Giáo trình anh văn chuyên ngành 2 (ngành khai thác máy tàu biển)

TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG HÀNG HẢI II BỘ MÔN NGOẠI NGỮ GIÁO TRÌNH ANH VĂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH KHAI THÁC MÁY TÀU BIỂN (Lưu hành nội bộ) GIÁO VIÊN: NGUYỄN ĐÌNH CUNG DUY THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH - 2017 UNIT WHAT A DIESEL ENGINE IS VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR POINTS: Word Power: machine máy produce power sản xuất cơng burn cháy oil dầu air squeeze khơng khí ép, nén pressure áp lực moving di chuyển combustion đốt takes place diễn within bên internal trong, steam nước fuel external compress certain part cylinder bore nhiên liêụ bên nén định phần xi lanh close-fitting lịng (xilanh) slide vừa sát, vừa khít trượt stroke connect kỳ kết nối mechanism chế control kiểm sốt purpose mục đích ordinary bình thường crank khủy trục, tay quây consists of bao gồm round shaft bearing revolve quanh trục rod ổ đở xoay quanh device convert thiết bị chuyển đổi in-and-out motion lên xuống rotating chuyển động motion quay crankshaft chuyển động valve trục khuỷu let gas van đưa/cho spray khí gas nozzle injector phun vòi phun deliver kim phun finely cung cấp/chuyển mịn divided spray accomplish phun tách thực pump bơm mention đề cập đến Grammar Points: Preposition + V-ing: by burning oil Any prepositions may be followed by gerunds, i.e to express the cause of that air is squeezed as in the text Connective “Since” As and since can both be used to refer to the reason for something They are used in the same way ∙ As he wasn't ready, we went without him ∙ Since she wanted to pass her exam, she decided to study well Since- and as-clauses cannot stand alone 1.2.3 Relative Clause “OF WHICH”: Notes ∙ In non-defining instead of who, whom or which ∙ clauses, you cannot use 'that' You cannot leave out the relative pronoun, even when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause: He gave me the letter, which was in a blue envelope ∙ ∙ He gave me the letter, which I read immediately ∙ The preposition in these clauses can go at the end of the clause, e.g ∙ This is Stratford-on-Avon, which you have all heard about This pattern is often used in spoken English, but in written or formal English you can also put the preposition before the pronoun: e.g Stratfordon-Avon, about which many people have written is Shakespeare's birthplace ∙ Non-defining clauses can be introduced by expressions like all of, many of + relative pronoun: Person Thing all of + whom + which any of + whom + which (a) few of + whom + which both of + whom + which each of + whom + which either of + whom + which half of + whom + which many of + whom + which most of + whom + which much of + whom + which none of + whom + which one of + whom + which two of etc + whom + which Examples ∙ There were a lot of people at the party, many of whom I had known for years ∙ He was carrying his belongings, many of which were broken ∙ The relative pronoun which at the beginning of a non-defining relative clause, can refer to all the information contained in the previous part of the sentence, rather than to just one word ∙ Chris did really well in his exams, which was a big surprise (= the fact that he did well in his exams was a big surprise) ∙ A socialist and a conservative agreed on the new law, which is most unusual (= the fact that they agreed is unusual) READING 1: Read the following text carefully READING TEXT 1: A diesel engine is a machine which produces power by burning oil in a body of air which has been squeezed to a high pressure by a moving piston Since it is a machine that produces power, it is called an engine, and since the burning or combustion takes place within itself, it is called an internalcombustion engine A steam engine uses steam made by burning fuel outside the engine This is external combustion To compress the air, put in the oil and produce power, every diesel must have certain basic parts It must have a cylinder, in the bore of which a close fitting piston can slide in and out to make strokes The piston must be connected to a mechanism which controls its sliding For this purpose, ordinary engines use a crank mechanism PRACTICE AND EXERCISES: Talk It Over: Ask and say what a diesel engine is, using your knowledge of what you have learnt in the major subjects Match the items with the pictures 2.2.2 Reading Comprehension: Read the text about a diesel engine; Answer the following questions What does a diesel engine produce? How is oil burnt in a diesel engine? 