Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành Kế toán (Nghề Kế toán doanh nghiệp - Trình độ Cao đẳng): Phần 2 - CĐ GTVT Trung ương I

Unit 10: TAXATION Vocubulary Tax (n) [tæks] : thuế Income tax (n) [ˊinkʌm] : thuế thu nhập Eventual tax (n) [ˊiventjuəl] : thuế tận thu Wealth tax (n) [welθ] : thuế tài sản Capital transfer tax (n) [ˊkæpitlˊtrænsfə] : thuế chuyển nhƣợng vốn Added- value tax (n) [ædidˊvælju] : thuế giá trị gia tăng Capital gains tax (n) [geinz] : thuế lãi vốn Sale tax (n) [seil] : thuế bán Tax avoidance (n) [əˊvɔidəns] : tránh đánh thuế Tax evasion (n) [iˊveiӡn] : trốn thuế Regressive tax (n) [riˊɡresiv] : thuế lũy thoái Progressive (n) [prəˊɡresiv] : thuế lũy tiến Dissuade sb from sth/doing sth (v.ph) [diˊsweid] : ngan cản, cản trở Make sb/sth look different (v.ph) : cải trang from normal Reading Most of money to run the Government comes from taxes of all sorts – on personal and corporate incomes, on sales of goods, on inport and on inheritances The ultimate source of all tax money is the same-people The primary function of taxation is, of course, to raise revenue to finance government expenditure, but taxes can also have other purpose Indirect excise duties, for example, can be designed to dissuade people from smoking, drinking alcohol, and so on Government can also encourage capital investment by permiting various methods of accelerated depreciaion accounting that allow companies to deduct more of the cost of investment from their profit, and consequently reduce their tax bills There is always a lot of debate as to the fairness of tax system Business profit, for example are generally taxed twice: companies pay tax on their profit (corporation tax in Britain, income tax in the USA) and the shareholders pay income tax on dividends Income tax in most countries are progressive, and are one of the ways in which governments can redistribute wealth The peoblem with progressive tax is that the marginal rate – the tax people pay on any additional income is always high, which is generally a disincentive to 36 both working and investing On the other hand, most sales taxes are slightly regressive, because poorer people need to spend a larger proportion of their income on consumption than the rich The higher the tax rate, the more people are tempted to cheat, but there is a substantial “black” or “underground‟ economy nearly everywhere In Italy, for example, self – employed people – whose income is more difficult to control than that of company employees – account for morethan half of nation income Lots of people also have undeclared part- time jobs with small and medium – sized family firms, on which no one pays any tax or national insurance At the end of 1996, the Director of The Italian Institute of Statistics calculated the size of the underground economy, and added 16.7% to Italy‟s gross national product (GNP) figure, and then claimed that Italy had overtaken Britain to become the world‟s fifth largest economy To reduce income tax liability, some employers give high-paid employees lots of „perk‟ (short for perquisites) instead of taxable money, such as cars, free health insurance, and subsidized lunches Legal way of avoiding tax, such as these, are known as loopholes in tax law Life insurance policies, pention plans and other investment by which individual can postpone the payment of tax, are known as tax shelters.Donation to charities that can be subtracted from the income on which tax is calculate are described as tax – deductible Companies have a varity of ways of avoiding tax on profits They can bring forward capital expenditure so that at the end of the year all profits have been used up; this is kwown as making a tax loss Multinational companies often set up their head offices in countries, where taxes are low; such countries are known as tax havens Criminal organization, meanwhile, tend to pass money through a series of companies in very comlicated transactions in order to disguise its origin from tax inspectors – and the police; this is known as launding money Comprehension According to the text, are the following statements True (T) or False (F) Taxes can be designed both to discourage and to encourage spending The same amount of money can be taxed more than once Progressive taxes may discourage people from working extra hours Sales taxes are unfair because poor people spend more than rich If you pay a lot of your income into a pension fund or a life insurance policy you never have to pay tax on it Grammatical points: Much, many, few, little 4.1 Much and Many - Much and many used to express that there is a large quantity of something 37 - Much and many used in negative sentences and questions - Many is used with countable nouns and much is used with uncountable nouns I don't have many CD's in my collection (Countable