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NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY Tourism & Hospitality Faculty GROUP ASSIGNMENT Psychology and Communication in Tourism Group: Class: IHME 62 Topic: The demand for volunteer tourism among young people in Hanoi Members of group: Chu Ha Giang Vu Thi Thao Nguyen Quang Huy Pham Thi Anh Tuyet Ha Thi Que Anh Do Tung Lam Bui Thao Phuong Hanoi, October 2022 Table of Contents I Theoretical basis II Practical basis III Objectives, scope and methods of the survey 3.1 Survey objective .3 3.2 Survey object and scope IV Survey Result Analysis 4.1 Perspectives about volunteer tourism 4.1.1 The answers from Volunteer tourism experienced tourists perspective .5 4.1.2 The answers from unexperienced volunteer tourism tourists 13 4.2 Tourists behavior when taking part in volunteer tourism trip 15 4.3 General information 18 V Discuss the survey results and propose some solutions and recommendations .21 5.1 Discussing the survey results 21 5.2 Solutions to develop volunteer tourism as a tourism product 22 I Theoretical basis According to the development trend of society, tourism has been playing an important role in the world economy in general and Vietnam's economy in particular Tourism contributes a significant part to GDP and creates career opportunities for a part of Vietnam's population The development of the tourism industry has also brought development benefits to many other economic sectors, especially those closely related such as hotels, restaurants, transportation to economic companies such as companies providing local goods and services, tourism, insurance, etc (Goeldner et al 2006) One of the more recent forms of tourism to emerge is what has become known as Volunteer Tourism, the practice of individuals going on a working holiday, volunteering their labor for worthy causes According to Wearing, a traveler who " for various reasons volunteers in an organized way to undertake holidays that might involve aiding or alleviating the material poverty of some groups in society, the restoration of certain environments, or research into aspects of society or environment" is referred to as a volunteer tourist (Wearing 2001: 1) Volunteer travelers should not be confused with "working tourists," who are typically travelers taking a "gap year." Some "working tourists" work for pay while traveling, therefore the distinction should not be made Volunteer tourists are not paid when they are traveling Instead, people pay in a number of different ways for the right to volunteer (Wearing 2001; Ellis 2003) Volunteer tourism is located within such frameworks, where efforts are made to create a travel style that is more friendly or beneficial to the local population and the ecosystem (See also Wearing and Neil 1997; Wearing and Neil 2001; Weiler and Richins 1995) In one of the most comprehensive volumes specifically devoted to the study of volunteer tourism, Wearing (2001) situates volunteer tour- ism within the field of alternative tourism and ecotourism and suggests that volunteer tourism has the potential to induce change, specifically "value change and changed consciousness" (Wearing 2003) Volunteer tourism is frequently seen as an alternative to the drawbacks associated with other forms of tourism (Gray and Campbell 2007), or is at least presumed to bring about positive changes in either the volunteer tourists (Broad 2003; Brown and Morrison 2003; Campbell and Smith 2006; Cousins 2007; Halpenny and Caissie 2003; McGeh 2003) Wearing suggests that volunteer tourism has positive influences on its participants, and this line of thought is echoed in many other academic works (Scheyvens 2002; Uriely et al 2003) Volunteer tourists frequently have multiple motivations, and selfless motivations are not always mutually exclusive with leisure or self-development motivations Broad, for example, suggested that "traditionally associated with volunteering, such as altruism, will be relevant, as will those traditionally associated with recreational travelers, such as a search for fun, excitement, adventure, and meeting others." Many volunteer tourists may be motivated by opportunities to learn and enrich themselves, to feel like they are part of a team, or to express their individuality and accomplishment through volunteer work (see Wearing and Neil 2001) Despite the fact that volunteer tourism appears to speak of "justice" or "goodwill" tourism, which prioritizes the benefits available to volunteer aid-recipients (Butcher 2003; Scheyvens 2002; Stoddart and Rogerson 2004), potential benefits to the volunteer worker are also important motivators Derived from the necessity of understanding the needs of young people for volunteer tourism, this survey was conducted with the topic “The demand for volunteer tourism among young people in Hanoi” and to assess the level of desire, motivation, and tendency of young people to volunteer in the age group of 18-25 II Practical basis Nowadays, tourism allows people to discover new lands, and learn