luận văn thạc sĩ a comparative analysis of the attitudinal resources in english andvietnamese articles about homosexuality

I STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that the thesis “A Comparative Analysis of the Attitudinal Resources in English and Vietnamese Articles about Homosexuality” is my own work This thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole, or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma except where reference is made in the text of the thesis No other person’s work has been used without acknowledgement in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Quy Nhon, 2019 Phạm Thị Thanh Hường download by : skknchat@gmail.com II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep indebtedness to all of my teachers, friends and family who have helped me throughout the time I conducted this thesis I gratefully acknowledge my greatest thanks to my supervisor, Dr Truong Van Dinh, who has given me helpful advice, invaluable guidance, and vital encouragement Without his enthusiastic support, this thesis would not have been completed I am also grateful to Dr Vo Duy Duc for his deep and interesting lectures and useful advice as well as all of the lecturers of this course for their valuable knowledge and foundation for this thesis I would also like to express my special thanks to Quy Nhon University, Post-graduate Department, and Foreign Languages Department Finally, I am particularly grateful to my mother, elder brother and sister, and friends, who have given me spiritual encouragement and helped me overcome a lot of difficulties during my study download by : skknchat@gmail.com III ABSTRACT This thesis aims at conducting a comparative study on Attitudinal resources in English and Vietnamese articles about Homosexuality The study was carried out based on the Appraisal Theory developed by Martin and White (2005) The main purpose of this study was to point out the similarities and differences in terms of Attitudinal resources in both languages The data for this paper consists of 20 articles (10 English articles and 10 Vietnamese ones) with the lengths varying from 800 to 2000 words The study is conducted through the use of quantitative, qualitative, analytic, synthetic, and descriptive methods The analysis indicates that all of three categories of Attitudinal resources appear in both English and Vietnamese data, but with different proportions In details, both English and Vietnamese writers have a tendency to employ more Judgement than the other two Attitudinal resources, which expresses that the writers often focus on evaluation of human behavior Apart from similarities, the findings of this study also draw out some differences First, the frequency of occurrence of four subtypes of Affect between the two languages is not the same Another difference is that the Vietnamese authors tend to use more negative and implicit resources of Judgement than the English native authors In addition, the proportion of Reaction and Composition values in Vietnamese data is larger than that in English ones From the results, it is hoped that the study will provide useful knowledge of evaluative language as well as some valuable contributions to linguistic theory download by : skknchat@gmail.com IV TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II ABSTRACT III TABLE OF CONTENTS IV LIST OF TABLES IX LIST OF FIGURES X CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 1.2.1 Aims of the study 1.2.2 Objectives of the study 1.3 Significance of the study 1.4 Research questions 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Organization of the study CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Systemic Functional Grammar and Interpersonal meaning 2.2 Overview of Appraisal Theory 2.2.1 Engagement 11 2.2.2 Graduation 14 2.2.3 Attitude 16 2.2.3.1 Affect 17 2.2.3.2 Judgement 23 2.2.3.3 Appreciation 28 2.3 Overview of homosexuality 31 2.3.1 Definition of homosexuality 31 2.3.2 Classification of homosexuality 32 download by : skknchat@gmail.com V 2.4 Previous studies 33 2.4.1 Previous studies on Appraisal Theory 33 2.4.2 Previous studies on Homosexuality 36 2.5 Summary 37 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES 38 