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Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Difference Equations Volume 2009, Article ID 209707, 18 pages doi:10.1155/2009/209707 Research Article Existence Results for Higher-Order Boundary Value Problems on Time Scales Jian Liu1 and Yanbin Sang2 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong Economics University, Jinan Shandong 250014, China Department of Mathematics, North University of China, Taiyuan Shanxi 030051, China Correspondence should be addressed to Jian Liu, kkword@163.com Received 22 March 2009; Revised June 2009; Accepted 16 June 2009 Recommended by Victoria Otero-Espinar By using the fixed-point index theorem, we consider the existence of positive solutions for the following nonlinear higher-order four-point singular boundary value problem on time scales n n−2 i n−2 n−1 uΔ t g t f u t , uΔ t , , uΔ t 0, < t < T ; uΔ 0, ≤ i ≤ n−3; αuΔ −βuΔ ξ 0, Δn−2 Δn−1 T δu η 0, n ≥ 3, where α > 0, β ≥ 0, γ > 0, δ ≥ 0, ξ, η ∈ 0, T , ξ < η, and n ≥ 3; γu g : 0, T → 0, ∞ is rd-continuous Copyright q 2009 J Liu and Y Sang This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited Introduction Time scales and time-scale notation are introduced well in the fundamental texts by Bohner and Peterson 1, , respectively, as important corollaries In, the recent years, many authors have paid much attention to the study of boundary value problems on time scales see, e.g., 3–17 In particular, we would like to mention some results of Anderson et al 3, 5, 6, 14, 16 , DaCunha et al , and Agarwal and O’Regan , which motivate us to consider our problem In , Anderson and Karaca discussed the dynamic equation on time scales −1 n yΔ αi y Δ2i η βi y Δ2i 2n t a f t, yσ t y Δ2i t ∈ a, b , 0, a , γi y Δ2i η y Δ2i 1.1 σ b , and the eigenvalue problem −1 n yΔ 2n t λf t, yσ t 0, t ∈ a, b , 1.2 Advances in Difference Equations with the same boundary conditions where λ is a positive parameter They obtained some results for the existence of positive solutions by using the Krasnoselskii, the Schauder, and the Avery-Henderson fixed-point theorem In , by using the Gatica-Oliker-Waltman fixed-point theorem, DaCunha, Davis, and Singh proved the existence of a positive solution for the three-point boundary value problem on a time scale T given by yΔΔ t f x, y y 0, x ∈ 0, T , 0, 1.3 y σ2 , y p where p ∈ 0, ∩ T is fixed, and f x, y is singular at y and possibly at x 0, y ∞ Anderson et al gave a detailed presentation for the following higher-order selfadjoint boundary value problem on time scales: n −1 Ly t pi y Δ n−i n−i−1 ∇n−i−1 Δ ∇ −1 t n p0 y Δ n−1 ∇ ∇n−1 Δ t ··· i 1.4 − pn−3 yΔ ∇ ∇2 Δ pn−2 yΔ∇ t ∇Δ ∇ t − pn−1 yΔ t pn t y t , and got many excellent results In related papers, Sun 11 considered the following third-order two-point boundary value problem on time scales: uΔΔΔ t f t, u t , uΔΔ t u a A, u σb t ∈ a, σ b , 0, B, 1.5 uΔΔ a C, where a, b ∈ T and a < b Some existence criteria of solution and positive solution are established by using