INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Listening is a crucial skill in everyday communication and plays a significant role in both daily interactions and the educational process Its importance is especially pronounced in the context of learning a foreign language This article presents the thesis titled “A Study on the Difficulties in Learning Listening Skills Perceived by Learners,” highlighting the challenges faced by individuals in developing effective listening abilities.
English-majored freshmen at Industrial University of HCM City.’’ For the several reasons:
English facilitates seamless communication with people worldwide and enhances career opportunities With many international investors operating in Vietnam, proficiency in English significantly boosts your chances of securing a well-paying job.
English is crucial for individuals looking to travel or study abroad, as it enables effective communication and a deeper understanding of local dialects, cultures, and cuisines Prioritizing listening skills is essential for learners, as it forms the foundation of mastering the English language According to Pourhosein Gilakjani and Mohammadreza Ahmadi, focusing on listening can significantly enhance language acquisition.
Listening plays a vital role in effective communication, especially in foreign language learning, as it serves as a primary source of language input (Rost, 1994) Proper comprehension of this input is essential for meaningful learning progress As highlighted by Krashen (1985) and Hamouda (2013), the development of listening skills is crucial for acquiring comprehensible input, and without feedback, language learning cannot occur.
Rural children in Vietnam have limited exposure to the English language outside the classroom, making classroom instruction crucial The poor quality of audio cassettes negatively impacts listening practice and assessment, particularly in rural areas where tape players are often substandard or battery-operated Consequently, students face significant challenges in developing their listening skills due to inadequate sound quality This study aims to enhance students' understanding of the importance of listening in learning English and to address their listening difficulties, ultimately helping them improve their listening abilities.
Research objectives
This study aims at investigating:
(1) English-majored freshmen’s perceptions of the importance of listening skills
(2) The barriers that students face when learning to listen
(3) The techniques or strategies that learners use to improve their listening abilities
Research questions
1.3.1 What barriers do students encounter in learning listening skill?
1.3.2 What techniques or strategies that students can apply to improve listening skill?
Scope of the study
This study is going to cover these following:
- This research mainly focus on the freshmen’s perceptions of the importance and difficulties in learning listening skills for English-majored freshmen at Industrial University of HCM city
The researcher aims to not only clarify existing issues but also to recommend effective strategies for students to enhance their listening skills By implementing appropriate instructional methods, students can successfully overcome their listening challenges.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Definition of key/concepts
In the communication process, listening relates to the capability to accurately receive and comprehend communications
Effective communication hinges on strong listening skills; without them, messages can be easily misinterpreted This breakdown in communication often leads to frustration or irritation for the sender, highlighting the critical role of active listening in conveying messages clearly.
There are some definitions given by linguist:
Listening is a fundamental skill that a child develops from birth, as it plays a crucial role in acquiring language and understanding the world According to Underwood (1989), children learn to speak by observing and listening to their parents Rost (2009) emphasizes that listening is essential for effective communication and comprehension of our surroundings Furthermore, Michael and Deborah (1997) highlight that listening helps establish meaningful relationships with family, friends, and colleagues This vital skill not only fosters connections but also allows individuals to learn from others' experiences and perspectives, ultimately leading to personal growth and deeper social bonds.
Listening comprehension is a multifaceted skill defined in various ways, encompassing the ability to accurately receive and analyze information during communication It involves attentive hearing and resembles a reading process, necessitating a solid understanding of phonology, grammar, semantics, and overall text comprehension.
Listening involves more than just passively hearing sounds; it encompasses a complex process where sound waves are received by the ear and converted into nerve impulses that the brain interprets (Brown, 2001) This highlights that effective listening comprehension is a multifaceted skill that requires active engagement and cognitive processing.
Listening involves three essential elements: the sender, the message, and the listener According to Vishwanath Bite, effective listening skills are crucial for accurately receiving messages, as they encompass both hearing and psychological engagement with the speaker Additionally, research by Johnson (1951) and Hampleman (1958) highlights that listening skills play a vital role in the communication process, enabling individuals to differentiate between words and comprehend their meanings.
