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THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION - - KWAK BUSUNG DEVELOPMENT OF SHARING ECONOMY FOR RURAL AREAS IN THE MEKONG DELTA SUMMARY OF PHD DISSERTATION IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS THAI NGUYEN – 2023 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION - - KWAK BUSUNG DEVELOPMENT OF SHARING ECONOMY FOR RURAL AREAS IN THE MEKONG DELTA Major: Agricultural economics Code: 9620115 SUMMARY OF PHD DISSERTATION IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS Supervisor: Associate Professor, Dr Do Anh Tai THAI NGUYEN – 2023 INTRODUCTION The rationale of the research topic In recent years, the term "sharing economy" has been mentioned more and more often, especially in economic and trade forums In fact, this economic model has only developed abroad since the early 2000s It has only been introduced to Vietnam in recent years In the US, this model only really started to blossom in 2008, when the country's economy was in crisis, people had to change their consumption habits to adapt to the difficult economic situation However, despite not having a long history of development and perfection like the traditional economy, the sharing economy model has really resonated, attracting the attention not only of consumers but also of authorities around the world There are many reasons why the sharing economy has flourished rapidly in Vietnam, one of which is that consumer habits are highly influenced by Vietnamese prices However, it is completely undeniable that the sharing economy is receiving a lot of attention from many interest groups, such as authorities, economic researchers, business owners as well as people directly involved in this economic model especially since the big players in the foreign sharing economy invest in Vietnam It can be seen that these foreign businesses have quickly expanded in the Vietnamese market such as Uber, Grab, Airbnb, is no stranger to Vietnamese people, especially in big cities The sharing economy is now present in all fields, especially it increasingly promotes its role in improving the efficiency of agricultural development in rural areas It can be said that the sharing economy is an inevitable trend if you want to develop agriculture along a sustainable commodity value chain, the sharing economy model with the support of information technology and new technologies will help people, production and business establishments take advantage of digital technology to develop agricultural production in the current direction At the same time, professionally, at the same time helping producer households save costs, time and human resources The sharing economy has many new points There have been new shaping and developing models such as "Saemaul Village in Vietnam" in the Mekong Delta However, there have still been difficulties In order for the sharing economy model to benefit farmers in the future, it is necessary to conduct research and evaluate the causes and limitations of the current model, especially to study and overcome barriers in sharing economy development in agricultural production in rural Vietnam in general and delta areas the Mekong River in particular such as: barriers on the level of capacity in information exploitation, barriers on the level of readiness to apply and receive and innovate science and technology of producer households are still quite limited; barriers to human resource structure, production scale From the above rationale, the dissertation: "Development of Sharing Economy for Rural Areas in the Mekong Delta" aims to understand the situation of sharing economy in rural areas in the Mekong Delta, especially analyzing the current situation and impacts as well as forecasting future effects brought about by the impact of the "Saemaul Program" in Vietnam to the sharing economy development in this region, thereby offering solutions for sharing economy development for rural areas in the Mekong Delta in particular and can be replicated for other rural areas in Vietnam in general Research objectives 2.1 General objective From studying the current situation of sharing economy development in the Mekong Delta region and influencing factors to propose solutions for sharing economy development for rural areas in the Mekong Delta 2.2 Specific objectives - Systematize the theoretical and practical basis for sharing economy development in rural areas - Assess the situation of sharing economy in rural areas in the Mekong Delta, typically areas supported to implement sharing economy activities by the Saemaul program - Identify factors affecting sharing economy development in rural areas in the Mekong Delta through case studies in villages participating in the Saemaul program - Proposing orientations and solutions for sharing economy development for rural areas in the Mekong Delta New contributions of the topic - Scientific significance: Update and systematize the theoretical and practical basis of sharing economy development in rural areas; - Practical significance: Propose views and solutions for sharing economy development in rural areas in the Mekong Delta region - What's new in the dissertation: The dissertation was conducted to assess the current situation and propose solutions for sharing economy development in rural areas in the Mekong Delta region in particular and the sharing economy model in rural areas in Vietnam in general The structure of the dissertation In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the dissertation is structured into chapters as follows: CHAPTER LITERATURE OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM 1.1 Studies of the sharing economy in rural areas 1.1.1 On the concept of sharing economy The sharing economy, also known as community economy or collaborative consumption, is an economic model that uses the sharing platforms of the mobile Internet such