(LUẬN văn THẠC sĩ) an investigation into gender bias in vietnamese secondary school EFL textbook dialogues

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ********************* NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC HÀ AN INVESTIGATION INTO GENDER BIAS IN VIETNAMESE SECONDARY SCHOOL EFL TEXTBOOK DIALOGUES (Nghiên cứu thiên vị giới tính đoạn hội thoại thuộc sách giáo khoa tiếng Anh dành cho bậc THCS Việt Nam) M.A MINOR THESIS (Type I) Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231.01 Hanoi – 2019 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ********************* NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC HÀ AN INVESTIGATION INTO GENDER BIAS IN VIETNAMESE SECONDARY SCHOOL EFL TEXTBOOK DIALOGUES (Nghiên cứu thiên vị giới tính đoạn hội thoại thuộc sách giáo khoa tiếng Anh dành cho bậc THCS Việt Nam) M.A MINOR THESIS (Type I) Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231.01 Supervisor: Prof Dr Hoang Van Van Hanoi – 2019 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and effort and it has not been submitted to any other university or institution wholly or partially Hanoi, May 2019 Nguyen Thi Ngoc Ha i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My graduation thesis has been completed with the support of a great number of people First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Prof Dr Hoang Van Van who gave me a lot of valuable guidance, encouragement, criticisms and correction throughout my thesis writing Secondly, I would like to thank Dr Huynh Anh Tuan, Head of Faculty of Post Graduate Studies, and the rest of the council members for granting me the permission to conduct this thesis Last but not least, My sincere thanks go to my family, my friends for their encouragement and support that help me to complete my work ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues ABSTRACT This investigation is a quantitative study of dialogues in eight EFL textbooks used in lower secondary schools in Vietnam The chosen textbooks are Tiếng Anh tập 1, Tiếng Anh tập 2, Tiếng Anh tập 1, Tiếng Anh tập 2, Tiếng Anh tập 1, Tiếng Anh tập 2, Tiếng Anh tập 1, and Tiếng Anh tập The aim is to investigate if there is any overrepresentation of female or male characters in the dialogues in the textbooks currently being used in Vietnam This study was conducted over the dialogues of each textbook, and the researcher will look at four different typologies: (1) The number of times male/female character initiated dialogue; (2) The number of turns taken; (3) The number of characters; and (4) The number of words used The findings show that gender overrepresentation occurs in all of the investigated textbooks To be more specific, two of the eight textbooks over-represented female characters while the other six textbooks overrepresented male ones It is also worth mentioning that there is a shift from maledominated dialogues to more female-dominate dialogues from 2013 to 2016 Some pedagogical implications have been suggested to textbooks writers and learners in terms of gender bias in textbook dialogues Keywords: gender over-representation, textbook dialogues, pedagogical implications iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION i CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the Study 1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Scope of the Study 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.5.1 Theoretical Significance 1.5.2 Practical Significance 1.6 Organization of the Thesis CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Review of Previous Studies Related to the Research Area of the Thesis 2.1.1 Studies of Gender Bias in EFL Textbooks in the World 2.1.2 Studies of Gender Bias in EFL Textbooks in Vietnam 2.2 Review of Theoretical Background 10 2.2.1 Gender Theory 10 2.2.2 Influences of Gender Bias in Foreign Language Textbook Dialogues 11 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 16 3.1 Research Type 16 3.2 Research Setting 16 3.3 Material Selection 17 3.4 Research Methodology 17 3.5 Analytical Framework of the Study 19 3.5 Data Collection Procedure 19 iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues 3.6 Data Analysis Procedures 21 CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 22 4.1 Tiếng Anh tập 22 4.2 Tiếng Anh tập 23 4.3 Tiếng Anh tập 25 4.4 Tiếng Anh tập 27 4.5 Tiếng Anh tập 29 4.6 Tiếng Anh tập 31 4.7 Tiếng Anh tập 32 4.8 Tiếng Anh tập 35 4.9 Analysis and Discussion of the Findings 37 4.10 Pedagogical Implications 40 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION 42 5.1 Recapitulation 42 5.2 Limitations of the Study 43 5.3 Suggestions for Future Research 44 REFERENCES 45 GLOSSARY 49 v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION This chapter will first provide a general look at the whole study and next summarize the key findings in accordance with the research questions The limitations of the study as well as some suggestions for future studies will be acknowledged then 5.1 Recapitulation Researches in gender bias in EFL/ESL textbook dialogues have been carried out in America, Europe and some Asian countries for some decades now However, not much research has been conducted into this area in Vietnam up to the present time To fill this gap, I decided to undertake the present research In this thesis, I have looked at gender bias in the new English textbook series for lower secondary schools in Vietnam In an attempt to spot the imbalance between two genders, I have raised two research questions: 1) To what extent EFL Vietnamese lower secondary school EFL textbook dialogues: Tiếng Anh tập 1, Tiếng Anh tập 2, Tiếng Anh tập 1, Tiếng Anh tập 2, Tiếng Anh tập 1, Tiếng Anh tập 2, Tiếng Anh tập 1, Tiếng Anh tập over-represent a particular gender? 