3.1 Research methods 38 3.2 Data collection 39 3.3 Data analysis 40 3.4 Procedures 41 3.5 Validity and Reliability 41 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 43 4.1 The overall usage of the Attitudinal resources in EHAs and VHAs43 4.2 Attitudinal resources used in EHAs and VHAs 47 4.2.1 Affect resources in EHAs and VHAs 47 4.2.2 Positive and Negative Affect 55 4.2.3 Authorial and Non-Authorial Affect in EHAs and VHAs 58 4.2.4 Summary 61 4.3 Judgement in EHAs and VHAs 61 4.3.1 Social esteem and Social sanction 62 4.3.2 Positive and Negative Judgement 69 4.3.3 Explicit and Implicit Judgement 71 4.3.4 Summary 74 4.4 Appreciation in EHAs and VHAs 75 4.4.1 The distribution of sub-types of Appreciation in EHAs and VHAs 75 4.4.2 Positive and Negative Appreciation 80 4.4.3 Summary 83 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 84 5.1 Conclusions 84 download by : skknchat@gmail.com VI 5.2 Implications 87 5.3 Limitations 88 5.4 Suggestions for further research 88 REFERENCES 89 APPENDICES 94 APPENDIX A – ADDRESSES OF THE VIETNAMESE TEXTS 94 APPENDIX B – ADDRESSES OF THE ENGLISH TEXTS 95 APPENDIX C – SAMPLE VIETNAMESE TEXT ANALYSIS 96 APPENDIX D – SAMPLE ENGLISH TEXT ANALYSIS 101 download by : skknchat@gmail.com VII ABBREVIATIONS (-) : Negative (+) : Positive Aff : Affect App : Appreciation Auth : Authorial Cap : Judgement: Capacity Comp : Appreciation: Composition E1-10 : English Homosexuality Articles from number to 10 EHAs : English Homosexuality Articles Exp : Explicit Hap : Affect: Un/Happiness Imp : Implicit Inc : Affect: Dis/Inclination Judg : Judgement Non-Auth : Non-Authorial Norm : Judgement: Normality Prop : Judgement: Propriety Reac : Appreciation: Reaction Sat : Affect: Dis/Satisfaction Sec : Affect: In/Security SFG : Systemic Functional Grammar Ten : Judgement: Tenacity download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality VIII V1-10 : Vietnamese Homosexuality Articles from number to 10 Val : Appreciation: Valuation Ver : Judgement: Veracity VHAs : Vietnamese Homosexuality Articles download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality 98 người nam, nữ đồng tính, lưỡng tính chuyển giới bị bạo hành [Judg-Prop] phân biệt đối xử [-Judg-Prop] trường học, điều cho thấy người đồng tính ln phải [-Judg-Prop] nhận lấy dè bỉu [Judg-Prop] chà đạp [-Judg-Prop] xã hội, vơ tình đẩy họ vào đường quẫn Bắt đầu từ năm 2004, internet bùng nổ mạnh mẽ [+App-Reac] giai đoạn diễn đàn báo mạng bùng nổ [+App-Val] , cộng đồng online đời phát triển Cũng từ đây, cộng đồng đồng tính người Việt Việt Nam khắp giới có hội tìm đến với nhau, chia sẻ vui buồn [+Aff-Hap] sống Trong số nhiều diễn đàn, câu lạc online [+Judg-Cap] nhắc đến diễn đàn dành cho người, nhóm đồng tính nữ đồng tính nam như: bangaivn.net, asianlabrys.com… Ngày 17/5/1990, WHO định loại bỏ đồng tính luyến khỏi danh sách phân loại bệnh quốc tế Từ đến nay, ngày 17/5 hàng năm nước lớn liên minh châu âu EU công nhận ngày Quốc Tế chống kì thị LGBT (International Day Against HOmophobia and Transphobia – IDAHO) Tại Việt Nam, tinh thần ngày IDAHO quan tâm nhiều kiện tổ chức minh chứng cho thấy lớn mạnh tự tin [+Aff-Sec] cộng đồng người nam, nữ đồng tính, lưỡng tính chuyển giới với xã hội Việt Nam ngày cởi mở bao dung [+Judg-Prop] Ngày nay, xã hội có nhìn lạc quan [+Judg-Nor] đắn [+Judg-Nor] đồng tính lúc người đồng tính dám đứng lên “sống thật [+Judg-Ver]” với Đồng tính khơng cịn q khắt khe [+App-Reac] lạc nhịp [+AppCom] với xã hội nữa, thực hóa với tác phẩm văn download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality 99 học hay phim lột tả chân thực [+App-Val] giới người đồng tính Những tiểu thuyết văn chương Bí mật hậu cung Bùi Anh Tấn, Nháp Nguyễn Đình Tú nói lên khó khăn thử thách người đồng tính Nếu văn Bùi Anh Tấn lồng tình yêu đồng giới vào bối cảnh khác văn Nguyễn Đình Tú lại lý giải cô đơn mát [-Aff-Hap] hệ Hay Hot boy loạn – phim đạo diễn Vũ Ngọc Đãng, xem đột phá điện ảnh Việt Nam việc miêu tả sống người đồng tính, để lại cho người xem xúc cảm đặc biệt [+App-Val] tính nhân văn cao [+App-Val] Những ngày hội đồng tính (Pride Day) tổ chức nhằm giúp cho người đồng tính có hội giao lưu kết bạn với nhau, giúp họ vượt qua mặc cảm [+Aff-Sec] hàng ngày gặp phải Nhiều bạn trẻ cơng khai giới tính xem ngày hội sân chơi thoải mái giúp họ kết giao thêm bạn bè Như nhóm Zera, tập hợp bạn đồng tính nam mê nhảy đến với chương trình qua nhảy để giao lưu nhiều Trong xã hội công bằng, người có quyền sống lại coi đồng loại “những kẻ dị thường[-JudgVer] ” phải đào thải [-Judg-Prop] họ khỏi cộng đồng, không công [-Judg-Prop] với họ Ngay bệnh nhân HIV cần phải đối xử bình đẳng [+Judg-Prop] lại bất công [-Judg-Prop] với người đồng tính, họ đâu phải bệnh đáng sợ? Thiết nghĩ, tất chưa hiểu hết giới tính thứ 3, chưa cảm thơng dành cho họ tình cảm bình thường [+Judg-Nor] người bình thường [+Judg-Nor] khác mở rộng trái tim giang rộng vòng tay chung sống hòa đồng với họ, hiểu cho số phận thiên bẩm download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality 100 người đồng tính, họ khơng thể tự chọn giới tính cho Đồng tính khơng phải điều xấu xa [+App-Reac] tình u đồng tính khơng có đáng bị lên án [+App-Reac] Hãy coi “tạm khuyết”, để cơng nhận phần gạt bỏ xã hội download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality 101 APPENDIX D – SAMPLE ENGLISH TEXT ANALYSIS Is Anyone Born Gay? (E4) “This is who I am.” In 1993, I grounded my coming-out narrative in this forthright [+App-Reac] declaration — and I meant it in every way “I didn’t choose being gay,” I reasoned “I’m born this way!” I was wholly convinced my sexuality was the core of who I was — not simply what I desired [+Aff-Inc] or did It felt like I finally had discovered my true self My heart and friends affirmed this, as did the world around me “This is who I am I am gay.” Sexual orientation seemed self-evidently true But what truth did it reveal? Should [+Judg-Prop] we simply accept sexual orientation as the way things are, as the only terminology to describe enduring and unchosen same-sex attractions? Or should [+Judg-Prop] we step back and critically assess this idea in light of God’s truth [+Judg-Ver] about who we are? Honestly [+Judg-Ver], we cannot [-Judg-Cap] begin to understand human sexuality until we first start with theological anthropology, meaning what God thinks, and reveals, about who we are Getting Reoriented The modern concept of sexual orientation originates from the discipline of psychology, which is rooted in a secular understanding of anthropology that rejects original sin (for a critical assessment of “sexual orientation,” see Rosaria Butterfield, Openness Unhindered, 93–112) For example, the idea that same-sex sexual orientation is only a disability (that is, a natural consequence of the fall, like deafness), and not a moral consequence, is dangerously close to the ancient heresy called Pelagianism, a denial of download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality 102 original sin, condemned [-Judg-Prop] by the church in the fifth century In today’s world of infinite shades of grey, sloppy ambiguity on biblical sexuality is essentially [+App-Val] flirting with heresy The American Psychological Association provides this definition for sexual orientation: Sexual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes Sexual orientation also refers to a person’s sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions Gay neurologist Simon LeVay explains that sexual orientation is “the trait that predisposes us to experience sexual attraction” (Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why, 1) In an international human-rights document, it is defined as a “capacity for profound [+App-Val] emotional, affectional [+Judg-Prop], and sexual attraction.” Elsewhere, the American Psychological Association describes these attractions as generally unchosen Thus, sexual orientation conveys a capacity for unchosen and enduring sexual and romantic desires, and this predisposition has been relegated to a new category of personhood Unfortunately, we have pigeonholed ourselves into this secular and humanistic paradigm of defining selfhood [-Judg-Prop] through sexuality We think there is no other option However, when there’s a choice between a biblical framework and a secular one, should not Christians favor the biblical over the secular? And might [+Judg-Ten] God’s word provide us a better framework for understanding the capacity to experience unchosen and