Ngữ pháp tiếng anh khái quát

Sau đây là một bài tập nhỏ.Viết lại câu với từ gợi ý.. Các dạng đặc biệt của câu điều kiện Khi nhắc đến câu điều kiện,chúng ta đều nghĩ ngay đến câu điều kiện dạng If.Nhưng bên cạnh đó,

I/CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF CONCESSION

1/Clause of concession

Although

Though

Even though + CLAUSE

Even if

Much as

Despite the fact that

Inspite of the fact that

2/Pharse of concession

Despite

In spite of + N_PHARSE OR GERUND

3/No matter +wh =wh +ever +(adj)

Whatever + S + V, S’ + V’

no matter how = however

however +adj/adv +S +be/V,

eg:a- He was ill but he still went to school

->Although he was ill, he still went to school

->He still went to school though he was ill

b- It is hot, they are working in the field

- Although it is hot, they are working in the field

c- She is lazy but she still gets good mark

Although she is lazy, she still gets good mark

d- The weather was cold but the boy went to school on time

Although the weather was cold, the boy went to school on time

e- He goes anywhere but he remembers his homeland

Although he goes anywhere, he remembers his homeland

http://kinhhoa.violet.vn

f- I live anywhere but I will contact you

Although I live anywhere, I will contact you

g- He does anything He does it carefully

Although he does anything, he does it carefully

h-Although you are good, you should do it carefully

->No matter how good you are

i- Though I love her so much, I will say good bye

Much as I love her, I will say goodbye

Cái much as này,trên violet có đưa ra câu sau: athough he is a good student,he failed the exam

Much good as he is,he failed the exam.ko bik sao nữa.chắc dùng để nhấn mạnh.ai bik jì thêm.nhớ comment cho nhá.thanks

Cũng có thể nhấn mạnh như thế này:

Có thể nhấn mạnh cả tính từ và trạng từ

Adj +as+ S+ to be, S+V

Adv+as+S+V, S+V

eg:Though she is beautiful, nobody wants to make friend with her = Beautiful as she is, nobody

Sau đây là một bài tập nhỏ.Viết lại câu với từ gợi ý

1.He ate all the fruits though they were green.(Despite)

2.In spite of Mary's sadness at losing the contest.she managed to smile.(although)

3.Though I am fond of music,I canot play any musical instrument.(Depite)

4.My grandfather is till an active man depite his age(however)

5.I did anything he wanted but he í only quiet.(whatever)

Thanks for your time

II/CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF REASON

3/Clause of reason

Because

For

As +CLAUSE

Since

(as và since đứng trứoc câu.)

4/Pharse of reason

Because of

Due to

Owing to + NOUN PHRASE OR GERUND PHRASE

On acount of

vài ví dụ:

1/We have to cut down our driving because we are short of oil

-Because of our oil shortage

Mary did not go to scholl yesterday because she was sick

→ Mary did not go to school yesterday because of her sickness

I canot study because of the noise

→ I canot study because it is noisy

Sau đây là bài tập.Viết lại câu với từ gợi ý

1.Mr Ba cannot pronounce this English word correctly because of his lack of teeth.(For)

2.She went to bed early because she felt tired(Due to)

3.I like him for his parents are kind to me.(Owing to)

4.All newspapers was sold out immediatly because of an article baout famous singer.(On account of)

5.Jonh succeeded in his exam due to his hảd and methodical work.(Because)

Chắc các bạn thấy bài trứoc dễ quá nên không làm.hihi.Nhưng mình cũng post đáp án vì không phải ai cũng

có thể làm đúng.Nếu có gì sai sót,sửa giùm

1.He ate all the fruits though they were green.(Despite)

Despite their greenness,he ate all the fruits

2.In spite of Mary's sadness at losing the contest.she managed to smile.(although)

Although Mary was sad about losing the contest,she managed to smile.(lưu ý chỗ này là:sadness+at còn

sad+about)

3.Though I am fond of music,I canot play any the musical instrument.(Depite)

