Untitled TRCTCJfNG Dfll HOC VO TRtfGfNO TOflN KHOA KHOA HOC CO BAN KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP CHUYEN NGANH VAN HOC NHAN VAT MANG TINH TlT THUAT • • • TRONG TAC PHAM CUA NAM CAO Giang vien hiro*ng dan HO THI[.]
TRCTCJfNG Dfll HOC VO TRtfGfNO TOflN KHOA KHOA HOC CO BAN KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP CHUYEN NGANH VAN HOC NHAN VAT MANG TINH TlT THUAT • • • TRONG TAC PHAM CUA NAM CAO Giang vien hiro*ng dan: Sinh vien thuc hien: HO THI XUAN QUYNH LE VAN BE TIT DfilHOCVOTRtTdNQTOfiH THUVIEN Hau Giang, thdng 06 nam 2012 Nhan vat mang tinh tu thudt tdcphdm cua Nam Cao LOI CAM TA De hoan khoa luan tot nghiep nay, chung toi da nhan dugc sir giup do, huong dan tan tinh va tao dieu kien tot nhat de chung toi sdm hoan luan van tu ThS Ho Thi Xuan Quynh Chung toi xin bay to long biet on chan thanh, sau sac toi co Trong qua trinh hgc tap chung toi cung nhan dugc sir chi bao tan tinh cua cac quy thay co viec giang day, dinh huong nghien cuu de tai, each tiep can, nghien cuu va each trinh bay khoa luan, Va chung toi nhan dugc ung ho, tao dieu kien thuan lgi cua Ban giam hieu, cac thay co khoa Khoa hoc co ban va cac thay co o cac phong ban khac cua truong Mot Ian nua chung toi xin gui toi quy thay co loi cam on chan Dong thoi chung toi xin cam on cac dong nghiep, ban be da ho trg, dgng vien va giup chung toi suot qua trinh hgc tap va nghien cuu Cuoi cung, toi xin gui loi biet on chan toi gia dinh, noi da sinh thanh, nuoi duong, dong vien va ung ho rat nhieu thoi gian qua Sinh vien thuc hien (Ky va ghi ro ho ten) Le Van Be Tu* GVHD: Ho Thi Xuan Quynh i SVTH: Le Van Be Tu Nhdn vat mang tinh tu thudt tdcphdm cua Nam Cao LOfI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan rang de tai la chinh toi thuc hien, cac s6 lieu thu thap va ket qua phan tich de tai la trung thuc, de tai khong trung voi bk cu dh tai nghien cuu khoa hgc nao Sinh vien thyc hien (Ky va ghi ro ho ten) Le Van Be Tu* GVHD: Ho Thi Xuan Quynh ii SVTH: Le Van Be Tir Nhdn vdt mang tinh tu thudt tdcphdm cua Nam Cao t>HIEU DANH GIA LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP (Giang vien hw&ng dan) GIANG VIEN HU'dNG DAN: SINH VIEN THlTC HIEN: MSSV: KHOA: TEN DE TAI: NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN HUCfNG DAN Danh gia chung qua trinh lam luan van tot nghiep: 1.1 Chuyen can: 1.2 Thai do: 1.3 Khac: Danh gia luan van: 2.1 Dat van de (theo buoc): 2.2 Noi dung chinh: GVHD: Ho Thi Xuan Quynh iii SVTH: Le Van Be Tu Nhdn vdt mang tinh tu thudt tdcphdm cua Nam Cao 2.3 Chu thich, thu muc: 2.4 Hinh thuc trinh bay: 2.4.1 Dung lugng (trang): 2.4.2 Khuonkho: 2.4.3 In an: 2.4.4 Trinh bay: 2.4.5 Chinh ta, ngu phap: Danh gia, xep loai: Danh gia: Xep loai: , thdng nam 20 Giang vien huong dan (Ki va ghi r5 hg ten) GVHD: Ho Thi Xuan Quynh IV SVTH: Le Van Be Tu Nhdn vdt mang tinh tu thudt tdc phdm cua Nam Cao MUC LUC LOflCAMTA i LOI CAM DOAN ii PHIEU DANH GIA LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP • modAu • hi ! 