as open source, cloud and integrates large, distributed and unused resources in society This model combines efficient supply and demand, based on the use of resources in production and the use of goods and services without ownership The sharing economy implements the sharing of goods, services, data and talent through a new model of hiring instead of buying, creating an entirely new form of economy and social value 1.1.2 Objects of the sharing economy For the study of sharing economy participants, the motivations of sharing participants mainly include intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation includes the need for use and considerations for sustainability, while extrinsic motivation includes economic benefits or reputation The biggest drivers of sharing behavior are demand and economic benefits Sharing, for the sake of community benefits, equality and cooperation are the four characteristics of the sharing economy, the essence of which is to minimize the cost of capital transactions in the market, thereby improving the efficiency of resource allocation The sharing audience should not be limited to unused resources, but can also use resources efficiently for sharing, as long as it is through online sharing platforms and mobile technologies to carry out low-cost resource transactions and efficient allocation, Any resource can be included in the scope of the sharing economy In general, the meaning of the sharing economy is to minimize the cost of resource transactions by eliminating intermediaries, direct connections between supply and resource demand, sharing the right to use many resources, not only material but also including knowledge, skills and other intangible resources, easily attracting widespread interest and participation The sharing economy has changed the traditional conception of property rights in the economy, upgraded consumers' view of consumption and is an innovation in economic model development 1.1.3 On the sharing economy model Studying the business model of the sharing economy, the types of sharing economy business models include four types: "non-profit from individual to individual", "profit from individual to individual", "non-profit from enterprise to individual", and "profits from business to individual" The market structure and the direction of the market determine the specific type of model The seven elements of a sharing economy business model are: sharing platforms, unused resources, point-to-point communication, collaborative management, goal-oriented, alternative funding sources, and technology dependence In the field of application, paying a lot of attention to the development strategy of startups, attracting customers and generating income sources are important obstacles to overcome in the development process 1.1.4 On the sharing economy in rural areas For the concept of "Sharing economy in rural areas", it can be determined that it must be derived from the model of sustainable agricultural development In the 1970s, with the continuous progression of industrialization and urbanization along with population growth, the traditional model of agricultural development with a one-sided focus on improving efficiency and economic benefits caused a conflict between the socio-economic system and the natural ecological system This situation leads to depletion of economic resources, deterioration of habitats, and destruction of ecosystems In this context, the model of sustainable agricultural development was born Sustainable agriculture is an agricultural model that has little impact on the environment, is technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable The model of sustainable agricultural development requires agricultural output while ensuring stable and sustainable growth in the long term, and considering the harmony between economic efficiency and social and ecological benefits, meeting the continuous demand of the current and future population for agricultural products, thereby creating a harmonious and reciprocal relationship between the agricultural economic system and the natural ecological system As an important path to realize green transformation and development, "sharing agriculture" was born in this context The exploitation of free resources can meet the demand for services with less materials, in line with the idea of "green agriculture" being promoted by the country 11.2 Problems on the topic of the dissertation have not been researched, addressed and research-oriented; After synthesizing studies on sharing economy, business models in this field and sharing economy in rural areas at home and abroad, we find that researchers have achieved some research results, but there are still some issues to add First, although domestic and foreign researchers have done comprehensive research on the sharing economy, there has not been in-depth research in their own fields, especially the lack of specific theories for application in the field of agriculture Second, compared to focusing on the structure and composition of the business model in the field of sharing economy, the researchers have also applied case analysis successfully, but most of the research still focuses on analysis from a global perspective on the business model, while not strong enough in guiding practical activities Third, both domestic and foreign studies mainly focus on the sharing economy in urban areas, which are areas where the sharing economy develops with a large scale, large population, higher education and can create great social and economic benefits with the reduction of traffic congestion, increase savings, and boost the local economy in general as well as generate high revenue and profits for businesses that conduct business related to sharing economy activities In addition, the urban sharing economy also has a greater diversity of products/services such as car sharing, house rental, and