2) What pedagogical implications should be suggested to textbook authors and teachers in terms of gender bias in textbook dialogues? To answer these questions, I employed the qualitative method that Jones, Kitetu and Sunderland (1995) have used Four different typologies which were chosen to illuminate gender bias in the identified dialogues are dialogue initiation, number of turns, number of characters and number of words The result indicated that gender bias exists in Vietnamese ELF lower secondary textbook dialogues However, although this set of EFL textbooks were designed by the same group of leading Vietnamese specialists in the English language, the extent of gender over-representation are greatly different among the textbooks and typologies as well Two of the eight textbooks, namely Tiếng Anh tập and Tiếng Anh tập 2, over-represented female characters while the other six ones 42 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues over-represented male ones Of all the analyzed textbooks, Tiếng Anh tập witnesses the clearest gender imbalance of textbook characters It is also important to note that Tiếng Anh tập and Tiếng Anh tập succeeded in creating a balance between two genders in the number of words and dialogue initiations respectively Only Tiếng Anh tập includes all mixed-gender dialogue This shows that little attention was paid to gender bias during the process of writing the books because many instances of gender imbalance in visibility and firstness could have been avoided easily if the textbook writers had really interested Another interesting point is that the textbooks which over-represented male characters were published earlier than the textbooks which over-represented female characters In other words, there is a shift from male-dominated dialogues to more female-dominated dialogues from 2013 to 2016 Regarding the second research question, one pedagogical implication of my investigation is that textbook authors need to recognize the complexity of textbook dialogues in terms of gender in order to ensure opportunities for both boys and girls to practice and learn English As for the teachers, they should be cognizant of gender-bias teaching material It is their responsibility to ensure that all the teaching materials they use in the classroom offer an equal opportunity for learning for all students The teachers have to decide if a biased text will be used in a biased way or un-biased way Swapping the roles, providing the blinding texts or raising the issue for discussion are some possible solutions In brief, the result of this research will be of great interest to educators, teachers, and textbook designers who are interested in improving the quality of gender equality in the EFL textbooks 5.2 Limitations of the Study This study is just a modest example of linguistic sexism in a particular type of language teaching materials: English language textbooks by Vietnamese authors; and of course it has some limitations First, this investigation was only carried out the dialogues of 43 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues textbooks without considering the related illustration and CDs for each textbook If those materials are taken into account, the results may be different Second, the research was conducted with only one set of eight textbooks written by only one group of specialists Had the sample selection expanded, the picture of gender bias in EFL textbook dialogues would have been more colorful Finally, it is evident for the existence of gender overrepresentation but how it could affect Vietnamese teachers and students using these books has not been discovered These limitations are probably the bases for suggestions for further study, which will be presented in the next section 5.3 Suggestions for Future Research From the limitation stated above, some reasonable suggestions for further studies relating to this matter may be offered as followed First of all, it is suggested that a study on gender bias in EFL textbook dialogues including illustration images and CDs used in this set of English textbooks should be conducted In addition, an investigation into the same topic but with some other sets of English textbooks written by some other specialists is necessary so that a comparison could be made among these different sets of English textbooks Moreover, it is recommended that a study on how gender over-representation in the English textbook dialogues affect Vietnamese teachers and students in language teaching and learning should be undertaken 44 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues REFERENCES Primary sources Hoang Van Van et al (2013) Tiếng Anh tập (English Vol 1), Ha Noi: Viet Nam Education Publishing House Hoang Van Van et al (2013) Tiếng Anh tập (English Vol 2), Ha Noi: Viet Nam Education Publishing House Hoang Van Van et al (2014) Tiếng Anh tập (English Vol 1), Ha Noi: Viet Nam Education Publishing House Hoang Van Van et al (2014) Tiếng Anh tập (English Vol 2), Ha Noi: Viet Nam Education Publishing House Hoang Van Van et al (2015) Tiếng Anh tập (English Book 1), Ha Noi: Viet Nam Education Publishing House Hoang Van Van et al (2015) Tiếng Anh tập (English Book 1), Ha Noi: Viet Nam Education Publishing House Hoang Van Van et al (2016) Tiếng Anh tập (English Book 1), Ha Noi: Viet Nam Education Publishing House Hoang Van Van et al (2016) Tiếng Anh tập (English Book 2], Ha Noi: Viet Nam Education Publishing House Secondary sources Bayyurt, Y & Litosseliti, L (2006) Gender and language in education In Litosseliti, L (Ed.) Gender and Language: Theory and Practice (pp 73-89) London: Hodder Arnold 45 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues Creswell, J.W (2012) Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th ed.) Upper Saddle River: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall Darmi & Abida, F.I.N (2017) Gender Bias in Elementary School Language Textbooks International Journal of Gender and Women’s Studies, 5(1), 128-133 https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v5n1p13 Freeman, R & McElhinny, B (1996) Language and gender In McKay, S L & Hornberger, N H Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching Cambridge University Press Halliday, M.A.K (1985) An Introduction to Functional Grammar London: Edward Arnold Hartman, P & Judd, E (1978, December) Sexism and TESOL materials TESOL Quarterly, 12(4), 383-393 Hoang Van Van (2015) The Development of the Ten-Year English Textbook Series for Vietnamese Schools under the National Foreign Language 2020 Project: A CrossCultural Collaborative Experience VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, Vol 31, No.3, 1-17 Jones, M., Kitetu, C & Sunderland, J (1995) Discourse roles, gender and language textbook dialogues: Who learns what from John and Sally? Working Paper Series Lancaster: Centre for Research in Language Education Lesikin, J (2001) Determining social prominence: a methodology for uncovering gender bias in ESL textbooks In D Hall & A Hewings (Eds.), Innovation in English language teaching (pp 275-283) 46 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 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(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues 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(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues (LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues(LUAN.van.THAC.si).an.investigation.into.gender.bias.in.vietnamese.secondary.school.EFL.textbook.dialogues