about different cultures; it can also bring more meaningful value in life: not only live for yourself, for your family, for your friends, but also for the people around you, even for an unknown community Such types of "responsible" tourism have been increasingly popular in Vietnam, especially "volunteer tourism", a meaningful type of tourism that developed sustainably, was and is becoming a new global trend Volunteer tourism has been growing strongly, becoming a trend that attracts many volunteers, especially young people This type of tourism has attracted more than 1.6 million tourism volunteers, and is an industry that generates nearly 200 billion USD in revenue each year (according to Sujan Pariyar) According to a survey by Marriott International and Chase bank, 84% of young people aged 18-34 are willing to travel abroad to participate in volunteer activities, this figure is 68% among 35-49 year olds and at the age of 50-67 it is 50% These figures show that volunteer tourism is really attractive in today's modern society Because volunteer tourism is a way to learn and experience the best cultural flows, an opportunity to accumulate more experiences in life and to lay the foundation for an individual's career as well as help them discover their own potential ability However, in reality, the role and significance of volunteer tourism for the community is much greater Realizing that volunteer tourism is a great potential for tourism business as well as diversifying products for units in Hanoi, our team decided to survey “The demand for volunteer tourism of young people in Hanoi" to offer practical solutions and suggestions to develop volunteer tourism III Objectives, scope and methods of the survey 3.1 Survey objective General objective: In the present age,volunteer tourism is a relatively new type of tourism in Vietnam The survey of volunteer tourism needs of young people in Hanoi contributes to affirming the advantages and human values of this type of tourism, thereby drawing conclusions about the potential development of this type of tourism and proposing some strategies and measures to exploit effectively in order to promote tourist needs and develop volunteer tourism more and more popular Specific objective: Collect data and conduct surveys on demographics, psychology, and the relationship between those parameters and the demand for volunteer tourism, resulting in appropriate future measures to promote the development of youth volunteer tourism in Hanoi in particular and in Vietnam in general 3.2 Survey object and scope Survey object: The survey focuses on people aged 18 to 25 who have a need to participate in volunteer tourism in Hanoi; from there, discovering the potential of tourism and people; and offering the best solutions so as to develop this type of tourism in Hanoi in particular, as well as in Vietnam in general Survey scope: ● Survey period: September, 2022 ● Survey scope: Deeply focus on surveying the volunteer tourism needs of Hanoi's young people through both face-to-face and online surveys Survey method: ● Data collection method: Primary data was collected through a survey on the voluntary tourism needs of 200 people aged 18 to 25 in Hanoi with a pre-prepared likert-scale questionnaire through two forms, namely face-to-face interviews and online interviews on the Internet ● Data analysis method: After collecting primary data from the questionnaire, the data will be processed and analyzed by software with mainly descriptive statistics in the form of frequency (%) and statistics by column chart to assess the need for young people in Hanoi between the ages of 18 and 25 to participate in volunteer tourism Document continues below Discover more Psychology and from: Communicatio… Đại học Kinh tế Quố… 4 documents Go to course Group presentation 10 30 11 Personal Factors Psychology and Communicatio… None Group presentation Org buying behavior Psychology and Communicatio… None [ Psychology] Group work report Psychology and Communicatio… None Chap 03 - Something useful Public Finance 100% (2) CH 16 Answer SET Public Finance 100% (4) Chap 01 14 IV Survey Result Analysis Public Finance 100% (1) After days of releasing the questionnaire through Google Form, we received 137 valid responses They answered all the subjects listed, no question was reported to be confusing or unreasonable 4.1 Perspectives about volunteer tourism (*) Have you ever participated in volunteer tourism? ● Out of 137 respondents, 40 respondents (accounting for 29,3%) said they had experienced Volunteer Tourism The remaining 70,8% of respondents have never experienced Volunteer Tourism This proves that this type of tourism is still relatively new to Vietnamese tourists in the age of 18-25 or their concept, design have not met their needs ● 62 respondents who have not experienced Volunteer tourism shared their reasons, which mainly are: ○ They have not had any knowledge about volunteer tourism ( 16 respondents) ○ They have not had chances to get approach to volunteer tourism 29 ○ They not