1 LI DO CHON DE TAl LICHSU'VANDE MUC DICH, YEU CAu 4 PHAM VI NGHIEN CUU PHUONG PTlAP NGHIEN CUU 5.1 Phuong phap phan tich - tong hgp 5.2 Phuong phap he thong 5.3 Phuong phap so sanh 5.4 Phuong phap nghien cuu tac gia 6 KET CAU N0I DUNG CHINH CUA KHOA LUAN CHUONG 1: MOT SO VAN DE CHUNG 1.1 TIEU SU' 1.2 SU'NGHIEP 10 1.2.1 Tnrcrc nam 1945 10 1.2.1.1, De tai ve ngiroi nong dan 11 1.2.1.2 De tai ve nguai tri thuc tieu tu sdn 16 1.2.2 Sau nam 1945 18 1.3 QUAN DIEM SANG TAC CHUONG 2: 19 NHAN VAT TRI THlTC TIEU TU SAN TRONG TAC PHAM CUA NAM CAO 23 2.1 NHAN VAT TRUNG TAM LA TRI THU'C TIEU TU' SAN 23 2.2 HOAN CANH CUA NHAN VAT TRI THUC TIEU TU' SAN 33 2.2.1 Hoan eanh xuat than 33 2.2.2 Hoan canh nghe nghiep 34 2.2.3 Hoan canh cuoc song 35 2.3 NHAN VAT TRI THUC TIEU TU' SAN LA NGU'CJI CO \S6C MO, KHAT VONG GVHD: Ho Thj Xuan Quynh 38 v SVTH: Le Van Be Tu Nhdn vdt mang tinh tu thudt tdcphdm cua Nam Cao 2.4 NHAN VAT TRf THUC TIEU TU' SAN LA NGU'CJl CO Y THUC CAO VE NGHE NGHIEP 42 CHUONG 3: CAC NHAN VAT TRI THUC TIEU TU SAN MANG TINH TU THUAT TRONG TAC PHAM CUA NAM CAO 45 3.1 THE NAG LA NHAN VAT MANG TINH TU' THUAT 45 3.2 CAC NHAN VAT TRI THUC TIEU TU' SAN MANG DANG DAP CUA NAM CAO 45 3.2.1 Ngoai hinh , 3.2.2 Hanh dong, cir chi, dieu bo 46 51 3.3 NAM CAO TU" THE HIEN MJNH TRONG CAC NHAN VAT MANG TINH TU'THUAT 53 3.3.1 Giau tinh cam 53 3.3.1.1 Hieu thdo 53 3.3.1.2 Thuang va 54 3.3.1.3 Quy ban be 57 3.3.1.4 Trongphu nit, yeu tre em 59 3.3.2 Yeu nghe 61 3.3.2.1 Sieng ndng, chdm chi 61 3.3.2.2 Co y thuc trdch nhiem 62 3.4 CAC NHAN VAT TU' THUAT TRONG NHU*NG SANG TAC CUA NAM CAO LUON SONG TRONG NOI TRAN TRCJ 65 3.4.1 Tran no giua thien va ac 67 3.4.2 Tran tro giua hien thuc va li tuong 70 3.4.3 Tran tro giua tinh thuong va sang tao nghe thuat 72 KET LUAN 75 i TAI LIEU THAM KHAO GVHD: Ho Thi Xuan Quynh vi SVTH: Le Van Be Tu Nhdn vdt mang tinh tu thudt tdc phdm cua Nam Cao MdDAU l.LIDOCHONDETAI Luc hgc chuong trinh Trung hgc Pho thong, toi chi dugc tim hieu mot so tac pham truyen ngan cua Nam Cao: Lao Hgc, Dai thua, Chi Pheo, Doi mdt va Mot dam cudi Mac du, tac pham cua ong dugc in sach giao khoa khong nhieu nhung qua nhung tiet giang bai cua thay co thi nhung nhan vat tac pham cua ong da de lai toi mot an tugng sau sac, kho phai Do la hinh anh ngudi nong dan bj tha hoa ve nhan hinh Ian nhan tinh Cuoi cung, hg cung tim lai dugc cai luong thien von co cua minh Hay la hinh anh nguoi tri thuc tieu tu san ngheo bj mieng com, manh ao hang niu chat uoc mo cua hg: "Mot tdc phdm that gia tri, phdi vuat len ben tren tdt cd cdc ba coi va giai han, phdi la mot tdcphdm chung cho cd loai ngudi No phdi chua dung duac mot cdi gi Ian lao, manh me, viva dau dan, Igi viraphan khai No ca tung long thuang, tinh bdc di, su cong binh No lam cho nguai gdn nguai han " [21, tr.348] Day la y nghT cua van si Ho (Dai thua), toi dgc di dgc lai nhieu Ian thi moi hieu hon ban chat cua mot nguoi that sir dam me nghe thuat, xa than vi nghe thuat Nhung cuoi cung, ho vi cuoc song ngheo kho, be tac ma khong the thuc hien li tuong cao dep cua minh Tuy toi dgc nhung tac pham nhieu Ian nhung toi khong cam thay cu ma ngugc lai, no khoi ggi nhieu dieu hay, moi la Moi Ian dgc nhung sang tac cua nha van, toi nhu bj xe long minh boi nhung chat vj chua cay, dau xot ve nhung than phan nguoi dau kho, be tac, bat lire den tan cung cua cuoc song nhu Chi Pheo, Lao Hac, dac biet la cac