delivery services that are often widely used in urban areas, greatly facilitating research activities In rural areas, the sharing economy tends to be less common and often focuses on activities such as sharing agricultural tools, direct purchases of agricultural products, or smaller local services The sharing economy in rural areas is also less common and more fragmented and sluggish, so research on this area is quite limited Fourth, Vietnamese researchers focus on policy issues and industry development in the field of sharing economy to enhance operational efficiency through policy promotion and management, but there is still little research on sharing economy models in rural areas Based on the analysis of the above shortcomings, research on the sharing economy in rural areas in Vietnam is essential with the proportion of Vietnam's population working in agriculture accounting for more than 65% The research of the dissertation hopes to build on the theoretical basis of sharing economy, will continue to explore the sharing business model in the agricultural sector, analyze and compare the differences between the traditional farm model and the sharing economy model in rural areas, and based on the new theory of sharing economy and production theory of agriculture, specifically study methods of building sharing business models in the field of agriculture, in order to perfect relevant research contents CHAPTER THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF SHARED ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS 2.1 Concept and characteristics of sharing economy development in rural areas 2.1.1 Sharing economy The sharing economy is built on the foundation of sharing free material assets between individuals and organizations, with the aim of being profitable or non-profit To be clear, when the owner of a certain asset or material wants to share his or her property or material with other individuals or organizations, it is the sharing economy The sharing economy is built on the foundation of sharing free material assets between individuals and organizations, with the aim of being profitable or non-profit 2.1.2 Collective economy A collectivist economy is an economic system in which decisions about the ownership, management, and use of assets, resources, and production lie primarily at the collective or community level This economic model focuses on the principle of consensus and good interaction between members of the collective to achieve common economic and social goals The collective economy has a number of characteristics as follows: - Collective ownership: Important assets and resources, such as land, infrastructure, and means of production, are usually owned collectively or collectively Decisions about the use and management of assets are usually made by the community or collectively - Collective decision: Decisions about the management, use of resources and distribution of profits are made through the participation and agreement of the entire community or members of the collective - Social and economic objectives: The goals of the collective economy are often aimed at achieving common benefits for the community, including economic and social goals such as improving the quality of life, protecting the environment, and promoting social justice - Interaction and collaboration: The collective economy promotes positive interaction and cooperation among its members to achieve the best efficiency in the use of assets and resources - Distribution of benefits: Profits and production results are distributed based on the principles of fairness and contribution to the collective, often not focusing on the individual in too large a way - The collective economy in rural agriculture is mainly expressed by cooperative groups, cooperatives and cooperative unions The collective economy and the sharing economy are two models that have many similarities, but also important differences * On the similarities: - Use of common property: Both of these economic models rely on the use of common or already existing assets to optimize efficiency - Share resources: Both models emphasize sharing resources or services to create value for the community * On the differences: Order Content COLLECTIVE ECONOMY SHARING ECONOMY The main objective of the The main goal of the sharing Collective Economy is to economy is to create value for optimize the performance and the community through the Objective profitability of the economic sharing of assets and services organization through cooperation In this case, the interests of the between enterprises or user often come first individuals This often includes sharing resources, knowledge and skills to create business value This is often the traditional business model in which organizations or individuals Business collaborate to achieve common model business goals Example: Business alliances, coproduction In the collective economy, risk management is often sharing or distributed among counterparties Risk The rules and responsibilities are management usually defined in contracts or partnership agreements The collective economy is usually subject to regulations and laws related to enterprises and Laws and corporate cooperation These regulations rules are usually quite traditional and closely tested This is a newer business model in which online platforms or community platforms allow users to share assets or services with each other through the system In the sharing economy, there can be many risks associated with sharing personal wealth Therefore, platforms often have to ensure safety and reliability for both renters and tenants The sharing economy often requires new regulations on the sharing of personal assets and services on online platforms These regulations can change rapidly and reflect changes in the way technology and business evolve 2.1.3 Community Although approached from different angles, based