t back from the war.’ ‘That’s true.’ She hesitated ‘Well, I’ve had a very bad time, Nick, and I’m pretty cynical about everything.’ Evidently she had reason to be I waited but she didn’t say any more, and after a moment I returned rather feebly to the subject of her daughter ‘I suppose she talks, and—eats, and everything.’ ‘Oh, yes.’ She looked at me absently ‘Listen, Nick; let me tell you what I said when she was born Would you like to hear?’ ‘Very much.’ ‘It’ll show you how I’ve gotten to feel about—things Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’ ‘You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,’ she went on in a convinced way ‘Everybody thinks so—the most ad- vanced I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.’ Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn ‘Sophisticated—God, I’m sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 21 attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said It made me uneasy, as though the whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributory emo- tion from me I waited, and sure enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged Inside, the crimson room bloomed with light Tom and Miss Baker sat at either end of the long couch and she read aloud to him from the ‘Saturday Evening Post’—the words, murmurous and uninflected, running together in a sooth- ing tune The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair, glinted along the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender muscles in her arms When we came in she held us silent for a moment with a lifted hand ‘To be continued,’ she said, tossing the magazine on the table, ‘in our very next issue.’ Her body asserted itself with a restless movement of her knee, and she stood up ‘Ten o’clock,’ she finding the time on the ceiling ‘Time for this good girl to go to bed.’ ‘Jordan’s going to play in the tournament tomorrow,’ ex- plained Daisy, ‘over at Westchester.’ ‘Oh,—you’re JORdan Baker.’ I knew now why her face was familiar—its pleasing con- temptuous expression had looked out at me from many rotogravure pictures of the sporting life at Asheville and 22 The Great Gatsby Hot Springs and Palm Beach I had heard some story of her too, a critical, unpleasant story, but what it was I had forgot- ten long ago ‘Good night,’ she said softly ‘Wake me at eight, won’t you.’ ‘If you’ll get up.’ ‘I will Good night, Mr Carraway See you anon.’ ‘Of course you will,’ confirmed Daisy ‘In fact I think I’ll arrange a marriage Come over often, Nick, and I’ll sort of—oh—fling you together You know—lock you up acci- dentally in linen closets and push you out to sea in a boat, and all that sort of thing——‘ ‘Good night,’ called Miss Baker from the stairs ‘I haven’t heard a word.’ ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Tom after a moment ‘They oughtn’t to let her run around the country this way.’ ‘Who oughtn’t to?’ inquired Daisy coldly ‘Her family.’ ‘Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old Be- sides, Nick’s going to look after her, aren’t you, Nick? She’s going to spend lots of week-ends out here this summer I think the home influence will be very good for her.’ Daisy and Tom loo moment in si- lence ‘Is she from New York?’ I asked quickly ‘From Louisville Our white girlhood was passed togeth- er there Our beautiful white——‘ ‘Did you give Nick a little heart to heart talk on the ve- randa?’ demanded Tom suddenly Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 23 ‘Did I?’ She looked at me ‘I can’t seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race Yes, I’m sure we did It sort of crept up on us and first thing you know——‘ ‘Don’t believe everything you hear, Nick,’ he advised me I said lightly that I had heard nothing at all, and a few minutes later I got up to go home They came to the door with me and stood side by side in a cheerful square of light As I started my motor Daisy peremptorily called ‘Wait! ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important We heard you were engaged to a girl out West.’ ‘That’s right,’ corroborated Tom kindly ‘We heard that you were engaged.’ ‘It’s libel I’m too poor.’ ‘But we heard it,’ insisted Daisy, surprising me by open- ing up again in a flower-like way ‘We heard it from three people so it must be true.’ Of course I knew what they were referring to, but I wasn’t even vaguely engaged The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east You can’t stop going with an old friend on account of rumors and on the other hand I had no intention of being rumored into marriag touched me and made them less remotely rich—nevertheless, I was confused and a little dis- gusted as I drove away It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to was to rush out of the house, child in arms—but apparently there were no such intentions in her head As for Tom, the fact that he ‘had some woman in New York’ was 24 The Great Gatsby really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roofs and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard The wind had blown off, leaving a loud bright night with wings beating in the trees and a persistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life The silhouette of a moving cat wa- vered across the moonlight and turning my head to watch it I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars Something in his leisurely move- ments and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn sug Gatsby himself, come out to deter- mine what share was his of our local heavens I decided to call to him Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner, and that would for an introduction But I didn’t call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock When I looked once more for Gatsby he had van- Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 25 ished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness obr76817_ch07_270-306.indd Page 270 8/13/10 2:58 PM user-f494 /Volumes/203/MHBR178/sLa1719X_disk1of1/007731719X/sLa1719X_pagefiles cally ‘It’s about the butler’s nose Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?’ ‘That’s why I came over tonight.’ ‘Well, he wasn’t always a butler; he used to be the sil- ver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people He had to polish it from morning till night until finally it began to affect his nose— —‘ ‘Things went from bad to worse,’ suggested Miss Baker ‘Yes Things went from bad to worse until finally he had to give up his position.’ For a moment the last sunshine fell with romantic affec- tion upon her glowing face; her voice compelled me forward breathlessly as I listened—then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk The butler came back and murmured something close to Tom’s ear whereupon Tom frowned, pushed back his chair and without a word went inside As if his absence quickened something within her Daisy leaned forward again, her voice glowing and singing ‘I love to see you at my table, Nick You remind me of a— of a rose, an absolute rose Doesn’t he?’ She turned to Miss Baker for confirmation ‘An absolute rose?’ This was untrue I am not even faintly like a rose She was only extemporizing but a stirring warmth flowed from her as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling words Then suddenly she threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and 18 The Great Gatsby went into the house Miss Baker and I exchanged a short glance conscious- ly devoid of meaning I was about to speak when she sat up alertly and said ‘Sh!’ in a warning voice A subdued im- passioned murmur was audible in the room beyond and Miss Baker leaned forward, unashamed, trying to hear The murmur trembled on the verge of coherence, sank down, mounted excitedly, and then ceased altogether ‘This Mr Gatsby you spoke of is my neighbor——’ I said ‘Don’t talk I want to hear what happens.’ ‘Is something happening?’ I inquired innocently ‘You mean to say you don’t know?’ said Miss Baker, hon- estly surprised ‘I thought everybody knew.’ ‘I don’t.’ ‘Why——’ she said hesitantly, ‘Tom’s got some woman in New York.’ ‘Got some woman?’ I repeated blankly Miss Baker nodded ‘She might have the decency not to telephone him at din- ner-time Don’t you think?’ Almost before I had grasped her meaning there was the flutter of a dress and the crunch of leather boots and Tom and Daisy were back at the table ‘It couldn’t be helped!’ cried Daisy with tense gayety She sat down, glanced searchingly at Miss Baker and then at me and continued: ‘I looked outdoors for a minute and it’s very romantic outdoors There’s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightingale come over on the Cunard Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 19 or White Star Line He’s singing away——’ her voice sang ‘——It’s romantic, isn’t it, Tom?’ ‘Very romantic,’ he said, and then miserably to me: ‘If it’s light enough after dinner I want to take you down to the stables.’ The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact all subjects, vanished into air Among the broken fragments of the last five minutes at table I remember the candles being lit again, pointlessly, and I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one and yet to avoid all eyes I couldn’t guess what Daisy and Tom were thinking but I doubt if even Miss Baker who seemed to have mastered a certain hardy skepticism was able utterly to put this fifth guest’s shrill me- tallic urgency out of mind To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing—my own instinct was to telephone immediately for the police The horses, needless to say, were not mentioned again Tom and Miss Baker, with several feet of twilight between them strolled back into the library, as if to a vigil beside a perfectly tangible body, while trying to look pleasantly in- terested and a little deaf I followed Daisy around a chain of connecting verandas to the porch in front In its deep gloom we sat down side by side on a wicker settee Daisy took her face in her hands, as if feeling its love- ly shape, and her eyes moved gradually out into the velvet dusk I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions about her little girl 20 The Great Gatsby ‘We don’t know each other very well, Nick,’ she said suddenly ‘Even if we are cousins You didn’t come to my wedding.’ ‘I wasn’t back from the war.’ ‘That’s true.’ She hesitated ‘Well, I’ve had a very bad time, Nick, and I’m pretty cynical about everything.’ Evidently she had reason to be I waited but she didn’t say any more, and after a moment I returned rather feebly to the subject of her daughter ‘I suppose she talks, and—eats, and everything.’ ‘Oh, yes.’ She looked at me absently ‘Listen, Nick; let me tell you what I said when she was born Would you like to hear?’ ‘Very much.’ ‘It’ll show you how I’ve gotten to feel about—things Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’ ‘You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,’ she went on in a convinced way ‘Everybody thinks so—the most ad- vanced people And I KNOW Management Challenges I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.’ Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn ‘Sophisticated—God, I’m sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 21 attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said It made me uneasy, as though the whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributory emo- tion from me I waited, and sure enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged Inside, the crimson room bloomed with light Tom and Miss Baker sat at either end of the long couch and she read aloud to him from the ‘Saturday Evening Post’—the words, murmurous and uninflected, running together in a sooth- ing tune The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair, glinted along the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender muscles in her arms When we came in she held us silent for a moment with a lifted hand ‘To be continued,’ she said, tossing the magazine on the table, ‘in our very next issue.’ Her body asserted itself with a restless movement of her knee, and she stood up ‘Ten o’clock,’ she remarked, apparently MODULE III finding the time on the ceiling ‘Time for this good girl to go to bed.’ ‘Jordan’s going to play in the tournament tomorrow,’ ex- plained Daisy, ‘over at Westchester.’ ‘Oh,—you’re JORdan Baker.’ I knew now why her face was familiar—its pleasing con- temptuous expression had looked out at me from many rotogravure pictures of the sporting life at Asheville and 22 The Great Gatsby Hot Springs and Palm Beach I had heard some story of her too, a critical, unpleasant story, but what it was I had forgot- ten long ago ‘Good night,’ she said softly ‘Wake me at eight, won’t you.’ ‘If you’ll get up.’ ‘I will Good night, Mr Carraway See you anon.’ ‘Of course you will,’ confirmed Daisy ‘In fact I think I’ll arrange a marriage Come over often, Nick, and I’ll sort of—oh—fling you together You know—lock you up acci- dentally in linen closets and push you out to sea in a boat, and all that sort of thing——‘ ‘Good night,’ called Miss Baker from the stairs ‘I haven’t heard a word.’ ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Tom after a moment ‘They oughtn’t to let her run around the country this way.’ ‘Who oughtn’t to?’ inquired Daisy coldly ‘Her family.’ ‘Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old Be- sides, Nick’s going to look after her, aren’t you, Nick? She’s going to spend lots of week-ends out here this summer I think the home influence will be very good for her.’ Daisy and Tom looked at each other for a Business Applications Module III Information Technologies moment in si- lence ‘Is she from New York?’ I asked quickly ‘From Louisville Our white girlhood was passed togeth- er there Our beautiful white——‘ ‘Did you give Nick a little heart to heart talk on the ve- randa?’ demanded Tom suddenly Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 23 ‘Did I?’ She looked at me ‘I can’t seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race Yes, I’m sure we did It sort of crept up on us and first thing you know——‘ ‘Don’t believe everything you hear, Nick,’ he advised me I said lightly that I had heard nothing at all, and a few minutes later I got up to go home They came to the door with me and stood side by side in a cheerful square of light As I started my motor Daisy peremptorily called ‘Wait! ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important We heard you were engaged to a girl out West.’ ‘That’s right,’ corroborated Tom kindly ‘We heard that you were engaged.’ ‘It’s libel I’m too poor.’ ‘But we heard it,’ insisted Daisy, surprising me by open- ing up again in a flower-like way ‘We heard it from three people so it must be true.’ Of course I knew what they were referring to, but I wasn’t even vaguely engaged The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east You can’t stop going with an old friend on account of rumors and on the other hand I had no intention of being rumored into marriage Their interest rather touched me and made them less remotely rich—nevertheless, I was confused and a little dis- gusted as I drove away It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to was to rush out of the house, child in arms—but apparently there were no such intentions in her head As for Tom, the fact that he ‘had some woman in New York’ was 24 The Great Gatsby really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roofs and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard The wind had blown off, leaving a loud bright night with wings beating in the trees and a persistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life The silhouette of a moving cat wa- vered across the moonlight and turning my head to watch it I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars Something in his leisurely move- ments and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr Gatsby himself, come out to deter- mine what share was his of our local heavens I decided to call to him Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner, and that would for an introduction But I didn’t call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock When I looked once more for Gatsby he had van- Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 25 ished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness Development Processes Foundation Concepts BUSINESS APPLICATIONS H ow internet technologies and other forms of IT support business processes, e-commerce, and business decision making? The four chapters of this module show you how such business applications of information systems are accomplished in today’s networked enterprises • Chapter 7: e-Business Systems describes how information systems integrate • • • 270 and support enterprisewide business processes, as well as the business functions of marketing, manufacturing, human resource management, accounting, and finance Chapter 8: Enterprise Business Systems outlines the goals and components of customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning, and supply chain management, and discusses the benefits and challenges of these major enterprise applications Chapter 9: e-Commerce Systems introduces the basic process components of e-commerce systems, and discusses important trends, applications, and issues in e-commerce Chapter 10: Supporting Decision Making shows how management information systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, expert systems, and artificial intelligence technologies can be applied to decision-making situations faced by business managers and professionals in today’s dynamic business environment obr76817_ch07_270-306.indd Page 271 8/13/10 2:58 PM user-f494 /Volumes/203/MHBR178/sLa1719X_disk1of1/007731719X/sLa1719X_pagefiles cally ‘It’s about the butler’s nose Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?’ ‘That’s why I came over tonight.’ ‘Well, he wasn’t always a butler; he used to be the sil- ver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people He had to polish it from morning till night until finally it began to affect his nose— —‘ ‘Things went from bad to worse,’ suggested Miss Baker ‘Yes Things went from bad to worse until finally he had to give up his position.’ For a moment the last sunshine fell with romantic affec- tion upon her glowing face; her voice compelled me forward breathlessly as I listened—then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk The butler came back and murmured something close to Tom’s ear whereupon Tom frowned, pushed back his chair and without a word went inside As if his absence quickened something within her Daisy leaned forward again, her voice glowing and singing ‘I love to see you at my table, Nick You remind me of a— of a rose, an absolute rose Doesn’t he?’ She turned to Miss Baker for confirmation ‘An absolute rose?’ This was untrue I am not even faintly like a rose She was only extemporizing but a stirring warmth flowed from her as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling words Then suddenly she threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and 18 The Great Gatsby went into the house Miss Baker and I exchanged a short glance conscious- ly devoid of meaning I was about to speak when she sat up alertly and said ‘Sh!’ in a warning voice A subdued im- passioned murmur was audible in the room beyond and Miss Baker leaned forward, unashamed, trying to hear The murmur trembled on the verge of coherence, sank down, mounted excitedly, and then ceased altogether ‘This Mr Gatsby you spoke of is my neighbor——’ I said ‘Don’t talk I want to hear what happens.’ ‘Is something happening?’ I inquired innocently ‘You mean to say you don’t know?’ said Miss Baker, hon- estly surprised ‘I thought everybody knew.’ ‘I don’t.’ ‘Why——’ she said hesitantly, ‘Tom’s got some woman in New York.’ ‘Got some woman?’ I repeated blankly Miss Baker nodded ‘She might have the decency not to telephone him at din- ner-time Don’t you think?’ Almost before I had grasped her meaning there was the flutter of a dress and the crunch of leather boots and Tom and Daisy were back at the table ‘It couldn’t be helped!’ cried Daisy with tense gayety She sat down, glanced searchingly at Miss Baker and then at me and continued: ‘I looked outdoors for a minute and it’s very romantic outdoors There’s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightingale come over on the Cunard Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 19 or White Star Line He’s singing away——’ her voice sang ‘——It’s romantic, isn’t it, Tom?’ ‘Very romantic,’ he said, and then miserably to me: ‘If it’s light enough after dinner I want to take you down to the stables.’ The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact all subjects, vanished into air Among the broken fragments of the last five minutes at table I remember the candles being lit again, pointlessly, and I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one and yet to avoid all eyes I couldn’t guess what Daisy and Tom were thinking but I doubt if even Miss Baker who seemed to have mastered a certain hardy skepticism was able utterly to put this fifth guest’s shrill me- tallic urgency out of mind To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing—my own instinct was to telephone immediately for the police The horses, needless to say, were not mentioned again Tom and Miss Baker, with several feet of twilight between them strolled back into the library, as if to a vigil beside a perfectly tangible body, while trying to look pleasantly in- terested and a little deaf I followed Daisy around a chain of connecting verandas to the porch in front In its deep gloom we sat down side by side on a wicker settee Daisy took her face in her hands, as if feeling its love- ly shape, and her eyes moved gradually out into the velvet dusk I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions about her little girl 20 The Great Gatsby ‘We don’t know each other very well, Nick,’ she said suddenly ‘Even if we are cousins You didn’t come to my wedding.’ ‘I wasn’t back from the war.’ ‘That’s true.’ She hesitated ‘Well, I’ve had a very bad time, Nick, and I’m pretty cynical about everything.’ Evidently she had reason to be I waited but she didn’t say any more, and after a moment I returned rather feebly to the subject of her daughter ‘I suppose she talks, and—eats, and everything.’ ‘Oh, yes.’ She looked at me absently ‘Listen, Nick; let me tell you what I said when she was born Would you like to hear?’ ‘Very much.’ ‘It’ll show you how I’ve gotten to feel about—things Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’ ‘You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,’ she went on in a convinced way ‘Everybody thinks so—the most ad- vanced people And I KNOW Management Challenges I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.’ Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn ‘Sophisticated—God, I’m sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 21 attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said It made me uneasy, as though the whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributory emo- tion from me I waited, and sure enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged Inside, the crimson room bloomed with light Tom and Miss Baker sat at either end of the long couch and she read aloud to him from the ‘Saturday Evening Post’—the words, murmurous and uninflected, running together in a sooth- ing tune The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair, glinted along the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender muscles in her arms When we came in she held us silent for a moment with a lifted hand ‘To be continued,’ she said, tossing the magazine on the table, ‘in our very next issue.’ Her body asserted itself with a restless movement of her knee, and she stood up ‘Ten o’clock,’ she remarked, apparently CHAPTER finding the time on the ceiling ‘Time for this good girl to go to bed.’ ‘Jordan’s going to play in the tournament tomorrow,’ ex- plained Daisy, ‘over at Westchester.’ ‘Oh,—you’re JORdan Baker.’ I knew now why her face was familiar—its pleasing con- temptuous expression had looked out at me from many rotogravure pictures of the sporting life at Asheville and 22 The Great Gatsby Hot Springs and Palm Beach I had heard some story of her too, a critical, unpleasant story, but what it was I had forgot- ten long ago ‘Good night,’ she said softly ‘Wake me at eight, won’t you.’ ‘If you’ll get up.’ ‘I will Good night, Mr Carraway See you anon.’ ‘Of course you will,’ confirmed Daisy ‘In fact I think I’ll arrange a marriage Come over often, Nick, and I’ll sort of—oh—fling you together You know—lock you up acci- dentally in linen closets and push you out to sea in a boat, and all that sort of thing——‘ ‘Good night,’ called Miss Baker from the stairs ‘I haven’t heard a word.’ ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Tom after a moment ‘They oughtn’t to let her run around the country this way.’ ‘Who oughtn’t to?’ inquired Daisy coldly ‘Her family.’ ‘Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old Be- sides, Nick’s going to look after her, aren’t you, Nick? She’s going to spend lots of week-ends out here this summer I think the home influence will be very good for her.’ Daisy and Tom looked at each other for a Business Applications Module III Information Technologies moment in si- lence ‘Is she from New York?’ I asked quickly ‘From Louisville Our white girlhood was passed togeth- er there Our beautiful white——‘ ‘Did you give Nick a little heart to heart talk on the ve- randa?’ demanded Tom suddenly Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 23 ‘Did I?’ She looked at me ‘I can’t seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race Yes, I’m sure we did It sort of crept up on us and first thing you know——‘ ‘Don’t believe everything you hear, Nick,’ he advised me I said lightly that I had heard nothing at all, and a few minutes later I got up to go home They came to the door with me and stood side by side in a cheerful square of light As I started my motor Daisy peremptorily called ‘Wait! ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important We heard you were engaged to a girl out West.’ ‘That’s right,’ corroborated Tom kindly ‘We heard that you were engaged.’ ‘It’s libel I’m too poor.’ ‘But we heard it,’ insisted Daisy, surprising me by open- ing up again in a flower-like way ‘We heard it from three people so it must be true.’ Of course I knew what they were referring to, but I wasn’t even vaguely engaged The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east You can’t stop going with an old friend on account of rumors and on the other hand I had no intention of being rumored into marriage Their interest rather touched me and made them less remotely rich—nevertheless, I was confused and a little dis- gusted as I drove away It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to was to rush out of the house, child in arms—but apparently there were no such intentions in her head As for Tom, the fact that he ‘had some woman in New York’ was 24 The Great Gatsby really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roofs and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard The wind had blown off, leaving a loud bright night with wings beating in the trees and a persistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life The silhouette of a moving cat wa- vered across the moonlight and turning my head to watch it I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars Something in his leisurely move- ments and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr Gatsby himself, come out to deter- mine what share was his of our local heavens I decided to call to him Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner, and that would for an introduction But I didn’t call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock When I looked once more for Gatsby he had van- Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 25 ished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness Development Processes Foundation Concepts e-BUSINESS SYSTEMS Ch apt er Highligh t s L ea r n i n g O bj ect i v e s Section I e-Business Systems After reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to: Introduction Cross-Functional Enterprise Applications Real World Case: Toyota Europe, Campbell Soup Company, Sony Pictures, and W W Grainger: Making the Case for Enterprise Architects Enterprise Application Integration Transaction Processing Systems Enterprise Collaboration Systems Identify the following cross-functional enterprise systems, and give examples of how they can provide significant business value to a company: Section II Functional Business Systems Introduction Marketing Systems Real World Case: Nationwide Insurance: Unified Financial Reporting and “One Version of the Truth” Manufacturing Systems Human Resource Systems Accounting Systems Financial Management Systems Real World Case: Cisco Systems: Telepresence and the Future of Collaboration Real World Case: OHSU, Sony, Novartis, and Others: Strategic Information Systems—It’s HR’s Turn a Enterprise application integration b Transaction processing systems c Enterprise collaboration systems Give examples of how Internet and other information technologies support business processes within the business functions of accounting, finance, human resource management, marketing, and production and operations management 271 obr76817_ch07_270-306.indd Page 272 13/08/10 7:37 PM user-f501 /Users/user-f501/Desktop cally ‘It’s about the butler’s nose Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?’ ‘That’s why I came over tonight.’ ‘Well, he wasn’t always a butler; he used to be the sil- ver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people He had to polish it from morning till night until finally it began to affect his nose— —‘ ‘Things went from bad to worse,’ suggested Miss Baker ‘Yes Things went from bad to worse until finally he had to give up his position.’ For a moment the last sunshine fell with romantic affec- tion upon her glowing face; her voice compelled me forward breathlessly as I listened—then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk The butler came back and murmured something close to Tom’s ear whereupon Tom frowned, pushed back his chair and without a word went inside As if his absence quickened something within her Daisy leaned forward again, her voice glowing and singing ‘I love to see you at my table, Nick You remind me of a— of a rose, an absolute rose Doesn’t he?’ She turned to Miss Baker for confirmation ‘An absolute rose?’ This was untrue I am not even faintly like a rose She was only extemporizing but a stirring warmth flowed from her as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling words Then suddenly she threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and 18 The Great Gatsby went into the house Miss Baker and I exchanged a short glance conscious- ly devoid of meaning I was about to speak when she sat up alertly and said ‘Sh!’ in a warning voice A subdued im- passioned murmur was audible in the room beyond and Miss Baker leaned forward, unashamed, trying to hear The murmur trembled on the verge of coherence, sank down, mounted excitedly, and then ceased altogether ‘This Mr Gatsby you spoke of is my neighbor——’ I said ‘Don’t talk I want to hear what happens.’ ‘Is something happening?’ I inquired innocently ‘You mean to say you don’t know?’ said Miss Baker, hon- estly surprised ‘I thought everybody knew.’ ‘I don’t.’ ‘Why——’ she said hesitantly, ‘Tom’s got some woman in New York.’ ‘Got some woman?’ I repeated blankly Miss Baker nodded ‘She might have the decency not to telephone him at din- ner-time Don’t you think?’ Almost before I had grasped her meaning there was the flutter of a dress and the crunch of leather boots and Tom and Daisy were back at the table ‘It couldn’t be helped!’ cried Daisy with tense gayety She sat down, glanced searchingly at Miss Baker and then at me and continued: ‘I looked outdoors for a minute and it’s very romantic outdoors There’s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightingale come over on the Cunard Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 19 or White Star Line He’s singing away——’ her voice sang ‘——It’s romantic, isn’t it, Tom?’ ‘Very romantic,’ he said, and then miserably to me: ‘If it’s light enough after dinner I want to take you down to the stables.’ The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact all subjects, vanished into air Among the broken fragments of the last five minutes at table I remember the candles being lit again, pointlessly, and I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one and yet to avoid all eyes I couldn’t guess what Daisy and Tom were thinking but I doubt if even Miss Baker who seemed to have mastered a certain hardy skepticism was able utterly to put this fifth guest’s shrill me- tallic urgency out of mind To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing—my own instinct was to telephone immediately for the police The horses, needless to say, were not mentioned again Tom and Miss Baker, with several feet of twilight between them strolled back into the library, as if to a vigil beside a perfectly tangible body, while trying to look pleasantly in- terested and a little deaf I followed Daisy around a chain of connecting verandas to the porch in front In its deep gloom we sat down side by side on a wicker settee Daisy took her face in her hands, as if 272 ● Module III / Business Applications feeling its love- ly shape, and her eyes moved gradually out into the velvet dusk I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions about her little girl 20 The Great Gatsby ‘We don’t know each other very well, Nick,’ she said suddenly ‘Even if we are cousins You didn’t come to my wedding.’ ‘I wasn’t back from the war.’ ‘That’s true.’ She hesitated ‘Well, I’ve had a very bad time, Nick, and I’m pretty cynical about everything.’ Evidently she had reason to be I waited but she didn’t say any more, and after a moment I returned rather feebly to the subject of her daughter ‘I suppose she talks, and—eats, and everything.’ ‘Oh, yes.’ She looked at me absently ‘Listen, Nick; let me tell you what I said when she was born Would you like to hear?’ ‘Very much.’ ‘It’ll show you how I’ve gotten to feel about—things Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’ ‘You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,’ she went on in a convinced way ‘Everybody thinks so—the most ad- vanced people And I KNOW I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.’ Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn ‘Sophisticated—God, I’m sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 21 attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said It made me uneasy, as though the whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributory emo- tion from me I waited, and sure enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged Inside, the crimson room bloomed with light Tom and Miss Baker sat at either end of the long couch and she read aloud to him from the ‘Saturday Evening Post’—the words, murmurous and uninflected, running together in a sooth- ing tune The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair, glinted along the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender muscles in her arms When we came in she held us silent for a moment with a lifted hand ‘To be continued,’ she said, tossing the magazine on the table, ‘in our very next issue.’ Her body asserted itself with a restless movement of her knee, and she stood up ‘Ten o’clock,’ she remarked, apparently finding the time on the ceiling ‘Time for this good girl to go to bed.’ ‘Jordan’s going to play in the tournament tomorrow,’ ex- plained Daisy, ‘over at Westchester.’ ‘Oh,—you’re JORdan Baker.’ I knew now why her face was familiar—its pleasing con- temptuous expression had looked out at me from many rotogravure pictures of the sporting life at Asheville and 22 The Great Gatsby Hot Springs and Palm Beach I had heard some story of her too, a critical, unpleasant story, but what it was I had forgot- ten long ago ‘Good night,’ she said softly ‘Wake me at eight, won’t you.’ ‘If you’ll get up.’ ‘I will Good night, Mr Carraway See you anon.’ ‘Of course you will,’ confirmed Daisy ‘In fact I think I’ll arrange a marriage Come over often, Nick, and I’ll sort of—oh—fling you together You know—lock you up acci- dentally in linen closets and push you out to sea in a boat, and all that sort of thing——‘ ‘Good night,’ called Miss Baker from the stairs ‘I haven’t heard a word.’ ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Tom after a moment ‘They oughtn’t to let her run around the country this way.’ ‘Who oughtn’t to?’ inquired Daisy coldly ‘Her family.’ ‘Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old Be- sides, Nick’s going to look after her, aren’t you, Nick? She’s going to spend lots of week-ends out here this summer I think the home influence will be very good for her.’ Daisy and Tom looked at each other for a SECTION I e-Business Systems moment in si- lence ‘Is she from New York?’ I asked quickly ‘From Louisville Our white girlhood was passed togeth- er there Our beautiful white——‘ ‘Did you give Nick a little heart to heart talk on the ve- randa?’ demanded Tom suddenly Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 23 ‘Did I?’ She looked at me ‘I can’t seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race Yes, I’m sure we did It sort of crept up on us and first thing you know——‘ ‘Don’t believe everything you hear, Nick,’ he advised me I said lightly that I had heard nothing at all, and a few minutes later I got up to go home They came to the door with me and stood side by side in a cheerful square of light As I started my motor Daisy peremptorily called ‘Wait! ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important We heard you were engaged to a girl out West.’ ‘That’s right,’ corroborated Tom kindly ‘We heard that you were engaged.’ ‘It’s libel I’m too poor.’ ‘But we heard it,’ insisted Daisy, surprising me by open- ing up again in a flower-like way ‘We heard it from three people so it must be true.’ Of course I knew what they were referring to, but I wasn’t even vaguely engaged The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east You can’t stop going with an old friend on account of rumors and on the other hand I had no intention of being rumored into marriage Their interest rather touched me and made them less remotely rich—nevertheless, I was confused and a little dis- gusted as I drove away It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to was to rush out of the house, child in arms—but apparently there were no such intentions in her head As for Tom, the fact that he ‘had some woman in New York’ was 24 The Great Gatsby really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roofs and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard The wind had blown off, leaving a loud bright night with wings beating in the trees and a persistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life The silhouette of a moving cat wa- vered across the moonlight and turning my head to watch it I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars Something in his leisurely move- ments and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr Gatsby himself, come out to deter- mine what share was his of our local heavens I decided to call to him Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner, and that would for an introduction But I didn’t call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock When I looked once more for Gatsby he had van- Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 25 ished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness Introduction Contrary to popular opinion, e-business is not synonymous with e-commerce E-business is much broader in scope, going beyond transactions to signify use of the Internet, in combination with other technologies and forms of electronic communication, to enable any type of business activity This chapter introduces the fast-changing world of business applications of information technology, which increasingly consists of what is popularly called e-business applications Remember that e-business, a term originally coined by Lou Gerstner, CEO of IBM, is the use of the Internet and other networks and information technologies to support e-commerce, enterprise communications and collaboration, and Web-enabled business processes, both within a networked enterprise and with its customers and business partners E-business includes e-commerce, which involves the buying and selling and marketing and servicing of products, services, and information over the Internet and other networks We will cover e-commerce in Chapter In this chapter, we will explore some of the major concepts and applications of e-business We will begin by focusing in Section I on examples of cross-functional enterprise systems, which serve as a foundation for more in-depth coverage of enterprisewide business systems such as customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning, and supply chain management in Chapter In Section II, we will explore examples of information systems that support essential processes in the functional areas of business Read the Real World Case on the next page We can learn a lot from this case about the challenging work of enterprise architects See Figure 7.1 CrossFunctional Enterprise Applications Many companies today are using information technology to develop integrated crossfunctional enterprise systems that cross the boundaries of traditional business functions in order to reengineer and improve vital business processes all across the enterprise These organizations view cross-functional enterprise systems as a strategic way to use IT to share information resources and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of business processes, and develop strategic relationships with customers, suppliers, and business partners See Figure 7.2, which illustrates a cross-functional business process Companies first moved from functional mainframe-based legacy systems to integrated cross-functional client/server applications This typically involved installing enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, or customer relationship management software from SAP America, PeopleSoft, Oracle, and others Instead of focusing on the information processing requirements of business functions, such enterprise software focuses on supporting integrated clusters of business processes involved in the operations of a business Now, as we see continually in the Real World Cases in this text, business firms are using Internet technologies to help them reengineer and integrate the flow of information among their internal business processes and their customers and suppliers Companies all across the globe are using the World Wide Web and their intranets and extranets as a technology platform for their cross-functional and interenterprise information systems Enterprise Application Architecture Figure 7.3 presents an enterprise application architecture, which illustrates the interrelationships of the major cross-functional enterprise applications that many companies have or are installing today This architecture does not provide a detailed or exhaustive application blueprint, but it provides a conceptual framework to help you obr76817_ch07_270-306.indd Page 273 8/13/10 2:58 PM user-f494 /Volumes/203/MHBR178/sLa1719X_disk1of1/007731719X/sLa1719X_pagefiles cally ‘It’s about the butler’s nose Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?’ ‘That’s why I came over tonight.’ ‘Well, he wasn’t always a butler; he used to be the sil- ver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people He had to polish it from morning till night until finally it began to affect his nose— —‘ ‘Things went from bad to worse,’ suggested Miss Baker ‘Yes Things went from bad to worse until finally he had to give up his position.’ For a moment the last sunshine fell with romantic affec- tion upon her glowing face; her voice compelled me forward breathlessly as I listened—then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk The butler came back and murmured something close to Tom’s ear whereupon Tom frowned, pushed back his chair and without a word went inside As if his absence quickened something within her Daisy leaned forward again, her voice glowing and singing ‘I love to see you at my table, Nick You remind me of a— of a rose, an absolute rose Doesn’t he?’ She turned to Miss Baker for confirmation ‘An absolute rose?’ This was untrue I am not even faintly like a rose She was only extemporizing but a stirring warmth flowed from her as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling words Then suddenly she threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and 18 The Great Gatsby went into the house Miss Baker and I exchanged a short glance conscious- ly devoid of meaning I was about to speak when she sat up alertly and said ‘Sh!’ in a warning voice A subdued im- passioned murmur was audible in the room beyond and Miss Baker leaned forward, unashamed, trying to hear The murmur trembled on the verge of coherence, sank down, mounted excitedly, and then ceased altogether ‘This Mr Gatsby you spoke of is my neighbor——’ I said ‘Don’t talk I want to hear what happens.’ ‘Is something happening?’ I inquired innocently ‘You mean to say you don’t know?’ said Miss Baker, hon- estly surprised ‘I thought everybody knew.’ ‘I don’t.’ ‘Why——’ she said hesitantly, ‘Tom’s got some woman in New York.’ ‘Got some woman?’ I repeated blankly Miss Baker nodded ‘She might have the decency not to telephone him at din- ner-time Don’t you think?’ Almost before I had grasped her meaning there was the flutter of a dress and the crunch of leather boots and Tom and Daisy were back at the table ‘It couldn’t be helped!’ cried Daisy with tense gayety She sat down, glanced searchingly at Miss Baker and then at me and continued: ‘I looked outdoors for a minute and it’s very romantic outdoors There’s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightingale come over on the Cunard Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 19 or White Star Line He’s singing away——’ her voice sang ‘——It’s romantic, isn’t it, Tom?’ ‘Very romantic,’ he said, and then miserably to me: ‘If it’s light enough after dinner I want to take you down to the stables.’ The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact all subjects, vanished into air Among the broken fragments of the last five minutes at table I remember the candles being lit again, pointlessly, and I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one and yet to avoid all eyes I couldn’t guess what Daisy and Tom were thinking but I doubt if even Miss Baker who seemed to have mastered a certain hardy skepticism was able utterly to put this fifth guest’s shrill me- tallic urgency out of mind To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing—my own instinct was to telephone immediately for the police The horses, needless to say, were not mentioned again Tom and Miss Baker, with several feet of twilight between them strolled back into the library, as if to a vigil beside a perfectly tangible body, while trying to look pleasantly in- terested and a little deaf I followed Daisy around a chain of connecting verandas to the porch in front In its deep gloom we sat down side by side on a wicker settee Daisy took her face in her hands, as if Toyota Europe, Campbell Soup Company, Sony Pictures, and W.W Grainger: Making the Case for Enterprise Architects feeling its love- ly shape, and her eyes moved gradually out into the velvet dusk I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions about her little girl 20 The Great Gatsby ‘We don’t know each other very well, Nick,’ she said suddenly ‘Even if we are cousins You didn’t come to my wedding.’ ‘I wasn’t back from the war.’ ‘That’s true.’ She hesitated ‘Well, I’ve had a very bad time, Nick, and I’m pretty cynical about everything.’ Evidently she had reason to be I waited but she didn’t say any more, and after a moment I returned rather feebly to the subject of her daughter ‘I suppose she talks, and—eats, and everything.’ ‘Oh, yes.’ She looked at me absently ‘Listen, Nick; let me tell you what I said when she was born Would you like to hear?’ ‘Very much.’ ‘It’ll show you how I’ve gotten to feel about—things Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’ ‘You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,’ she went on in a convinced way ‘Everybody thinks so—the most ad- vanced people And I KNOW I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.’ Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn ‘Sophisticated—God, I’m sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 21 attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said It made me uneasy, as though the whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributory emo- tion from me I waited, and sure enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged Inside, the crimson room bloomed with light Tom and Miss Baker sat at either end of the long couch and she read aloud to him from the ‘Saturday Evening Post’—the words, murmurous and uninflected, running together in a sooth- ing tune The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair, glinted along the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender muscles in her arms When we came in she held us silent for a moment with a lifted hand ‘To be continued,’ she said, tossing the magazine on the table, ‘in our very next issue.’ Her body asserted itself with a restless movement of her knee, and she stood up ‘Ten o’clock,’ she remarked, apparently REAL WORLD finding the time on the ceiling ‘Time for this good girl to go to bed.’ ‘Jordan’s going to play in the tournament tomorrow,’ ex- plained Daisy, ‘over at Westchester.’ ‘Oh,—you’re JORdan Baker.’ I knew now why her face was familiar—its pleasing con- temptuous expression had looked out at me from many rotogravure pictures of the sporting life at Asheville and 22 The Great Gatsby Hot Springs and Palm Beach I had heard some story of her too, a critical, unpleasant story, but what it was I had forgot- ten long ago ‘Good night,’ she said softly ‘Wake me at eight, won’t you.’ ‘If you’ll get up.’ ‘I will Good night, Mr Carraway See you anon.’ ‘Of course you will,’ confirmed Daisy ‘In fact I think I’ll arrange a marriage Come over often, Nick, and I’ll sort of—oh—fling you together You know—lock you up acci- dentally in linen closets and push you out to sea in a boat, and all that sort of thing——‘ ‘Good night,’ called Miss Baker from the stairs ‘I haven’t heard a word.’ ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Tom after a moment ‘They oughtn’t to let her run around the country this way.’ ‘Who oughtn’t to?’ inquired Daisy coldly ‘Her family.’ ‘Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old Be- sides, Nick’s going to look after her, aren’t you, Nick? She’s going to spend lots of week-ends out here this summer I think the home influence will be very good for her.’ Daisy and Tom looked at each other for a moment in si- lence ‘Is she from New York?’ I asked quickly ‘From Louisville Our white girlhood was passed togeth- er there Our beautiful white——‘ ‘Did you give Nick a little heart to heart talk on the ve- randa?’ demanded Tom suddenly Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 23 ‘Did I?’ She looked at me ‘I can’t seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race Yes, I’m sure we did It sort of crept up on us and first thing you know——‘ ‘Don’t believe everything you hear, Nick,’ he advised me I said lightly that I had heard nothing at all, and a few minutes later I got up to go home They came to the door with me and stood side by side in a cheerful square of light As I started my motor Daisy peremptorily called ‘Wait! ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important We heard you were engaged to a girl out West.’ ‘That’s right,’ corroborated Tom kindly ‘We heard that you were engaged.’ ‘It’s libel I’m too poor.’ ‘But we heard it,’ insisted Daisy, surprising me by open- ing up again in a flower-like way ‘We heard it from three people so it must be true.’ Of course I knew what they were referring to, but I wasn’t even vaguely engaged The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east You can’t stop going with an old friend on account of rumors and on the other hand I had no intention of being rumored into marriage Their interest rather CASE touched me and made them less remotely rich—nevertheless, I was confused and a little dis- gusted as I drove away It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to was to rush out of the house, child in arms—but apparently there were no such intentions in her head As for Tom, the fact that he ‘had some woman in New York’ was 24 The Great Gatsby really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roofs and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard The wind had blown off, leaving a loud bright night with wings beating in the trees and a persistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life The silhouette of a moving cat wa- vered across the moonlight and turning my head to watch it I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars Something in his leisurely move- ments and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr Gatsby himself, come out to deter- mine what share was his of our local heavens I decided to call to him Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner, and that would for an introduction But I didn’t call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock When I looked once more for Gatsby he had van- Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 25 ished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness W hen technology infrastructure lines up with business projects like musicians in a marching band, you know you have a good enterprise architect on staff Enterprise architecture focuses on four crucial C’s: connection, collaboration, communication, and customers Imagine needing to manually log onto five different systems to create and track an order, or spending 20 hours to research a project because you didn’t know that the information already existed in another department These situations result from fragmentation and siloed thinking; the goal of enterprise architecture, on the other hand, is to create unity Enterprise architecture’s goal is IT that enables business strategy today and tomorrow, says Peter Heinckiens, chief enterprise architect at Toyota Europe “The ‘tomorrow’ part is especially important,” he says The enterprise architect must map, define, and standardize technology, data, and business processes to make that possible This means that the architect must have both a macro and micro view: It is necessary to understand the business strategy and translate this into an architectural approach (macro view), but also be able to work with individual projects and deliver very concrete guidance to these projects that focus on the suc- F IGUR E 7.1 Enterprise architects create unity out of siloed thinking and disparate applications Source: © Corbis/Photolibrary cessful delivery of the individual project within that macro view “The enterprise architect transforms tech-speak into the language of business solutions, and he knows what technology is needed to enable business strategy,” says Heinckiens In other words, an architect knows how to bridge silos An oft-used metaphor compares the enterprise architect’s role to that of the city planner, who also provides the road maps, zoning, common requirements, regulations, and strategy— albeit for a company, rather than for a city And this role is increasingly important as enterprise architecture itself becomes more important “Enterprise architecture’s roots are in the desire to serve what is best for the enterprise versus the individual department or project,” says Andy Croft, Campbell Soup Company’s vice president of IT-shared services Croft, who has the enterprise architect role at Campbell’s, speaks of the days when incompatible e-mail systems made employees within the same company unable to share information via e-mail Each department thought it needed its own brand of PC—even its own network or security system Finally, Croft says, “People lifted their heads and thought, maybe it’s more important to be able to work together rather than [sic] me having the ‘best.’” Enterprise architecture gained traction from the bottom up That siloed view on projects may come in the form of “I want to use this package” or “I want to build this application,” according to Heinckiens As an architect, he advises, it’s important to take a step back: Try to understand what problem the proposed project will solve Is there already a solution that covers the proposed area being researched? Does the proposed project fit into the wider picture? “Structurally, business units are silos—and therefore often have a limited view—but the enterprise architect ensures that the pieces of the wider-picture puzzle fit together,” says Heinckiens As an illustration, some projects use data that nobody else in the company will be interested in, whereas other projects use data that are useful and relevant to everyone in the company It is the enterprise architect’s job to figure out how to make the latter type available to the rest of the company, and one part of that task is creating compliance standards “It is important that this discussion takes place,” says Heinckiens “Then you see other discussions start to happen.” For example, who owns this data? Who should receive permission to access this data? What is a customer? For the marketing department, after-sale department, and finance department, the definition of customer is totally different, even though they refer to the same person In many companies, this process is ultimately formalized At Campbell’s, it’s called a blueprint Before a new project can be started, each technology area must review a proposed project to ensure that it fits into the overall strategy Achieving that impressive lockstep between business and IT takes time and practice, of course Not only that, but an 273 obr76817_ch07_270-306.indd Page 274 13/08/10 7:37 PM user-f501 /Users/user-f501/Desktop cally ‘It’s about the butler’s nose Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?’ ‘That’s why I came over tonight.’ ‘Well, he wasn’t always a butler; he used to be the sil- ver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people He had to polish it from morning till night until finally it began to affect his nose— —‘ ‘Things went from bad to worse,’ suggested Miss Baker ‘Yes Things went from bad to worse until finally he had to give up his position.’ For a moment the last sunshine fell with romantic affec- tion upon her glowing face; her voice compelled me forward breathlessly as I listened—then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk The butler came back and murmured something close to Tom’s ear whereupon Tom frowned, pushed back his chair and without a word went inside As if his absence quickened something within her Daisy leaned forward again, her voice glowing and singing ‘I love to see you at my table, Nick You remind me of a— of a rose, an absolute rose Doesn’t he?’ She turned to Miss Baker for confirmation ‘An absolute rose?’ This was untrue I am not even faintly like a rose She was only extemporizing but a stirring warmth flowed from her as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling words Then suddenly she threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and 18 The Great Gatsby went into the house Miss Baker and I exchanged a short glance conscious- ly devoid of meaning I was about to speak when she sat up alertly and said ‘Sh!’ in a warning voice A subdued im- passioned murmur was audible in the room beyond and Miss Baker leaned forward, unashamed, trying to hear The murmur trembled on the verge of coherence, sank down, mounted excitedly, and then ceased altogether ‘This Mr Gatsby you spoke of is my neighbor——’ I said ‘Don’t talk I want to hear what happens.’ ‘Is something happening?’ I inquired innocently ‘You mean to say you don’t know?’ said Miss Baker, hon- estly surprised ‘I thought everybody knew.’ ‘I don’t.’ ‘Why——’ she said hesitantly, ‘Tom’s got some woman in New York.’ ‘Got some woman?’ I repeated blankly Miss Baker nodded ‘She might have the decency not to telephone him at din- ner-time Don’t you think?’ Almost before I had grasped her meaning there was the flutter of a dress and the crunch of leather boots and Tom and Daisy were back at the table ‘It couldn’t be helped!’ cried Daisy with tense gayety She sat down, glanced searchingly at Miss Baker and then at me and continued: ‘I looked outdoors for a minute and it’s very romantic outdoors There’s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightingale come over on the Cunard Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 19 or White Star Line He’s singing away——’ her voice sang ‘——It’s romantic, isn’t it, Tom?’ ‘Very romantic,’ he said, and then miserably to me: ‘If it’s light enough after dinner I want to take you down to the stables.’ The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact all subjects, vanished into air Among the broken fragments of the last five minutes at table I remember the candles being lit again, pointlessly, and I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one and yet to avoid all eyes I couldn’t guess what Daisy and Tom were thinking but I doubt if even Miss Baker who seemed to have mastered a certain hardy skepticism was able utterly to put this fifth guest’s shrill me- tallic urgency out of mind To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing—my own instinct was to telephone immediately for the police The horses, needless to say, were not mentioned again Tom and Miss Baker, with several feet of twilight between them strolled back into the library, as if to a vigil beside a perfectly tangible body, while trying to look pleasantly in- terested and a little deaf I followed Daisy around a chain of connecting verandas to the porch in front In its deep gloom we sat down side by side on a wicker settee Daisy took her face in her hands, as if 274 ● Module III / Business Applications feeling its love- ly shape, and her eyes moved gradually out into the velvet dusk I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions about her little girl 20 The Great Gatsby ‘We don’t know each other very well, Nick,’ she said suddenly ‘Even if we are cousins You didn’t come to my wedding.’ ‘I wasn’t back from the war.’ ‘That’s true.’ She hesitated ‘Well, I’ve had a very bad time, Nick, and I’m pretty cynical about everything.’ Evidently she had reason to be I waited but she didn’t say any more, and after a moment I returned rather feebly to the subject of her daughter ‘I suppose she talks, and—eats, and everything.’ ‘Oh, yes.’ She looked at me absently ‘Listen, Nick; let me tell you what I said when she was born Would you like to hear?’ ‘Very much.’ ‘It’ll show you how I’ve gotten to feel about—things Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’ ‘You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,’ she went on in a convinced way ‘Everybody thinks so—the most ad- vanced people And I KNOW I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.’ Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn ‘Sophisticated—God, I’m sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 21 attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said It made me uneasy, as though the whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributory emo- tion from me I waited, and sure enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged Inside, the crimson room bloomed with light Tom and Miss Baker sat at either end of the long couch and she read aloud to him from the ‘Saturday Evening Post’—the words, murmurous and uninflected, running together in a sooth- ing tune The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair, glinted along the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender muscles in her arms When we came in she held us silent for a moment with a lifted hand ‘To be continued,’ she said, tossing the magazine on the table, ‘in our very next issue.’ Her body asserted itself with a restless movement of her knee, and she stood up ‘Ten o’clock,’ she remarked, apparently enterprise architect must be a voice that many kinds of people can understand, says Tim Ferrarell, CIO and senior vice president of enterprise systems at W W Grainger, a $6.4 billion distributor of heavy equipment Ideally, Ferrarell says, this person “can think at a strategic level and all the way down to the operating level and understand how to move up and down that chain of abstraction,” he says “And know how to deal with conflicts and trade-offs.” Is that all? Actually, no That person also has to gain the confidence of the senior leadership team, he says Execs must believe that the enterprise architect understands how the company works, where it wants to go, and how technology helps or hinders, he says Then, effective working relationships can bloom In 2006, Grainger went live with a companywide SAP project: 20 SAP modules and 30 additional applications that would touch 425 locations To help guard against what could go wrong in a big-bang cutover, Ferrarell took his team of about 20 enterprise architects off their regular jobs and assigned them to design and integration roles on the SAP project The SAP implementation was such an all-encompassing program that it made sense to repurpose the enterprise architects into key roles in the project Their broad business and technical knowledge made them very valuable team members, says Ferrarell Grainger’s senior business-side managers knew these architects and their business savvy firsthand, he explains The trust was there, which helped get IT the intense cooperation needed during and after the complicated launch Their architects played a significant role, not only in shaping the need for completion of the ERP project, but in ensuring that its design would enable their business requirements The SAP project succeeded, Ferrarell says, in part due to the institutional knowledge and business-IT translation skills the enterprise architects brought to it Other companies, though, have to be convinced of the enterprise architect’s criticality Sony Pictures Entertainment launched an enterprise architect role modestly in 2002, focused at first on technology issues only, says David Buckholtz, vice president of planning, enterprise architecture and quality at the media company He had to start small: Sony Pictures Entertainment didn’t even have a corporatewide IT department until the late 1990s, Buckholtz says The company grew from acquisitions and other deals that parent company Sony Corporation of America made in the 1980s and 1990s, such as the acquisition of Columbia TriStar movie studio (The Karate Kid and Ghost Busters) and the acquisition of Merv Griffin Enterprises (Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy) “We’re in a creative industry and people made a lot of decisions on their own,” he says Hence, no central IT until relatively recently and no strong belief in the importance of central IT, he says Buckholtz was hired from General Electric to start an enterprise architecture team because Sony Pictures wanted more efficiency and savings from IT, he says At first, he concentrated on classifying existing and future technology investments Categories include technologies in development where Sony is doing proofs of concept; technologies in pilot; current and supported; supported but older versions; those headed to retirement; and those that are obsolete and no longer supported except “under extreme duress,” Buckholtz says, laughing He began this way to demonstrate that IT could be businesslike: investing well, conscious of risk, and planning for the future “This is how you plan enterprise architecture when you don’t have business support yet We had to build up to that.” Once the architecture group has the enterprise IT house under control, it can look for ways to work with different business technology groups to build credibility beyond bits and bytes, he says One technique Buckholtz used was to install architects in different business groups to work on projects on business turf but using IT’s budget A free trial, in a sense By 2005, Buckholtz’s group had started a high-profile project with the digital media team to map out how Sony Pictures would digitize content for downloading to mobile phones and other devices He counts it as a success that the digital media group continues to use that road map today “We identified high-value work and we were all committed to it,” he says “It was not a group off somewhere, passing down standards.” As the economy tightens Sony Pictures must make its distribution chain as efficient as possible, he adds Movies, after all, are a discretionary expense for consumers, and if they pull back on luxuries, Sony Pictures will feel it Enterprise architects continuously reinforce to business-side counterparts the expected returns on IT projects as the temptation to cut spending grows “We make sure we close the loop and quantify harddollar costs and benefits for the CFO,” Buckholtz says finding the time on the ceiling ‘Time for this good girl to go to bed.’ ‘Jordan’s going to play in the tournament tomorrow,’ ex- plained Daisy, ‘over at Westchester.’ ‘Oh,—you’re JORdan Baker.’ I knew now why her face was familiar—its pleasing con- temptuous expression had looked out at me from many rotogravure pictures of the sporting life at Asheville and 22 The Great Gatsby Hot Springs and Palm Beach I had heard some story of her too, a critical, unpleasant story, but what it was I had forgot- ten long ago ‘Good night,’ she said softly ‘Wake me at eight, won’t you.’ ‘If you’ll get up.’ ‘I will Good night, Mr Carraway See you anon.’ ‘Of course you will,’ confirmed Daisy ‘In fact I think I’ll arrange a marriage Come over often, Nick, and I’ll sort of—oh—fling you together You know—lock you up acci- dentally in linen closets and push you out to sea in a boat, and all that sort of thing——‘ ‘Good night,’ called Miss Baker from the stairs ‘I haven’t heard a word.’ ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Tom after a moment ‘They oughtn’t to let her run around the country this way.’ ‘Who oughtn’t to?’ inquired Daisy coldly ‘Her family.’ ‘Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old Be- sides, Nick’s going to look after her, aren’t you, Nick? She’s going to spend lots of week-ends out here this summer I think the home influence will be very good for her.’ Daisy and Tom looked at each other for a moment in si- lence ‘Is she from New York?’ I asked quickly ‘From Louisville Our white girlhood was passed togeth- er there Our beautiful white——‘ ‘Did you give Nick a little heart to heart talk on the ve- randa?’ demanded Tom suddenly Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 23 ‘Did I?’ She looked at me ‘I can’t seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race Yes, I’m sure we did It sort of crept up on us and first thing you know——‘ ‘Don’t believe everything you hear, Nick,’ he advised me I said lightly that I had heard nothing at all, and a few minutes later I got up to go home They came to the door with me and stood side by side in a cheerful square of light As I started my motor Daisy peremptorily called ‘Wait! ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important We heard you were engaged to a girl out West.’ ‘That’s right,’ corroborated Tom kindly ‘We heard that you were engaged.’ ‘It’s libel I’m too poor.’ ‘But we heard it,’ insisted Daisy, surprising me by open- ing up again in a flower-like way ‘We heard it from three people so it must be true.’ Of course I knew what they were referring to, but I wasn’t even vaguely engaged The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east You can’t stop going with an old friend on account of rumors and on the other hand I had no intention of being rumored into marriage Their interest rather touched me and made them less remotely rich—nevertheless, I was confused and a little dis- gusted as I drove away It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to was to rush out of the house, child in arms—but apparently there were no such intentions in her head As for Tom, the fact that he ‘had some woman in New York’ was 24 The Great Gatsby really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roofs and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard The wind had blown off, leaving a loud bright night with wings beating in the trees and a persistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life The silhouette of a moving cat wa- vered across the moonlight and turning my head to watch it I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars Something in his leisurely move- ments and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr Gatsby himself, come out to deter- mine what share was his of our local heavens I decided to call to him Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner, and that would for an introduction But I didn’t call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock When I looked once more for Gatsby he had van- Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 25 ished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness CASE STUDY QUESTIONS What does the position of enterprise architect entail? What qualifications or experiences would you think a good enterprise architect should have? Support your answer with examples from the case Consider the different companies mentioned in the case and their experiences with enterprise architecture Does this approach seem to work better in certain types of companies or industries than in others? Why or why not? What is the value derived from companies with mature enterprise architectures? Can you see any disadvantages? Discuss Source: Adapted from Diann Daniel, “The Rising Importance of the Enterprise Architect,” CIO.com, March 31, 2007; and Kim S Nash, “The Case for Enterprise Architects,” CIO.com, December 23, 2008 REAL WORLD ACTIVITIES Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a recent approach to systems development and implementation that has much in common (and some differences, as well) with enterprise architecture Go online and research the similarities and differences Prepare a report to summarize your work Have you considered a career as an enterprise architect? What bundle of courses would you put together to design a major or a track in enterprise architecture? Break into small groups with your classmates to outline the major areas that should be covered obr76817_ch07_270-306.indd Page 275 8/13/10 2:58 PM user-f494 /Volumes/203/MHBR178/sLa1719X_disk1of1/007731719X/sLa1719X_pagefiles cally ‘It’s about the butler’s nose Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?’ ‘That’s why I came over tonight.’ ‘Well, he wasn’t always a butler; he used to be the sil- ver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people He had to polish it from morning till night until finally it began to affect his nose— —‘ ‘Things went from bad to worse,’ suggested Miss Baker ‘Yes Things went from bad to worse until finally he had to give up his position.’ For a moment the last sunshine fell with romantic affec- tion upon her glowing face; her voice compelled me forward breathlessly as I listened—then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk The butler came back and murmured something close to Tom’s ear whereupon Tom frowned, pushed back his chair and without a word went inside As if his absence quickened something within her Daisy leaned forward again, her voice glowing and singing ‘I love to see you at my table, Nick You remind me of a— of a rose, an absolute rose Doesn’t he?’ She turned to Miss Baker for confirmation ‘An absolute rose?’ This was untrue I am not even faintly like a rose She was only extemporizing but a stirring warmth flowed from her as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling words Then suddenly she threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and 18 The Great Gatsby went into the house Miss Baker and I exchanged a short glance conscious- ly devoid of meaning I was about to speak when she sat up alertly and said ‘Sh!’ in a warning voice A subdued im- passioned murmur was audible in the room beyond and Miss Baker leaned forward, unashamed, trying to hear The murmur trembled on the verge of coherence, sank down, mounted excitedly, and then ceased altogether ‘This Mr Gatsby you spoke of is my neighbor——’ I said ‘Don’t talk I want to hear what happens.’ ‘Is something happening?’ I inquired innocently ‘You mean to say you don’t know?’ said Miss Baker, hon- estly surprised ‘I thought everybody knew.’ ‘I don’t.’ ‘Why——’ she said hesitantly, ‘Tom’s got some woman in New York.’ ‘Got some woman?’ I repeated blankly Miss Baker nodded ‘She might have the decency not to telephone him at din- ner-time Don’t you think?’ Almost before I had grasped her meaning there was the flutter of a dress and the crunch of leather boots and Tom and Daisy were back at the table ‘It couldn’t be helped!’ cried Daisy with tense gayety She sat down, glanced searchingly at Miss Baker and then at me and continued: ‘I looked outdoors for a minute and it’s very romantic outdoors There’s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightingale come over on the Cunard Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 19 or White Star Line He’s singing away——’ her voice sang ‘——It’s romantic, isn’t it, Tom?’ ‘Very romantic,’ he said, and then miserably to me: ‘If it’s light enough after dinner I want to take you down to the stables.’ The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact all subjects, vanished into air Among the broken fragments of the last five minutes at table I remember the candles being lit again, pointlessly, and I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one and yet to avoid all eyes I couldn’t guess what Daisy and Tom were thinking but I doubt if even Miss Baker who seemed to have mastered a certain hardy skepticism was able utterly to put this fifth guest’s shrill me- tallic urgency out of mind To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing—my own instinct was to telephone immediately for the police The horses, needless to say, were not mentioned again Tom and Miss Baker, with several feet of twilight between them strolled back into the library, as if to a vigil beside a perfectly tangible body, while trying to look pleasantly in- terested and a little deaf I followed Daisy around a chain of connecting verandas to the porch in front In its deep gloom we sat down side by side on a wicker settee Daisy took her face in her hands, as if Chapter / e-Business Systems ● 275 feeling its love- ly shape, and her eyes moved gradually out into the velvet dusk I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions about her little girl 20 The Great Gatsby ‘We don’t know each other very well, Nick,’ she said suddenly ‘Even if we are cousins You didn’t come to my wedding.’ ‘I wasn’t back from the war.’ ‘That’s true.’ She hesitated ‘Well, I’ve had a very bad time, Nick, and I’m pretty cynical about everything.’ Evidently she had reason to be I waited but she didn’t say any more, and after a moment I returned rather feebly to the subject of her daughter ‘I suppose she talks, and—eats, and everything.’ ‘Oh, yes.’ She looked at me absently ‘Listen, Nick; let me tell you what I said when she was born Would you like to hear?’ ‘Very much.’ ‘It’ll show you how I’ve gotten to feel about—things Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’ ‘You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,’ she went on in a convinced way ‘Everybody thinks so—the most ad- vanced people And I KNOW I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.’ Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn ‘Sophisticated—God, I’m sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 21 attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said It made me uneasy, as though the whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributory emo- tion from me I waited, and sure enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged Inside, the crimson room bloomed with light Tom and Miss Baker sat at either end of the long couch and she read aloud to him from the ‘Saturday Evening Post’—the words, murmurous and uninflected, running together in a sooth- ing tune The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair, glinted along the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender muscles in her arms When we came in she held us silent for a moment with a lifted hand ‘To be continued,’ she said, tossing the magazine on the table, ‘in our very next issue.’ Her body asserted itself with a restless movement of her knee, and she stood up ‘Ten o’clock,’ she remarked, apparently F IGUR E 7.2 The new product development process in a manufacturing company This is an example of a business process that must be supported by cross-functional systems that cross the boundaries of several business functions finding the time on the ceiling ‘Time for this good girl to go to bed.’ ‘Jordan’s going to play in the tournament tomorrow,’ ex- plained Daisy, ‘over at Westchester.’ ‘Oh,—you’re JORdan Baker.’ I knew now why her face was familiar—its pleasing con- temptuous expression had looked out at me from many rotogravure pictures of the sporting life at Asheville and 22 The Great Gatsby Hot Springs and Palm Beach I had heard some story of her too, a critical, unpleasant story, but what it was I had forgot- ten long ago ‘Good night,’ she said softly ‘Wake me at eight, won’t you.’ ‘If you’ll get up.’ ‘I will Good night, Mr Carraway See you anon.’ ‘Of course you will,’ confirmed Daisy ‘In fact I think I’ll arrange a marriage Come over often, Nick, and I’ll sort of—oh—fling you together You know—lock you up acci- dentally in linen closets and push you out to sea in a boat, and all that sort of thing——‘ ‘Good night,’ called Miss Baker from the stairs ‘I haven’t heard a word.’ ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Tom after a moment ‘They oughtn’t to let her run around the country this way.’ ‘Who oughtn’t to?’ inquired Daisy coldly ‘Her family.’ ‘Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old Be- sides, Nick’s going to look after her, aren’t you, Nick? She’s going to spend lots of week-ends out here this summer I think the home influence will be very good for her.’ Daisy and Tom looked at each other for a moment in si- lence ‘Is she from New York?’ I asked quickly ‘From Louisville Our white girlhood was passed togeth- er there Our beautiful white——‘ ‘Did you give Nick a little heart to heart talk on the ve- randa?’ demanded Tom suddenly Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 23 ‘Did I?’ She looked at me ‘I can’t seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race Yes, I’m sure we did It sort of crept up on us and first thing you know——‘ ‘Don’t believe everything you hear, Nick,’ he advised me I said lightly that I had heard nothing at all, and a few minutes later I got up to go home They came to the door with me and stood side by side in a cheerful square of light As I started my motor Daisy peremptorily called ‘Wait! ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important We heard you were engaged to a girl out West.’ ‘That’s right,’ corroborated Tom kindly ‘We heard that you were engaged.’ ‘It’s libel I’m too poor.’ ‘But we heard it,’ insisted Daisy, surprising me by open- ing up again in a flower-like way ‘We heard it from three people so it must be true.’ Of course I knew what they were referring to, but I wasn’t even vaguely engaged The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east You can’t stop going with an old friend on account of rumors and on the other hand I had no intention of being rumored into marriage Their interest rather touched me and made them less remotely rich—nevertheless, I was confused and a little dis- gusted as I drove away It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to was to rush out of the house, child in arms—but apparently there were no such intentions in her head As for Tom, the fact that he ‘had some woman in New York’ was 24 The Great Gatsby really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roofs and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard The wind had blown off, leaving a loud bright night with wings beating in the trees and a persistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life The silhouette of a moving cat wa- vered across the moonlight and turning my head to watch it I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars Something in his leisurely move- ments and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr Gatsby himself, come out to deter- mine what share was his of our local heavens I decided to call to him Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner, and that would for an introduction But I didn’t call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock When I looked once more for Gatsby he had van- Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 25 ished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness Customer Feedback Market Research Market Test Component Design Product Test Product Release Process Design Equipment Design Production Start Manufacturing Marketing R & D/Engineering Source: Adapted from Mohan Sawhney and Jeff Zabin, Seven Steps to Nirvana: Strategic Insights into e-Business Transformation (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p 175 visualize the basic components, processes, and interfaces of these major e-business applications, and their interrelationships to each other This application architecture also spotlights the roles these business systems play in supporting the customers, suppliers, partners, and employees of a business Notice that instead of concentrating on traditional business functions or supporting only the internal business processes of a company, enterprise applications focus on accomplishing fundamental business processes in concert with a company’s customer, supplier, partner, and employee stakeholders Thus, enterprise resource planning (ERP) concentrates on the efficiency of a firm’s internal production, distribution, and financial processes Customer relationship management (CRM) focuses on acquiring and retaining profitable customers via marketing, sales, and service processes Partner relationship management (PRM) aims to acquire and retain partners who can enhance the sale and distribution of a firm’s products and services Supply chain management (SCM) focuses on developing the most efficient and effective sourcing and procurement processes with suppliers for the products and services that a business needs Knowledge management (KM) applications provide a firm’s employees with tools that support group collaboration and decision support We will discuss CRM, ERP, and SCM applications in detail in Chapter and cover KM applications in Chapter 10 Now let’s look at a real-world example of some of the challenges involved in rolling out global, cross-functional systems F IGUR E 7.3 Enterprise Resource Planning Internal Business Processes Customer Relationship Management Marketing • Sales • Service Customers Partners Supply Chain Management Sourcing • Procurement Partner Relationship Management Selling • Distribution Employees Knowledge Management Collaboration • Decision Support Suppliers This enterprise application architecture presents an overview of the major cross-functional enterprise applications and their interrelationships obr76817_ch07_270-306.indd Page 276 8/13/10 2:58 PM user-f494 /Volumes/203/MHBR178/sLa1719X_disk1of1/007731719X/sLa1719X_pagefiles cally ‘It’s about the butler’s nose Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?’ ‘That’s why I came over tonight.’ ‘Well, he wasn’t always a butler; he used to be the sil- ver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people He had to polish it from morning till night until finally it began to affect his nose— —‘ ‘Things went from bad to worse,’ suggested Miss Baker ‘Yes Things went from bad to worse until finally he had to give up his position.’ For a moment the last sunshine fell with romantic affec- tion upon her glowing face; her voice compelled me forward breathlessly as I listened—then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk The butler came back and murmured something close to Tom’s ear whereupon Tom frowned, pushed back his chair and without a word went inside As if his absence quickened something within her Daisy leaned forward again, her voice glowing and singing ‘I love to see you at my table, Nick You remind me of a— of a rose, an absolute rose Doesn’t he?’ She turned to Miss Baker for confirmation ‘An absolute rose?’ This was untrue I am not even faintly like a rose She was only extemporizing but a stirring warmth flowed from her as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling words Then suddenly she threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and 18 The Great Gatsby went into the house Miss Baker and I exchanged a short glance conscious- ly devoid of meaning I was about to speak when she sat up alertly and said ‘Sh!’ in a warning voice A subdued im- passioned murmur was audible in the room beyond and Miss Baker leaned forward, unashamed, trying to hear The murmur trembled on the verge of coherence, sank down, mounted excitedly, and then ceased altogether ‘This Mr Gatsby you spoke of is my neighbor——’ I said ‘Don’t talk I want to hear what happens.’ ‘Is something happening?’ I inquired innocently ‘You mean to say you don’t know?’ said Miss Baker, hon- estly surprised ‘I thought everybody knew.’ ‘I don’t.’ ‘Why——’ she said hesitantly, ‘Tom’s got some woman in New York.’ ‘Got some woman?’ I repeated blankly Miss Baker nodded ‘She might have the decency not to telephone him at din- ner-time Don’t you think?’ Almost before I had grasped her meaning there was the flutter of a dress and the crunch of leather boots and Tom and Daisy were back at the table ‘It couldn’t be helped!’ cried Daisy with tense gayety She sat down, glanced searchingly at Miss Baker and then at me and continued: ‘I looked outdoors for a minute and it’s very romantic outdoors There’s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightingale come over on the Cunard Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 19 or White Star Line He’s singing away——’ her voice sang ‘——It’s romantic, isn’t it, Tom?’ ‘Very romantic,’ he said, and then miserably to me: ‘If it’s light enough after dinner I want to take you down to the stables.’ The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact all subjects, vanished into air Among the broken fragments of the last five minutes at table I remember the candles being lit again, pointlessly, and I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one and yet to avoid all eyes I couldn’t guess what Daisy and Tom were thinking but I doubt if even Miss Baker who seemed to have mastered a certain hardy skepticism was able utterly to put this fifth guest’s shrill me- tallic urgency out of mind To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing—my own instinct was to telephone immediately for the police The horses, needless to say, were not mentioned again Tom and Miss Baker, with several feet of twilight between them strolled back into the library, as if to a vigil beside a perfectly tangible body, while trying to look pleasantly in- terested and a little deaf I followed Daisy around a chain of connecting verandas to the porch in front In its deep gloom we sat down side by side on a wicker settee Daisy took her face in her hands, as if 276 ● Module III / Business Applications feeling its love- ly shape, and her eyes moved gradually out into the velvet dusk I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions about her little girl 20 The Great Gatsby ‘We don’t know each other very well, Nick,’ she said suddenly ‘Even if we are cousins You didn’t come to my wedding.’ ‘I wasn’t back from the war.’ ‘That’s true.’ She hesitated ‘Well, I’ve had a very bad time, Nick, and I’m pretty cynical about everything.’ Evidently she had reason to be I waited but she didn’t say any more, and after a moment I returned rather feebly to the subject of her daughter ‘I suppose she talks, and—eats, and everything.’ ‘Oh, yes.’ She looked at me absently ‘Listen, Nick; let me tell you what I said when she was born Would you like to hear?’ ‘Very much.’ ‘It’ll show you how I’ve gotten to feel about—things Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’ ‘You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,’ she went on in a convinced way ‘Everybody thinks so—the most ad- vanced people And I KNOW I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.’ Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn ‘Sophisticated—God, I’m sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 21 attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said It made me uneasy, as though the whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributory emo- tion from me I waited, and sure enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged Inside, the crimson room bloomed with light Tom and Miss Baker sat at either end of the long couch and she read aloud to him from the ‘Saturday Evening Post’—the words, murmurous and uninflected, running together in a sooth- ing tune The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair, glinted along the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender muscles in her arms When we came in she held us silent for a moment with a lifted hand ‘To be continued,’ she said, tossing the magazine on the table, ‘in our very next issue.’ Her body asserted itself with a restless movement of her knee, and she stood up ‘Ten o’clock,’ she remarked, apparently finding the time on the ceiling ‘Time for this good girl to go to bed.’ ‘Jordan’s going to play in the tournament tomorrow,’ ex- plained Daisy, ‘over at Westchester.’ ‘Oh,—you’re JORdan Baker.’ I knew now why her face was familiar—its pleasing con- temptuous expression had looked out at me from many rotogravure pictures of the sporting life at Asheville and 22 The Great Gatsby Hot Springs and Palm Beach I had heard some story of her too, a critical, unpleasant story, but what it was I had forgot- ten long ago ‘Good night,’ she said softly ‘Wake me at eight, won’t you.’ ‘If you’ll get up.’ ‘I will Good night, Mr Carraway See you anon.’ ‘Of course you will,’ confirmed Daisy ‘In fact I think I’ll arrange a marriage Come over often, Nick, and I’ll sort of—oh—fling you together You know—lock you up acci- dentally in linen closets and push you out to sea in a boat, and all that sort of thing——‘ ‘Good night,’ called Miss Baker from the stairs ‘I haven’t heard a word.’ ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Tom after a moment ‘They oughtn’t to let her run around the country this way.’ ‘Who oughtn’t to?’ inquired Daisy coldly ‘Her family.’ ‘Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old Be- sides, Nick’s going to look after her, aren’t you, Nick? She’s going to spend lots of week-ends out here this summer I think the home influence will be very good for her.’ Daisy and Tom looked at each other for a Ogilvy & Mather and MetLife: The Interpersonal Challenges of Implementing Global Applications Atefeh Riazi’s quarter-million frequent-flier miles are testament to the fact that it’s not such a small planet after all As CIO at Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, Riazi has spent the past years rolling out global applications, such as collaborative workflow systems, creative asset management, knowledge management, messaging, and security for the New York City–based marketing giant Most recently, Riazi has been trying to convince the Asian, European, and Latin American offices to replace their legacy systems with North America’s SAP enterprise resource planning system for finance, human resources, and production A common enterprise system, she says, would provide Ogilvy’s 400 offices in more than 100 countries with access to real-time information so they can make quick decisions, better respond to market changes, and cut costs The fact is that globalization adds new dynamics to the workplace, and CIOs who stick to the true-blue American business formula will fail They must abandon the idea of force-fitting their visions into worldwide offices and move toward a global infrastructure built collaboratively by staff from around the world Take the company that rolls out a global system with high-bandwidth requirements That system might not be feasible for IT directors in the Middle East or parts of Asia, where the cost of bandwidth is higher than in New York Is the standardized system multilingual? Can it convert different currencies? Can it accommodate complex national tax laws? For global projects, working virtually is critical, but it’s also one of the biggest challenges “You’re dealing with different languages, different cultures, different time zones,” says George Savarese, vice president of operations and technology services at New York City–based MetLife His p.m Monday meeting, for instance, falls at a.m in South Korea and p.m in Brazil Savarese adds, however, that telephone and e-mail alone won’t cut it “You really have to be there, in their space, understanding where it’s at,” he says, adding that he spends about half of each month abroad “Globalization challenges your people skills every day,” says Ogilvy’s Riazi For example, workers in the United Kingdom often rely heavily on qualitative research; they take their time in making decisions, as opposed to Americans, who tend to be action-oriented So, in a recent attempt to get offices in the United States and the United Kingdom to collaborate on a common system rollout, Riazi hit a wall of resistance because she didn’t spend enough time going over analytical arguments with the people in the U.K office Having international teams run global projects goes a long way toward mending fences Ogilvy, for instance, manages a financial reporting project out of Ireland “The IT director there has a European point of view, so we’re not going to be blindsided by something that isn’t a workable solution,” she says “We have let control go,” she says of Ogilvy’s New York headquarters “A lot of global companies cannot let go of that control They’re holding so tight It’s destructive.” moment in si- lence ‘Is she from New York?’ I asked quickly ‘From Louisville Our white girlhood was passed togeth- er there Our beautiful white——‘ ‘Did you give Nick a little heart to heart talk on the ve- randa?’ demanded Tom suddenly Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 23 ‘Did I?’ She looked at me ‘I can’t seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race Yes, I’m sure we did It sort of crept up on us and first thing you know——‘ ‘Don’t believe everything you hear, Nick,’ he advised me I said lightly that I had heard nothing at all, and a few minutes later I got up to go home They came to the door with me and stood side by side in a cheerful square of light As I started my motor Daisy peremptorily called ‘Wait! ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important We heard you were engaged to a girl out West.’ ‘That’s right,’ corroborated Tom kindly ‘We heard that you were engaged.’ ‘It’s libel I’m too poor.’ ‘But we heard it,’ insisted Daisy, surprising me by open- ing up again in a flower-like way ‘We heard it from three people so it must be true.’ Of course I knew what they were referring to, but I wasn’t even vaguely engaged The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east You can’t stop going with an old friend on account of rumors and on the other hand I had no intention of being rumored into marriage Their interest rather touched me and made them less remotely rich—nevertheless, I was confused and a little dis- gusted as I drove away It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to was to rush out of the house, child in arms—but apparently there were no such intentions in her head As for Tom, the fact that he ‘had some woman in New York’ was 24 The Great Gatsby really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roofs and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard The wind had blown off, leaving a loud bright night with wings beating in the trees and a persistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life The silhouette of a moving cat wa- vered across the moonlight and turning my head to watch it I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars Something in his leisurely move- ments and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr Gatsby himself, come out to deter- mine what share was his of our local heavens I decided to call to him Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner, and that would for an introduction But I didn’t call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock When I looked once more for Gatsby he had van- Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 25 ished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness Source: Adapted from Melissa Solomon, “Collaboratively Building a Global Infrastructure,” CIO Magazine, June 1, 2003 Enterprise Application Integration How does a business interconnect some of the cross-functional enterprise systems? Enterprise application integration (EAI) software is being used by many companies to connect their major e-business applications See Figure 7.4 EAI software enables users to model the business processes involved in the interactions that should occur between business applications EAI also provides middleware that performs data conversion and coordination, application communication and messaging services, and access to the application interfaces involved Recall from Chapter that middleware is any software that serves to glue together or mediate between two separate pieces of obr76817_ch07_270-306.indd Page 277 8/13/10 2:58 PM user-f494 /Volumes/203/MHBR178/sLa1719X_disk1of1/007731719X/sLa1719X_pagefiles cally ‘It’s about the butler’s nose Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?’ ‘That’s why I came over tonight.’ ‘Well, he wasn’t always a butler; he used to be the sil- ver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people He had to polish it from morning till night until finally it began to affect his nose— —‘ ‘Things went from bad to worse,’ suggested Miss Baker ‘Yes Things went from bad to worse until finally he had to give up his position.’ For a moment the last sunshine fell with romantic affec- tion upon her glowing face; her voice compelled me forward breathlessly as I listened—then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk The butler came back and murmured something close to Tom’s ear whereupon Tom frowned, pushed back his chair and without a word went inside As if his absence quickened something within her Daisy leaned forward again, her voice glowing and singing ‘I love to see you at my table, Nick You remind me of a— of a rose, an absolute rose Doesn’t he?’ She turned to Miss Baker for confirmation ‘An absolute rose?’ This was untrue I am not even faintly like a rose She was only extemporizing but a stirring warmth flowed from her as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling words Then suddenly she threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and 18 The Great Gatsby went into the house Miss Baker and I exchanged a short glance conscious- ly devoid of meaning I was about to speak when she sat up alertly and said ‘Sh!’ in a warning voice A subdued im- passioned murmur was audible in the room beyond and Miss Baker leaned forward, unashamed, trying to hear The murmur trembled on the verge of coherence, sank down, mounted excitedly, and then ceased altogether ‘This Mr Gatsby you spoke of is my neighbor——’ I said ‘Don’t talk I want to hear what happens.’ ‘Is something happening?’ I inquired innocently ‘You mean to say you don’t know?’ said Miss Baker, hon- estly surprised ‘I thought everybody knew.’ ‘I don’t.’ ‘Why——’ she said hesitantly, ‘Tom’s got some woman in New York.’ ‘Got some woman?’ I repeated blankly Miss Baker nodded ‘She might have the decency not to telephone him at din- ner-time Don’t you think?’ Almost before I had grasped her meaning there was the flutter of a dress and the crunch of leather boots and Tom and Daisy were back at the table ‘It couldn’t be helped!’ cried Daisy with tense gayety She sat down, glanced searchingly at Miss Baker and then at me and continued: ‘I looked outdoors for a minute and it’s very romantic outdoors There’s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightingale come over on the Cunard Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 19 or White Star Line He’s singing away——’ her voice sang ‘——It’s romantic, isn’t it, Tom?’ ‘Very romantic,’ he said, and then miserably to me: ‘If it’s light enough after dinner I want to take you down to the stables.’ The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact all subjects, vanished into air Among the broken fragments of the last five minutes at table I remember the candles being lit again, pointlessly, and I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one and yet to avoid all eyes I couldn’t guess what Daisy and Tom were thinking but I doubt if even Miss Baker who seemed to have mastered a certain hardy skepticism was able utterly to put this fifth guest’s shrill me- tallic urgency out of mind To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing—my own instinct was to telephone immediately for the police The horses, needless to say, were not mentioned again Tom and Miss Baker, with several feet of twilight between them strolled back into the library, as if to a vigil beside a perfectly tangible body, while trying to look pleasantly in- terested and a little deaf I followed Daisy around a chain of connecting verandas to the porch in front In its deep gloom we sat down side by side on a wicker settee Daisy took her face in her hands, as if Chapter / e-Business Systems ● 277 feeling its love- ly shape, and her eyes moved gradually out into the velvet dusk I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions about her little girl 20 The Great Gatsby ‘We don’t know each other very well, Nick,’ she said suddenly ‘Even if we are cousins You didn’t come to my wedding.’ ‘I wasn’t back from the war.’ ‘That’s true.’ She hesitated ‘Well, I’ve had a very bad time, Nick, and I’m pretty cynical about everything.’ Evidently she had reason to be I waited but she didn’t say any more, and after a moment I returned rather feebly to the subject of her daughter ‘I suppose she talks, and—eats, and everything.’ ‘Oh, yes.’ She looked at me absently ‘Listen, Nick; let me tell you what I said when she was born Would you like to hear?’ ‘Very much.’ ‘It’ll show you how I’ve gotten to feel about—things Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’ ‘You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,’ she went on in a convinced way ‘Everybody thinks so—the most ad- vanced people And I KNOW I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.’ Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn ‘Sophisticated—God, I’m sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 21 attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said It made me uneasy, as though the whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributory emo- tion from me I waited, and sure enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged Inside, the crimson room bloomed with light Tom and Miss Baker sat at either end of the long couch and she read aloud to him from the ‘Saturday Evening Post’—the words, murmurous and uninflected, running together in a sooth- ing tune The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair, glinted along the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender muscles in her arms When we came in she held us silent for a moment with a lifted hand ‘To be continued,’ she said, tossing the magazine on the table, ‘in our very next issue.’ Her body asserted itself with a restless movement of her knee, and she stood up ‘Ten o’clock,’ she remarked, apparently F IGUR E 7.4 finding the time on the ceiling ‘Time for this good girl to go to bed.’ ‘Jordan’s going to play in the tournament tomorrow,’ ex- plained Daisy, ‘over at Westchester.’ ‘Oh,—you’re JORdan Baker.’ I knew now why her face was familiar—its pleasing con- temptuous expression had looked out at me from many rotogravure pictures of the sporting life at Asheville and 22 The Great Gatsby Hot Springs and Palm Beach I had heard some story of her too, a critical, unpleasant story, but what it was I had forgot- ten long ago ‘Good night,’ she said softly ‘Wake me at eight, won’t you.’ ‘If you’ll get up.’ ‘I will Good night, Mr Carraway See you anon.’ ‘Of course you will,’ confirmed Daisy ‘In fact I think I’ll arrange a marriage Come over often, Nick, and I’ll sort of—oh—fling you together You know—lock you up acci- dentally in linen closets and push you out to sea in a boat, and all that sort of thing——‘ ‘Good night,’ called Miss Baker from the stairs ‘I haven’t heard a word.’ ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Tom after a moment ‘They oughtn’t to let her run around the country this way.’ ‘Who oughtn’t to?’ inquired Daisy coldly ‘Her family.’ ‘Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old Be- sides, Nick’s going to look after her, aren’t you, Nick? She’s going to spend lots of week-ends out here this summer I think the home influence will be very good for her.’ Daisy and Tom looked at each other for a moment in si- lence ‘Is she from New York?’ I asked quickly ‘From Louisville Our white girlhood was passed togeth- er there Our beautiful white——‘ ‘Did you give Nick a little heart to heart talk on the ve- randa?’ demanded Tom suddenly Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 23 ‘Did I?’ She looked at me ‘I can’t seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race Yes, I’m sure we did It sort of crept up on us and first thing you know——‘ ‘Don’t believe everything you hear, Nick,’ he advised me I said lightly that I had heard nothing at all, and a few minutes later I got up to go home They came to the door with me and stood side by side in a cheerful square of light As I started my motor Daisy peremptorily called ‘Wait! ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important We heard you were engaged to a girl out West.’ ‘That’s right,’ corroborated Tom kindly ‘We heard that you were engaged.’ ‘It’s libel I’m too poor.’ ‘But we heard it,’ insisted Daisy, surprising me by open- ing up again in a flower-like way ‘We heard it from three people so it must be true.’ Of course I knew what they were referring to, but I wasn’t even vaguely engaged The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east You can’t stop going with an old friend on account of rumors and on the other hand I had no intention of being rumored into marriage Their interest rather Enterprise application integration software interconnects front-office and back-office applications touched me and made them less remotely rich—nevertheless, I was confused and a little dis- gusted as I drove away It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to was to rush out of the house, child in arms—but apparently there were no such intentions in her head As for Tom, the fact that he ‘had some woman in New York’ was 24 The Great Gatsby really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roofs and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard The wind had blown off, leaving a loud bright night with wings beating in the trees and a persistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life The silhouette of a moving cat wa- vered across the moonlight and turning my head to watch it I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars Something in his leisurely move- ments and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr Enterprise Application Integration EAI Front Office Customer Service Field Service Product Configuration Sales Order Entry Gatsby himself, come out to deter- mine what share was his of our local heavens I decided to call to him Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner, and that would for an introduction But I didn’t call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock When I looked once more for Gatsby he had van- Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 25 ished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness Back Office Distribution Manufacturing Scheduling Finance software Thus, EAI software can integrate a variety of enterprise application clusters by letting them exchange data according to rules derived from the business process models developed by users For example, a typical rule might be: When an order is complete, have the order application tell the accounting system to send a bill and alert shipping to send out the product Thus, as Figure 7.4 illustrates, EAI software can integrate the front-office and back-office applications of a business so they work together in a seamless, integrated way This is a vital capability that provides real business value to a business enterprise that must respond quickly and effectively to business events and customer demands For example, the integration of enterprise application clusters has been shown to dramatically improve customer call center responsiveness and effectiveness That’s because EAI integrates access to all of the customer and product data that customer representatives need to quickly serve customers EAI also streamlines sales order processing so products and services can be delivered faster Thus, EAI improves customer and supplier experience with the business because of its responsiveness See Figure 7.5 F IGURE 7.5 An example of a new customer order process showing how EAI middleware connects several business information systems within a company Call Center How EAI works: An order comes in via the call center, mail, e-mail, the Web, or fax Finance mail Customer information captured in the order process is sent to a “new customer” process, which distributes the new customer information to multiple applications and databases Once the order is validated (customer, credit, items), relevant details are sent to order fulfillment—which may pick the requested items from inventory, schedule them for manufacture, or simply forward them Fulfillment returns status and shipment info to the order-entry system and to the call center, which needs to know about outstanding orders Billing 1010101000101010001010100101 01010100010101000101010010 0011010100010101 submit EAI Routing Manufacturing Shipping Orders & Fulfillment obr76817_ch07_270-306.indd Page 278 8/13/10 2:58 PM user-f494 /Volumes/203/MHBR178/sLa1719X_disk1of1/007731719X/sLa1719X_pagefiles cally ‘It’s about the butler’s nose Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?’ ‘That’s why I came over tonight.’ ‘Well, he wasn’t always a butler; he used to be the sil- ver polisher for some people in New York that had a silver service for two hundred people He had to polish it from morning till night until finally it began to affect his nose— —‘ ‘Things went from bad to worse,’ suggested Miss Baker ‘Yes Things went from bad to worse until finally he had to give up his position.’ For a moment the last sunshine fell with romantic affec- tion upon her glowing face; her voice compelled me forward breathlessly as I listened—then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk The butler came back and murmured something close to Tom’s ear whereupon Tom frowned, pushed back his chair and without a word went inside As if his absence quickened something within her Daisy leaned forward again, her voice glowing and singing ‘I love to see you at my table, Nick You remind me of a— of a rose, an absolute rose Doesn’t he?’ She turned to Miss Baker for confirmation ‘An absolute rose?’ This was untrue I am not even faintly like a rose She was only extemporizing but a stirring warmth flowed from her as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling words Then suddenly she threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and 18 The Great Gatsby went into the house Miss Baker and I exchanged a short glance conscious- ly devoid of meaning I was about to speak when she sat up alertly and said ‘Sh!’ in a warning voice A subdued im- passioned murmur was audible in the room beyond and Miss Baker leaned forward, unashamed, trying to hear The murmur trembled on the verge of coherence, sank down, mounted excitedly, and then ceased altogether ‘This Mr Gatsby you spoke of is my neighbor——’ I said ‘Don’t talk I want to hear what happens.’ ‘Is something happening?’ I inquired innocently ‘You mean to say you don’t know?’ said Miss Baker, hon- estly surprised ‘I thought everybody knew.’ ‘I don’t.’ ‘Why——’ she said hesitantly, ‘Tom’s got some woman in New York.’ ‘Got some woman?’ I repeated blankly Miss Baker nodded ‘She might have the decency not to telephone him at din- ner-time Don’t you think?’ Almost before I had grasped her meaning there was the flutter of a dress and the crunch of leather boots and Tom and Daisy were back at the table ‘It couldn’t be helped!’ cried Daisy with tense gayety She sat down, glanced searchingly at Miss Baker and then at me and continued: ‘I looked outdoors for a minute and it’s very romantic outdoors There’s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightingale come over on the Cunard Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 19 or White Star Line He’s singing away——’ her voice sang ‘——It’s romantic, isn’t it, Tom?’ ‘Very romantic,’ he said, and then miserably to me: ‘If it’s light enough after dinner I want to take you down to the stables.’ The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact all subjects, vanished into air Among the broken fragments of the last five minutes at table I remember the candles being lit again, pointlessly, and I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one and yet to avoid all eyes I couldn’t guess what Daisy and Tom were thinking but I doubt if even Miss Baker who seemed to have mastered a certain hardy skepticism was able utterly to put this fifth guest’s shrill me- tallic urgency out of mind To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing—my own instinct was to telephone immediately for the police The horses, needless to say, were not mentioned again Tom and Miss Baker, with several feet of twilight between them strolled back into the library, as if to a vigil beside a perfectly tangible body, while trying to look pleasantly in- terested and a little deaf I followed Daisy around a chain of connecting verandas to the porch in front In its deep gloom we sat down side by side on a wicker settee Daisy took her face in her hands, as if 278 ● Module III / Business Applications feeling its love- ly shape, and her eyes moved gradually out into the velvet dusk I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions about her little girl 20 The Great Gatsby ‘We don’t know each other very well, Nick,’ she said suddenly ‘Even if we are cousins You didn’t come to my wedding.’ ‘I wasn’t back from the war.’ ‘That’s true.’ She hesitated ‘Well, I’ve had a very bad time, Nick, and I’m pretty cynical about everything.’ Evidently she had reason to be I waited but she didn’t say any more, and after a moment I returned rather feebly to the subject of her daughter ‘I suppose she talks, and—eats, and everything.’ ‘Oh, yes.’ She looked at me absently ‘Listen, Nick; let me tell you what I said when she was born Would you like to hear?’ ‘Very much.’ ‘It’ll show you how I’ve gotten to feel about—things Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.’ ‘You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,’ she went on in a convinced way ‘Everybody thinks so—the most ad- vanced people And I KNOW I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.’ Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn ‘Sophisticated—God, I’m sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 21 attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said It made me uneasy, as though the whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributory emo- tion from me I waited, and sure enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged Inside, the crimson room bloomed with light Tom and Miss Baker sat at either end of the long couch and she read aloud to him from the ‘Saturday Evening Post’—the words, murmurous and uninflected, running together in a sooth- ing tune The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair, glinted along the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender muscles in her arms When we came in she held us silent for a moment with a lifted hand ‘To be continued,’ she said, tossing the magazine on the table, ‘in our very next issue.’ Her body asserted itself with a restless movement of her knee, and she stood up ‘Ten o’clock,’ she remarked, apparently finding the time on the ceiling ‘Time for this good girl to go to bed.’ ‘Jordan’s going to play in the tournament tomorrow,’ ex- plained Daisy, ‘over at Westchester.’ ‘Oh,—you’re JORdan Baker.’ I knew now why her face was familiar—its pleasing con- temptuous expression had looked out at me from many rotogravure pictures of the sporting life at Asheville and 22 The Great Gatsby Hot Springs and Palm Beach I had heard some story of her too, a critical, unpleasant story, but what it was I had forgot- ten long ago ‘Good night,’ she said softly ‘Wake me at eight, won’t you.’ ‘If you’ll get up.’ ‘I will Good night, Mr Carraway See you anon.’ ‘Of course you will,’ confirmed Daisy ‘In fact I think I’ll arrange a marriage Come over often, Nick, and I’ll sort of—oh—fling you together You know—lock you up acci- dentally in linen closets and push you out to sea in a boat, and all that sort of thing——‘ ‘Good night,’ called Miss Baker from the stairs ‘I haven’t heard a word.’ ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Tom after a moment ‘They oughtn’t to let her run around the country this way.’ ‘Who oughtn’t to?’ inquired Daisy coldly ‘Her family.’ ‘Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old Be- sides, Nick’s going to look after her, aren’t you, Nick? She’s going to spend lots of week-ends out here this summer I think the home influence will be very good for her.’ Daisy and Tom looked at each other for a Coty, Unilever, and iWay: Dealing with Integration Challenges It’s one thing to integrate data across applications in an IT infrastructure The methods and practices are tried and true But implementing data integration across a serviceoriented architecture poses new challenges Coty, the fragrance and personal-care products company, found that the iWay approach was just what it needed to integrate Unilever’s cosmetics business, which it acquired in late 2005, in just six months Failure to meet that goal would delay the benefits to customers of dealing with one company and product line, and would force Coty to maintain two sales forces, supply chains, and software infrastructures Soon after the acquisition, CIO David Berry heard complaints from big customers such as Federated Department Stores that its buyers had to talk to two sales reps after the acquisition or deal with three systems to push one order through Orders of Unilever’s Chloe or Calvin Klein fragrances had to be sent through a JD Edwards system in Lille, France Coty’s hot-selling Celine Dion or Jennifer Lopez fragrances had to be ordered through its homegrown warehouse management system in Kassel, Germany Orders for other products went through Oracle Cash-toOrder systems in Coty’s North Carolina distribution center But connecting JD Edwards to Oracle applications or Oracle apps to SAP is what iWay connectors and adapters Berry realized he needed to identify the processes that led to the customer getting, for example, two invoices from Coty, and force them into a single process They got iWay’s Service Manager to understand the differences between Coty’s order entry systems and perform the data transformations between them once a business analyst drew process flow lines on Service Manager’s graphical map of the JD Edwards and SAP systems The Coty order entry system worked in tandem with the Unilever order entry system until their results could be combined to yield one invoice The implementation had its share of rough spots Coty discovered at one point that a day’s orders, sent into the iWay system, never emerged at the distribution center The orders had been improperly formatted so they couldn’t be translated into the right destination format, but iWay neglected to inform anyone of the hang-up “It was like looking for a needle in a haystack We needed to improve the visibility into the system,” says Gary Gallant, vice president of information management for the Americas at Coty He found a way to get the system to send a message to administrators when orders were up in a “retry” queue Berry used this approach to identify customer-facing services, isolate them, and use iWay to translate between them The result was what appeared to customers to be a fully integrated Unilever/Coty by the six-month deadline moment in si- lence ‘Is she from New York?’ I asked quickly ‘From Louisville Our white girlhood was passed togeth- er there Our beautiful white——‘ ‘Did you give Nick a little heart to heart talk on the ve- randa?’ demanded Tom suddenly Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 23 ‘Did I?’ She looked at me ‘I can’t seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race Yes, I’m sure we did It sort of crept up on us and first thing you know——‘ ‘Don’t believe everything you hear, Nick,’ he advised me I said lightly that I had heard nothing at all, and a few minutes later I got up to go home They came to the door with me and stood side by side in a cheerful square of light As I started my motor Daisy peremptorily called ‘Wait! ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important We heard you were engaged to a girl out West.’ ‘That’s right,’ corroborated Tom kindly ‘We heard that you were engaged.’ ‘It’s libel I’m too poor.’ ‘But we heard it,’ insisted Daisy, surprising me by open- ing up again in a flower-like way ‘We heard it from three people so it must be true.’ Of course I knew what they were referring to, but I wasn’t even vaguely engaged The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east You can’t stop going with an old friend on account of rumors and on the other hand I had no intention of being rumored into marriage Their interest rather touched me and made them less remotely rich—nevertheless, I was confused and a little dis- gusted as I drove away It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to was to rush out of the house, child in arms—but apparently there were no such intentions in her head As for Tom, the fact that he ‘had some woman in New York’ was 24 The Great Gatsby really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roofs and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard The wind had blown off, leaving a loud bright night with wings beating in the trees and a persistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life The silhouette of a moving cat wa- vered across the moonlight and turning my head to watch it I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars Something in his leisurely move- ments and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr Gatsby himself, come out to deter- mine what share was his of our local heavens I decided to call to him Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner, and that would for an introduction But I didn’t call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock When I looked once more for Gatsby he had van- Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com 25 ished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness Source: Adapted from Charles Babcock, “Two Ways to Deal with SOA’s Data Integration Challenge,” InformationWeek, July 9, 2007 Transaction Processing Systems Transaction processing systems (TPS) are cross-functional information systems that process data resulting from the occurrence of business transactions We introduced transaction processing systems in Chapter as one of the major application categories of information systems in business Transactions are events that occur as part of doing business, such as sales, purchases, deposits, withdrawals, refunds, and payments Think, for example, of the data generated whenever a business sells something to a customer on credit, whether in a retail store or at an e-commerce site on the Web Data about the customer, product, salesperson, store, and so on, must be captured and processed This need prompts additional transactions, such as credit checks, customer billing, inventory changes, and increases in accounts receivable balances, which generate even more data Thus, transaction