Depite my interest in music,,I canot play any the musical instrument

4.My grandfather is till an active man depite his age(however)

However old my grandfather is,he is till an active man

5.I did anything he wanted but he is only quiet.(whatever)

Whatever I did ,he is only quiet

Các dạng đặc biệt của câu điều kiện

Khi nhắc đến câu điều kiện,chúng ta đều nghĩ ngay đến câu điều kiện dạng If.Nhưng

bên cạnh đó,ta cũng có một số dạng đặc biệt của câu điều kiện.Hum nay mình sẽ post

các dạng đặc biệt của câu điều kiện.Mong sẽ giúp ích được cho ai đó

III/SPECIAL CASES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

1.Or

eg:Study hard or you will fail the exam.(=if you donot study hard

you will fail the exam)

2 In case: Phòng khi + CLAUSE (dùng cho 2 loại câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2)

eg: I always bring an umbrella in case it rains.(=I am always

bring an umbrella because it may rain)

3.Provided that/Providing that/so long as/as long as: Miễn là +

CLAUSE ( chỉ loại 1 )

eg: You can borrow my bike as long as you bring it back

tomorrow.(=You can borrow my bike but you must bring it back

tomorrow)

4.Suppose (that) / supposing (that)/ imagine (that) :Gỉa sử

+CLAUSE(cả 3 loại đều dùng đụơc)

eg: Suppose(that) you are wrong ,what will you do?

5 Without: Nếu ko có +Noun

eg:Without the air,we would die(= If there no air/not the air we

would die)

6 But for=Unless=If…not:Nếu ko vì +Noun

eg:But for the bad weather,the flight would have landed

safely(= if it hadnot been gor the bad weather,the flight would have

landed safely)

7 Otherwise:Neu ko +CLAUSE( lưu ý therwise chỉ đứng ở giữa câu)

eg: If I hadnot taken the short cut ;otherwise I wouldnot have been late

8 inversion(dao ngu):

loại 1:Should + S + V Bare_inf

loại 2: Were + S + ………

loại 3: Had + S + V PP

9 Loại câu điều kiện hỗn hợp(fixed type)

lấy cái ví dụ rùi xem nghen,co jì thắc mắc commment

eg:If I hadnot stayed up too late last night,I wouldnot be tired

now

Với mỗi vế của câu điều kiện dạng hỗn hợp,bạn chia theo từng thì

của nó.chứ ko có jì cả.đơngiản wá.ko hỉu thì nhắn nhen,hic

10 Mệnh lệnh

eg: donot tell him that if you see him

Mấy dạng này quan trọng là nhớ ví dụ để làm chứ ko cân phải học

IV/Clause after it’s time/it’s high time/as if/as though/would rather

It ‘s time

It’s high time + S + V2 (were cho tất cả các ngôi)

(đã đến lúc)

Eg: It’s time we studied hard.(đã đến lúc chúng ta phải học hành chăm chỉ)

Ta còn có thể sử dụng dạng dưói đây(ko thay đổi về ý nghĩa)

It ‘s time

It’s high time + For + O + To_inf

Eg: It’s time for us to study hard

S + V + As if

As though + S + V2 (were cho tất cả các ngôi)

(như thể)

Eg: She acts as if she were rich.(Cô ta làm như thể mình giàu lắm)

She shows as though she studied well

S + V 2 + As if

As though + S + Had + VPP

(như thể)

Eg: The boy told about the accident as if he had seen it.(thằng bé kể về tai nạn như thể nó đã chứng kiến hết)

He ate as if he had been hungry for a longtime.(Anh ta ăn như thể không ăn lâu lắm)

Would rather :mong muốn.Với wouldrather cách sử dụng thì rắc rối hơn

Mong muốn ở tuơng lai

S + Would rather + (that) + S + (not) + VBare_inf

VBare_inf : ko chia đối với tất cả các ngôi(phủ định thêm not) ko muợn trợ động từ