on different scientific theories and directing academic attention to specific different forms of community, in general, the following most essential signs for identifying or defining a community can be considered: - The community must be a collection of a large number of people - Each community must have its own identity - Members of the community must feel connected to the community and to other members of the community - There can be many factors that make up the identity and endurance that binds the community, but the most important is the unity of will and sharing of feelings, creating a sense of community - Each community has external criteria to identify the community and has rules governing the general operation and behavior of the community On the basis of the above connotations, it is possible to arrive at the following general definition of "community": "A community is a collection of people with great similarities, with common recognition criteria and rules of operation and behavior based on consensus of will, feelings, beliefs and a sense of community, whereby members of the community feel connected to the community and to other members of the community." 2.1.4 Sharing economy characteristics in rural areas The sharing economy in rural areas has some characteristics as follows: (1) Diversity in sharing economy activities The sharing economy model in rural areas is not limited to agriculture but also includes many other activities such as tourism, community services, handicraft production, handicrafts, food and livestock products As a result, this model has helped raise farmers' incomes and minimize losses for them when their crops or livestock suffer from disease or unfavorable weather (2) Economic development based on local resources Rural sharing economies are often built on local resources such as land, water, plant varieties and livestock This has helped strengthen local resilience and minimize dependence on external resources (3) High community value Sharing economy models in rural areas are often built on cooperation and mutual help among community members As a result, this model has helped strengthen relationships between community members and create high community values (4) Sustainable development The rural sharing economy model helps promote sustainable development by using environmentally friendly methods of growing, raising livestock and producing products Products manufactured in sustainable methods usually not pollute the environment and ensure safety for consumers' health (5) Create job opportunities The rural sharing economy model also creates many job opportunities for local people Young people can engage in manufacturing, tourism or community service activities to generate income for themselves This makes it possible for local people to stay in the countryside and contribute to the development of the community 2.2 Research content on sharing economy in rural areas 2.2.1 Resources in the sharing economy 2.2.1.1 Land Land is the most important resource in the countryside In the sharing economy model, land is collectively used for growing crops, raising livestock and developing other agricultural activities The sharing of land enhances diversity in agricultural production, while minimizing the negative impact of land poverty and helping to ensure environmental sustainability 2.2.1.2 Labour Labour is the second most important resource in the rural sharing economy model Thanks to the sharing of labor, communities can focus on larger agricultural projects, improving product quality and improving production efficiency Sharing labor also helps create job opportunities and stable incomes for the whole community 2.2.1.3 Capital Capital is an essential resource for investment in rural production and economic development Capital sharing helps ensure that manufacturing projects can be implemented and developed, and helps increase diversity in manufacturing Capital also enhances competitiveness and presents new business opportunities for the community 2.2.1.4 Knowledge Knowledge is a very important resource in the rural sharing economy model Communities can share their knowledge and experience to improve agricultural production and come up with more advanced solutions to rural economic and environmental problems Sharing knowledge helps ensure that the whole community can acquire the knowledge and skills needed to achieve sustainable development 2.2.1.5 Agricultural Service Sharing agricultural services in the sharing economy is a method that helps farmers and members of the farming community share the services needed to enhance production efficiency and reduce costs Sharing agricultural services include services such as seed supply, fertilizer supply, machinery rental, product transportation, crop and animal supervision, and other services related to agricultural production 2.2.1.6 Natural resources In addition to the above resources, the rural sharing economy model must also focus on the protection and sustainable use of natural resources, such as water, forests, animals and other organisms Using these resources in a sustainable way helps ensure economic and social development in rural areas over the long term 2.2.2 Effective application of sharing economy in rural areas Through the above objectives, the effectiveness of sharing economy application in rural areas includes: (1) Enhance competitiveness (2) Reduce production costs (3) Increase productivity and product quality (4) Reduce negative impacts on the environment (5) Improve quality of life 2.3 Sharing economy in the Saemaul program 2.3.1 On the Saemaul movement The Saemaul Undong, also known as the New Community Movement, New Village Movement or Saemaul Movement The Vietnam New Rural Program and the Korea Saemaul Program are two initiatives aimed at improving lives and economic development in rural areas Vietnam's New Rural Program has also learned