the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem In this paper, we consider the existence of positive solutions for the following higherorder four-point singular boundary value problem BVP on time scales uΔ t n g t f u t , uΔ t , , uΔ uΔ i αuΔ γuΔ n−2 n−2 δuΔ 0, t < t < T, 1.6 ≤ i ≤ n − 3, 0, − βuΔ T n−2 n−1 n−1 ξ 0, n ≥ 3, η 0, n ≥ 3, 1.7 where α > 0, β ≥ 0, γ > 0, δ ≥ 0, ξ, η ∈ 0, T , ξ < η, and g : 0, T → 0, ∞ is rd-continuous In the rest of the paper, we make the following assumptions: H1 f ∈ C 0, ∞ H2 < T g n−1 , 0, ∞ t Δt < ∞ Advances in Difference Equations In this paper, by constructing one integral equation which is equivalent to the BVP 1.6 and 1.7 , we study the existence of positive solutions Our main tool of this paper is the following fixed-point index theorem Theorem 1.1 18 Suppose E is a real Banach space, K ⊂ E is a cone, let Ωr {u ∈ K : u ≤ r} Let operator T : Ωr → K be completely continuous and satisfy T x / x, ∀ x ∈ ∂Ωr Then i if T x ≤ x , ∀ x ∈ ∂Ωr , then i T, Ωr , K ii if T x ≥ x , ∀ x ∈ ∂Ωr , then i T, Ωr , K The outline of the paper is as follows In Section 2, for the convenience of the reader we give some definitions and theorems which can be found in the references, and we present some lemmas in order to prove our main results Section is developed in order to present and prove our main results In Section we present some examples to illustrate our results Preliminaries and Lemmas For convenience, we list the following definitions which can be found in 1, 2, 9, 14, 17 A time scale T is a nonempty closed subset of real numbers R For t < sup T and r > inf T, define the forward jump operator σ and backward jump operator ρ, respectively, by σ t inf{τ ∈ T : τ > t} ∈ T, ρ r sup{τ ∈ T : τ < r} ∈ T, 2.1 for all t, r ∈ T If σ t > t, t is said to be right scattered, and if ρ r < r, r is said to be left scattered; if σ t t, t is said to be right dense, and if ρ r r, r is said to be left dense If T has a right scattered minimum m, define Tκ T − {m}; otherwise set Tκ T If T has a left scattered maximum M, define Tκ T − {M}; otherwise set Tκ T In this general time-scale setting, Δ represents the delta or Hilger derivative 13, Definition 1.10 , z σ t −z s s→t σ t −s zΔ t : lim lim s→t zσ t − z s , σ t −s 2.2 where σ t is the forward jump operator, μ t : σ t − t is the forward graininess function, t and xΔ x , while if T hZ and z ◦ σ is abbreviated as zσ In particular, if T R, then σ t for any h > 0, then σ t t h and xΔ t x t h −x t h 2.3 A function f : T → R is right-dense continuous provided that it is continuous at each rightdense point t ∈ T a point where σ t t and has a left-sided limit at each left-dense point t ∈ T The set of right-dense continuous functions on T is denoted by Crd T It can be shown Advances in Difference Equations that any right-dense continuous function f has an antiderivative a function Φ : T → R with f t for all t ∈ T Then the Cauchy delta integral of f is defined by the property ΦΔ t t1 f t Δt Φ t1 − Φ t , 2.4 t0 where Φ is an antiderivative of f on T For example, if