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NATIONAL ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY -*** - MACROECONOMICS ESSAY TOPIC: Research on the effect of the latest economic policies of the Government of Vietnam on the economic development of the country Student full name : Phung Thi Ngan Student ID : 11224604 Class : Market Management Instructor : Dinh Mai Huong HA NOI, JUNE 2023 INTRODUCTION 1.Reason for chosing the topic .1 2.Research goals and tasks 3.Research subjects and methods PART 1: NEED OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICIES Social context and times The Role of economic development policies in the economic development of the Country PART 2: THEORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1.Factors affecting the economic development of a country .6 1.1 Humnal capital 1.2 Natural resources 1.3 Physical capital 1.4 Technological Knowledge Policies that promote economic development 2.1 Domestic saving and investment 2.2 Investment from abroad 2.3 Education and training 10 2.4 Property and Ownership protection 11 2.5 Free trade 12 2.6 Population control .13 2.7 R&D activities 13 PART 3: RESEARCH ON NEW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICIES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF VIETNAM 14 1.Vietnam's policies to promote economic development in the new era 14 Achievements after using economic development policies in Vietnam 15 2.1 Macroeconomic situation 15 2.2 Restructuring the economy in association with renovating the growth model, improving productivity, efficiency and competitiveness 17 2.3 The situation of culture, society and people's life 17 Limitations in Vietnam's economic development policy .19 3.1 Regarding economic restructuring associated with growth model innovation 19 3.2 On implementing strategic breakthroughs .19 3.3 On social and environmental issues 20 Assess the effectiveness of the economic development policies of the Government of Vietnam .22 Some solutions to improve the effectiveness of economic policies in Vietnam 23 REFERENCES 25 INTRODUCTION 1.Reason for chosing the topic The average income in a rich country, such as the United States, Australia, or Germany, is about ten times the average income in a poor country, such as India, Nigeria, or Palau These large differences in income are reflected in the quality of life People in richer countries have better nutrition, better healthcare, longer life expectancy, more automobiles, and better services Even within a country, there are large changes in living standards over time In Vietnam, from an economy in 1986 with a GDP of about 13 billion USD with GDP/person of 235 USD/person, 2020 the country's GDP has risen to 340 billion USD and GDP/person is 3,520 USD/person, 15 times higher than the year it started Renovation work [ CITATION Vie21 \l 1066 ] Figure GDP of Vietnam through 35 years of renovation (Source: Infographics, graphic news- Vietnam News Agency) The difference in GDP of Vietnam over the years shows that people's living standards and incomes have been raised after 35 years of renovation The reason for such a positive change in GDP is due to the economic development policies of the Government of Vietnam During the 35 years of Doi Moi, the Party and State have constantly improved and promoted economic policies, while also overcoming existing limitations in the process of industrialization and modernization of the country Thus, it can be seen that studying the impact of new economic policies of the government is very important to ensure sustainable economic development This involves assessing the effects these new policies may have on the economy and identifying measures to address those challenges Governments often adopt policies aimed at improving the economy, but they not always bring the desired effect Policies that are not taken into account or are not properly applied can cause problems and adversely affect economic development Therefore, studying the impact of new government policies helps to identify shortcomings and solutions to improve them Research also helps the government to adjust or change policies to achieve the best economic efficiency New economic policies can also affect different sectors of the economy, such as creating new jobs, increasing production, reducing production costs or increasing people's income Therefore, studying the impact of new policies helps us better understand their impact on these areas and solve related issues to achieve the goal of sustainable economic development 2.Research goals and tasks The objective of the essay is to derive the practical basis of our country's economic development policies, and to point out the impacts on the current economy From there, it is possible to propose solutions to overcome the limitations and promote the positive aspects in the economic development of the country For that purpose, the main task of the essay is to: - General overview of the theoretical basis of economic development and economic development policies of the Government - Analyzing and assessing the actual impacts of the economy before and after applying the Government's economic development policies, giving the achievements and the areas that need to be overcome - Propose some solutions to improve the effectiveness of economic development policies of our country 3.Research subjects and methods To study the effects of the economic development policies of the Government of Vietnam, this essay is based on the specific research object of the economic development policies of the Party and our state Based on that object, we can draw profound lessons from the economic development of the country To carry out the topic, the basic research method that the thesis uses is the inductive method on the basis of statistics, synthesis, research and analysis of the policies of the Party and State to clarify the