Eg: I would rather he not come tonight.(Mong anh ấy đừng đến tối nay)

§ Mong muốn ở hiện tại

S + Would rather + (that) + S + V2 (were cho tất cả các ngôi)

Eg: I would rather we did not study now

I would rather that it were in winter now.(Tôi mong giờ ko phải là mùa đông)

§ Mong muốn ở quá khứ

S + Would rather + (that) + S + Had + VPP

Eg: I would rather we had stayed at home last week

I would rather that she had phoned me last night

Ngoài ra ta còn có thể sử dụng would rather để diễn tả ý định

§ Diễn tả ý định ở hiện tại hoặc tuơng lai

S + Would rather + VBare_inf ……….Than + VBare_inf

Eg: I would rather watch TV than listen to music

I would rather not go out tonight

§ Diễn tả ý định trong quá khứ

S + Would rather + (not) + Have + VPP

Eg: I would rather not have gone to your party last night

I would rather have had got it the day before

V/SPECIAL CASES OF PASSICE VOICE

I Passive with:say,think,assume,report,believe,find,know,…

Ative: S1 + V1 + That + S2 + V2

Passive: It + Be + V1(PP) + That + S2 + V2

S2 + Be + V1(PP) + To_V2(inf):cùng thì/To have+V2(pp) :khác thì

Eg:

1.People say he is a dangerous criminal

It is said that he is a dangerous criminal

He is said to be a dangerous criminal

2.He reported that he had stolen my car

It was reported that he had stolen my car

He was reported to have stolen my car

II.Passive with:các động từ tri giác

Ative: Feel,smell,hear,see,look,taste +V(Bare/Gerund)

Passive:Feel,smell,hear,see,look,taste + To_V(inf)

Eg: I saw the woman come into the room

The woman was seen to come into the room

III.Passive with :let,help,make

Ative: Let,help,make + V(Bare/Gerund)

Passive: Let,help,make + To_V(inf)

Eg: She makes him to study all the time

He is made to study all the time

IV.Imperative sentence.:Cái này mình lấy ví dụ thôi.Mình nghĩ bạn sẽ hiểu

Eg: Open your book!

Let your book be open

V.Passive with:begin,continue

Eg:She began to write this novel 3 years ago

This novel began to be written 3 years ago

VI.Passive with:advise,beg,order,urge,agree,decide,…

Cái này mình cũng lấy ví dụ

Eg:She advised me to sell this old car

She advised me that this old car should be sold

VII.Passive with:Causative form(dạng nhờ vả)

Ative: : S + Have/ Get + O(người) + V(Bare)/ To_V(inf)

Passive: S + Have/ Get + O(người) + V(pp) +(by+O vật)

Eg: I had the porter bring my luggage to the upstair

I had my luggage brought to the )upstair by the porter)

Lưu ý đối với Need:

S(người) + Need + To_V(inf) :chủ động

S(vật) V_ing hoặc to be+V(pp) :bị động

VI/Sự hoà hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ.(Subject and Verb Agreement)

Plural:số nhiều

Singular:số ít

Countable:đếm được

Uncountable:không đếm được

N:Noun

V:Verb

1.S1 + and + S2 +V(plural) (S1,S2: Countable)

Eg:She and I are teachers

S1 + and + S2 +V(singular) (S1,S2: Uncountable)

Eg:Butter and Cheese is fat food

2.Neither/Either/Not only + S1 + nor/or/but aslo + S2 + V2

Eg:Neither you nor I am wrong

3.S1+ with/along with/as well as/together with/accompanied by(cùng với) + S2 +V1

EG:The manager accompanied by his friends is going to the meeting tonight

4.Each/Every + N(Singular) + V (Singular)

Each of/Every of + N(plural) + V (Singular)

Eg:Each of my students has two books

5.N1 + prep(giới từ) + N2 + V1

Eg:A box of cigarettes contains 20 cigars

6.S(gerund/that +clause) + V (Singular)