Finally, according to Herbert J Walberg, listening skills are essential for learning since they :” enable students to acquire insights and information, and to achieve success in communicating with others ”
Results of previous studies
Firstly, "FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEARNING LISTENING ENGLISH".Kurniawati's
A 2019 study aimed to identify the challenges faced by students in listening comprehension, focusing on both internal and external factors Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method, the research involved 40 student participants and presented findings through detailed reports and descriptions Key difficulties identified included health issues, unclear instructional materials, insufficient support, and a lack of training opportunities for enhancing English listening skills with both peers and native speakers (Kurniawati, 2019).
Ahkam Hasan Assaf's research paper, "The Difficulties Encountered by EFL Learners in Listening Comprehension as Perceived by ELC Students at the Arab American University-Jenin," investigates the challenges faced by EFL students in listening comprehension Utilizing a survey questionnaire and interview questions for data collection, the study reveals that students' difficulties in listening comprehension do not significantly vary based on academic level, year, gender, type of school, or years of English study The focus of the research is on identifying these challenges rather than offering effective solutions to enhance listening skills among students.
A study by Nowrouziand et al (2015) investigated the listening comprehension problems faced by Iranian EFL students Utilizing the Listening Comprehension Processing Problems Questionnaire, data was collected from 100 tertiary-level EFL learners The findings revealed that these students experienced moderate to high difficulties across three key areas of listening comprehension: perception, parsing, and utilization.
Furthermore, according to Hasbi & Adhimah, 2021, the research entitled "STUDENTS’
The study titled "Difficulties Toward English Listening Comprehension and Its Addressing Strategies" was conducted in an intensive English language class at Edi Islamic Boarding School, Salatiga, to identify students' challenges in listening comprehension Data was collected through a descriptive design, utilizing quantitative data from a questionnaire and qualitative insights from observations and interviews with 30 students and 8 English teachers The findings revealed that the primary difficulties stemmed from native speakers' accents, the classroom atmosphere, the rapid pace of speech, students' limited English vocabulary, and a lack of attentiveness among the students.
Previous research has identified several common challenges in language learning, including vocabulary limitations, grammatical issues, pronunciation and accent difficulties, cultural differences, psychological barriers, the quality of recorded materials, and the length and speed of listening exercises.
2.2.1 The importance of listening skills
Listening is a key skill in communication To begin with, one of the most fundamental abilities in learning a new language is listening According to Kim (2014), who also emphasized that
Developing listening skills is crucial for language learning, as it significantly enhances the other three language skills According to Barket (1971), listening aids students in building vocabulary, achieving language proficiency, and improving overall language usage Furthermore, Rost (2009) emphasizes that listening is essential for understanding our surroundings and is a key component of effective communication.
Listening with purpose demands inner strength and the bravery to embrace diverse perspectives, acknowledging that our own beliefs may be flawed This essential skill fosters relationship-building, enhances learning from experiences, and deepens our understanding of others' thoughts and interests Ultimately, effective listening opens doors to success and nurtures meaningful connections among individuals.
In conclusion, listening is a vital life skill that enhances communication and fosters stronger connections It plays a crucial role in language acquisition and offers benefits to individuals, families, businesses, and even the environment Therefore, English learners should prioritize developing their listening skills to achieve greater success.
2.2.2 The common barriers in learning listening skills 2.2.2.1 Vocabulary
Chastain (1988) highlights that insufficient vocabulary is a primary reason students struggle to communicate effectively For children, this vocabulary gap poses significant challenges, making it hard for them to articulate their thoughts and actively listen to others Similarly, Wilkins emphasizes the importance of vocabulary in effective communication.
(1972) said that "without grammar, very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed" This sentence demonstrates the importance of vocabulary when learning the English language
Another issue is that many words have many meanings, and when they are used in their less common meanings, learners become confused
Vocabulary is essential for enhancing language skills, as it forms the foundation of language proficiency According to Richard and Renandya (2002), a robust vocabulary enables learners to effectively engage in speaking, listening, reading, and writing across various contexts Conversely, insufficient vocabulary can hinder comprehension; as noted by John and Shane (2004), students who are unfamiliar with key terms in a text are likely to struggle with understanding the material.
Prioritizing vocabulary is essential, as a limited vocabulary can lead to significant hearing difficulties Additionally, grammar plays a crucial role in enhancing listening skills.
The significance of grammar knowledge in listening skills has not been extensively studied, despite existing research highlighting its strong connection to reading comprehension (Grabe, 2004) Cognitive psychology suggests that understanding the structure of English is crucial for grasping sentence meaning during comprehension (Anderson, 2009).