T t1 t1 −1 f t Δt f t , 2.5 f t dt t0 and if T Z, then 2.6 t t0 R, then t1 t1 f t Δt t0 t0 Throughout we assume that t0 < t1 are points in T, and define the time-scale interval t0 , t1 T {t ∈ T : t0 ≤ t ≤ t1 } In this paper, we also need the the following theorem which can be found in Theorem 2.1 If f ∈ Crd and t ∈ Tk , then σ t f τ Δτ σ t −t f t 2.7 t In this paper, let E Δ u ∈ Crd n−2 : uΔ i 0, T Then E is a Banach space with the norm u K u ∈ E : uΔ n−2 0, ≤ i ≤ n − maxt∈ 0,T |uΔ n−2 t | Define a cone K by t ≥ 0, uΔ t ≤ 0, t ∈ 0, T n 2.8 2.9 Obviously, K is a cone in E Set Kr {u ∈ K : u ≤ r} If uΔΔ ≤ on 0, T , then we say u is concave on 0, T We can get the following Lemma 2.2 Suppose condition H2 holds Then there exists a constant θ ∈ 0, T/2 satisfies T −θ 0< θ g t Δt < ∞ 2.10 Advances in Difference Equations Furthermore, the function t t θ T −θ g s1 Δs1 Δs s t s A t t g s1 Δs1 Δs, t ∈ θ, T − θ 2.11 is a positive continuous function on θ, T − θ , therefore A t has minimum on θ, T − θ Then there exists L > such that A t ≥ L, t ∈ θ, T − θ Lemma 2.3 Let u ∈ K and θ ∈ 0, T/2 in Lemma 2.2 Then uΔ n−2 t ≥θ u , t ∈ θ, T − θ Proof Suppose τ inf{ξ ∈ 0, T : supt∈ 0,T uΔ t We will discuss it from three perspectives uΔ n−2 i τ ∈ 0, θ It follows from the concavity of uΔ uΔ t ≥ uΔ n−2 n−2 uΔ τ T − uΔ T −τ n−2 n−2 n−2 n−2 τ 2.12 ξ } t that t−τ , t ∈ θ, T − θ , 2.13 then Δn−2 u Δn−2 t ≥ t∈ θ,T −θ uΔ n−2 u uΔ τ uΔ τ n−2 T − uΔ T −τ T − θ − τ Δn−2 u T T −τ which means uΔ n−2 T − uΔ T −τ n−2 n−2 τ n−2 τ t−τ T −θ−τ 2.14 θ n−2 uΔ τ ≥ θu τ , T −τ t ≥ θ u , t ∈ θ, T − θ ii τ ∈ θ, T − θ If t ∈ θ, τ , we have uΔ n−2 t ≥ uΔ n−2 uΔ τ n−2 τ − uΔ τ n−2 t−τ , t ∈ θ, τ , 2.15 then Δn−2 u t ≥ t∈ θ,T −θ Δn−2 u θ Δn−2 u τ τ τ uΔ n−2 τ − uΔ τ n−2 τ − θ Δn−2 n−2 u ≥ θuΔ τ , τ t−τ 2.16 Advances in Difference Equations If t ∈ τ, T − θ , we have uΔ n−2 t ≥ uΔ n−2 uΔ τ n−2 T − uΔ T −τ n−2 τ t−τ , t ∈ τ, T − θ , 2.17 then uΔ n−2 uΔ t ≥ t∈ θ,T −θ n−2 τ and this means uΔ n−2 n−2 n−2 T − uΔ T −τ n−2 τ t−τ T − θ − τ Δn−2 u T T −τ θ n−2 uΔ τ T −τ ≥ θuΔ uΔ 2.18 τ , t ≥ θ u , t ∈ θ, T − θ iii τ ∈ T − θ, T Similarly, we have u Δn−2 Δn−2 t ≥u uΔ τ n−2 τ − uΔ τ n−2 t−τ , t ∈ θ, T − θ , 2.19 then uΔ n−2 t ≥ t∈ θ,T −θ n−2 n−2 τ − uΔ τ n−2 t−τ τ − θ Δn−2 u τ θ Δn−2 u τ τ ≥ θuΔ uΔ u τ 2.20 τ , which means uΔ t ≥ θ u , t ∈ θ, T − θ n−2 From the above, we know uΔ t ≥ θ u , t ∈ θ, T − θ The proof is complete n−2 Lemma 2.4 Suppose that conditions H1 , H2 hold, then u t is a solution of boundary value problem 1.6 , 1.7 if and only if u t ∈ E is a solution of the following integral equation: t s1 0 u t ··· sn−3 w sn−2 Δsn−2 Δsn−3 · · · Δs1 , 2.21 Advances in Difference Equations where ⎧ ⎪β ⎪ ⎪ ⎪α ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ w t ⎪δ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪γ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩ δ g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−2 s Δs ξ t η δ s g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ n−2 r ΔrΔs, ≤ t ≤ δ, 2.22 g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−2 