(LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ) A study on English adverbs as modifiers (a contrastive analysis with Vietnamese equivalents)

Vietnam national university, Ha noi College of foreign languages Post-graduate department Le Thi Minh Hien A study on English adverbs as modifiers (A contrastive analysis with Vietnamese equivalents) Nghiªn cøu trạng từ tiếng Anh với chức bổ nghĩa (So sánh đối chiếu với tiếng Việt) M.a Minor-Thesis Field: English linguistics Code: 60.22.15 Hanoi, 2009 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iv Table of contents Acknowledgements ii Table of content iii Symbols and abbreviations vii List of table viii Part one: introduction 01 Rationale 02 Aims of the study 03 Scope of the study 04 Method of the study 05 Design of the study Part two: investigation Chapter I: theoretical preliminaries I.1 Definition of adverb I.2 Features of adverbs I.2.1 The complex/ derived group I.2.2 The compound group I.2.3 The simple group I.2.4 Morphonology of Vietnamese adverbs I.3 Classification of adverbs I.3.1 Syntactic classification of English adverbs I.3.2 Syntactic classification of Vietnamese adverbs I.3.3 Semantic classification of English adverbs I.3.3.1 Circumstantial adverbs TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com v I.3.3.2 Process adverbs I.3.3.3 Modal adverbs 10 I.3.3.4 Adverbs of degree 10 I.3.3.5 Focusing adverbs 10 I.3.3.6 Conjunctive adverbs 10 I.3.4 Semantic classification of Vietnamese adverbs 10 I.3.4.1 Adverbs of time 10 I.3.4.2 Adverbs of place 10 I.3.4.3 Adverbs of frequency 10 I.3.4.4 Adverbs of manner 10 I.3.4.5 Adverbs of cause/ reason 11 I.3.4.6 Adverbs of purpose 11 I.3.4.7 Adverbs of modality 11 I.3.4.8 Adverbs of degree 11 I.3.4.9 Adverbs of conjunction 11 I.3.5 Position classification of English adverbs 11 I.3.5.1 Circumstantial adverbs 11 I.3.5.2 Adverbs of manner 12 I.3.5.3 Modal adverbs 12 I.3.5.4 Adverbs of degree and focusing adverbs 12 I.3.5.5 Conjunctive adverbs 12 I.3.5.6 Adverbs in initial position 13 I.3.6 position classification of Vietnamese adverbs 13 I.4 Functions of English adverbs 14 I.4.1 What is considered to be “modifier”? 14 I.4.2 Main functions of adverbs 14 I.4.2.1 Modifier of verbs 14 I.4.2.2 Modifier of adjectives 15 I.4.2.3 Modifier of other adverbs 15 I.4.2.4 Modifier of nouns/ noun phrases 15 I.4.2.5 Modifier of participles, prepositions and prepositional phrases 16 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com vi I.4.2.6 Modifier of (pre)determiners, cardinal numerals, indefinite pronouns/quantifiers 16 I.4.2.7 Modifier of sentences 16 I.4.3 Types of modifiers 17 I.4.3.1 Grading modifiers 17 I.4.3.2 Intensifying modifier 18 I.4.3.3 Attenuating modifier 18 I.4.3.4 Quantifying modifier 18 I.4.3.5 Descriptive or attitudinal modifiers 18 I.4.3.6 Focusing or reinforcing modifiers 18 I.5 Adverbs and Adverbials 18 I.5.1 What is an adverbial? 18 I.5.2 Units realizing adverbial functions 18 I.5.3 Classes of adverbials 19 I.5.4 Types of adverbials forming sentence elements 20 I.5.4.1 What is an adjunct? 22 I.5.4.2 What is a disjunct? 26 I.5.4.3 What is a conjunct? 26 Chapter II: English adverbs as modifiers and their vietnamese equivalents 29 II.1 Contrastive analysis with teaching and learning of foreign languages 29 II.2 Modifying function of English adverbs and their Vietnamese equivalents 29 II.2.1 Modifier of adjectives and adverbs 29 II.2.2 Modifier of verbs 29 II.2.3 Modifier of nouns/ noun phrases 30 II.2.4 Modifier of particles, prepositions and prepositional phrases 31 II.2.5 Modifier of (pre)determiners/ cardinal numerals/ indefinite pronouns 31 II.2.6 Cases of subjuncts 31 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) vii II.2.7 Modifier of a sentence 31 II.3 Mobility in positions of English and Vietnamese adverbs 32 II.4 Similarities and differences between English adverbs as modifiers and Vietnamese equivalents 33 II.4.1 Similarities 33 II.4.2 Differences 34 Chapter III: Implications to teaching adverbs as modifiers 35 III.1 Errors made by Vietnamese learners in using adverb 35 III.2 An experiment 35 III.3 Error analysis 35 III.3.1 Errors in confusing adjectives and of adverbs 35 III.3.2 Errors in placing adverbs 36 III.3.3 Errors in choosing adverbs of degree (=intensifiers) 37 III.4 Suggestions for teaching and learning English adverbs as modifier 38 III.2.1 To the teachers 38 III.2.2 To the student 38 Part three: Conclusion 39 Recapitulation 39 Limitations and suggestions for further studies 40 Bibliography x Appendix I TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) viii Symbols and abbreviations A Adverbial Adv Adverb A.P Adverb phrase C Complement C.A Contrastive analysis E End position I Initial M Medial NP Noun phrase O Object S Subject P Predicate V Verb * Unacceptable/ Ungrammatical structures [ ] the number of the example used TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) ix List of table Table Types of Item Subjuncts 21 Table Residue functions 23 Table Types of circumstantial elements 23 Table Correspondence between experiential