have much time (14 respondents) ○ They have not had any friends or organizations to participate volunteer tourism with them (7 respondents) ○ A few respondents show that they haven’t had any demands for volunteer tourism (5 respondents) Since experienced tourists in volunteer tourism may have different perspectives to this kind of tourism from travelers who has not have a chance to participate it, we separated our respondents into main groups to recognize the distinctions between their behaviors when thinking and entering volunteer tourism: (1) Tourists experiencing in volunteer tourism and (2) Tourists who have not joined in volunteer tourism 4.1.1 The answers from Volunteer tourism experienced tourists perspective (1) What are your concerns before taking part in volunteer tourism? - - - - - When asked about the rate of agreement about the issues considered when participate in volunteer tourism: “The amount paid for volunteer trip “ factor has : + Only 2,5 % showed extremely disagreement + 10% responded that they disagree with this factor + 30% of individuals responded to be neutral + 40% of respondents agree with this factor + 17.5% showed that they extremely agree how much they will pay is one of their concerns before joining a volunteer trip + The mean score for this factor is 3.41, which shows that respondents nearly agree with this statement “Density, work schedule of individual (and group) during the trip” factor has: + 10% respondents feel that it is not their concern before taking part in a volunteer trip + 15% responded to be neutral + Nearly a half of respondents (42.5%) are agree with this statement + 32.5 % extremely agree that they consider to the amount of work or activities that they have to complete during the trip “Things gained after the volunteer trip “ factor has: + 7.5 % said that they have never thought about things gained after the volunteer trip + 20 % showed to be neutral + 30% is the rate of agreement on that benefits gained after the trip is one of their concern + Nearly a half of experienced respondents (42.5%) told that they are extremely concerned about this factor “Information about the locals and the destination where they will have volunteer trip” factor has + 2.5% of respondents not pay attention to it + 17.5% said to be neutral + 47.5% agreed that they have a concern in this factor + 32.5 % extremely agreed “ Benefits to the community after their volunteer activities” factor has - - - - - - + 2.5 % extremely disagreed that the benefits that they bring for the volunteered location is not their concern before the trip + 5% disagree about this statement + 15% showed to be neutral + 35% respondents agree with this factor + 42.5 % extremely agree that this factor is one of their concern before joining in volunteer tourism “The safety of volunteer tourism” factor has: + 5% showed no concern about this issue + 12.5% reported to be neutral + 25% agreed that safety is what they concern when participate in volunteer tourism + Most respondents (57.5%) showed their extremely interest about the safety of volunteer tourism “ The professionalism of the tourism organization” factor has : + only 2.5% not concern about this factor + The rest of respondents are neutral to extremely agree that they care about The professionalism of the tourism organization with the mean result is 4.125, relatively with agree level “ Other participants (age, gender, health, group, adult, group, child, etc.)” factor has: + 10% disagree with this factor + 40% to be neutral + 37.5% agree that they have anxiety with participants in volunteer tour + 12.5 % showed their extreme interest about their tour participants “Registration process (Simplified, without complicated procedures” factor has:: + Only 2.5% thought that Registration process has no effect on their decision when choosing volunteer tourism at all + 7.5% responded not to consider this factor before entering volunteer tour + 40% said to be neutral + 30% agreed that they considered about Registration process + 20% respondents is extremely concerned about Registration process when they want to enter Volunteer tour “Time to join Volunteer tourism” factor has: + 10% reported that time to join volunteer tourism is not their concern + 15% shown to be neutral + 75% of respondents agreed and extremely agree that they really care about time to join volunteer tourism “Means of transportation when taking part in volunteer tourism:” factor has When researching about the awareness of respondents about the economic and social benefits that volunteer tourism brings back, we received the results : - Most respondents (80%) agreed that volunteer tourism helps local communities improve their lives, raise people's knowledge, and awareness of the environment and culture - 72.5% agreed that volunteer tourism will promote sustainable tourism, propagate environment protection , positively develop local culture values and local economy - 62.5 % of respondents showed their agreement that this kind of tourism helps reduce the burden on the