3.What is the main difference between an internal-combustion engine and an external combustion engine? Name the basic parts of diesel engine What parts of a diesel engine are mentioned in the text? What does the piston do? What part of the diesel engine is the piston connected to? 2.2.3 Phrases for Expressions in Use: Study the sample and the exercises below To compress the air, put in the oil and produce power, every diesel must have certain basic parts Tasks: Use the correct verb and change Infinitive phrases at the beginning Trees were planted……………….(reduce)traffic noise This is good………………(get) rid of headaches We crept up the stairs……………… (not wake) granny A mouse is a devise………………….(move) the cursor around the computer screen I swept the broken glass……………….(prevent) an accident The new paint is excellent…………………… (cover) walls with cracks in We will write Claire’s name in the calendar……………… (not forget) her birthday We spent the summer in London……………… (improve) our English I didn’t say anything about Claude’s hair……………… (not embarrass) her 10 She bought a cage……………… (keep) her hamster in Structures in Use: Preposition + V-ing: Put the correct verbs in the gaps: I've always dreamt of (live) in Tahiti they talked about (move) to New Zealand I don't feel like (go) there tonight I'm thinking of (buy) a house in Shekou We decided against (move) to New Zealand The President doesn't approve of (drink), that's why they removed the staff bar If you participate in( do) anything, try to it well I am working on (improve) my spelling We depend on (do) most of our business at Christmas 10 Stop (talk) and get on with doing this exercise 11 She doesn't believe in (diet), just lots of exercise 12 I apologise for (lose) your essays 13 He had to pay for (drink) so much Champagne 14 They couldn't agree on (lower) tarriffs, so had to meet again later 2.2.4.2 Using Connective/Conjunctions “Since”…: Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when Things were different I was young I it I like it Let us wait here the rain stops 4You cannot be a lawyer _ you have a law degree That was years years ago She has not called she left last week I saw him leaving an hour This is an expensive 9We were getting tired rest 10 He was angry ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ two ago very useful book we stopped for a he heard when happened 2.4.2 Relative Clause “OF WHICH”: My grandmother, , came from the North of England I spoke to Fred, Choose the phrases in the box for the following gaps: The old man looked at the tree, We stopped at the museum, She's studying maths, I've just met Susan, He had thousands of books, ∙ ∙ which we'd never most of which he who is dead now been into had read who explained under which he whose husband the problem had often sat works in London which many people hate READING 2: Read the following text carefully READING TEXT: This (crank mechanism) consists of a round shaft which can turn in bearings and has a crank (which turns in a circle when the shaft revolves), and a connecting rod which connects the crank to the piston The connecting rod is a straight rod with a bearing at each end The crank mechanism is a device for converting the in-and-out motion of the piston to rotating motion of the crankshaft The power produced by the engine is taken off the crankshaft Valves are needed to let the air into the cylinder and let out the burned gases after they have done their work Also a spray nozzle, or fuel injector, is needed to deliver the oil for burning in the form of a finely divided spray To this, the oil must be put under pressure This is accomplished by a pump which is called a fuel injection pump However, even the simplest diesel