noun) They don't have much money to buy a present (Uncountable noun) Note: we almost never use much and many in positive sentences, we almost always use a lot of or lots of 4.2 Few and Little - We use few and little to suggest a small quantity - Few is used with countable nouns - Little is used with uncountable nouns There are only a few days left until Christmas (countable noun) There is little hope of finding your wallet (uncountable noun) Word study 5.1 Which terms the following sentences define? The tax people pay on their wages and salaries is called _ a capital transfer tax b income tax c wealth tax A tax on wages and salaries or on companiy profit is a/an a direct tax b indirect tax c value-added tax A tax levied at higher rate or higher incomes is called a a progressive tax b regressive tax c wealth tax A tax paid on property, sales transaction, imports, and so on is a/an _ a direct tax b indirect tax c value-added tax The annual tax imposed on people‟s fortunes is a/an a added- value tax b capital gains tax c wealth tax 5.2 Complete the sentences with much, many, few, little Not all of the children went outside of them stayed in the classroom I have to go to the supermarket There isn't _coffee left How _ loaves of bread we need? Would you like milk? Yes please Just The land is not suitable for agriculture so _ of the food is imported There are only people interested in the subject How _ of the students have a computer at home? Can you tell me _ about your experience in London? Ann is very busy these days She has free time 10 The museum was very crowded There were too people 38 Unit 11: INSURANCE Vocubulary Loose (v) [lu:s] : tổn thất Occur Devise In advance (v) (v) (adv) [əˊkɜ:(r)] : xảy : tạo : trƣớc Finance Redistribute (v) (v) [ˊfainæns] [ˏri:diˊstribju:t] : tài trợ : phân phối lại Cost (n) [kɔst] : chi phí Accomplish Compensate (v) (n) [əˊkɔmpliʃ] : hoàn thành : tổn thất kinh tế Experience Exposure Predict Predictability (v) (n) (v) (n) [iksˊpiəriən] [priˏdiktəˊbiləti] : trải qua, nếm mùi : ngui cơ, rủi ro : dự đoán : khả dự đoán Premium payment (v.ph) [ˊpri:miəm ˊpeimən] : toán, trả phí bảo hiểm The insured Insurance pool/fund (n) (n) [inˊʃuəd] : ngƣời mua bảo hiểm : quĩ bảo hiểm [diˊvaiz] [in ədˊva:ns] [ˊkɔpenseit] [iksˊpouӡə] [priˊdikt] [inˊʃuərəns pu:l] Reading Throughout human history, unexpected economic losses have occurred Such looses would continue to occur whether or not a system of insurance had ever been devised But through the operation of insurance system, losses can be predicted in advance, it allows the cost of losses to be financed and redistributed in advance The first definition of insurance that we will exammine is the finance one In this instance, insurance is a financial arrangement that resdistributes the cost of unexpected losses The insurance arrangement involves the trasfer of many different exposures to loss to one insurance pool, which combines the numerous exposures An insurance system accomplishes the resdistributes of the cost of losses by collecting a premium payment from every participant in the system In exchange for the payment of the premium, the insured receives a promise from the insurance system to be compensated in the event of a loss In most insurance system only a small percentage of those insured suffer losses Thus, an insurance system redistributes the cost of losses from the unfortunate few members who experience them to all the members of the insurance pool who have paid premium 39 An insurance system is able to operate because all the insured are willing to substitute a relatively small certain outlay, the insurance premium, for a relatively large uncertain loss It is generally assumed that most people find the possibility of suffering a large loss unpleasant to contemplate Therefore, people are willing to pay an insurance premium to be relieved of uncertainty about the loss, as well as to be compensated if the loss actually occurs Thus, even if no loss occurs during a year, as will be the case for most insured, value has still been received in the form of an eliminated unpleasant metal state, the anxiety about the loss It is sometimes said that insurance is like gambing The law however has found a mean of distinguishing between gambing and contracts, which it will not enfore, and insurance contracts, which it will Contracts of insurance form a special class of contract in that the law requires parties to them, the insured and insurer, to exercise the utmost goods faith toward each other Comprehension In what way, losses can be predicted before they occur? Why the predictability of losses in advance is basic to an insurane system‟s operation? What is insurance in financial definition? What does insurance agreement accomplish the redistribution of the cost of losses How can an