a lot from the Korean Saemaul Program To date, Saemaul Korea Program's projects continue to support rural areas in Vietnam 2.3.2 Saemaul Village Saemaul Village was formed in Vietnam based on the ideas of the Korean Saemaul movement In 2004, Thai Nguyen Province and Gyeongsangbuk Province were officially twinned brothers After year, in 2005, the Saemaul pilot village project was implemented for the first time in Rung Van village, Thai Nguyen province with activities such as building cultural houses, dispensaries, schools, supporting educational equipment and equipment, sending delegations to train in Korea, These activities marked the first step of the Saemaul pilot village project in Vietnam, which is also an opportunity to help Vietnamese people approach and know about this movement for the first time 2.3.3 Sharing economy model in the Saemaul program The rural sharing economy model is a new economic modality that can bring many benefits to farmers and rural communities The application of this model can help increase productivity, improve product quality, reduce production costs and increase income for farmers In addition, the sharing economy model also helps improve knowledge and business management skills for farmers, strengthen solidarity and cooperation among farmers in the community The sharing economy based on the Saemaul program is a system in which individual farmer households participate in the market economy by using common property through the formation of a cooperative community rather than by individual production and business activities It is also a new form of economic unit and entity aimed at protecting the community and the efficiency of internal economic activities and external economic activities as an economic unit with the same objectives agreed by different communities, not platforms or businesses run by specific companies or individuals 2.3.4 Levels of Sharing Economy of Saemaul Program The sharing economy under the Saemaul program is built and formed according to target levels 2.4 Factors influencing sharing economy development in rural areas 2.4.1 People's capabilities 2.4.2 People's attitudes 2.4.3 People's knowledge 2.4.4 Policies and mechanisms of the State 2.4.5 Socio-economic development conditions 2.4.6 Infrastructure 2.4.7 Natural resources 2.4.8 Science and technology 2.5 Experience in sharing economy development in rural areas 2.5.1 Experience in some countries around the world 2.5.1.1 India 2.5.1.2 France 2.5.1.3 Thailand 2.5.2 Sharing economy development in Vietnam The initial foundation of the sharing economy is the community lifestyle, which is the cultural identity of Vietnamese people Vietnamese people in the village live in solidarity, share a lot of wealth with each other, join hands to perform many jobs (characteristics of rice agriculture, different from the UK, America ) Vietnamese people also feel comfortable when borrowing other people's belongings, renting cars, sharing meals in rice trays, buying second-hand items All of the above points show that Vietnamese people will accept the sharing economy model quite easily However, due to exposure to consumerism, private property has been promoted, and the beauty of sharing in the community is being eroded Although the term sharing economy has just been introduced into Vietnam, the culture of sharing in consumption is familiar to Vietnamese people, these types of business services have also existed and gradually become familiar to people 2.5.3 Lessons for Rural Sharing Economy Development in the Mekong Delta Agricultural sharing economies of countries such as India, France and Thailand have learned certain lessons for the development of rural sharing economies in the Mekong Delta Some lessons learned can be mentioned as: (1) Invest in agricultural infrastructure (2) Encourage organic agricultural production (3) Creating forms of cooperation in agriculture (4) Promote agricultural trade (5) Invest in farmer training and development (6) Develop technology, promote the construction of a sharing platform Chapter RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Framework 3.2 Research approach 3.2.1 System access The systemic approach is a consideration of the contents and influencing factors of rural sharing economy development in the Mekong Delta With the content of sharing economy development in rural areas Factors affecting the sharing economy development in rural areas in the Mekong Delta such as factors such as people's capacity, attitude, knowledge, State mechanisms and policies, economic development conditions, infrastructure, natural-social conditions, etc natural resources, social sciences and markets 3.2.2 Macro, micro approach 3.3 Research Process (1) Step 1: Identify the research problem (2) Step 2: Define research objectives (3) Step 3: Perform qualitative research (4) Step 4: Carry out a situation study (5) Step 5: Perform influencing factor research (6) Step 6: Provide a solution to the research problem 3.4 Information collection methods 3.4.1 Secondary information 3.4.2 Primary information 3.4.2.1 Population, sample and sample selection 3.4.2.2 List of documents and surveys 3.4.3 Information analysis methods 10 Chapter CURRENT SITUATION OF SHARING ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS IN THE MEKONG DELTA 4.1 Socio-economic overview of the Mekong Delta region 4.1.1 Geographical location, natural conditions 4.1.1.1 Geographical location, terrain 4.1.1.2 Climate 4.1.1.3 Hydrology 4.1.2 Socio-economic conditions The socio-economic situation in the Mekong Delta is still quite modest compared to the whole country Economic activities such as attracted projects still account for a small proportion compared to the size of the region, other business activities are mainly traditional agricultural production, creating low value 4.2 Current situation of sharing economy model in rural areas in the Mekong Delta 4.2.1 