In contrast, according to Mecartty (2000), grammatical knowledge does not significantly contribute to either listening or reading comprehension, but vocabulary knowledge plays a key role in L2 listening comprehension ability
Additionally, according to Van Patten (1990), learners, particularly early-stage learners, struggle to pay attention to both form and content while listening
Field (2008) suggests that listeners often overlook function words, which are crucial for grammar, while focusing more on content words that convey lexical meaning This indicates that distinguishing between lexical and grammatical knowledge may be challenging, as listeners typically integrate both syntactic and semantic cues when interpreting sentences.
Pronunciation plays a vital role in effective communication, especially in listening skills Research by Gilakjani (2012) indicates that learners with strong English pronunciation are more likely to be understood, even when they make mistakes in other areas, while those with poor pronunciation may struggle to convey their message, regardless of their grammatical accuracy Proficient pronunciation enables students to express themselves confidently and accurately interpret others' messages Conversely, inadequate pronunciation can result in misunderstandings and communication errors.
A study by Goh (1999) found that 66% of learners identified a speaker's accent as a crucial factor influencing listener comprehension Unfamiliar accents, whether native or non-native, can significantly hinder listening comprehension, disrupting the process and rendering understanding difficult for listeners.
2.2.2.4 Cultural differences and unfamiliar topics
Background knowledge is essential for students to successfully listen to English According to Proverb (1990), "background knowledge includes knowledge of target culture, knowledge of current affairs, arts, politics, and literature."
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research site
The study was conducted at the IUH Faculty of Foreign Languages, specifically within the DHAV17 course, focusing on first-year English majors at the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City This university boasts a highly trained faculty and state-of-the-art facilities, ensuring its training quality meets Southeast Asia's AUN-QA accreditation standards Established in 2005, the Faculty of Foreign Languages is one of the university's four faculties that adhere to these criteria, located on the first level of Building B.
Participants
A study was conducted with 100 randomly selected first-year students from K17 at FFL, who were in their second semester of the 2022-2023 academic year at IUH These students, hailing from various regions of Vietnam, exhibited diverse English proficiency levels influenced by their provincial and rural backgrounds.
Importantly, students will receive a questionnaire relating to typical listening issues
Furthermore, the findings of this study assist students in recognizing common errors and improving self-correction.
Research methodology and research methods
Quantitative research is a systematic study focused on numerical data and structured analysis, making it ideal for addressing specific problems or generating new research ideas This method offers several advantages, including the capability to conduct large-scale surveys involving numerous participants, the efficiency and accuracy of data collection, and the rapid generation of statistical insights.
The questionnaire serves as a crucial research tool aimed at gathering background information from learners while identifying the challenges hindering their listening abilities It seeks to collect detailed insights into students' specific problems, ultimately validating the hypothesis with precision.
To maintain the integrity of exam results, an online survey link was exclusively sent to freshmen majoring in English, involving 100 participants The survey utilized questionnaires, a widely used quantitative research method, to identify common listening errors Questionnaires are cost-effective and require less effort compared to other survey types, typically featuring close-format questions that facilitate straightforward data analysis The questionnaire comprised three sections, with the first section dedicated to gathering participants' personal information and their perceptions of their listening skills.
The article explores participants' names, their duration of English study, and their self-assessment of listening skills It then identifies common listening mistakes made by freshmen Lastly, the article discusses various techniques that students commonly use to enhance their listening abilities in the language learning process.
Procedures
➢ Step 1: Approaching the research field
Selecting a meaningful topic is the crucial first step in the research process at FFL After identifying the topic, it is essential to engage in thorough reading to gather relevant facts My group engaged in discussions to finalize our topic, which now requires approval from our supervisor.
The questionnaire, developed through Google Forms, comprised two main sections: the initial part gathered participants' personal information and their perceptions regarding their listening skills.
The second section focuses on identifying listening errors commonly made by freshmen, while the third section highlights effective strategies that students employ to enhance their listening skills during the learning process.
➢ Step 3: Distributing the link to questionnaire
Google Forms offers an easy method to share questionnaires through a short link, ensuring that only FFL students can access the investigation link within the group, thereby enhancing trustworthiness.
➢ Step 4: Collecting and analyzing the data
Online surveys can be completed in just a few minutes, enabling us to quickly gather and analyze feedback from participants Students' responses are automatically stored in a Google Forms system, ensuring long-term data retention.
