(Luận văn thạc sĩ) grammatical cohesionin “ the wind in the willow” by kenneth grahame and their equivalents in google translate’svietnamese translations

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY LÊ THỊ NGỌC THẢO GRAMMATICAL COHESION IN “THE WIND IN THE WILLOWS” BY KENNETH GRAHAME AND THEIR h EQUIVALENTS IN GOOGLE TRANSLATE’S VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS FIELD: English Linguistics CODE: 8.22.02.01 Supervisor: LÊ NHÂN THÀNH, Ph.D BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN LÊ THỊ NGỌC THẢO LIÊN KẾT NGỮ PHÁP TRONG “GIÓ QUA RẶNG LIỄU” CỦA KENNETH GRAHAME VÀ TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG VIỆT CỦA GOOGLE h TRANSLATE Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số: 8.22.02.01 Người hướng dẫn: TS LÊ NHÂN THÀNH i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I confirm that the thesis “Grammatical cohesion in “The Wind in the Willow” by Kenneth Grahame and their equivalents in Google Translate’s Vietnamese Translations” is my work except where reference is made in the text of the thesis No other person’s work has been used without acknowledgement in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma Binh Dinh, 2021 h Lê Thị Ngọc Thảo ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was completed with the support of many people First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Dr Le Nhan Thanh, my supervisor, for his patience, guidance and professional advice during the process of completing this thesis Without his expertise and encouragement, I would not have been able to finish this study I gratefully acknowledge my indebtedness to all my lecturers who have taken part in my MA course at Quy Nhon University and provided me with useful and interesting knowledge and experience as well as their inspiration which helped me conduct my research Last but not least, I feel deeply indebted to my family members for their support and motivation whenever I needed to finish the thesis h iii ABSTRACT The study aims to examine the quality of Google Translate’s Vietnamese translations of the grammatical cohesive devices in “The Wind in the Willow” by Kenneth Grahame in terms of translation errors To fulfil this aim, 10934 reference ties and 770 conjunction ties found in 2306 English sentences containing the references and conjunctions in “The Wind in the Willow” and their equivalents in GT’s Vietnamese translations were examined to classify the translation errors in the Vietnamese translations in terms of grammatical cohesion using Costa et al.’s (2015) model The research employs both quantitative and qualitative content analysis in this study to collect data and analyze it to answer the research questions The results of the study show that GT cannot achieve accuracy in translating the h references with contextual meaning and GT shows better quality in translating the conjunctions than the references iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii ABBREVIATIONS vii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES xi CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aim and Objectives 1.2.1 Aim 1.2.2 Objectives h 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Scope of the Study 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Organization of the Study CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The Theory of Cohesion 2.1.1 Definition of cohesion 2.1.2 Grammatical cohesion 2.1.3 Previous studies 29 2.2 Errors in translation 33 2.2.1 Definition of translation errors 33 2.2.2 Classification of translation errors 33 2.2.3 Conceptual Framework 36 2.3 Google Translate 42 v 2.3.1 Machine translation 43 2.3.2 Overview of Google Translate 44 2.3.3 Previous studies on Google Translate 47 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 51 3.1 Research Methods 51 3.2 Data Collection 56 3.3 Data Analysis 60 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 64 4.1 References and Conjunctions in “The Wind in the Willows” and their Equivalents in GT’s Vietnamese Translations 64 4.1.1 Types of references 64 4.1.2 Types of conjunctions 71 4.2 Types of Translation Errors 78 h 4.2.1 Semantic errors 79 4.2.2 Lexis errors 82 4.2.3 Orthographic errors 84 4.2.4 Grammar errors 85 4.2.5 Discourse errors 85 4.2.6 No translation errors 86 4.3 The Quality of Google Translate’s Vietnamese translations of English Grammatical Cohesive Devices 87 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 90 5.1 Summary of the main Findings 90 5.2 Limitation of the Study 93 5.3 Implication of the Study 93 5.3.1 Implication for teachers and students of translation 93 5.3.2 Implication for translators 94 vi 5.4 Suggestions for Future Research 94 REFERENCES 95 APPENDICES h vii ABBREVIATIONS (a) Abbreviation Abbreviation Definition Conjunction: additive C.av Conjunction: adversative C.ca Conjunction: causal C.te Conjunction: temporal DE Discourse errors DER Discourse errors of references GE Grammar errors GEC Grammar errors of conjunctions GER Grammar errors of references GT Google Translate LE Lexis errors LEC Lexis errors of conjunctions LER Lexis errors of references MT Machine translation NMT Neural machine translation OE Orthographic errors OEC Orthographic error of conjunctions OER Orthographic error of references R.co Reference: comparative R.de Reference: demonstrative R.pe Reference: personal SE Semantic errors SEC Semantic errors of conjunctions h C.ad viii SER Semantic errors of references SMT Statistical machine translation (b) Conventions In the text: ITALICS are used for emphasis, examples or technical terms; BOLD words are used to mark the first use of technical terms In numbered examples: BOLD and UNDERLINED words in examples are the features under discussion h