(LUẬN văn THẠC sĩ) an investigation into cultural meaning of love declarations in english and vietnamese folklores

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES LU'U THI THANH TU AN INVESTIGATION INTO CULTURAL MEANING OF LOVE DECLARATIONS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE FOLKLORES A f j^ ^ f t A ' > ^ (TIM HIEU Y NGHIA VAN HOA CUA LOi TO TINH TRONG CAC BAI DAN CA TIENG ANI1 VA TIENG VIET) M.A THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 5.04.09 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Van Do HANOI, 2009 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Part one: Introduction 1.1 Justification 1.2 A i m and objectives o f the study 1.3 Scope o f the study 1.4 Methods o f the study 1.5 Design o f the study Part two: Development Chapter one: Theoretical background 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The relationship between language and culture 1.2.1 Nature, culture, language 10 1.2.2 Communities and their effects on language users 11 1.3 Tropes 13 1.3.1 Simile 13 1.3.2 Metaphor 14 1.4 Folklore as a genre 14 1.4.1 Introduction 14 1.4.2 Love declarations in folklore as a genre 15 1.5 Summary 18 Chapter two: Love declarations in English folklores 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Nature, Culture and Language used in love declarations 19 2.3 Tropes o f love declarations in English folklore 25 2.3.1 Simile used in love declarations in English folklore 25 2.3.2 Metaphor used in love declarations in English folklore 25 2.4 Summary Chapter three: Love declarations in Vietnamese folklore 26 27 Introduction 27 Cultural images used in love declarations 28 3 Tropes o f love declarations in Vietnamese folklore 36 3.3.1 Simile in love declarations in Vietnamese folklore 37 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 3.3.2 Metaphor in love declarations in Vietnamese folklore 38 3.4 Summary 40 Part three: Conclusion 41 3.1 Comparison between English and Vietnamese love declarations in folklore 41 3.1.1 Similarities 41 3.1.2 Differences 42 3.2 Summary of the thesis 42 3.3 Implications from the study 43 3.4 Suggestions for further study 43 References TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 45 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores PART ONE: INTRODUCTION 1,1 JUSTIFICATION The communication of love is an important aspect of interpersonal relationships across cultures But saying "I love you" can be ver>' delicate walk, with much gra\ area, regarding what can and should be communicated about love, when, b\ whom and to whom Love is sometimes felt but not expressed, other times, love is expressed only nonverbally; and still other times, it is communicated verbally, with or without nonverbal manifestations In English and Vietnamese, the way people choose to express love is not the same as it is afTected by cultural values Love declarations include in themselves people's viewpoints which are presented quite differenth in the two languages Hence, what needs to be carried out in this study will be an investigation of cultural meaning of love declarations in folklores of the two languages in order U) llnd out the similarities and differences between them, fhc thesis also attempts to explain what are behind the differences uncovered in the investigation Our thesis is entitled "An investigation into the cultural meaning of love declarations in English and Vietnamese folklores" The choice of the thesis is generated from two reasons: Firstly, as Swales (1990: 34) stated that "the concept of genre has maintained a central position in folklore studies ever since the pioneering work in the earl\ nineteenth century" The functionalist in folklore would rather stress socio-cullural value For Malinowski (I960, cited in Swales 1990:35) "folklore genres contribute to the maintenance and survival of social groups because the\ serve social and spiritual needs" Perhaps inevitably, to assign cultural \alue also requires the in\estigator to pa\ attention to how a community views and itself classify genre This idea will lead to the tact that love declaration is a mode of social communication and is onl\ a genre among others, therefore, we would like to investigate love declaration in English and Vietnamese folklores to see the similarities and diftcrences of this genre in the two languages SecondK lo\e declarations, as mentioned above, relleel human's ideolog\, so we wish to see how the ideologies represented in the two languages TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores We optimistically hope that the thesis will help students of English, and students of culture as it could provide an insight into the similarities and differences of love declarations in English and Vietnamese folklores 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY A popularized view of emotion is that it is a physiological process associated with the nervous system Located all the core of the nervous system is a universal and essential set of emotional states One of these could be said to be love Ever>body experiences the state of being in love at least once in a life time While the universality of some emotional state may not be in dispute, how person interprets and manifests those emotional experiences will differ across cultures Hence, this paper aims to advance an understanding of emotion expression as a de-essentialised domain and to view it as "a cultural and interpersonal process of naming, justifying, and persuading by people in relationship to each other" (Lutz, 1998:5) We will take "love declaration" in Vietnamese and English folklores as a point of access into cultural communication systems L3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY Within cultural meaning, our anahtieal task was therefore: a) describing the locution "I love you" in love declaration wiih reference to its occurrence and non-occurrence, where it occurs, with whom?, in what language(s) and dialcct(s), in which verbal forms, about which