nhan vat mang voc dang, tinh each cua Nam Cao nhu Thu, Dien, Ho, Moi Ian., i6\ dgc nhung tac pham ve nguoi tri thuc tieu tu san ngheo thi suy nghT khong !uc nao ma khong ban khoan: cac nhan vat trung tarn tri thuc tieu tu san nhu Thu, He, Dien va Do, Hg co mang dang voc, hinh anh cua nha van hay khong? Neu co thi each ma nha van da tu thuat lai ban than minh nhu thi nao? Hoa than minh nhung nhan vat sao? Dieu lai cang thuc giuc toi suy nghT va dan nhieu hon Va toi mong muon mot dip nao se tim loi giai dap thoa dang cho nhung van de ay Nhung khia canh nghe thuat nhung tac pham cua Nam Cao da dugc gioi nghien cuu, sinh vien tim hieu kha sau sac, toan dien Ngugc lai, van de nhan vat mang tinh tu thuat nhung sang tac Nam Cao, cu the la van de doi s6ng noi tarn, tinh each, dien mao, doi song tinh than, hanh dong, cu chi, dieu bo cua cac nhan vat mang tinh tu thuat cua nha van thi trudc chua tim hieu, quan tarn den Vi the, chung toi nhan thuc dugc nhieu van de, khia canh co the tiep can, GVHD: Ho Thi Xuan Quynh SVTH: Le Van Be Tu Nhdn vdt mang tinh tu thudt tdcphdm cua Nam Cao kham pha nhung dieu moi nhung tac pham cua ong Vi vay, a cong trinh nghien cuu nay, chung toi tap trung di sau vao nghien cuu Nhdn vdt mang tinh tu thudt tdc phdm cua Nam Cao Tren tinh than ke thua nhirng cong trinh nghien cuu, tieu luan, nhung bai danh gia, nhan xet cua nhirng nha nghien cuu, li luan - phe binh truoc Mat khac, toi chgn de tai de nghien cuu vi de tai phu hop voi dieu kien va kha nang hieu biet cua ban than Va day cung la co hoi di toi co the tim hieu kT hon ve nhan vat mang tinh tu thuat sang tac cua nha van hien thuc phe phan xuat sac va day cung la djp toi trau doi, cung c6 hon ve kiln thuc, tien cho viec nghien cuu chuyen sau sau LjCH SU VAN DE Nam Cao la mot nhirng nha van tieu trao luu van hgc hien thuc phe phan, giai doan nam 1930 - 1945 Truoc truoc tarn pham Chi Pheo, Nam Cao da sang tac nhieu truyen ngan lang man, tho nhung din tac pham Chi Pheo doi thi ong moi hinh phong each rieng va khang djnh dugc ten tu6i, dau an cua minh gioi doc gia Ban dau, Ong dat ten tac pham la Cdi Id ggch cu Nhung khi, ong gui ban thao den nha xuat ban Thoi dai thi tac pham cua ong bj nha bien tap de quen Mai den 1941, Le Van Truong viet loi tua va doi ten truyen ngan Doi lua xung doi Ong da nhan djnh rang: "Giua luc nguai ta dang ddm minh nhung chuyen tinh ma mong va hiia "phung su" cdi thi hieu tarn thuang cua doc gia ong Nam Cao da manh bgo di theo mot loi rieng, nghia la ong da khong them dim sia den cdi sd thick cua doc gia " [15, tr.299] Sau nay, tac pham Doi lira xung doi dugc in tap Ludng cay (1946) va doi ten Chi Pheo Vi thi ma mai den thap nien 50 cua the ki XX, Nam Cao moi dugc gioi doc gia, nghien cuu, phe binh chu y sau sac va rong rai hon Nam 1952, tac pham cua Nam Cao da tro d6i tugng nghien cuu cua van hoc Tac gia Nguyen Dinh Thi la nguoi dau tien vilt vl Nam Cao voi chuyen luan Nam Cao (1952) Nha van To Hoai voi cac bai Chung ta mdt Nam Cao (1954), Ngudi va tdc phdm Nam Cao (1956) Sau do, cong trinh nghien cuu Ion dau tien ve nhung tac pham, cuoc doi cua Nam Cao la Giao su Ha Minh Due Ong da bo nhieu cong sue, tarn huylt dh cho doi cong