engine has other parts than those just mentioned PRACTICE AND EXERCISES: Talk It Over: Asking and answer what the parts of a diesel engine Asking and say which parts are mentioned and how the parts work Phrases for Expressions in Use: Have a look at this for reference: Noun Phrases: Adj + noun (the simplest diesel engine) Now, find some more phrases from the text Reading Comprehension: Read the text about a diesel engine Answer the following questions What parts does the crank mechanism consist of? What are valves needed for? What kinds of valve are fitted in a 4-stroke diesel engine? What about in two-stroke diesel engine? What does the fuel injector deliver to the engine? What must be done to the oil before delivering it to the cylinder? 10 TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH Nhiệt độ khí xả động Diesel trang bị bơm cao áp kiểu Bosch điều chỉnh cách thay đổi lượng dầu phun Lượng dầu phun lớn gây nhiệt độ khí xả cao có nhiều lượng nhiệt sản sinh buồng đốt Với lượng dầu nhỏ thtì xảy tình trạng ngược lại Nếu động Diesel có bơm cao áp phun đơn lắp 180 độ vị trí bình thường đường tâm trục khuỷu, định thời gian nạp khí vào máy cho khớp với thời gian phun 11 UNIT 12 OIL PUMPS THE TEXT: OIL PUMPS Oil pumps are used to feed lubricating oil to the rubbing surfaces of engine moving parts and into the piston cooling chambers The cylinder liners are oiled by means of lubricators All the engine bearings and other friction surfaces are lubricated by means of a gear pump or a screw pum/three-rotor type/which supplies oil to the engine lubricationg system A gear is driven from the engine crankshaft via a train of spur gears and can work irrespective of the direction of engine rotation Large engines also employ individually driven gear pumps, in which case they are of the non-reversible type The screw type circulating oil pump is installed as a rule on large engines and is driven by an individual electric motor A crankshaft-driven oil pump works only during engine operation Individually driven pumps are started before the engine to ensure lubrication of the friction parts in advance Reversible gcar pump: when the gears start rotating, the oil flows from the suction chamber through valves into the delivery chamber The pump has two suction valves and two delivery valves for ahead and astern running Lubricatiors, i.e., pumps for lubrication of the cylinder liners, have plungers which ensure a dependable supply of oil at back pressures ranging from 50 to 60 atm gauge The functioning of the lubricator can be checked through an inspection glass non-reversible không đảo chiều bơm bôi trơn, vịt đầu, thiết bị bôi trơn lubricator VOCABULARY: bôi trơn lubricate 12 rub cọ sát surface bề mặt part phần, phận oil bôi dầu, tra dầu rotor rôto direction chiều, hướng rotation quay type kiểu instal bố trí, lắp đặt motor động cơ, mơtơ electric điện start khởi động, bắt đầu ensure bảo đảm lubrication bôi trơn gear pump bơm bánh screw pump bơm trục vít irrespective of bất chấp, khơng khể in advance trước by means of phương tiện, cách as a rule theo thường lệ, theo qui tắc crankshaft-driven oil pump bơm dầu lai trục khuỷu individually-driven gear pump: bơm bánh truyền động độc lập a train of spurgearshệ bánh ADDITIONAL WORDS FOR V-E TRANSLATE mắc vào, móc vào hook up standby pump bơm dự phòng go into operation vào hoạt động arise xảy ra, nẩy sinh, xuất frenquently cách thường xuyên surplus số dư thừa circulating tuần hồn, lưu thơng climb trèo, lên tới, lên cao permissible limit giới hạn cho phép 13 GRAMMAR NOTES A crankshaft - driven oil pump works only during engine operation - Bơm dầu lái trục khuỷu chi làm việc lúc máy hoạt động Driven: Phân từ II (past participle) Chức định ngữ (attribute cho oil pump) Crankshaft: bổ nghĩa cho driven (cách thức) a.Home - made goods are sometimes better than foreign ones - Hàng nước đơi tốt hàng nước ngồi b.The ox - drawn cart stands in the corner of the Street - Chiếc xe bò đứng gồc phổ c A penny saved is penny gained - Tiết kiệm đồng hay đồng EXERCISES ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS What are the oil pumps used for? How are the cylinder liners oiled? What is lubricated by mean of gear pump and a screw pump? Where is oil supplied to? How is a gear pump driven? How does it work? Where are the screw pumps installed? How are they driven? What is the difference crankshaft-driven oil between individually driven oil pumpps? 