BÀI GIẢNG MÔN VIẾT TIẾNG ANH 4 EN33_THI TỰ LUẬN Ghi chú Có bản dịch tiếng việt ở cuối tài liệu Tài liệu này dùng để đi thi. UNIT6: ADVERTISING WRITING GRAMMÀR FOCUS Gerunds and Inflnitives GERUNDS • The gerund is used like a noun Smoking is bad for you Do you like watching T.V? She is good at swimming? • It is formed by adding “ING” to the infinitive Go going Stay staying • The negative is formed by adding NOT: Would you mind not smoking? Notes: • The changes that are sometimes necessary: Lie lying (ie y) Take Taking (Single e is omitted) Sit sitting (Single vowel + single consonant single vowel + double consonant) • Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or a noun, including the following: Like love finish start dislike Hate stop enjoy prefer miss Give up begin
BÀI GIẢNG MÔN VIẾT TIẾNG ANH EN33_THI TỰ LUẬN Ghi Có dịch tiếng việt cuối tài liệu Tài liệu dùng để thi UNIT6: ADVERTISING WRITING GRAMMÀR FOCUS Gerunds and Inflnitives GERUNDS • The gerund is used like a noun Smoking is bad for you Do you like watching T.V? She is good at swimming? • It is formed by adding “ING” to the infinitive Go going Stay staying • The negative is formed by adding NOT: Would you mind not smoking? Notes: • The changes that are sometimes necessary: Lie lying (ie y) Take Taking (Single e is omitted) Sit sitting (Single vowel + single consonant single vowel + double consonant) • Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or a noun, including the following: Like love finish start dislike Hate Give up stop begin enjoy prefer miss • When verb follows a preposition, it takes the gerund: I thought about leaving early I was worried about getting home I am tired of hearing more about your offer • A gerund behaves like a noun Where a gerund can be used, a noun can also be used I am looking forward to going on holiday I am looking forward to my holiday • Gerund can be used as a subject or an object of a sentence Smoking makes me feel sick Living in a foreign country can be very difficult I love going out in my free time INFINITIVES • Depending on the construction, infinitives are used with or without “to” It's time to go Let him it himself • Certain verbs take the infinitive I want to stay here We decided to wait for the bus Notes for negative: We decided not to wait for the bus • To-infinitive is used to express purpose I came here to see you I went to London to study English I drove to the airport to meet my parents • In order to + infinitive and so as to + infinitive are also used to express purpose; In order to + infinitive can be more formal than to + infinitive In order to qualify for the reward, you should be under twenty five • In order to + infinitive and so as to + infinitive are more common than toinfinitive before verbs like be, have and know I got up early so as to be ready for John's phone call • To express a negative purpose, in order not to + infinitive and so as not to + infinitive are more common than not to + infinitive He opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the baby Exercise 6.6 Complete the article with the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs in brackets A (1.Advertise) dates back to early history and initially consisted simply of people (2 Communicate) messages orally about where certain items could be found It was the invention of (3 print) that really launched written messages as a vehicle for (4 Promote) the sale of products In London, the first print ads (5 Appear) were posted on the doors of churches, (6 Announce) that prayer books were available from a local printer Newspapers accelerated the growth of advertising, and with more and more people able (7 Read) business began (8 Take out) _ adverts to sell imported goods like tea and coffee However, it was in the USA that advertising really became an industry in itself B (achieve) results is all my boss cares about 2.It's important (present) _ a professional image of the company and its brands I look forward to (work) with you on the new campaign I've persuaded two celebrities (attend) the launch I am realizing that (target) the right people isn't going to be easy zu_ _ s c s Writing an Essay An essay is a piece of writing several paragraphs long instead of just one or two paragraphs It is written about one topic, just as a paragraph is However, the topic of an essay is too long and too complicated to discuss in one paragraph Therefore, you must divide the topic into several paragraphs, one for each major point Then you must tie all of the separate paragraphs together by adding an introduction and a conclusion Writing an essay is no more difficult than writing a paragraph except that an essay is longer The principles of organization are the same for both, so if you can write a good paragraph, you can write a good essay An essay has three main parts: An introductory paragraph A body ( at least one, but usually two or more paragraphs) A concluding paragraph The introductory paragraph consists of two parts: a few general statements about the subject to attract your reader's attention and the thesis statement to state the specific subdivisions of your topic and/or the “plan” of your paper A thesis statement for an essay is just like a topic sentence of a paragraph It names the specific topic and the controlling ideas or major subdivisions of the topic The body consists of one or more paragraphs Each paragraph develops a subdivision of your topic, so the number of paragraphs is the body will vary with the number of subdivisions The paragraphs of the body are like the main supporting points of a paragraph Furthermore, just as you can organize the ideas in a paragraph by chronological order or by order of the importance you can organize the paragraphs in an essay in the same ways The conclusion in an essay, like the concluding sentence in a paragraph is a summary or review of the main points discussed in the body The only additional element in an essay is the linking expressions between the paragraphs of the body These are just like transitions within a paragraph You use transitions between paragraphs to connect ideas between them You