Data analysis
Google Forms is an efficient online tool for data collection, enabling researchers to gather participant responses seamlessly and access real-time data visualizations The collected data can be organized in Google Sheets for in-depth analysis Additionally, Microsoft Excel is utilized to tabulate and statistically evaluate the data, presenting findings through pie and bar charts, with a focus on objects that exhibit higher percentages for further analysis.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Finding
Figure 4.1: The accessed amount of time when the first-year students have been learning
The pie chart illustrates the duration of English study among students, revealing that 49% have been learning the language for over ten years, which accounts for nearly half of the surveyed participants.
The next two ratios demonstrate that 31% of students begin learning English between the ages of
According to the data, most IUH freshmen have been exposed to English from a young age, with 15% starting between the ages of 4 and 6 Additionally, only 5% of students have had less than three years of English exposure, indicating that the majority have a long-standing background in the language.
The Question 2: “The purpose of this question is to find out what the participants think about learning to listen.”
Figure 4.2: The participants' opinions about learning listening skills
According to the graph, kids frequently experience two sentiments when listening: challenging and uninteresting
According to the data presented, nearly half of the participants (49 percent) struggle with listening comprehension, highlighting it as the most challenging skill to master in language learning Interestingly, the proportion of students who strongly agree and those who strongly disagree on this issue is nearly equal, each at around 19 percent Despite years of studying English, most freshmen find listening skills particularly difficult, with only a small percentage expressing confidence in their abilities Conversely, significantly fewer students reported feeling afraid of listening tasks.
The second graph reveals that 36% of respondents consider listening comprehension to be uninteresting, with 31% specifically finding listening to English unengaging Conversely, 21% of participants disagree with this negative perception Overall, a significant portion of individuals still view listening skills as intriguing, despite the prevailing sentiment of disinterest, with 37% expressing that they find these skills captivating.
The question 3: “What barriers do students encounter in listening skills?”
Figure 4.3: The barriers students encounter in listening skills
The graph highlights the various obstacles students encounter in their listening skills, revealing that limited vocabulary, difficulty concentrating, unfamiliar listening content, fast-paced speech, and restricted cultural and social awareness are the five main challenges learners commonly face.
According to the bar chart data, 68 percent of learners identify insufficient vocabulary as the primary obstacle to their listening skills This lack of vocabulary hampers their ability to complete listening tests and impedes their understanding of spoken communication.
A significant challenge faced by English students is their struggle with listening skills, with 64% of pupils reporting difficulty in speaking quickly, making it the second most common issue Additionally, 58% of students encounter unfamiliar content during listening exercises, while 40% lack the necessary cultural and social understanding Furthermore, 39% of students find it hard to concentrate while listening to English This data indicates a widespread belief among students that their listening abilities are limited, highlighting the urgent need for IUH freshmen to seek solutions to enhance their listening skills.
The question 4: “How often do you have problems with listening skills? “
Figure 4.4: The percentage of students that have difficulties
The graph highlights that a significant 73% of students experience challenges in developing their listening skills, either occasionally or regularly Additionally, 21% of students report persistent difficulties with listening In contrast, only a small percentage of students indicate that they rarely or never face such issues.
The figures previous paragraph shows that students spend a significant amount of time struggling with listening; listening is a significant challenge for students
The question 5: “ How often do you encounter the following problems? ”
Figure 4.5.1: Problems from the listening material
Problems Never Rarely sometimes often always
Unfamiliar topics significantly hinder listening comprehension, with students facing challenges in 54% of cases (sometimes) and 35% (often and always) The presence of jargon makes it difficult for them to grasp the message when they are not acquainted with the subject matter To improve their skills, it is essential for students to practice with diverse materials regularly.
A significant challenge for students during listening activities is the lack of background knowledge, with 52 percent reporting occasional struggles and 42 percent indicating frequent difficulties This prior knowledge plays a crucial role in helping listeners quickly identify the topic of the lesson, making the listening process more manageable and effective.
Learner language difficulties often stem from linguistic challenges, particularly in listening comprehension A significant 88 percent of students report that the linking of words—specifically when the first word ends and the next begins with a vowel—poses a major barrier to understanding spoken language This issue leads to misinterpretation of linking words and a lack of awareness of the conveyed meanings.