10 pumps and What are the lubricators? MAKE QUESTIONS TO THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS AND TRANSLATE THEM INTO VIETNAMESE Every ship has all sorts of pumps 14 The junior engineer must see to the conditions of bilge and ballast pumping system The cylinder head of a 4-stroke Diesel engine is equipped with the valves The fuel valve is operated by fuel pressure coming from the fuel pump The duty engineer should report any unusual changes in the working of the machinery and of any system The safety valve operates only when the pressure in the engine cylinder exceeds the admitted level 10 The second engineer is in charge of all spare parts, stores and tools The chief engineer is responsible for all matters concerning the engineroom He cares for making daily record of the amount of fuel and lubricating oil The chief engineer gives orders to the assistants and motormen PUT INTO THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR Do you know all the parts of the diesel engines? The chief engineers possess certificates of competency Chief engineers give orders to the second, third and fourth engineers Are you the second engineer and you record any particulars in the log book? What the engineers during their watches? The motormen lubricate various parts of the engine TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH Khi bơm dầu mắc vào động khơng cung cấp đủ áp lực dầu cho mạch dầu, bơm dự phịng tự động vào hoạt động, sau lại ngừng chạy áp lực dầu tái lập Tình xảy thường xuyên vận hành máy Để khống chế áp lực dầu tối đa hệ thống bơi trơn tuần hồn, đường ống cấp nhiên liệu có lắp van điều chỉnh lượng dầu Van điều chỉnh lượng dầu dư thừa vào đường ống hút sau áp lực dầu lên giới hạn cho phép 15 UNIT 13 EXTRACT FROM ENGINE LOG BOOK THE TEXT: M.S “Shallow Water” HONG KONG April 5th 1989 EXTRACT FROM ENGINE LOG BOOK No.723/69/24 m/s “Shallow Water” Page 23, April 1st, 1989 Voyage 62 from Singapore to Osaka Remarks: 1645 hours, the fuel oil pipe of main engine fractured around its circumference and a considerale leakage of oil was observed; the engine was stopped 1730-2330 hours, repairing the pipe, then we started the engine and resumed our voyage Page 24, April 2nd, 1989 Voyage 62 from Singapore to Osaka Remarks; 36 hours, the fuel oil pipe of main engine fractured again around its 12 circumference, a considerable leakage of oil was observed, the engine was stopped 1314-2125 hours, repairing the pipe Afterwards pressure test was made The result was negative Oil leakage was observed in three fractured places Due to the above mentioned leakages it was dangerous to continue the sea travel 2154 hours, Mater and Chief Engineer decided to deviate to the nearest port Hong Kong for repairs During the trip to Hong Kong the engine was working on minimum pressure of the oil 2.8 kg/cm2 Chief Engineer (signature) Master (signature) VOCABULARY: đoạn trích nhật ký extract log book remark ghi 16 fracture circumference considerable leakage observe repair resume result negative afterwards dangerous deviate nearest signature rạng nứt vành bít nối nhiều, đáng kể rị rỉ, thóat ngồi quan sát sửa chửa tiếp tục lại kết không đúng, không đạt yêu cầu sau nguy hiểm lệch đường gần chữ ký GRAMMAR NOTES The fuel oil pipe of main engine fractured around its circumference and a considerale leakage of oil was observed “Fractured” – past participle ( khứ phân từ) Diễn tả ý nghĩa bị động tròng câu Mater and Chief Engineer decided to deviate to the nearest port Hong Kong for repairs “ nearest” – superlative (hình thức so sánh tính từ) Diễn tả người hay vật so với nhiều người hay vật khác EXERCISES ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS What time was the fuel oil of main engine fractured? What happened to the engine? 