insurance system involve? What does the insured receive when a loss occur? Why are people willing to pay an insurance premium? Is insurance like grambling? Why? What you know about contracts of insurance? Grammatical points: Prepositions of time Prepositions of time used before days, months, years and other time words At: Used before: - Times: We‟re leaving at o‟clock - Lunchtime, bedtime: He‟s arriving at lunchtime - Night: I can‟t sleep at night - The weekend: See you at the weekend! - Festivals: We went away at Easter In: used with: - The morning/ afternoon / evening: See you in the morning! - Months: My birthday‟s in June - Seasons: We always go on holiday in summer - Years: He was born in 1996 40 - A minute, two weeks On: used before: - Dates: We arrived here on 4th August - Days of the week: Let‟s go to the zoo on Saturday - Single day events: on Good Friday, on Easter Sunday, on my birthday We always eat out on Christmas Day - A day + morning/ afternoon/ evening/ night See you on Tuesday morning! Note: Don‟t use a preposition before: today, tonight, tomorrow, yesterday Other prepositions: For: We use for + a period of time expressing duration for six years/ for two hours/ for a week I've lived in this house for six years They have been watching TV for two hours Since: We use since + a starting point, a specific time Since April/ since 1992/ since o' clock It has been raining since one o' clock They've known each other since they were at school From – to: We use from - to + beginning and end of a period Last evening we watched TV from to o' clock Until: We use until/till to say how long a situation continues Let's wait until it stops raining I stayed in bed until half past nine During: We use during + noun to say when something happens During the film - during our holiday - during the night We met a lot of interesting people during our holiday I fell asleep during the film Word-study 5.1 Choose the best answer Insurance companies can be considered as professional ……… takers a life b risk c chance d misfortune My insurance company offers a wide ……… of coverage a selection b rank c branch d standard His insurance company has told him not to admit ……… even thought it was clearly his fault a legality b likelihood c liability d crime 41 Natural ……… insurance is obligatory in areas prone to flood, earthquakes, and hurricanes a damage b chaos c.catastrophe d disaster 5.2 Circle the correct preposition If no preposition is needed put in - He arrived December 12th a in b c on This palace was built 17th century a in b for c on d at d at Some people rest the afternoon a in b c on d until It usually snows Christmas day a in b c on d during I will send you a letter _next month a in b c from d at We started this project _September a in b c on d for The date when we must hand in the report is 1st of October a in b before c on d at People not work independence day a until b c on d in I will meet him lunch time a in b c on d at 10 The cartoon starts _13:45 a in b during c at d on c on d at 11.He hasn't smoked _ ages a in b for 12 Hurry up! We have to go _five minutes a in b for c on d until 13 He has lived in India _two years a for b since c on d at 14 Tom‟s grandmother died in 1987 _the age of 81 a before b since c on d at 15 I haven‟t seen him _Christmas a on b since c in d _ 16 I suddenly felt ill the examination 42 a on b since c during d in 17 They were working in the garden _3 o‟clock seven o‟clock a from/to b for/since c in/at d at/on c on d for 18 I‟ve been waiting an hour a in b 19 Ann works hard _the week, so she likes to relax _week-ends a since/for b during/at c on/during d at/until 20 the age of twelve he wrote his first play a in b c on d at 5.3 Circle the correct option in the sentences below Which sentence is NOT correct? Which sentence is NOT correct? A I‟ll finish the work in the morning A I‟m having a party at my birthday B We went to Turkey in June B I‟ve got a meeting at 10 o‟clock C Let‟s go the cinema in the weekend C I want to go on holiday at New Year Which sentence is NOT correct? Which sentence is NOT correct? A I‟ve got to go to work on Monday A Shall we go out tonight? B We‟re going to the theatre on tomorrow night B I saw James yesterday C She was born on 6th December C I went to university 1996 Which preposition goes in the space? Which preposition goes in the space? We‟re going on holiday _ spring I always have a cup of tea _ the morning A at A Don‟t need a preposition here B in B on C on C at Complete the sentence Complete the sentence I saw Derek _ Friday afternoon We‟re going clubbing tonight A in A Don‟t need a preposition here B on B on C in the C at Which sentence is NOT correct? 