(Luận văn thạc sĩ) a contrastive study of conceptual metaphors in english and vietnamese newspapers on social violence

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY NGUYỄN THỊ THANH XUÂN A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE NEWSPAPERS h ON SOCIAL VIOLENCE FIELD: English Linguistics CODE: 8220201 Supervisor: HÀ THANH HẢI, Ph.D BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN NGUYỄN THỊ THANH XUÂN NGHIÊN CỨU SO SÁNH ĐỐI CHIẾU PHÉP ẨN DỤ Ý NIỆM TRONG CÁC BÀI BÁO TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT VỀ BẠO LỰC XÃ HỘI h Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số: 8.22.02.01 Người hướng dẫn: TS Hà Thanh Hải i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby confirm that the thesis entitled A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE NEWSPAPERS ON SOCIAL VIOLENCE is submitted to complete fulfillment for my degree of master of English Linguistics at Quy Nhon University and has not been submitted elsewhere in any other form for the fulfillment of any other degree or qualification This thesis does not contain any materials which have been written by another person except where referenced within the text September 2020 h Nguyễn Thị Thanh Xuân ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my appreciation to several people for helping me through my master thesis First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Hà Thanh Hải, for his continuous support and advice as well as his excellent guidance to help me complete this thesis I would also like to take this opportunity to thank all the lecturers of my master’s course for their valuable lectures that help me cultivate and gain a deep knowledge of linguistics and research skills In addition, I would like to thank my friends for their concern, love, and moral support Special thanks from the bottom of my heart go out to my dear husband h who stayed beside me through all the stages of my study in the postgraduate program and encouraged me to finish this thesis Last but not least, some special words of gratitude go to my parents who took care of my sons so that I could spend more time concentrating on my thesis I could not have finished this thesis without their continued supports and encouragement that gave me strength and confidence to fulfill my dream September 2020 Nguyễn Thị Thanh Xuân iii ABSTRACT Conceptual metaphor, which is a cognitive device, reflects the way people conceptualize the surrounding world The capture of conceptual metaphors plays a vital role in facilitating journalists to convey their information to readers vividly and effectively This is what prompted the present study Based on the cognitive perspective of Lakoff and John (1980, 2003), 176 samples from four English newspapers and four Vietnamese ones were intentionally collected to indicate how conceptual metaphors were employed as well as compare the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese conceptual metaphors This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cognitive linguistics in general and analyze English and Vietnamese conceptual metaphors collected from online newspapers regarding social violence between a three-year period from the h beginning of 2018 to August 2020 in particular The result reveals that English and Vietnamese share many conceptual metaphors in common while various features of the two cultures still come into existence All three types of conceptual metaphors comprising structural, ontological, and orientational metaphors are found in the collected data with the different frequency of occurrences and percentage The finding also indicate that the English media writers tend to use more conceptual metaphors than the Vietnamese ones Despite the limitations of a small-scale study and time shortage, the researcher does hope that the findings would shed more light on the whole picture of conceptual metaphors Keywords: Cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors, source domain, target domain, structural metaphors, orientational metaphors, ontological metaphors, online newspapers, social violence iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii CHAPER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale h 1.2 Aim and Objectives 1.2.1 Aims of the Study 1.2.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Significance of the study 1.6 Organization of the study 1.7 Summary CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction to cognitive semantics v 2.1.1 Conceptual metaphor theory 11 2.1.2 Classification of conceptual metaphors 22 2.2 Previous studies on conceptual metaphors 26 2.3 The online newspapers on social violence 30 2.3.1 Definition of violence and social violence 30 2.3.2 Online newspapers 31 2.4 Summary 32 CHAPTER 3: 33 METHODS AND PROCEDURES 33 3.1 Research designs 33 3.2 Research methods 33 h 3.3 Research procedures 34 3.4 Data collection and data analysis 34 3.4.1 Data collection 34 3.4.2 Data analysis 36 3.5 Validity and reliability 37 3.6 Summary 38 CHAPTER 4: 39 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 39 4.1 Metaphor in English newspapers on social violence 39 4.1.1 Structural metaphors 39 4.1.2 Orientational metaphors 43 vi 4.1.3 Ontological metaphors 45 4.2 Metaphor in Vietnamese newspapers on social violence 53 4.2.1 Structural metaphors 53 4.2.2 Orientational metaphors 55 4.2.3 Ontological metaphors 56 4.3 The similarities between conceptual metaphors in English and Vietnamese newspapers on social violence 61 4.4 The differences between conceptual metaphors in English and Vietnamese newspapers on social violence 68 4.5 Summary 76 CHAPTER 5: 78 h CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION 78 5.1 Conclusions 78 5.2 Implications 80 5.3 Limitations 81 5.4 Suggestions for further research 81 REFERENCES 83 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 The Occurrences and Percentages of Conceptual Metaphors in English 39 Table 4.2 The Occurrences and Percentages of Conceptual Metaphors in Vietnamese Newspapers 53 Table 4.3 The Occurrences and Percentages of Conceptual Metaphors in English and Vietnamese Online Articles 62 Table 4.4 The Conceptual Metaphors Sharing the Same Meaning in English and Vietnamese Newspapers 67 Table 4.5 The Most Commonly Used Conceptual Metaphors in Both Languages 70 h Table 4.6 The Differences of Same Conceptual Metaphors in English and Vietnamese Newspapers 74 Table 4.7 The Absence and Presence of Conceptual Metaphors in English and Vietnamese Newspapers 74 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 The mappings of conceptual metaphor ANGER IS FIRE 15 Figure 2.2 The mappings of conceptual metaphor ANGER IS HOT FLUID IN A CONTAINER 17 Figure 2.3 The mappings of conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A JOURNEY 19 Figure 2.4 The Source-Path-Goal Schema in LOVE IS A JOURNEY 20 Figure 2.5 Metaphorical Relationship 21 Figure 2.6 Metonymic Relationship 21 Figure 2.7 The Source and Target Domains of Ontological Metaphor 24 Figure Eight Online Articles in English and Vietnamese… ……….… 35 Figure 4.1 The mappings of conceptual metaphor VIOLENCE IS A h PLANT… ……….……………………………………………49 Figure 4.2 The mappings of conceptual metaphor A CRIMINAL RECORD IS A BUILDING………………………………………… … 61 Figure 4.3 The Total Conceptual Metaphors in English and Vietnamese Online Newspapers 68 Figure 4.4 The Occurrences and Percentages of Ontological Metaphors in English and Vietnamese Online Newspapers.Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.5.The Occurrences of Structural Metaphors in English and Vietnamese Online Newspapers 70