effects of this study impact on the country's economy The thesis also uses the scientific research works of domestic and foreign authors on the state and law as a reference In addition, the thesis also uses dialectical materialism, historical materialism, logical method and comparative method to clarify the contents of the thesis PART 1: NEED OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICIES Social context and times In recent years, especially in the period of 2010 - 2017, the labor shift by industry in our country is taking place in a reasonable and progressive direction: reducing the proportion Document continues below Discover more from: Macroeconomics Đại học Kinh tế Quốc… 543 documents Go to course Ơn tậpPremium mơn Kinh tế Vĩ mơ 11 trường đại học Kinh tế… Macroeconomics 100% (12) Premiumvi mo - de thi Trac nghiem 16 kinh te vi mo Macroeconomics 100% (11) Premiumvi mo chuong Trac nghiem Macroeconomics 100% (6) Premium Chuong 27 17 Macroeconomics 100% (6) Premium Macroeconomics Lecture Note Macroeconomics 100% (6) Premium Đề thi kinh tế vĩ mô FTU Macroeconomics of agricultural laborers (from 25.5% in 2010 to 20% in 2017); increase the proportion of workers in industry (from 21% to 25.7%) and services (from 29.5% to 34%) The restructuring of labor by industry has gradually been consistent with the restructuring of the sectoral economy and Figure 1.1: The contribution of agriculture to GDP in Vietnam (Source: Vietnamese Agriculture before and after Opening Economy) effectively exploiting resources for economic development The shift of labor from agriculture to industry and services has increased labor productivity: in the agriculture, forestry and fishery industry, with a 1% decrease in labor, productivity increases by 2.1%; industry - construction increased by 1% of labor, increasing labor productivity by 8.89%; Similarly, the service industry increases by 1% of employees, the labor productivity increases by 16.1%.[ CITATION Hội21 \l 1066 ] Along with the gray colors of the world about the Covid-19 pandemic, in Vietnam in 2020, the Covid-19 epidemic has 100% (6) also posed many new challenges but also deepened the linkage trends that have taken place over the years , and at the same time accelerate some new trends The complicated development of the covid 19 pandemic has negatively affected production and business activities of the business community, especially in the fields of transport, tourism and small businesses In particular, small businesses are a group with small scale and capital, focusing on the areas of essential consumption, so the greater the impact When the epidemic occurs, the costs incurred are large and the supply decreases, leading to a very strong impact on revenue, with a decrease of up to 70% in one month However, besides those difficulties and challenges, the world is entering a new stage of development with many growth drivers such as the industrial revolution 4.0, which improves productivity and production capacity The development of the sharing economy and the increasing trend of signing multilateral and bilateral trade agreements of economies have promoted economic growth through optimizing resources, promoting economic growth and promoting economic growth Circulation of capital and goods; increase capital investment in infrastructure and technology development This trend will greatly affect labor demand as the job structure and requirements for skills and qualifications will change rapidly Along with the above advantages and disadvantages, the fourth industrial revolution is having a strong and multi-dimensional impact on all countries and peoples; creating strong changes in the political, economic and social life of our country.[ CITATION Ngô22 \l 1066 ] The Role of economic development policies in the economic development of the Country During the period when our country faced many difficulties after unification, the Finance sector actively proposed and applied many innovations and creations in the phase of eliminating centralized, bureaucratic and subsidized mechanisms; successes in dealing with foreign debts, making great contributions to breaking the embargo, opening relations with international financial institutions During this period, the financial sector has performed well the role of "opening the circuit" blood" of the national economy, creating financial resources to promote strong development of domestic economic sectors and actively integrate into the international economy.[ CITATION Phớ21 \l 1066 ] Entering the doi moi period, a series of new and appropriate financial policies not only make an important contribution to bringing our country's economy out of the crisis, but also help mobilize, allocate and effectively use resources resources, encouraging business investment, ensuring equality among economic sectors, contributing to income regulation and social justice Since 1992, Vietnam has stopped issuing money to cover the state budget deficit, instead implementing domestic loans and foreign concessional loans to focus on infrastructure development investment socioeconomic floor In particular, the introduction of the State Budget Law in 1996 created a legal framework for the renewal and improvement of the efficiency of the management and use of the state budget As a result, the scale of state budget revenue increased continuously over the years, total state budget revenue in the period 1996-2000 was 2.3 times higher than in the previous years, averaging about 24.3% of GDP, meeting the basic requirements State budget expenditures are increasing.[ CITATION Phớ21 \l 1066 ] Thus, we can see that Economic Development Policy plays an important role in enhancing the economic development of a country It plays a very important role not only to promote economic growth, but also to solve social problems, protect
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