10 Which sentence is NOT correct? A.We always have a cup of coffee at breaktime A I start college in 30th September B Can we visit you at Tuesday? B I left university in 2007 C We always visit our relatives at Christmas C It rains a lot in summer 5.4 Translate the reading into Vietnamese 43 UNIT 12: MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL Vocabulary Working capital (n) [wə:kiη ˈkæpɪtl] : vốn, vốn lƣu động Insolvency (n) [in'sɔlvənsi] : phá sản Financial metric (n) [fai'nỉn∫l ˈmɛtrɪk] : đơn vị tài Liquidity (n) [li'kwiditi] : tính lƣu động Permanent (adj) ['pə:mənənt] : dài hạn Temporary (adj) [ˈtɛmpərɛri] : ngắn hạn Seasonal fluctuation (n) [´si:zənəl flʌktuəˈeɪʃən] : biến động theo mùa Cyclical fluctuation (n) [´saiklikl flʌktuəˈeɪʃən] : biến động theo chu kỳ Overdraft facility [´ouvədra:ft fəˈsɪlɪti] thỏa thuận với ngân hàng (n) : khoản vay vƣợt giới hạn Inventory (n) [´invəntəri] : hàng tồn kho Work in progress (n) [wə:k in 'prougre] : bán thành phẩm, sản phẩm dở dang Finished goods (n) [ˈfɪnɪʃt gudz] : thành phẩm Debtors (n) [´detə] : ngƣời mắc nợ Excess (adj) [ik'ses] : dƣ thừa Soak up (v) [soʊk Λp] : bòn rút Contingency (n) [cəntigənci] : điều xảy bất thƣờng (Không từ) Reading Working capital is a financial metric which represents operating liquidity available to a business, organization or other entity Working capital management is the management of the short-term investment and financing of a company It consists of all aspects of both current assets and current liabilities, to minimize the risk of insolvency while maximizing the return on assets The main objective of working capital management is to get the balance of current assets and current liabilities right The aim of working capital management is to achieve balance between having sufficient working capital to ensure that the business is liquid but not too much that the level of working capital reduced profitability 44 Working capital management is essential for the long‐term success of a business No business can survive if it cannot meet its day‐to‐day obligations A business must therefore have clear policies for the management of each component of working capital Working capital management is a key factor in an organization's long-term success Working capital can initially be broken down into two types: permanent and temporary Permanent working capital is tied up in keeping the business flowing throughout the year, while temporary working capital is needed from time to time to take account of seasonal, cyclical or unexpected fluctuation in the business The later type is usually serviced from an overdraft facility Both types of working capital have three applications: firstly inventories, secondly debtors and finally cash Inventories can be divided into inventories of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods These three can soak up an enormous amount of excess working capital if not well managed It‟s the job of the financial manager to minimize the stocks of raw materials, the level of the work in progress and the quantity of finished goods On the debtor side, working capital is required to finance the gap between payment due to suppliers and payment owed by customers Finally, cash is needed for both normal and abnormal requirements Sound cash management will ensure that adequate cash is always available for meeting the company‟s day to day debts and that is also a small reserve on hand to meet contingencies Comprehension 3.1 Choose the correct answer What does working capital management consists of? What is NOT the main purpose of working capital management? A current assets and liabilities A to get balance assets B short term loan and assets B to get balance liabilities C interests and liabilities C to maximize the loan How many types of working capital management are there? A Which of the following does working capital has? A inventories, debtors, cash B B overdraft, cash, liquidity C C profit, debt, liability Which of the following is NOT Cash is needed for: included in inventories? A raw materials, finished goods A normal requirements B work in progress B normal, abnormal requirements 45 Collecting and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, fraud, extravagance, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies Reporting to management about asset utilization and audit results, and recommending changes in operations and financial activities Preparing detailed reports on audit findings Reviewing data about material assets, net worth, liabilities, capital stock, surplus, income, and expenditures Inspecting account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions Examining and evaluate financial and information systems, recommending controls to ensure system reliability and data integrity Auditors can be either internal or external auditors Internal auditors: Work for professional firms outsourced by client companies Work in-house as part of an organization‟s