state budget (9) How did you feel about bellowed drawbacks of volunteer tourism Through the survey, it can be seen that most of the limiting factors of volunteer tourism are agreed by the survey participants In which, "Visitors lack practical information, which leads to waste of time doing things that not bring practical results as they expect" is agreed by most people (with 62.5% of people choosing level and level 5) Followed by the level of agreement on limitations gradually decreased through the factors "Visitors lack of factual information leading to waste of time doing things that not bring the practical effect as they expected", " Spontaneous tourism, lack of organization, lack of specific regulations and principles can lead to more negative impacts than positive According to the survey results, the factor "Abused and abandoned children now face additional psychological trauma when tourists leave, because most tourists will not return after sticking with them only a few weeks" was the least agreed with 35% of respondents 12 (10) What was your perspective about the following volunteer tourism development orientations? When being asked about the perspectives for the future development of volunteer tourism: - “Volunteer tourism must come from the local community's own benefits” + individuals responded to be disagree with this perspectives + individuals responded to be neutral + 30 individuals (75%) agreed and totally agreed with this perspectives to be the right way to develop volunteer tourism in the near future - “Volunteer tourism must be carried out in an organized manner, with clear operating principles” + people disagreed with this opinion + people responded to be neutral + Half of the people responded that they think tourism must be carried out in an organized manner + 13 people totally agreed with this perspective - “Human resources participating in volunteer tourism must be community oriented” + individuals totally disagreed with this statement + individuals show their disagreement + One-fourth tend to be neutral + 16 individuals agree that human community oriented is crucial in volunteer tourism + 11 asked people totally agreed with this opinion - “Volunteer tourism networks are essential” + responded to be disagreed + responded to be neutral + 75% of the respondents agreed and totally agreed with this statement - “There should be scientific research works, creative ideas, startups towards developing and promoting volunteer tourism products” + responded to be totally disagreed + said to be disagreed 13 + individuals responded to be neutral + Nearly 75% of respondents (28 people) agree and totally agreed with this statement (11) Which benefits could volunteer tourism bring back? Through the result of the interview, most of the interviewees agreed upon the benefits of the volunteer tourism that we carry out In detail, “Help those in need” , “Experience the local culture” and “Create value for the community” have the most agreement among interviewees with nearly 90% of respondents agreeing and totally agree with the statements On the other hand, “Experience volunteer tourism according to the crowd effect” is disagreed the most by individuals who were interviewed.The following is the descending order in terms of agreement about the benefits that volunteer tourism brings back:“Improve soft skills”, “Expand relationship”, “Explore new lands”,“Get a volunteer certificate to beautify your profile” These factors have the things in common: not have too much disagreement, lots of interviewees agreed with these benefits however they still have neutral opinions 4.1.2 The answers from unexperienced volunteer tourism tourists (1) What are your concerns before taking part in volunteer tourism? - - 82.5% of unexperienced volunteer tourists would concerned about the safety of volunteer tourism before attending this kind of tourism, with the mean of 4.23 26% showed to be neutral meanwhile, approximately 66% agreed with“ The professionalism of the tourism organization” , the mean value for this factor is 3.83 14 - Nearly 34% showed their neutral opinion about the amount paid for volunteer trip when 61% thought that they have a concern about this factor when considering taking part in volunteer tourism ( the mean is 3.73) - “Density, work schedule of individual (and group) during the trip “ factor has 71% of respondents agreeing to be one of their consideration ( the mean is 3.83 - 68 % responded to be concerned about““Things gained after the volunteer trip “ with the mean is 3.89 - “Information about the locals and the destination where they will have volunteer trip” has 67% of respondents agreed to be considered with the mean of 3.83 - 70% reported that they would consider“ The benefits to the community after their volunteer activities” with the mean of 3.89 - 35% expressed to be neutral, not pay much attention to “registration process (Simplified, without complicated procedures”, meanwhile 56.7% concerned about it ( mean= 3.64) - “Time to join Volunteer tourism” factor