Eg:Swimming is good for our health

That you study hard makes your parents happy

7.S(The+Adj) + V(plural)

Eg:The rich arenot always happy

8.A number of (một số) + N(plural) + V(plural)

The number of (tổng số) + N(plural) + V(Singular)

Eg:A number of students in this class comes from the North

The number of teachers in this school are 45

9.S(time/money/distance(khoảng cách)) + V(Singular)

Eg:With me money is all.hehe

10.S(indifinitive pronoun) + V(Singular)

Eg:Someone is standing over there

11.S(đối với một số từ tận cùng là “s”) + V(Singular)

Eg:News is hot

12.A largenumber of = Many

A great deal = Much

VII/ Inversion and Emplasic(đảo ngữ và nhấn mạnh)

1/ Inversion:là dạng câu nhấn mạnh bằng cách đem trạng từ,cụm trạng từ đặt đầu câu.Sau đó đảo vị trí giữa chủ ngữ và động từ

Đối với tobe,khiếm khuyết,have:đảo lên trước chủ ngữ

Đối với động từ thùơng:mượn trợ động từ do/does/did thích hợp để đảo ngữ lên trước chủ ngữ

Eg:

1.I have never seen a ghost in my life

Never in my life have I seen a ghost

2.She is no longer busy with her children

No longer is she busy with her children

3.He rarely does he visits me at night

Rarely does he visits me at night

Các trạng từ thường đứng đầu trong câu đảo ngữ: Never,rarely,seldom,no

sooner…than,hardly…when,barely….when,only+if/when/then/later,little,under no circumstances,on no

account,at no time,in no way,on no condition,not until,not only,…

Đảo ngữ với so/such…that

1.Ta sử dụng biện pháp đảo ngữ với so và tính từ khi động từ chính là động từ tobe

Eg:So devasting were the floods that some ares may never recover

2.Đảo ngữ với such dùng với to be có nghĩa tương đương với so much,so great

Eg:Such was the force of storm that trees were uprooted

Biện pháp đảo ngữ này chỉ được sử dụng khi so và such đặt ở đầu mệnh đề

2/ Emplasic

Verb:

Eg:I love you

I do love you

Subject or Object: ta dùng đại từ phản thân ngay sau chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ

I love you yourself

I myself love you

It is/was………that/who… (chính là…….mà)

Eg:Tom gave me a bunch of roses on my birthday

It was Tom who gave me a bunch of roses on my birthday

Adj: It is/was…+ Adj + (for+O) + to_V(inf)/ that clause

Eg:

1.Learning English is very important to me

It is important for me to learn English

It is important that I must learn English

Imperative(mệnh lệnh)

Khẳng định:you trước động từ

Phủ định:you sau donot

Eg:

1.Listen to me

Do listen to me

2.Donot talk in class

Donot you talk in class

Dạng câu 2 mệnh đề:cái này mình lấy ví dụ,bạn tự rút ra nhá

Eg:

1/I need water.I donot need milk

It is water,not milk that I need

2/I saw Lan.I did not see Tom

It was Lan,not Tom that I saw

Các đại từ phản thân:

I => myself

you => yourself / yourselves

he => himself

she =>herself

it => itself

we => ourselves

they => themselves

Đây là bài tập phần Clause and Phrase of concession.Viết lại câu với từ gợi ý

1.Mary will take a plane even though she dislike flying(inpsite of)

2.In spite of her poor memory,the old woman told interesting stories to the children.(enven though)

3.Though he has been absent frequently,he has mânged to pass the test.(in spite of)

4.Nancy told me the secret depite having promised not to do so(though)

5.Though it got dark,they continued to work(despite)

6.In spite of the high price,my daughter insists on going to the movie everyday(even though)

7.In spite of being warned,he still got an electric shock.(though)

8.He didnot eat much in spite of being hungry.(although)

9.Although he was talented,nobody admired him.(depite)

10.Although she is wealthy ,she isnot happy(in spite of)