accounting team Work for large private companies, organizations and charities Internal auditors work largely in the private sector to improve the efficiency of businesses and identify where processes are not working as they should External auditors: Work with firms of chartered and certified accountants, such as the National Audit Office Carry out obligatory audits of the public sector and governmental bodies May be called to examine the finances of private businesses, especially those working in association with governmental bodies External auditors play a vital role in ensuring that money raised by taxes is used effectively and efficiently Comprehension 3.1 Choose the best answer What does an auditor do? Which is NOT one task of external auditor? A check business record‟s accuracy A examine the finances B save the possible risk B work for National audit Office C make financial record C carry out audit obligation D improve business D sell shares Who does internal auditor work for? Which is one role of auditor? A government A pay tax B a law company B protect shareholder’s interests C a private company C buy assets D a department D borrow money from the bank 3.2 Answer the questions below Who are auditors? How many kinds of auditor are there? 62 How the auditors ensure that money is used correctly and effectively? What the auditors report to the manager? Who the internal auditors work for? Grammatical points: Must, have to, should 4.1 Should expresses an advice or a suggestion Should is followed by a plain form verb People should protect environment We should use reusable bags when shopping 4.2 Must: We use must to express a stronger point of view, to express personal opinions or person‟s point of view We must come to see the doctor Doctor: You must be on a diet Must not (mustn’t): used for prohibited or forbidden Students mustn‟t talk in the class We mustn‟t drive when we drink wine or beer You mustn‟t leave medicines where children can get to them 4.3 Have to: a semi-modal, expresses necessity (strong advisability) However, it is unlike other modals It uses as an auxiliary Negating the modal results in a different meaning from negating the infinitive clause We have to stop when the traffic light is red He has to drive on the left when he‟s in England Do you have to drive every day? Don't have to expresses something is lack of necessity or not required S + don’t /doesn’t + have to + V You don't have to park on the street, but it would be nice if you did He doesn't have to go to work every day He can work from home on some days (It's not necessary.) You don‟t have to park the car The hotel valet will it for you Tim doesn‟t have to go to school today It‟s a holiday You didn‟t have to shout Everyone could hear you Word study 5.1 Rewrite the sentences using an appropriate modal to replace the words in italics If you want your website to be effective, it’s necessary to work on it all the time If you want your website to be effective, you have to work on it all the time It is a good idea for online retailers to despatch orders quickly Online retailers 63 One of the good things about their website is that it is not necessary to register One of the good things about their website is that you It is a good idea to put your logo on every page of your site You _ If you order before March 15th, there is no obligation for you to pay until July If you order before March 15th, you This deal is very important for all of us, so no mistakes please This deal is very important, so we _ 5.2 Match each sentence to the concept expressed by the modal in bold Online retailers should offer  a No obligation/ no necessary secure online ordering You have to work very hard  b Advice to attract visitors to your site if you need a password, you mustn’t  c Obligation/ necessary let anyone else use it People like it when they don’t  d prohibition have to register to visit a site 5.3 Choose the correct answer You will _pay on receipt of the goods A should B have to The museum is free You _pay have to B don‟t have to You park here It's an emergency exit A must B mustn‟t You _smoke It's bad for you A shouldn‟t B don‟t have to C mustn‟t C mustn‟t C don‟t have to C must I wear a uniform when I was at school A must B had to C mustn‟t He come back early because it‟s going to rain A has to B mustn‟t C had to How much is the ticket for the concert? - It‟s free You pay for it A must B not to have C don‟t have to Candidates bring books into the examination room A have to B mustn‟t C had to Father to son: You _come home earlier at night A must B has to C doesn‟t have to 10 Children eat this It‟s spicy A have to B shouldn‟t C must 64 11 Carrots can be eaten raw You _ cook them B don‟t have to A have to C should 12 You _be late for the race on Friday It's very important! A should B have