topics, as part of what interactional sequences, and with what observable consequences; and b) interpreting the participants understandings of the lo\e declaration given the patterned contingencies under a) above It is through holding the phenomena of emotion expression as a constant that we will search the cultural \ariabilit> in order to understand the general forces and particular features of emotion expression Our focus here will be on the performance of communication patterns u ithin intimate personal relationships Our interest then falls on the expression of lo\e within intimate/personal relationships Our expectation is that the expression of love will be of those communicative activities that give force and meaning to intimate personal relationships In intercultural relationship it is our h>pothesis that love declarations also function to locate and gi\e voice to cultural idcntit\ Put simpl\ to say or not to sa\ "I lo\e you" can also be communicating much atx)ul communal understandings of socialit}, of person, and their strategic activities TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores Within the scope of the thesis, the author investigates 100 love declarations in English folklore and 100 love declarations in Vietnamese folklore 1.4 METHOD OF THE STUDY To fulfill the aim of the study, the main methods used are descriptive and comparative The study deals with love declarations in English and Vietnamese folklores, therefore, a great number of love declarations in English and Vietnamese folklore were collected then 50 love declarations in each language have been carefully selected, after that we try to analyse the love declarations in terms of cultural meanings, genre and tropes and then synthesize the result to find out the similarities and differences of people's auitudes in the two languages In fulfilling the focuses of the study in comparing the two languages' love declarations, descriptive method has been applied to present prominent features of love declarations in the two languages, the results achieved, in turn, are then compared and contrasted to see the similarities and differences between the two languages in expressing love The fundamental theories that are applied in the study is the cultural stud> of Robert Lado (I960): Claire Kramsch (2000): and the linguistic study of poetry by Leech (1968) and other Vietnamese researchers such as Dinh Gia Khanh Chu Xuan Dien and others 1.5 DESIGN OF THE STUDY The study is divided into three parts Part 1- Introduction- introduces the justification, the aims, the objectives, the method the scope and the design of the study Part II- Development- consists of three chapters: Chapter one presents the theoretical background to the stud\ the relationship of language and culture and language cultural identit> introduced b> Claire Kramsch (2000) and Robert Lado (1960) and some Vietnamese researchers such as Vu Ngoc Phan Lu Huy Nguyen, Dang Van Lung and Tran Thi An It also presents the theoretical background of tropes written b\ Leech (1969), Dennis Freeborn and some Vietnamese researchers such as Dinh Gia Khanh et.al (2003), Chu Xuan Dien (2003) Le Van Chuong (2004) etc This chapter also consider folklore as a genre based on the idea presented b\ Swales (1990) Chapter two describes love declarations in English folklore from two perspectives: culture, and versification In terms of culture, the description will be concerned with the TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores Voipha vdi nghia, thuSc ndng vdi duyen " Or: Trdu vdng nhd idn cau xanh Duyen em sdnh vdi tinh anh tuyet vdi The following examples are love declarations which are described through i metaphorical expression: Cho anh mot mieng trdu vdng Mai sau anh trd cho ndng ddi mdm Yeu chdng Idy duac Con Igv ho ddi, budng cau ho gid Or: Tir ngdy dn phai mieng trdu Mieng dn mdi dd dg sdu ddm chieu Mot thuang, hai nhd, ba sdu Cam dn chdng duac, dn trdu cdm hai Generally speaking, most love declarations of Vietnamese people in folklore are composed with the use of metaphor in them These metaphorical expressions are used with cultural images which are familiar with Vietnamese people Those who share Vietnamese culture understand why Vietnamese people tend to use man\ cultural images such as "thuyen- ben " "cau- trdu " "man- ddo " to express their lo\e declarations 39 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores 3.4 SUMMARY In this chapter we have attempted to examine love declarations of Vietnamese people in folklore in terms of cultural images In terms of tropes, we look at metaphor, simile From the result achieved, we try to draw out people's attitudes and sentiments behind the use of language The following part, the conclusion, will be the comparison of love declarations in folklore between the two languages 40 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores PART THREE: CONCLUSION 3.1 A COMPARISON BETWEEN LOVE DECLARATIONS IN ENGLISH AND VIENAMESE FOLKLORES 3.1.1 Similarities Through our study, some similarities are drawn from the comparison between English and Vietnamese love declarations as follows: Both English and Vietnamese love declarations aims at expressing love between men and women, asking for a marriage, through that express their auitudes and sentiments about love Love declarations in both English and Vietnamese folklores are severed to propose a wedding Both languages show people's attitudes with the use of many cultural images which are understood by people of that culture It is possible to come to conclusion that, the association of love of both groups are based on the differing values given to the understanding in both cultures This is a view of culture that focuses on the ways of thinking, behaving and valuing currently shared b\ member of the same discourse community Differences Besides, through the investigation into love declarations in English and Vietnamese folklores, we have so far uncovered the differences of philosophs l\ing behind each