can see that writing an essay is essentially the same as writing a paragraph, an essay is just longer The chart below shows you how the parts of a paragraph correspond to the parts of an essay AN ESSAY I INTRODUCTION General Statements a Support b Support c Support A PARAGRAPH Topic Sentence Thesis Statement A Topic Sentence Support Support Support Support Support Support (Concluding Sentence) C Topic Sentence Support Support Support (Concluding Sentence) CONCLUSION Restatement or summary of the main points, final comment Notes: The body is the longest part of the essay and can contain as many paragraphs as necessary to support the controlling ideas of your thesis statement Exercise 6.7 A Read the following introductory paragraphs, each of which is in scrambled order Reorder them to make a good introductory paragraph Begin with the most general statement Then add each sentence in the correct order until the introduction becomes more specific Write the thesis statement last (1) The heavy traffic problem can be solved by building rapid transit system from the suburbs to the cities, by improving public transportation systems within the cities, and by forming car pools (2) Traffic congestion is caused by the thousands of cars that come into the cities from suburban areas as well as from the thousands of cars within the city limits (3) One of the most serious problem facing most big cities is traffic congestion (4) This mammoth problem must be resolved before it gets worse B Complete the following thesis statements by adding topics to them The life expectancy of the average person is increasing because of A teacher must have the following qualities Television commercials are insulting to the average viewer because The basic causes of inflation is Technology is changing our lives in three important areas C Write a concluding paragraph for the following introduction Television is the most popular form of entertainment in many households People of all ages use this medium to entertain themselves for an average of four hours a day Thus, television has had a tremendous influence on its viewers, especially children Scientists now say that children can be adversely affected by constantly watching television This is due to the fact that they participate less in physical activities, spend less time reading and studying and see a world of violence that can affect their own feelings of security UNIT ASSIGNMENT In this assignment, you are going to write a four-paragraph essay to express your opinions on the statement: “Is advertising really useful for us?” Be sure to give your opinions with at least two reasons for each A BRAINSTORM Think of your answers to the question “Is advertising really useful for us?” Then write a list of reasons and examples for your answers or opinion in your notebook B PLAN Follow these steps to plan your essay writing Read your list from activity A Circle the best reasons and examples Write an outline for your essay Introductory paragraph: - Write general statements about advertising - Write a thesis statement to state your opinion Body paragraph 1: Explain one of the reasons for your opinion with specific examples Body paragraph 2: Explain a second reason for your opinion with specific examples Concluding paragraph - Write a concluding sentence that restates your opinion - Summarize the reasons for your opinions C WRITE Use the outline from Activity B Remember to state your opinion in your introductory paragraph and include two body paragraphs D PEER REVIEW Read a partner's essay Answer the questions and discuss them with your partner Is there a clear idea on if advertising is really useful for us or not in the introductory paragraph? Underline it Are there two body paragraphs with reasons? Are there two specific examples for each reason? Does the concluding paragraph restate the opinion? Underline it? E REWRITE Review the answer to the questions in Activity A You may want to revise and rewrite your essay F EDIT Complete the self-assessment checklist before you write the fine essay Self-assessment Does the essay include an introductory paragraph, two body paragraphs and a concluding paragraph? Does the paragraphs contain examples to support your reason? Are punctuations, spellings, subject-verb agreement correct? UNIT 7: EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY WRITING 2_2-_j - 2211 ' '2 Shift between time frames A written passage or essay begins with a specific time frame A specific time frame may arrange from the past, present to the future or it may follow the order such as present, past, future Sometimes writers use one time frame for the entire passage and essay, but often they shift or change time frames to bring life to their writing Writers shift time frame according to the events, examples or explanation they mention in the passage and essay Writers usually use the present perfect simple, or to attract the attention of the readers I have always been an active person Writers use the simple present to give certain facts or information I love to swim and play sports The simple present is also used to deliver the moral lesson of the story or tell the readers what the writer learn from the experience Even though I like adventure almost as much as Carl does, I have to admit that I learn many things from his misfortune Writers use the simple past to begin a story or set the scene or to give the events of the story I used to take risks when I was having fun outdoors - until my good friend Carl had a little accident Writers use the past perfect to describe things that happened before the events in the story Use had + past participle to form the past perfect She had loved him before I proposed to her Sometimes writers use one time frame for the entire passage and essay, but often they shift or change time frames to bring life to their writing or in other words to make their stories more vivid and lively Last Sunday I went camping with my friends It was a nice day The sun was shining brightly The birds were singing happily Everyone was smiling cheerfully to greet one another as if they had had a good time