s Δs δ s t δ g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ n−2 r ΔrΔs, δ ≤ t ≤ T Proof Necessity By the equation of the boundary condition, we see that uΔ ξ ≥ 0, uΔ η ≤ n−1 Firstly, by delta 0, then there exists a constant δ ∈ ξ, η ⊂ 0, T such that uΔ δ integrating the equation of the problems 1.6 on δ, t , we have n−1 uΔ n−1 uΔ t n−1 δ − t g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−2 s Δs, n−1 2.23 δ thus By uΔ n−1 n−2 uΔ t δ n−2 t δ − s δ uΔ δ g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ and the boundary condition 1.7 , let t uΔ n−1 − η η g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−2 r Δr Δs 2.24 η on 2.23 , we have n−2 s Δs 2.25 δ By the equation of the boundary condition 1.7 , we get uΔ n−2 T − δ Δn−1 η u γ , 2.26 then uΔ n−2 Secondly, by 2.24 and let t uΔ n−2 δ δ γ δ γ T η g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−2 s Δs 2.27 δ T on 2.24 , we have η g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−2 s Δs δ T s δ δ 2.28 g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ n−2 r Δr Δs 8 Advances in Difference Equations Then uΔ n−2 η δ γ t g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−2 s Δs δ 2.29 T s t δ g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ n−2 Δr Δs r Then by delta integrating 2.29 for n − times on 0, T , we have t s1 sn−3 ··· ut t s1 η δ γ g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ s Δs Δsn−2 · · · Δs2 Δs1 δ sn−3 T s ··· n−2 sn−2 δ g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ n−2 Δr Δs Δsn−2 · · · Δs2 Δs1 r 2.30 Similarly, for t ∈ 0, δ , by delta integrating the equation of problems 1.6 on 0, δ , we have t s1 0 u t ··· sn−3 δ γ t s1 0 δ g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ s Δs Δsn−2 · · · Δs2 Δs1 ξ sn−3 sn−2 s ··· n−2 δ g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ n−2 r Δr Δs Δsn−2 · · · Δs2 Δs1 2.31 Therefore, for any t ∈ 0, T , u t can be expressed as the equation t s1 0 u t ··· sn−3 w sn−2 Δsn−2 Δsn−3 · · · Δs1 , 2.32 w sn−2 Δsn−2 Δsn−3 · · · Δs1 , 2.33 where w t is expressed as 2.22 Sufficiency Suppose that t s1 0 ut ··· sn−3 then by 2.22 , we have uΔ n−1 ⎧ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ t ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪− ⎩ δ g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−2 s Δs ≥ 0, ≤ t ≤ δ, t t δ 2.34 g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−2 s Δs ≤ 0, δ ≤ t ≤ T, Advances in Difference Equations So, uΔ t g t f u t , uΔ t , , uΔ n n−2 t 0, < t < T, 2.35 which imply that 1.6 holds Furthermore, by letting t and t T on 2.22 and 2.34 , we can obtain the boundary value equations of 1.7 The proof is complete Δ Now, we define a mapping T : K → Crd n−1 t s1 0 Tu t ··· sn−3 0, T given by w sn−2 Δsn−2 Δsn−3 · · · Δs1 , 2.36 where w t is given by 2.22 Lemma 2.5 Suppose that conditions H1 , H2 hold, the solution u t of problem 1.6 , 1.7 satisfies u t ≤ T uΔ t ≤ · · · ≤ T n−3 uΔ n−3 t, t ∈ 0, T , 2.37 and for θ ∈ 0, T/2 in Lemma 2.2, one has uΔ n−3 t ≤ T Δn−2 u