to C mustn‟t UNIT 17: PROJECT PLANNING Vocabulary : dự án Project (n) [ɔprɔdɔɔkt ] Project goal Project deliverable (n) (n) [ɔprɔdɔɔkt goul ] : mục tiêu dự án [di´livərəbl ] : dự án chuyển giao Project schedule Support plan (n) (n) ['skedɔu:l] [sə´pɔ:t plæn] : kế hoạch dự án : hỗ trợ dự án Human resource plan (n) ['hju:mən ri'sɔ:rs plæn ] : nguồn nhân lực dự án Communications plan (n) [kə,mju:ni'keiɔn] : Risk management plan (n) [risk : quản lý rủi ro dự án 'mænidɔmənt] Timeframe (n) [taim freim] : phạm vi, thời gian cho phép, thời hạn Defined stage (n) [di'faind steɔdɔ] : giai đoạn xác định Designated resource (n) ['dezigneitid : nguồn tài nguyên xác định ri'sɔ:s ] Stakeholder Impact (n) (v) ['steik,houldə] [ ɔm‟pỉkt ] : cổ đơng : tác động, ảnh hƣởng Specify (v) [´spesifai] : định rõ Free templates (n) [fri: 'templeit] : mẫu có sẵn Progress report (n) [prougres ri'pɔ:t] : báo cáo tiến độ công việc Milestones (n) [mailstoun] : điểm mốc Reading Project planning is a discipline for stating how to complete a project within a certain timeframe, usually with defined stages, and with designated resources The project plan can be viewed as a type of contract between the project team members and other stakeholders 65 Everyone on the project team should be involved in developing the plan to realize the value of a project plan in saving time, money and many problems The project manager should provide leadership in this area The key to a successful project is in the planning Creating a project plan is the first thing you should when undertaking any kind of project When planning a project you should follow the steps below: Step 1: Project goals A project is successful when the needs of the stakeholders have been met As a first step, it is important to identify the stakeholders in your project This is the most difficult part of the planning process completed because it is not always easy to identify the stakeholders of a project Step 2: Project deliverables Using the goals you have defined in step 1, create a list of things the project needs to deliver in order to meet those goals Specify when and how each item must be delivered Step 3: Project schedule Create a list of tasks that need to be carried out for each deliverable identified in step For each task identify the following: The amount of effort (hours or days) required to complete the task The resource who will carry out the task At this point in the planning, you could choose to use a software package such as Microsoft Project to create your project schedule Alternatively, use one of the many free templates available Input all of the deliverables, tasks, durations and the resources who will complete each task Step 4: Supporting plans This section deals with plans you should create as part of the planning process These can be included directly in the plan Human resource plan: Identify by name, the individuals and organizations with a leading role in the project Next, describe the number and type of people needed to carry out the project Communications plan: Create a document showing who needs to be informed about the project and how they will receive the information The most common mechanism is a weekly or monthly progress report, describing how the project is performing, milestones achieved and work planned for the next period Risk Management plan: is an important part of project management Although often overlooked, it is important to identify as many risks to your project as possible, and be prepared if something bad happens Comprehension 3.1 Match each word/ phrase with its definition Risk a number and type of people carry out the project 66 Human resources b establish time, risk, scope or cost to complete the tasks Project schedule c bad things happen to the project Project plan d someone input money in the project stakeholder e timetable required to complete the tasks 3.2 True (T) or false (F) statements Project planning is understood as a type of contract Planning is the most important task of the project It‟s easy to identify the stakeholders of the project Project schedule can be created by a Microsoft project Human resource plan means project cost Progress of the project must be reported weekly or monthly Grammatical points: Various uses of have To have (main verb) used to indicate possessions, characteristics, relationships or qualities He has three books by Hemingway Jane has a sister in France Frank has a lot of free time these days I don‟t have a watch * To have is also used to express actions: have a bath, wash, shower; have fun; have a party; have a walk, hike, ride; have a discussion, fight, argument Erica is having a bath at the moment I had a walk with my mother last night * To have means to wear: She wants to have new dress * To have means to eat or drink I have a cup of tea every morning I had breakfast about an hour ago * To have means to suffer: I have had enough of her tantrums I have had this pain for almost a year Word study 5.1 Put the correct form of have into the following sentences Use am having, is having, etc., as a future form He _ the headache last night You _ a good journey yesterday? We _ some friends in for dinner tonight Babies teeth when they‟re born Customer: You _ any mushroom today? Shop keeper: We usually them but I‟m afraid we any at the moment How many letters the alphabet _? 