Many learners struggle with comprehension due to limited exposure to diverse accents, with 36% of students experiencing this issue sometimes and 46% often For instance, understanding English spoken by Indian speakers can be challenging because of their unique intonation and pronunciation, which may lead to misunderstandings and hinder effective listening.
According to Yagang (1994), listeners become accustomed to the accents they frequently hear This familiarity can lead to difficulties in understanding other accents if they are primarily exposed to standard British or American accents.
A significant 80% of students believe that lengthy listening texts hinder their comprehension, often leading to increased pressure during the activity This pressure can negatively impact their overall performance Additionally, a staggering 87% of students report difficulties with the speech rate, which contributes to their anxiety while listening When faced with long audio passages, effective note-taking becomes essential; however, many students struggle with this skill, finding it challenging to take notes concurrently with listening.
Many students struggle with understanding colloquial language, with only 13% rarely facing this challenge, while 82% encounter it frequently Listening to informal conversations is significantly more challenging than comprehending formal dialogues typically used in English classrooms Authentic language encompasses colloquial terms, expressions, and slang, which learners often find difficult to grasp.
Discussion
This study will be divided into two parts to solving the listening problem of English majored freshmen at the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City
4.2.1 Perspectives on Listening Comprehension Issues
Listening is a crucial skill for mastering the English language, yet many freshmen English majors face significant challenges in this area Difficulties arise from various factors, including linguistic complexities, lack of background knowledge, psychological barriers, and the speed and length of spoken language.
Students often struggle to listen to English effectively due to various factors related to linguistics, with a significant disadvantage being a limited vocabulary.
Ineffective listening can hinder students' comprehension and lead to missed key information Additionally, inadequate equipment plays a significant role in reducing listening effectiveness Students often struggle with listening challenges related to the length and pace of speech; lengthy lessons can impair concentration, while rapid delivery may cause listeners to overlook crucial words.
To support this study, Hasan (2000) noted that students face difficulties when speakers speak too quickly, with different accents, or with unclearly pronounced words
Furthermore, the study found that noise was the most significant factor causing listening problems
Background and environmental noises, along with inadequate equipment, significantly disrupt listening comprehension Yagang (1994) identifies noise, visual distractions, and low-quality equipment as key contributors to listening difficulties Additionally, the listener's ability plays a crucial role; some individuals struggle to grasp the content on the first listen, while subpar equipment further diminishes understanding.
4.2.2 Recommendations for Resolving Listening Comprehension Issues
To improve their listening skills, participants recommended various strategies such as watching movies, listening to music, engaging in online ESL listening games, and communicating with native speakers These activities not only enhance listening abilities but also familiarize students with different accents and vocabulary, ultimately leading to a better understanding of narratives.
CONCLUSIONS
Conclusions
In conclusion, effective listening is essential for both language acquisition and everyday interactions However, many students face challenges in this area, including unfamiliar topics and vocabulary, insufficient background knowledge, varying speeds of speech, diverse accents, background noise, inadequate listening equipment, and various linguistic obstacles that hinder their ability to comprehend.
Inadequate listening strategies can significantly hinder learners' comprehension abilities Factors such as the quality of listening materials and the physical environment also contribute to these challenges To develop effective listening skills, students need increased exposure to diverse listening experiences Furthermore, dedicating more time to practice is essential, along with learning personalized strategies based on their own experiences.
Teachers are crucial in guiding students on effective strategies for enhancing their listening skills This article presents solutions aimed at improving the listening abilities of students at the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City.
The study highlights the challenges faced by learners in improving their listening skills, revealing that insufficient practice is a significant issue It emphasizes the importance of cultivating a positive mindset towards listening, which can boost motivation and enhance comprehension of messages.
Recommendations
This study identifies key barriers faced by English majors in listening comprehension and proposes effective strategies for improvement It emphasizes the importance of extensive practice, encouraging students to engage with diverse topics and accents to enhance their familiarity and background knowledge Additionally, students are advised to apply appropriate strategies tailored to different types of listening texts for optimal results.
Teachers are essential in equipping students with effective techniques to enhance their listening skills Throughout each lesson, they guide students through various stages of listening comprehension, fostering skill development This research not only examines the methods teachers use in their instruction but also offers insights into students' perspectives on their listening abilities.
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