The current situation of sharing resources 4.2.1.1 Current situation of land sharing in agricultural production The area of sharing agricultural land is 22,500 m2 (accounting for 0.51% of the total agricultural land area), of which the sharing water surface land area is 7,000m2 The amount of agricultural land sharing in the community is not much, mainly because people have almost no surplus land fund to rent or lend 4.2.1.2 Current situation of labor resource sharing In the Mekong Delta, agricultural production activities need to use a lot of seasonal labor, households here have started to use surplus labor resources (from time to time) on site to carry out agricultural production activities This form of labor sharing is quite pronounced and frequent, but the labor-sharing model has not been agreed on the remuneration plan 4.2.1.3 Current situation of capital sharing Through the survey results of households in the Mekong Delta, it can be seen that the capital sharing activities in agricultural production of households here have a relatively high rate, especially over 55% of surveyed households have contributed capital with cooperatives to jointly make investment, production Capital contribution activities by individuals such as contributing money to invest together or contributing money to buy sharing machinery and equipment also accounted for a high proportion (32.9%, 38.5% of households, respectively) In addition, a form similar to capital sharing platforms operated manually is "Contributing funds and lending to households in need of loans at preferential interest rates" has also had up to 44.1% of households participating This proves that mutual trust in the agricultural production community in the Mekong Delta is quite high, capital sharing activities in agricultural production also take place quite often here 4.2.1.4 Current situation of knowledge sharing The knowledge sharing activities of people working in agriculture in rural areas in the Mekong Delta have a very positive attitude in knowledge sharing activities, the sharing knowledge has also contributed significantly to improving the efficiency of agricultural production of people here However, in terms of knowledge sharing, which is mainly passive, active forms of knowledge sharing such as self-learning on the Internet are currently quite effective and there is always new knowledge, people have not applied much, this is mainly because farmers' technology skills are not really good 4.2.1.5 Current situation of sharing agricultural services The sharing of agricultural services in rural areas of the Mekong Delta was enthusiastically responded to by the people with the large participation of the people The main reason is that the sharing and joint purchase of services has directly reduced the selling price of the services provided, the benefits are very visible to agricultural producers 11 4.2.1.6 Current situation situation of sharing natural resources The sharing of natural resources in the Mekong Delta is implemented and participated by farmers at a very large rate (91.58%-99.5%) and people are always willing to share these resources in the future with 99.7-100% of respondents willing to share 4.2.3 Efficiency of sharing economy application in the Mekong Delta Adopting the sharing economy in the Mekong Delta region can bring many important benefits For the Mekong Delta region with abundant natural resources, sharing in agricultural production will optimize the use of resources through cooperation in farming, animal husbandry, and water resource management Or sharing farm tools, machinery, and equipment can help reduce ownership and maintenance costs This is especially important in agricultural areas such as the Mekong Delta, where investment in expensive equipment can put financial pressure on farmers The sharing economy will also increase productivity in agriculture through the use of advanced techniques, cooperative farming, and knowledge sharing This could lead to increased incomes for farmers and increased economic development in the region The sharing economy can also help protect the environment in the Mekong Delta by optimizing the use of land, water, and other resources Adopting sustainable agricultural practices and sharing water management systems can also reduce adverse environmental impacts The sharing economy will foster collaboration and create a positive community environment in rural areas This can create a network of links between farmers and agribusinesses, contributing to the sustainable development of the Mekong Delta The sharing economy will also provide opportunities for knowledge sharing on advanced farming methods and green technologies This can spur innovation and improve productivity in agriculture Through the survey activities, it can be seen that people have a very positive view of sharing economic activities People realize that sharing economy activities have made the production of agricultural products more efficient, incomes and living standards better 4.2.4 Levels of the sharing economy model of the Saemaul program in the Mekong Delta region Respondents in pilot Saemaul villages generally achieved a level sharing economy At level 3, the weakest stage is still the same as cooperatives, which is the development of smart farm cultivation technology, vertical farms for application in the field and the establishment of payment assurance systems for sales The above two activities have not been able to be carried out by any household In addition, the activities are quite weak and the number of households can quite little, which is product processing and building packaging designs and connecting activities with business partners At level 4, almost all households have not done any activities, only 29 surveyed households have posted agricultural products for sale on online platforms and surveyed households have installed cameras at some points