67 It‟s no good arguing with someone who a bee in his bonnet Why you _ a cooked breakfast? It‟s too much trouble How did you damage your car? I _ an accident 10 He _ a meeting tomorrow to discuss safety precautions 5.2 Choose the correct option Don‟t disturb him He _ a rest A has B is having C have Why didn't you answer the phone? - I was _ A having a storm B having a shower C having a breakfast _the houses in your country flat roofs? A do/ have B does/ have C do/ has Why are they making such a noise? They _ an argument A have B haven‟t C are having English people usually roast beef for lunch on Sundays A having B have C has He _ an operation next week A have B is having C has Why were they late? They a puncture A have B are having C had _you ever a nightmare? A have/ had B are/ having C did/ have I don't eat much during the day I never A have a baby B have lunch C have a shower 10 Sarah starts work at o'clock and _ at 10.30 A has a break B had a chat C have a look 11 We last week It was great - we invited lots of people A had a baby B have a flight C had a party 12 Excuse me, can I at your newspaper, please? A have a look B had a time C had a bread 13 John is away on holiday at the moment I hope he A is having a nice time B had a baby C had a cigar 14 I met Ann in the supermarket yesterday We stopped and _ A had a chat B have a pen C had a journey 15 Did you finding the book you wanted? - No, I found it OK A have a look B have a break C have difficulty 16 Susie a few days ago It's her second child A had a baby B had a walk C had a lesson 17 You meet your friend, Susan at the airport She has just arrived You say: Hi Susan How are you? Did you _? 68 A have a ride B have a drink C have a good flight 18 Nowadays, children too much pocket money I _any when I was at school A has/ don‟t have B have/ didn‟t have C have/ had 19 Do you think we should eat this meat It _ a very nice smell A don‟t have B have C doesn‟t have 20 I _ a look at that house tomorrow If I like it I‟ll buy it A am having B will have C not have UNIT 18: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Vocabulary International business (n) [intə'næɔənəl 'biznis] : kinh doanh quốc tế Domestic business Multinational business Global business Acquire (n) (n) (n) (v) [də'mestik biznis] [mɔlti'næ∫ənəl biznis] ['gloubəl biznis] [ə'kwaiə] : kinh doanh nƣớc : kinh doanh đa quốc gia : kinh doanh toàn cầu : thu đƣợc, đạt đƣợc Revenues Transcend Boundary Raw materials Import Export Accrue Subsidize Incentive (n) (v) (n) (n) (v) (v) (v) (v) (n) ['revənju:] [træn'send] ['baundəri] [rɔ: mə'tiəriəl] ['impɔ:t] ['ekspɔ:t] [ə'kru:] ['sɔbsidaiz] [Incentive] : doanh thu : vƣợt qúa : biên giới, danh giới : nguyên liệu thô : nhập : xuất : tích lũy lại, dồn lại : trợ cấp, bù lỗ, bảo hộ : ƣu đãi Dumping Impose Quotas Restrict Enact (n) (v) (n) (v) (v) ['dɔmpiη] [im'pouz] ['kwoutə] [ri'strikt] [i'nækt] : bán phá giá : áp thuế : hạn ngạch : hạn chế : ban hành Reading International business means business transactions (private and governmental) between two or more countries The term "international business" refers to all those business activities which involve cross-border transactions of goods, services, resources between two or more nations International business consists of domestic, international, multinational and global business Domestic business acquires all of its resources and sell all of its products or services within a single country 69 International business is primarily based in a single country acquires a meaningful share of its resources or revenues from other countries Multinational business transcends national boundaries and buy raw materials, borrows money and manufactures and sells its products in a world - wide market Global business transcends national boundaries and is not committed to a single home country There are several reasons why government try to control the imports and exports of a country One reason is that a country enjoys an advantage if it exports more than it imports Wealth accrues to the export country Some countries have special programs to encourage exports They may be programs that provide marketing information, establish trade missions, subsidize exports and provide tax benefits or incentives Government subsidies allow companies to sell