t , θ Proof If u t is the solution of 1.6 , 1.7 , then uΔ 0, 1, , n − 2, t ∈ 0, T , thus we have uΔ t i t uΔ i s Δs ≤ tuΔ i t ∈ θ, T − θ n−1 2.38 t is a concave function, and ui t ≥ 0, i t ≤ T uΔ i t , i 0, 1, , n − 4, 2.39 that is, u t ≤ T uΔ t ≤ · · · ≤ T n−3 uΔ n−3 t, t ∈ 0, T 2.40 By Lemma 2.3, for t ∈ θ, T − θ , we have uΔ then uΔ n−3 t t Δn−2 u s Δs ≤ tuΔ n−2 n−2 t ≥θ u , t ≤ T u ≤ T/θ uΔ 2.41 n−2 t The proof is complete 10 Advances in Difference Equations Lemma 2.6 T : K → K is completely continuous Proof Because Tu Δ n−1 t ⎧ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ wΔ t δ ⎪ ⎪− ⎪ ⎩ t g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ t n−2 s Δs ≥ 0, ≤ t ≤ δ, 2.42 g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−2 s Δs ≤ 0, δ≤t≤T δ is continuous, decreasing on 0, T , and satisfies T u Δ δ Then, T u ∈ K for each u ∈ K n−2 n−2 maxt∈ 0,T T u Δ t This shows that T K ⊂ K Furthermore, it is easy to and T u Δ δ check that T : K → K is completely continuous by Arzela-ascoli Theorem For convenience, we set n−1 , L θ∗ θ∗ 1 β/α g r Δr , 2.43 where L is the constant from Lemma 2.2 By Lemma 2.5, we can also set f0 f u1 , u2 , , un−1 , un−1 → 0≤u1 ≤T u2 ≤···≤T n−2 un−2 ≤ T/θ un−1 un−1 f∞ f u1 , u2 , , un−1 lim un−1 → ∞ 0≤u1 ≤T u2 ≤···≤T n−2 un−2 ≤ T/θ un−1 un−1 lim max 2.44 The Existence of Positive Solution Theorem 3.1 Suppose that conditions (H1 ), (H2 ) hold Assume that f also satisfies A1 f u1 , u2 , , un−1 T/θ un−1 , ≥ mr, for θr ≤ un−1 ≤ r, ≤ u1 ≤ T u2 ≤ · · · ≤ T n−2 un−2 ≤ A2 f u1 , u2 , , un−1 T/θ un−1 , ≤ MR, for ≤ un−1 ≤ R, ≤ u1 ≤ T u2 ≤ · · · ≤ T n−2 un−2 ≤ where m ∈ θ∗ , ∞ , M ∈ 0, θ∗ Then, the boundary value problem 1.6 , 1.7 has a solution u such that u lies between r and R Theorem 3.2 Suppose that conditions (H1 ), (H2 ) hold Assume that f also satisfies A3 f0 A4 f∞ ϕ ∈ 0, θ∗ /4 λ ∈ 2θ∗ /θ, ∞ Then, the boundary value problem 1.6 , 1.7 has a solution u such that u lies between r and R Advances in Difference Equations 11 Theorem 3.3 Suppose that conditions (H1 ), (H2 ) hold Assume that f also satisfies A5 f∞ A6 f0 λ ∈ 0, θ∗ /4 ϕ ∈ 2θ∗ /θ, ∞ Then, the boundary value problem 1.6 , 1.7 has a solution u such that u lies between r and R Proof of Theorem 3.1 Without loss of generality, we suppose that r < R For any u ∈ K, by Lemma 2.3, we have uΔ n−2 t ≥θ u , t ∈ θ, T − θ 3.1 Ω2 {u ∈ K : u < R} 3.2 t ∈ θ, T − θ 3.3 We define two open subsets Ω1 and Ω2 of E: Ω1 {u ∈ K : u < r}, For any u ∈ ∂Ω1 , by 3.1 we have u ≥ uΔ r n−2 t ≥θ u θr, For t ∈ θ, T − θ and u ∈ ∂Ω1 , we will discuss it from three perspectives i If δ ∈ θ, T − θ , thus for u ∈ ∂Ω1 , by A1 and Lemma 2.4, we have Tu Tu Δn−2 δ δ ≥ s g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ T s δ n−1 Δr Δs r δ δ δ θ ≥ δ g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ n−1 Δr Δs r 3.4 s g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ T −θ s δ δ n−1 r g r f u r , uΔ r , , uΔ ≥ mrA δ ≥ mrL > 2r u n−1 Δr Δs r Δr Δs 12 Advances in Difference Equations ii If δ ∈ T − θ, T , thus for u ∈ ∂Ω1 , by A1 and Lemma 