nation's love declarations as follows: In terms of cultural meaning, we have found out the following points in the study: In our stud\, we have found out that there is a close relationship between love expressions and the factors like cultural images, nature That is the reason wh\ English people often associate love with lite, absence, happiness, relationship between man and woman, beautv, voulh, the heart, the kiss, marriage, famil_\, jealous), hatred and fidelit\ 41 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores Beside that, when expressing love, English people tend to speak explicitly, hence they use a lot of the word "love" in their love declarations Whereas, in Vietnamese folklore, Vietnamese people intend to use indirect ways to express love That is the reason why the author has found out that indirect love declarations account for a great percentage and have higher art value than directed love declarations Expressing love implicitly means that the true feeling and love of people are hidden in the images and language used by speakers In terms of cultural meaning, Vietnamese people tend to use normally typical cultural images such as "cay da- bin nude- do", "trdu- cau", "chiic do", "thuylm- bin", "man- ddo " to express their love In Vietnamese love declarations, people tend to show their feelings through working conditions at the current time while in English love declarations, people simply express their love explicitly In the study of tropes, it is found that Vietnamese people show their interest in using the metaphorical language to avoid explicit explanation as the\ tr\ to reveal their attitudes, their feelings in love declarations while English people tend io use explicit love declarations, and the metaphor, if being used mainl\ aims at creating \ ivid imagination In summar>, in order to propose their love, the English and Vietnamese people's choice is love declarations (in the thesis we onl\ focus on lo\e declarations in folklore), however, the ways in which they express love are ver\ different We have gone through the study of those differences in them, hoping that the stud\ contributes to the insights which should be taken by ones who are interested in the field 3.2 SUMMARY OF THE THESIS The study so far has concentrated on describing the lo\e declarations in English and Vietnamese folklores, it also has brought about the similarities and differences between them The relationship of language and culture are considered, in addition to that, cultural images, the community of language users, nature, culture and language are also taken into consideration 1-urthermore, folklore as a genre and lo\e declaration as a genre are studied And last but not least, tropes in love declarations in English and Vietnamese folklores are looked at to find out what is popular in each language's love declarations After that a 42 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores comparison is drawn upon the result found in the investigation to find out the similarities and differences between them, of which, we mainly concentrated on the differences 3.3 IMPLICATIONS FROM THE STUDY The comparison of love declarations in English and Vietnamese folklores is based on the comparison of the genre between the two languages, with the linguistic feature as materials, it is shown that linguistics is ver> helpful in analyzing a Iiterar\ text in uncovering the ideologies lying behind each language A suggestion that can be made from the study is that in showing their love, declaring their love and proposing their marriage, English people and Vietnamese have very different ways and one from this culture may find it strange if encounters similar situations in the other The use of language is important, however, to have a correct response in a certain situation, people should learn how to react correctly in another language and it is only done perfectly through a thorough understanding of the standard behaviour in that society Thus, the way a man declares his love to a woman, vie versus should be learnt b\ language learners as a part of the target language culture that s/he should learn The ways English and Vietnamese people express and declare their love are different in many ways, therefore, learners should know the difTerences between the use of two languages to avoid difficulties in acquiring the language competence to reach to a high level of proficiency in communication To researchers, the result of the study is fresh and could be taken as clue for another studies related to the field such as the culture, sociology, linguistics etc as it brings about insights into the use of language, the behaviour of each culture in declaring love, the feelings showing that each language manifests in their love declarations etc 3.5 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY This study has been the first trial to uncover the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese love declarations in folklore, however, it has been limited to the some aspects investigated only, the following studies, if possible, should be in the love declarations of the modern time of the two languages so that we can ha\e a deeper understanding of the two societies 43 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores Also, further study should be of English and Vietnamese love declarations of husband and wife so that we can reach to more thorough understanding of the ideology in love declarations of the two languages The study focuses in comparing English and Vietnamese love declarations as a genre, therefore, further research should be made on other related genres such as love songs in the two languages 44 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores REFERENCES In English Brown, G & Yule,G (1991) Discourse Analysis Cambridge: CUP Cook, 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(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.cultural.meaning.of.love.declarations.in.english.and.vietnamese.folklores