products cheaply Sometimes these subsidized companies export their products and sell them cheaply overseas This practice is known as dumping Dumping is selling on a foreign market at a price below the cost of production On the other hand, governments impose taxes and quotas to restrict imports of certain products Sometimes governments want to protect a domestic industry because that industry provides employment for the population Not only the industries, but also the labor unions encourage the government to enact protectionist controls Exporting companies sometimes set up subsidiaries in the market countries The larger companies is referred as the parent company A large company that sets up production facilities in several different countries is referred as a multinational Comprehension 3.1 Choose the correct answer Which is the best definition of international business? A business of one nation B business of home country C business of more than one nation Which of the following is mentioned in domestic business? A buy, sell products within a single country B buy, sell products across border C buy, sell products in a world-wide market How you understand the word “dumping”? A sell products more expensive B sell products cheaper C imports more products What business activities is referred to international business? A goods, services, resources B raw materials, transactions C dumping, tax benefit Which of the following is NOT used to encourage exports? A subsidize exports B raise taxes C provide incentives Why governments protect a domestic industry? A it provides dumping B it imposes tax C it provides employment 3.2 Answer the following questions What companies when getting government subsidies? Why government impose taxes and quotas? 70 What is a parent company? Grammatical points: Gerund (V-ing) A gerund is a verb in its –ing form, used as a noun Gerund can be subject of sentences (as a noun) Becoming a fully qualified doctor takes about years Getting unemployment down is one of the government‟s priorities Smoking causes lung cancer - Gerund can be object of sentences: I‟ll never forget seeing her for the first time What time did you finish reading last night? - Gerund used after some verbs, such as: like, hate, enjoy, quit, suggest, dislike, deny,… - Gerund can be used after prepositions, expressions and phrase verbs After arriving at work, she got an important massage He gave up smoking He kept on asking for money Jim ended up buying a new TV after his old one broke I look forward to hearing from you soon Word study 5.1 Complete the sentences with a verb in – ing form A lot of business people in this country object to (pay) _ such high tax I‟m not aware of any regulations that should prevent us from (export) _ to those countries If a country has a floating currency, importers and exporters may have to keep (change) _ the prices of their goods Try to avoid (make) _ him angry It‟s no use (cry) over spilt milk The children prefer (watch) to (read) (Fish) is prohibited here Do you mind (give) me a hand? (Start) _ a business requires capital 10 She avoided _ (tell) him about her plans 5.2 Gerund or Infinitive – Fill in the correct form Mary enjoys _ to music (listen) I don‟t mind _ the washing up (do) Irregular verbs are not easy _ (remember) My flat is easy _ (find) She is interested in _ a doctor (become) He is saving money _ a new car (buy) My favorite hobby is _ (cook) I‟m sick of _ hamburgers every day (eat) 71 It is important _ the net for more information (surf) 10 _ sport every day is good for your health (do) 11 I wish the manager (see) 12 He decided himself by as a woman (disguise/dress) 13 He surprise us by _ away without _ “Goodbye” (go/ say) 14 _on the beach is much more pleasant than in the office (lie/sit) 15 I hate _ a child _ (see/ cry) 72 He's a good friend and very helpful – you can always rely on him Accommodation was so expensive in Switzerland I spent all my money on hotels He's always boasting about how good a guitarist he is My boss has just resigned I don't think he could cope The online game is aimed at Do you believe in from to for her license arthritis life after death? 10 I liked English at school, but I was terrible 12 I always turn the pressure teenagers and young adults My wife has passed her driving test and has applied My grandfather suffered w ith at French my father for advice He's like a wise owl have a bee in his bonnet (mat tri) 73 Tài liệu cần tham khảo: - Hanoi University of Finance, English for Finance and Accounting - Hanoi University of Techniques, English for Finance and Accounting - Hanoi Ecnomics University, English for Finance and Accounting 74 TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI TRUNG ƯƠNG I  : Thụy An, Ba Vì, Hà Nội : http:// gtvttw1.edu.vn : (024) 33.863.050 : info@gtvttw1.edu.vn