has 67% agreement to be their concern (mean= 3.83) - 37% of respondents reported that “Means of transportation when taking part in volunteer tourism” are not their consideration while 56.7% agree means of transport during volunteer trip are important to them (mean = 3.7) - - 64% would care about “ Accommodation during the participation in volunteer tourism (mean = 3.78) (2) Which economic and social benefits can volunteer tourism bring back? When researching about the awareness of inexperienced respondents about the economic and social benefits that volunteer tourism brings back, we received the results: - 60% respondents agreed that volunteer tourism will promote sustainable tourism, - 79% agreed that volunteer tourism helps propagate environment protection , positively develop local culture values - 74.5% agreed that volunteer tourism would positively develop local economy 15 - 62 % of respondents thought that this kind of tourism helps reduce the burden on the state budget - 72% thought volunteer tourism would improve local lives, raise people's knowledge, and awareness of the environment and culture (3) How did you feel about bellowed drawbacks of volunteer tourism Through the survey, it can be seen that most of the limiting factors of volunteer tourism are agreed by inexperienced volunteer tourists In which, "Visitors lack practical information, which leads to waste of time doing things that not bring practical results as they expect" is agreed by 61% The level of agreement on limitations gradually decreased through the factors "”Tours are not for the community: the purpose of the trip is mainly for the personal benefits of the participants" (59%), 56% agreed that" Spontaneous tourism, lack of organization, lack of specific regulations and principles can lead to more negative impacts than positive The factor "Abused and abandoned children now face additional psychological trauma when tourists leave, because most tourists will not return after sticking with them only a few weeks' ' was the least agreed with 46% of respondents while 41% showed their wonder about this factor (4) What was your perspective about the following volunteer tourism development orientations? When being asked about the perspectives for the future development of volunteer tourism: - 78% of individuals agreed and totally agreed with the perspectives “Volunteer tourism must come from the local community's own benefits” - 75% responded to agree and totally agree with the factor“Volunteer tourism must be carried out in an organized manner, with clear operating principles” 16 - “Human resources participating in volunteer tourism must be community oriented” factor received 70% agreed and extremely agreed - 56.7% thought that“Volunteer tourism networks are essential” while 36% showed to be insecure about this perspective - 40% of respondents showed their uncertainty about the perspective “There should be scientific research works, creative ideas, startups towards developing and promoting volunteer tourism products” when half of respondents (52%) agree with it 4.2 Tourists behavior when taking part in volunteer tourism trip (1) Which kind of volunteer tourism you prefer? When it came to the volunteer tourism form, the survey participants showed that they were extremely interested in giving gifts to children, disadvantaged people (64%), HELPING AND TEACHING ORPHANS (54%-56%) Besides, volunteer tourism that contributes to the conservation of nature, endangered animals(47%), tourism development (43%) and disaster relief (34%) are also considered Finally, food delivery support (30%), medical (29%) and Missionary (9%) seem to be the last resort (2) What you need to prepare for your volunteer tourism trip? Through the survey, health is the first thing that the survey participants are concerned about when they join volunteer tourism with more than 91% And then, they 17 respectively think about their Adaptability (83%), Teamwork spirit (73%), Communication skills (69%), Love, kindness (68%), Knowledge of the place (67%), and the interest for travel (37%) And there's only guy who cares about their Personal Finance, which is supposed to be their first thought (3) Where you want to have volunteer tourism trips? In regard to the place they want to choose when participating in volunteer tourism, 75% of respondents are very willing to go to the mountainous region Meanwhile, 44,5% of the answers stated that they prefer the countryside and 57% of them prefer the Orphanage, nursing center (4) How much are you willing to pay for a volunteer tourism trip? When being asked about how much they are willing to pay for a volunteer trip, the majority of the survey participants's answers is from to million VND (53,3%) Besides, less than million is a budget for a volunteer trip, according to 34,3% of respondents Meanwhile, the less considered paying capacity is from to 10 millions, or more, or free volunteer tourism (5) Who you want to have volunteer tourism trips with? 18
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