and interpersonal functions 24 Table Types of adjuncts 25 Table English adverbs of degree and their Vietnamese equivalents 29 Table Types of adverbs modifying verbs and their Vietnamese equivalents 30 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) Finally, this CA helps us make a prediction basing on an experiment to find out some common errors made by students at the Military Technical Academy in using English adverbs as modifiers The result reveals that there are three common errors: errors in confusing adjectives and of adverbs, errors in placing adverbs, errors in choosing adverbs of degree Accordingly, some types of exercises (in the Appendix III) are suggested for students to practice the use of English adverbs appropriately Limitations and suggestions for further studies: This study has limited to examples of English adverbs as modifiers in the written, especially in texts or short stories so not much attention has been paid to the conversations Moreover, much of our effort has been focused on the analysis of English adverbs as modifiers basing on Traditional Grammar and very little attempt has been made to analyze them basing on other grammar currents Therefore, further studies of the topic, if possible, should cover a broader range of English adverbs as modifiers by turning notice to such grammar currents as: Functional Grammar, Transformational-Generative Grammar, etc Besides, since the main concern of this study is on the modifying function of English adverbs, another aspect of the study, if interested, is the modification of such English units as adjectives, nouns or participles This comparison will definitely be of great value Due to my limited ability and condition of study, some mistakes are inevitable elsewhere Therefore, I would like the readers of the study to make valuable suggestions for the improvement TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) x Bibliography a English Alexander, L.G (1988) Longman English Grammar London Longman Bibber, D et al (1999) Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English Longman Bloor, T (1995) The functional analysis of English: a Halliday approach London New York Ann, C.B (1986) Health English Grammar and composition Lexington Cobuild, C (1990) English Grammar Collins Publishers, London Dixon, Robert, M.W (1991) A new approach to English grammar, on semantic principle Oxford England David M.G (2000) Syntax in Functional Grammar: an introduction to lexicogrammar in systemic linguistics London New York Downing, A and Lock, P (1992) A university course in English Grammar New York Prentice Hall International Eskerslly, C.E (1970) A Comprehensive English Grammar London, Longman 10 Eastwood, J (1999) Oxford practice grammar Oxford University Press 11 Els, T.V et al (1984) Applied Linguistics and the Learning and Teaching of Foreign Languages Adward Arnold Ltd London 12 Frances H.B (2002) A little Princess Oxford University Press 13 Fries, C.C (1945) Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language University of Michigan Press 14 Geoff, T (1996) Introducing Functional Grammar London New York Adward Arnold Ltd 15 Gerald P Delahunty & James J Garvey (1994) Language, grammar and communication McGraw-Hill, Inc 16 Halliday, M.A.K (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar New York, Edward Arnold Ltd TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) xi 17 Ivan A Sag, et al (2000) Syntactic Theory (A formal Introduction) Second Edition CSLT Publications 18 James, C (1980) Contrastive Analysis Essex: Longman 19 Jackson, H (1992) Grammar and Meaning: a semantic approach to English Grammar Longman, London New York 20 Leech, G and Svartvik (1975) A Communicative Grammar of English Essex: Longman 21 Murphy, R (1989) English Grammar in Use Cambridge University Press 22 Martin, J.R et al (1997) Working with Functional Grammar London New York Edward Arnold Ltd 23 Quirk, R and Greenbaum, S (1987) A University Grammar of English Longman 24 Quirk, et al (1985) A grammar of Contemporary English Longman 25 Richard, J (1992) Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics London, Longman 26 Swan, M (1980) Practical English Usage Oxford University Press 27 Thomson, A.J and Martinet, A.V (1989) A Practical English Grammar Oxford University Press B In Vietnamese Ban, Diệp Quang (1984) Cấu tạo câu đơn Tiếng Việt NXB Đại học s- phạm Hà nội I Ban, Diệp Quang and Thung, Hoàng Văn (2002) Ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt NXB GD Đào, Trần Thị Mai (2007) Mối quan hệ vị trí trạng tõ tiÕng Anh (cã liªn hƯ víi tiÕng ViƯt) Tạp chí Ngôn ngữ đời sống (số 8-142; tr 27-28) NXB Chính trị quốc gia Hòa, Nguyễn and Thu Minh (2006) Luyện dịch Việt-Anh NXB ĐHQG Hà nội Hạo, Cao Xuân (1991) Tiếng việt sơ thảo ngữ pháp chức NXB GD Kế, Lê Khả., Liêu, Đặng Chấn & Trọng, Phạm Duy (1997) Từ điển Việt – Anh NXB Thµnh Hå ChÝ Minh PhiÕn, Hoàng Trọng (1980) Ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt Câu NXB Đại học Trung học chuyên nghiệp, Hà nội Thản, Nguyễn Kim (1996) Cơ sở ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt NXB KHXH Hµ Néi TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) xii Thản, Nguyễn Kim (1964) Nghiên cứu ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt NXB KHXH 10 Thắng, Lý Toàn (2004) Lý thuyết trật tự từ cú pháp NXB Đại học quốc gia Hà nội 11 Thiệp, Nguyễn Huy (2004) Truyện ngắn (tái bản) Nhà xuất Hội nhà văn 12 Vân, Hoàng Văn (2002) Ngữ pháp kinh nghiệm cú Tiếng Việt: mô tả theo quan điểm chức hệ thống NXB Khoa học xà hội TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) I Appendix I A survey This survey is designed for students to collect data for research paper ‘A study on English adverbs as modifiers – A contrastive analysis with Vietnamese equivalents’ The objective of this survey is to find out common errors in learning English adverbs in general and English adverbs as modifiers in particular Your assistance in completing the following exercises is highly appreciated You can be confident that you will not be identified in any discussion of the data  Exercise 1: Underline the most suitable words/ phrases: We all went home (late/ lately) It will (certain/ certainly) be a hard job Are you going out? – (Possibly/ Certainly) I don’t know yet The exam was (really/ too) difficult I couldn’t any of it She greeted us (friendly/ in a friendly way) Exercise 2: Put the adverbs provided in the correct place by giving a tick: A tiger jumped out of a tree (suddenly) Thank you for the invitation I can’t come (unfortunately) I got out of bed and went to make a cup of tea (downstairs) She checked in her luggage She went to have a cup of coffee (then) There’s a programme on TV tonight that I’m interested in (very) Exercise 3: Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese: Tôi thích ch-ơng trình TV Đó tin tuyệt vời Chắc chắn có mặt ở ng-ời ta không cho phép đỗ xe Có lẽ chiều m-a Căn hộ tầng vừa bị đột nhập TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) II Appendix II A survey result In this study, the survey exercises are focused totally on the semantic and syntactic features as well as the positions of English adverbs as modifiers Most of the common errors found is now presented in the three tables below No Adverbs – Adjectives Right Ration of used Common errors correct answers late-lately 16/24 67% Confusing adjectives and adverbs certain-certainly 13/24 54% Confusing adjectives and adverbs possibly-certainly 23/24 96% Failure to understand semantic meaning really-too 8/24 33% Failure to understand syntactic structure No friendly-in a friendly 11/24 46% way Table 1: Errors in word choice Adverbs used Right Over-using –ly suffix Ration of Common errors wrong answers suddenly 20/24 17% Sentence adverbs in Medial position unfortunately 22/24 8% Sentence adverbs in Final position downstairs 24/24 0% No then 24/24 0% No very 22/24 8% An intensifier put before a noun Table 2: Errors in positions No Incorrect translation Ration of correct Common errors Translation 7/24 71% Semantic errors 14/24 42% Confusing gradable – upgradeable adjectives 16/24 33% Modal adverbs in Initial position 9/24 62,5% 14/24 42% Direct translation 23/24 4% Wrong order of noun modifier Adverbs of place in Initial position Table 3: Errors in translation TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) III Appendix III Suggested types of exercises Following are some exercises and an activity suggested for students’ practice on using adverbs of some types correctly and suitably These exercises were selected from different course books, ranging from simplicity to difficulty, chiefly oriented to pre-intermediate students who have already mastered the basic grammatical rules Type 1: Complete the sentences with the adverb in the correct place: A tiger jumped out of a tree (suddenly) Thank you for the invitation I can’t come (unfortunately) I got out of bed and went to make a cup of tea (downstairs) She checked in her luggage She went to have a cup of coffee (then) They have a son called Simon, and we have a son called Simon (too) There’s a programme on TV tonight that I’m interested in (very) I worked all last week (hard) I was sitting at home when something very strange happened (last Thursday evening)] Type 2: Choose a suitable adverb and put it in the correct place in the sentence: Have you finished writing your essay? (yet/ ever) Are there any letters for me? I’ve seen the postman (ago/ just) We went to a restaurant (ever/ yesterday) Put on your coat It’s cold (outside/ out) How old are you? – I’m eight It’s my birthday next week (nearly/ just) It was cold to go out so we decided to stay at home (rather/ too) Do you come here? (rarely/ often) They left the building when they heard the fire alarm ring (quickly/ soon) Type 3: Underline the correct adverbs: Are you going out? – (Possibly/ Certainly) I don’t know yet The exam was (really/ too) difficult I couldn’t any of it TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents) (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.English.adverbs.as.modifiers.(a.contrastive.analysis.with.Vietnamese.equivalents)