trinh: Nam Cao, nha van hien thuc xuat she dugc xuat ban nam 1961 Co le, nhung cong trinh ay da khoi nguon, khai thong cho nhilu cuoc tranh luan, trao doi ve nhung tac pham cua Nam Cao Va dung la nhu thi, nhirng cong trinh tren dugc xuat ban thi co hang loat nhirng chuyen luan nghien cuu vl Nam Cao dugc cong bo, chua kl nhirng bai bao va cac bai viet phe binh le te khac Theo GVHD: Ho Thi Xuan Quynh SVTH: Le Van Be Tu Nhdn vdt mang tinh tu thudt tdcphdm cua Nam Cao thong ke cua cac nha nghien cuu thi da co den hon 200 ten cac bai bao, cac cong trinh viet ve Nam Cao Cac cong trinh moi nghien cuu ve Nam Cao Ian lugt xuat hien, noi bat la quyen Nam Cao, dai van va tdc phdm cua Giao su Ha Minh Due (1997), cong trinh Nam Cao, phdc thdo su nghiep va chan dung cua Giao su Phong Le (1997) va cac cong trinh cua Nguyen Dang Manh {Nha van tu twang va phong each), Vuong Tri Nhan (Nhung hien hoa cua chat nghich di truyen ngan Nam Cao trudc 1945), Chu Van Son da cho chuyen luan Nghe thudt van xudi cua truyen lao Hgc va sau nay, nhieu tac gia khac da nghien cuu ve nhirng sang tac cua ong Qua hon nua the ki, viec nghien cuu ve tac gia Nam Cao da dat dugc nhieu tuu moi Cac nha nghien cuu, phe binh hien dgc lai Nam Cao da khong dung lai d nhirng ket luan san co ma luon co gang khoi sau vao nhung van de moi me nhung sang tac cua Nam Cao Van tren co sd khang djnh ngudi va tai nang cua Nam Cao nhung tat ca da dugc nang len d nhirng van de mdi, vdi nhirng phat hien sau hon, tam dac hon nhu nghe thuat sang tao, gia trj hien thuc va gia trj nhan dao cua nha van the hien nhung bai viet hoac y kien phat bieu tai cac hoi thao ve Nam Cao cua cac nha nghien cuu nhu: Ha Minh Due, Phong Le, Nguyen Dang Manh, Rieng doi vdi mang van de nhan vat mang tinh tu thuat tac pham cua Nam Cao thi chua dugc de cap den Tuy cac nha nghien cuu chi noi den hinh thuc tu truyen irong nhirng sang tac ve de tai ngudi tri thuc tieu tu san ngheo nhung tat ca d dang chung chung va so luge Trong cong trinh Nam Cao, dai van va tdc phdm (1997), Giao su Ha Minh Due da khang djnh khai quat ve hinh thuc tu truyen sang tac cua Nam Cao: "Tren ca sd khai thdc va xdy dung tdc phdm cd tinh tu truyen, Nam Cao da biet chon loc nhung net dien hinh va nang len muc khai quat cd gid tri xa hoi sau sac " [5, tr.90] Cung nam 1997, Giao su Phong Le cho ddi cong trinh Nam Cao, phdc thdo su nghiep va chan dung Giao su da phat hien tu each xuat hien cua Nam Cao sang tac ong: "Cd nguai viet tu truyen nhu tieu thuyit Cd ngudi viet tieu thuyit nhu tu truyen Nam Cao thuoc dang thu hai Doc Igi hdu hit sang tdc cua Nam Cao, thay hinh dnh cua nha van gdn nhu cd mat a khdp moi nai Luc a vi tri nhu Thu, Diin, Ho, Nggn, Du Luc a vi tri mot nhdn vdt phu, di quan sat, nhin ngdm, cam thong, chia se vdi canh ngo nhung ngudi lao dong, tren hai dia ban, hai mdi truang hogt dong chinh la cdi lang Vu Dgi - que ong hodc a mot vung ngogi d pho, nai cd cdi truang tu ong day thue" [11, tr.13] Hay bai chuyen luan Nam Cao cua Giao su Ha Minh Due, dugc in lai tac pham Nam Cao, nha van hien thuc xuat sac cua tac gia Phuong Ngan (2000), ong da nhan djnh tinh doc dao ve hinh thuc tu truyen cua GVHD: Ho fhfXuan Quynh SVTH: Le Van Be Tu