17 What did they after repairing? When was the fuel oil of main engine fractured again? How was the result? What did they at 2154 ? WRITE ONE SENTENCE WITH EACH GIVEN WORD Dangerous, fracture, devite, nearest, working on, negative, repair TRANSLATE THE LOG BOOK INTO VIETNAMESE 18 UNIT 14 REFUELLING OF FUEL OIL VOCABULARY: oil dealer place specification take a look form order viscosity space amount quay barge along side limit capacity block up sounding signal sign occur keep watch all the time người bán dầu đặt tính kỹ thuật xem mẫu đơn đặt hàng, đặt trước độ nhớt chổ trống số lương cầu tàu xà lan cặp mạn giới hạn lưu lựơng bơm đóng, khóa độ sâu tín hiệu ký tên cố để mắt thường xuyên retighten vặn chặt lại toward confirm trim heel thermal conversion trước xác nhận độ lệch độ nghiêng thay đổi nhiệt tiếp nhiên liệu dù thiếu hụt refuel at any rate shortage 19 receipt data resolve issue sasticfaction witness biên lai liệu, số liệu giải vấn đề việc hài lòng chứng kiến CONVERSATION: REFUELLING OF FUEL OIL Previous arrangements OIL DEALER – Good morning sir I’m from the Shell Oil Co CHIEF ENGINEER – Good morning I am the chief engineer O.D – I have com to load the marine fuel and diesel oil C.E – Thank you for coming O.D – You have placed an dorder for eight hundred kiloliters of fuel and one hundred kiloliters of diesel oil, haven’t you? C.E – That’s right By the way, can I have a look at the oil specification? O.D – Here it is Take a look at this order form and sign it, please C.E – The viscosity of the fuel oil seem higher than what I placed the order for Don’t you have fuel oil of lower viscosity? O.D – We don’t have marine fuel of any viscosity other than this, sir C.E – then, this will have to You can load the diesel oil first, then load the fuel oil O.D – Very good, sir The fuel oil is heated up to one hundred and ten degrees Fahrenheit Do you have enough space? I mean, can I load all this amount? C.E – Yes, lots of room for that amount Are you going to load from the quay or the barge? O.D – I’ll bring the barge alongside ship, for both the diesel oil and fuel oil C.E – How many kiloliters an hour you pump for the marine fuel? O.D – One hundred and fifty kiloliters, sir 20 C.E – Can’t you make two hundred kiloliters an hour? O.D – No, sir I can’t it will take about five hours and a half but this is the limit of pump’s capacity Are you sure that you have blocked up all the scuppers? C.E – I’ll make another check and let you know O.D – The barge has come along side now Please witness the sounding C.E – Well, the third engineer will witness the sounding O.D – Will you give the signal to stop loading, or shall I have the barge stop on its own? C.E – Have the barge stop it Is it all right if I order you to stop loading when any trouble occurs on board? O.D – Yes, sir I can stop at any time C.E – Whom shall I tell to stop loading if I want to? O.D – I will post a man at the hose to keep watch all the time, so you can order him, sir C.E – I get it Thank you Refuelling work SHIP – Be sure to tignten the hose connection BARGE – O.K It’s all right now Are you ready on board the ship? S – O.K We are ready We are beginning with the diesel oil, aren’t we? B – Yes, the diesel oil comes first S – Start it slow, will you? B – O.K Here it goes! S – It’s leaking a bit from the flange Stop it! Retighten it, will you? B – O.K It’s all right this time S – Let’s start it Yes, it’s O.K this time Now, turn it up to one hundred an fifty kiloliters an hour B – O.K S – How many more kiloliters to go? B – About thirty kiloliters Now, we have finished with the diesel oil Let me know when you have switched to the other tank, will you? S – Wait for about ten minutes O.K It’s ready to go Start loading the fuel oil B – Here goes the fuel oil S – Slow down! We are going to switch to the other tank 21 B – O.K S – Turn it up full Slow down towards the finish, will you? B – It’s near the end Ten more minutes Be careful not to lock your valve before we send in the air S – O.K B – Finished with the fuel oil We are going to send in the air S – O.K B – That’s all Shall we take the hose off now? S – Do it carefully so as not to spill the oil After refuelling