(Luận văn thạc sĩ) an attitudinal study on american and vietnamese governments reponse to the covid 19 pandemic in news reports

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY BÙI THỊ TÙNG THI AN ATTITUDINAL STUDY ON THE AMERICAN AND VIETNAMESE GOVERNMENTS’ RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN NEWS REPORTS h Field: English Linguistics Code: 8220201 Supervisor: Võ Duy Đức, Ph.D BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN BÙI THỊ TÙNG THI PHÂN TÍCH NGUỒN NGỮ LIỆU THÁI ĐỘ TRONG CÁC BÀI BÁO THỂ HIỆN PHẢN ỨNG CỦA HAI CHÍNH PHỦ MỸ VÀ VIỆT NAM ĐỐI VỚI ĐẠI DỊCH COVID-19 h Chuyên ngành Mã số : Ngôn ngữ Anh : 8220201 Người hướng dẫn: TS VÕ DUY ĐỨC i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that the thesis An Attitudinal study on the American and Vietnamese governments' response to the COVID-19 pandemic in news reports is my work No other person's work has been used without acknowledgement in the paper This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any university Binh Dinh, 2021 h Bùi Thị Tùng Thi ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Mr Vo Duy Duc, PhD for his experienced guidance and valuable comments on my work I am also indebted to him for his helpful and timely response to my questions I would also like to express my thank to the lecturers who have given me exciting knowledge and a great source of inspiration I am also grateful to Quy Nhon University, Post-graduate Department, and Foreign Languages Department for the administrative assistance Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my family and colleagues for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout the course and the study of this thesis h iii ABSTRACT The study applied Appraisal Theory developed by Martin and White (2005) as a framework for the investigation into the American and Vietnamese governments' response to the COVID-19 pandemic in news reports The data comprises 40 news reports (20 in each language) downloaded from the New York Times and the Tuoi Tre The study sought to investigate the similarities and differences between the two languages regarding Attitudinal resources, namely Affect, Judgment, and Appreciation The findings showed that the deployment of the Attitudinal resources in the English and Vietnamese data shared certain similarities, such as the occurrence of all types of Attitudinal values and the more common use of Non-authorial and Explicit resources than Authorial and Implicit ones h However, despite the similarities between the two languages, a number of subtle differences were also observed With regard to the differences in Positive and Negative Appreciation and In/Security Affect in the two languages, the writers indicated a radically dissimilar attitude to the pandemic of the American and Vietnamese governments Hopefully, the study offers language learners and teachers useful knowledge of Appraisal and the features of the evaluative language employed in English and Vietnamese news reports iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii CONVENTIONS viii Chapter INTRODUCTION 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.2.1 Aims h 1.2.2 Objectives 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY …………………………………… Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1.1 Appraisal Theory 2.1.2 Attitude 2.1.3 Engagement 16 2.1.4 Graduation 18 2.2 RELATED STUDIES 19 Chapter RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES 23 3.1 RESEARCH METHODS 23 3.2 DATA COLLECTION 23 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS 24 3.4 RESEARCH PROCEDURES 24 v 3.5 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY 24 3.6 SUMMARY 25 Chapter FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 26 4.1 GENERAL FEATURES OF ATTITUDE IN THE NEWS REPORTS 26 4.2 AFFECT 27 4.2.1 Dis/inclination 28 4.2.2 Dis/Satisfaction 30 4.2.3 In/Security 31 4.2.4 Un/Happiness 32 4.2.5 Authorial and Non-authorial Affect 33 4.3 JUDGEMENT 38 4.3.1 Subtypes of Judgement 38 4.3.2 Explicit and Implicit Judgement 44 4.3.3 Positive and Negative Judgement 47 4.4 APPRECIATION 50 h 4.4.1 Subtypes of Appreciation 50 4.4.2 Positive and Negative Appreciation 56 4.5 SUMMARY 60 Chapter CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 61 5.1 CONCLUSIONS 61 5.2 IMPLICATIONS 64 5.3 LIMITATIONS 64 5.4 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 65 REFERENCES 66 APPENDIX vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Grammatical realizations of Affect 10 Table 2.2 Subtypes of Affect 11 Table 2.3 The system of Judgment 13 Table 2.4 Categories of Appreciation 15 Table 2.5 Subtypes of Appreciation 16 Table 2.6 Monogloss and Heterogloss 17 Table 4.1 Frequency of Attitude resources in ENRs and VNRs 26 Table 4.2 Distribution of Affect resources in ENRs and VNRs 28 Table 4.3 Authorial and Non-authorial Affect resources in ENRs and VNRs 33 Table 4.4 Positive and Negative Affect resources in ENRs and VNRs .36 Table 4.5 Distribution of Judgement resources in ENRs and VNRs 39 h Table 4.6 Explicit and Implicit Judgement resources in ENRs and VNRs 44 Table 4.7 Positive and Negative Judgement resources in ENRs and VNRs 47 Table 4.8 Attribution of Appreciation resources in ENRs and VNRs 50 Table 4.9 Positive and Negative Appreciation resources in ENRs and VNRs 56 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 The language stratification and meta-functions Figure 2.2 Appraisal System .8 Figure 2.3 Sub-systems of Attitude Figure 4.1 Sub-types of Affect resources in ENRs and VNRs .28 Figure 4.2 Authorial and Non-authorial Affect resources in ENRs and VNRs 34 Figure 4.3 Positive and Negative Affect resources in ENRs and VNRs 36 Figure 4.4 Social Esteem and Social Sanction resources in ENRs and VNRs 38 Figure 4.5 Explicit and Implicit Judgement resources in ENRs and VNRs 45 Figure 4.6 Positive and Negative Judgement resources in ENRs and VNRs 48 Figure 4.7 Attribution of Appreciation resources in ENRs and VNRs 51 Figure 4.8 Positive and Negative Appreciation resources in ENRs and VNRs 57 h viii CONVENTIONS Italics are used for quotes, technical terms, emphasis, and examples Bold is deployed to mark the first use of technical terms In the numbered examples: Bold marks the use of what is being demonstrated ENR (1-20): English data numbered from to 20 VNR (1-20): Vietnamese data numbered from to 20 h