persistent sexual and romantic desires toward the same sex? Yes, it does That framework is called sin Being Gay? I am not saying that the capacity to have same-sex attractions or temptations download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality 103 is what theologians call “actual [+App-Val] sin” (sinful thoughts, desires, words, and actions) However, the concepts of original and indwelling sin fit every description of a same-sex sexual orientation Original sin is an unchosen condition, and indwelling sin is a persistent pattern of sinful desires or behaviors Why try to reappropriate and redeem a term when a working biblical framework already exists? Some today say that sexual and romantic attraction for people of the same sex is rooted in the image of God, not the fall — and that it’s therefore good [+App-Val] or even sanctifiable This stems from the misunderstanding that “being gay” includes appreciating same-sex beauty However, if we broaden sexuality to include non-sexual and non-romantic appreciation for beauty, then everybody would [+Judg-Ten] be gay That is as nonsensical [-AppVal] as it is unhelpful [-App-Val] However, if acting on same-sex sexual and romantic desire is sin, then there’s nothing neutral or sanctifiable about it These desires stem from the fall, not the image of God Sexual sin always involves a moral component Same-sex attraction finds its genesis in original sin And let’s be crystal clear [+AppCom]: there’s nothing neutral or innocent about original sin With same-sex attractions, the problem is sin But for Christians, our God has not left us without the answer Whatever Way You Were Born But aren’t people born gay? Listen to the media and pop culture, and it seems to be a fact science has unquestionably proven However, of the numerous studies conducted to investigate the potential biological and environmental factors that may influence the development of same-sex attractions, nothing yet has been conclusive The American Psychiatric Association made this statement as recently as download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality 104 2015: “Some people believe [+Aff-Sec] that sexual orientation is innate and fixed; however, sexual orientation develops across a person’s lifetime.” Scientists are far from discovering the factors that contribute to the development of sexual attractions, so it’s untenable and irresponsible to claim that the innateness of sexual attractions is a proven reality In spite of a lack of evidence, the belief persists that people are born gay and that makes it okay Yet, for Christians, innateness doesn’t mean that something is permissible; being born a sinner doesn’t make sin right We must point people to a far more important [+App-Val] claim: Regardless of what was true or not true when you were born, Jesus says that you must be born again It doesn’t matter whether you think you were born an alcoholic; you must be born again It doesn’t matter whether you think you were born a liar; you must be born again It doesn’t matter whether you think you were born a porn addict; you must be born again It doesn’t matter whether you think you were born with any other sexual sin struggle; you must be born again Very Good [+App-Reac] News When we are born again (through God’s word, Peter 1:23, and by his Spirit, John 3:5–8), the old has gone and the new has come — we’re a new creation [+App-Val] (2 Corinthians 5:17) We’re able to [+Judg-Cap] hate [-AffHap] our sin without hating [-Aff-Hap] ourselves Our sexuality is no longer who we are, but rather how we are We put to death our old self so that Christ can [+Judg-Cap] live in us (Romans 8:13; Galatians 2:20; Colossians 3:5) The effect of sin is so pervasive, so complete, so radical, that complete rebirth must occur for anyone to enter the kingdom of heaven (John 3:3) Whatever our sinful condition upon coming into the world, we need a total transformation — the kind that only our God and Creator has wonderfully download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality luan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexualityluan.van.thac.si.a.comparative.analysis.of.the.attitudinal.resources.in.english.andvietnamese.articles.about.homosexuality