2.4, we have Tu Tu ≥ δ β α Δn−2 δ g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ s Δs ξ δ δ s g r f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ T −θ T −θ θ ≥ n−1 n−1 s ΔrΔs 3.5 s g r f u r , uΔ r, , uΔ ≥ mrA T − θ ≥ mrL > 2r > r n−1 r Δr Δs u iii If δ ∈ 0, θ , thus for u ∈ ∂Ω1 , by A1 and Lemma 2.4, we have Tu Tu ≥ η δ γ Δn−2 δ g s f u s , uΔ s, , uΔ s Δs δ s δ δ g r f u r , uΔ r, , uΔ T −θ s θ ≥ n−1 n−1 r Δr Δs 3.6 θ g r f u r , uΔ r, , uΔ ≥ mrA θ ≥ mrL > 2r > r n−1 r Δr Δs u Therefore, no matter under which condition, we all have Tu ≥ u , ∀u ∈ ∂Ω1 3.7 3.8 Then by Theorem 2.1, we have i T, Ω1 , K Advances in Difference Equations 13 On the other hand, for u ∈ ∂Ω2 , we have u t ≤ u Tu Tu ≤ δ β α Δn−1 R; by A2 we know δ g s f u s , uΔ s , , uΔ n−1 s Δs ξ 3.9 δ s Δ Δn−1 g r f u r ,u r , ,u ≤ β MR α g r Δr ≤R r Δr Δs u thus Tu ≤ u , ∀u ∈ ∂Ω2 3.10 3.11 Then, by Theorem 2.1, we get i T, Ω2 , K Therefore, by 3.8 , 3.11 , r < R, we have i T, Ω2 \ Ω1 , K 3.12 Then operator T has a fixed point u ∈ Ω1 \ Ω2 , and r ≤ Theorem 3.1 is complete u ≤ R Then the proof of Proof of Theorem 3.2 First, by f0 ϕ ∈ 0, θ∗ /4 , for θ∗ /4 − ϕ, there exists an adequately small positive number ρ, as ≤ un−1 ≤ ρ, un−1 / 0, we have f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≤ ϕ Then let R ρ, M un−1 ≤ θ∗ ρ θ∗ ρ 3.13 θ∗ /4 ∈ 0, θ∗ , thus by 3.13 f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≤ MR, ≤ un−1 ≤ R 3.14 λ ∈ 2θ∗ /θ , ∞ , then for So condition A2 holds Next, by condition A4 , f∞ λ − 2θ∗ /θ , there exists an appropriately big positive number r / R, as un−1 ≥ θr, we have f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≥ λ − un−1 ≥ 2θ∗ θ θr 2θ∗ r 3.15 14 Advances in Difference Equations Let m 2θ∗ > θ∗ , thus by 3.15 , condition A1 holds Therefore by Theorem 3.1 we know that the results of Theorem 3.2 hold The proof of Theorem 3.2 is complete Proof of Theorem 3.3 Firstly, by condition A6 , f0 ϕ ∈ 2θ∗ /θ , ∞ , then for ϕ− ∗ 2θ /θ , there exists an adequately small positive number r, as ≤ un−1 ≤ r, un−1 / 0, we have f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≥ ϕ − 2θ∗ un−1 , θ un−1 3.16 thus when θr ≤ un−1 ≤ r, we have f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≥ 2θ∗ θr θ 2θ∗ r 2θ∗ > θ∗ , so by 3.17 , condition A1 holds Secondly, by condition A5 , f∞ λ ∈ 0, θ∗ /4 , then for suitably big positive number ρ / r, as un−1 ≥ ρ, we have 3.17 Let m f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≤ λ un−1 ≤ θ∗ /4 − λ, there exists a θ∗ un−1 3.18 If f is unbounded, by the continuity of f on 0, T × 0, ∞ n−1 , then there exist a constant R / r ≥ ρ, and a point u1 , u2 , , un−1 ∈ 0, T × 0, ∞ n−1 such that ρ ≤ un−1 ≤ R, f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≤ f u1 , u2 , , un−1 , ≤ un−1 ≤ R 3.19 Thus, by ρ ≤ u0n−1 ≤ R, we know f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≤ f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≤ Choose M θ∗ θ∗ un−1 ≤ R 4 3.20 θ∗ /4 ∈ 0, θ∗ Then, we have f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≤ MR, ≤ un−1 ≤ R 3.21 If f is bounded, we suppose f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≤ M, un−1 ∈ 0, ∞ , M ∈ R , there exists an appropriately big positive number R > 4/θ∗ M, then choose M θ∗ /4 ∈ 0, θ∗ , we have f u1 , u2 , , un−1 ≤ M ≤ θ∗ R MR, ≤ un−1 ≤ R 3.22 Therefore, condition A2 holds Thus, by Theorem 3.1, we know that the result of Theorem 3.3 holds The proof of Theorem 3.3 is complete Advances in Difference Equations 15 Application In this section, in order to illustrate our results, we consider the following examples Example 4.1 Consider the following boundary value problem on the specific time scale T 0, 1/3 ∪ {1/2, 2/3, 1}: uΔΔΔ t 16/L u tuΔ Δ e2u − 16/L 5euΔ e2uΔ u uΔ − uΔΔ t ∈ 0, T , 0, 4.1 0, uΔ 0, δuΔΔ 0, where α γ 1, β 1, δ ≥ 0, , ξ , η , θ T 1, 4.2 and L is the constant defined in Lemma 2.2, g t Δ t, f u, u u 16/L u Δ Δ e2u − 16/L 5euΔ e2uΔ 4.3 Then obviously f0 f∞ ϕ λ lim uΔ →0 f u, uΔ uΔ 0≤u≤4uΔ max f u, uΔ lim uΔ → ∞ 0≤u≤4uΔ uΔ , 16 L 4.4 1, By Theorem 2.1, we have g t Δt 1/3 σ 1/3 g t dt σ 1/2 g t Δt 1/3 σ 2/3 g t Δt 1/2 2/3 g t Δt , 12 4.5 so conditions H1 , H2 hold By simple calculations, we have θ∗ then θ∗ /4 1 β/α g r Δr , 3/10, that is, ϕ ∈ 0, θ∗ /4 , so condition A3 holds 4.6 16 Advances in Difference Equations For θ 1/4, it is easy to see that 2θ∗ , ∞ , θ λ∈ 4.7 so condition A4 holds Then by Theorem 3.2, BVP 4.1 has at least one positive solution Example 4.2 Consider the following boundary value problem on the specific time scale T 0, 1/3 ∪ 1/2, Δ uΔΔΔ t 1/4 eu tuΔ sin uΔ u euΔ u uΔ − uΔΔ 16/L 0, t ∈ 0, T , 4.8 0, 0, uΔ δuΔΔ , θ 0, where α γ 1, β δ ≥ 0, 1, , ξ η , T 1, 4.9 and L is the constant from Lemma 2.2, Δ g t f u, uΔ t, uΔ 1/4 eu sin uΔ u euΔ 16/L 4.10 Then obviously f0 ϕ f∞ lim uΔ → λ f u, uΔ uΔ 0≤u≤4uΔ max , 16 L f u, uΔ lim uΔ → ∞ 0≤u≤4uΔ uΔ 4.11 , By Theorem 2.1, we have 1/3 g t Δt σ 1/3 g t dt 0 g t Δt 1/3 g t dt 1/2 35 , 72 4.12 so conditions H1 , H2 hold By simple calculations, we have θ∗ then θ∗ /4 1 β/α g r dr 36 , 35 9/35, that is, λ ∈ 0, θ∗ /4 , so condition A5 holds 4.13 Advances in Difference Equations For θ 17 1/4, it is easy to see that ϕ∈ 2θ∗ , ∞ , θ 4.14 then condition A6 holds Thus by Theorem 3.3, BVP 4.8 has at least one positive solution Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for his/her valuable suggestions, which have greatly improved this paper References M Bohner and A Peterson, Dynamic Equations on Time Scales, An Introduction with Applications, Birkhă user, Boston, Mass, USA, 2001 a M Bohner and A Peterson, Eds., Advances in Dynamic Equations on Time Scales, Birkhă user, Boston, a Mass, USA, 2003 D R Anderson and I Y Karaca, “Higher-order three-point boundary value problem on time scales,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol 56, no 9, pp 2429–2443, 2008 J J DaCunha, J M Davis, and P K Singh, “Existence results for singular three point boundary value problems on time scales,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol 295, no 2, pp 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