OIL DEALER – Chief Engineer, we have finished loading CHIEF ENGINEER – Please wait a while First engineer is checking the amount now O.D – When and for where are you leaving? C.E – We are leaving for Durban tomorrow morning 1st ENGINEER – Chief Engineer, I have calculated the amount Joaded O.D – Have you confirmed the amount Sir? C.E – Our calculation shows the diesel oil is exact, but the fuel oil is short by twenty five kiloliters There are only 775 kiloliters It is strange, isn’t it? O.D – It can’t be so We measured the amount with the meter ashore before loading it on the barge, and I doubt if there is anything wrong with the meter ashore Have you corrected for the trim and heel? C.E – Of course, I have I have made the thermal conversion and the correction for the trim and heel When did you check the meter on the shore? O.D – I can’t tell unit I go back and check it, but I have refuelled many ships and without any trouble like this C.E – At any rate, there is a shortage O.D – I shall be inconvenien if I don’t get you to sign the receipt C.E – Then, let’s revise the amount of the fuel oil to 775 kiloliters then I’ll sign it O.D – That puts me in a fix I’m sure that the meter stood at eight hundred kiloliters C.E – Then, what you say about this? Let’s leave the figure of 800 kiloliters as it is, but insert a remark that our measurement shows 775 kiloliters, and 22 the meter is to be checked and the correct amount is to be confirmed after this check O.D – That seems all right Can I have you sounding data? C.E – Yes, I’ll make it up right a way C.E – Here is my signature O.D – Very good, sir I regret that we couldn’t resolve this issue to your satisfaction I wish you abon voyage C.E – Thank you for your service GRAMMAR NOTES: Tag questions - Ex: Slow down towards the finish, will you? mạnh việc diễn Diễn tả nhấn Present perfect - Ex: Have you corrected for the trim and heel? – Diễn tả việc xảy khứ tiếp tục đến Wish - Ex: I wish you were happy – Diễn tả ao ước khơng có thực o hiệ EXERCISES ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS When the chief engineer meet the oil dealer? What does the chief engineer first? What does the oil dealer first? What does the chief engineer ask the oil dealer first? How many hours does the oil dealer pump for the F.O? Who is the third person in the conversation? What trouble they have after finishing pumping oil? 23 How they resolve the problem? TRANSLATE INTO VIETNAMESE THE CONVERSATION TRANSLATE VIETNAMESE THE FOLLOWING CONVERSATION INTO AGENTS 1st ENGINEER – Have you finished your business with our chief officer? AGENT – Yes, I have Is there anything I can for you? 1st E – Some spqreparts should have arrived by air from Japan Have you heard anything a bout them? A – I came directlyfrom my home to the ship this morning The mail that I just brought you was all that had been received at the office by the time I left last evening Wasn’t the package you are expecting among them? 1st E – No, it wasn’t there A – I am on the way back to the office, so I’ll check as soon as I get there They might have arrived by the time 1st E – The telegram told me that they sent them on the tenth day of this month, so they should have been here by now A – I think so, too Anyway, I’ll go back and check Could you tell me what it looks like and how big it is? 1st E – The contents are the discharge valve and the sahft seal of the refrigecrating machine The size of the package may vary according to how they wrapped them, but I suppose it would not be bigger than six cubic inches A – I get it I’ll check and let you know right away 1st E – Yes, thank you I had planned to repair the refrigerating machine with these spare parts while at anchor in this port A – I understand (telephone communication) 1st E – Hello A – Hello Is this first engineer? 1st E – Yes, this is the first engineer speaking 24 A – The spare parts you told me about a little while ago arrived at our office this morning I’m bringing them to you right away 1st E – Thank you very much I’ll be waiting Please bring them as soon as possible A – I’ll get there in half an hour 1st E – Yes, please