in agricultural production areas 4.3 Analysis of factors affecting sharing economy development in rural Mekong Delta areas 4.3.1 Research Model 4.3.2 Measure reliability testing using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient 4.3.3 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for independent variables 4.3.4 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for dependent variables 4.3.5 Regression analysis of factors affecting Sharing Economy Development in the Mekong Delta 4.4 Successes, limitations and causes in sharing economy development for rural areas in the Mekong Delta 4.4.1 Achievements 12 Rural areas in the Mekong Delta have had certain successes in sharing economy development such as: - Develop agriculture and rural areas through strengthening the role of cooperatives - Towards sustainable agricultural production and environmental protection - Develop organic agriculture - Development of the rural financial system - Improve knowledge and techniques in agricultural production through training programs, training or knowledge sharing - Health care and social development - Development of rural tourism - Create strong community and social culture 4.4.2 Limitations and reasons In addition to the achievements, sharing economy activities in the Mekong Delta region still have certain limitations that need to be addressed, here are typical limitations and causes of these limitations: (1) The sharing of land in agricultural production in the Mekong Delta region faces many limitations, people currently have a relatively small land use sharing rate, the limitations and reasons include: - The rural area of the Mekong Delta has a limited land area, subdivided for producer households - Land management is not effective and the land administrative system has not developed strongly, leading to the land sharing is not really clear and fair - Inefficient agricultural structure (2) Sharing labor resources in agricultural production in rural areas in the Mekong Delta is currently the form of resource sharing with the highest level of activity but also faces certain limitations: Since most people in rural areas are engaged in agricultural production, competition for labor resources makes it difficult to share them, especially during important agricultural seasons - Labor force in rural areas in the Mekong Delta is uneven - The lack of investment in training and development of modern agriculture also causes inefficiencies in the use of labor resources - Many young workers from rural areas in the Mekong Delta can seek work opportunities in big cities or abroad, leading to a shortage of labor resources for local agriculture (3) Capital sharing in agricultural production in rural areas of the Mekong Delta has also performed quite well, but still faces certain limitations: - Some farmers in rural areas not have collateral to secure loans - Farmers in rural areas mostly lack knowledge of financial management and capital management (4) Knowledge sharing in agricultural production in rural areas of the Mekong Delta is mainly passive, active forms of knowledge sharing such as self-inquiry on the Internet are currently quite effective and there is always new knowledge, people have not applied much, This is mainly because the farmer's technological skills are not very good It is mainly caused by: - Most farmers in rural areas in the region have limited access to quality education - The lack of materials and resources on modern agriculture and agricultural management creates barriers to improving farmers' knowledge The Mekong Delta region may be isolated from new sources of agricultural knowledge and techniques from other regions, especially farmers in outlying areas Farmers may be concerned that adopting new methods may not guarantee good prices for their produce 13 Upgrading agricultural production and adopting new technologies often requires capital investment, and many farmers in rural areas not have the financial capacity to this - The development of information and communication infrastructure in uneven areas can also reduce access to new knowledge 14 Chapter SHARING ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS IN RURAL AREAS IN THE MEKONG DELTA 5.1 Views, guidelines and orientations to promote the application of the sharing economy model in rural areas in the Mekong Delta 5.2 Solutions to promote the sharing economy model in rural areas in the Mekong Delta 5.2.1 Basic solutions First, Vietnam needs to improve the legal system managing economic zones, clearly defining responsibilities between parties and responsibilities of state agencies in management Second, continue to supplement and perfect the legal framework and policies on creating a business environment and equal competition between enterprises applying the sharing economy model and traditional business enterprises, between domestic and foreign enterprises under the sharing economy model Third, to study and complete the legal system and policies on the labor market related to the sharing economy model (management, labor declaration, obligation to implement insurance policies ) so that enterprises under the sharing economy model operate in accordance with the laws and regulations of Vietnam Fourth, proactively develop and adjust tax policies (tax schedules, tax rates, tax bases and roadmaps for applying tax rates ) for each type of business under the sharing economy model (including its variants) in order to address the external impacts of this model on the demand for mobilizing investment capital from the state budget for future economic development to solve environmental problems Fifth, complete the legal provisions on property rights and dispute settlement mechanisms related to losses of traditional business enterprises caused by unfair competition, or unfair competition with industrial enterprises Sixth, develop a mechanism for evaluating supply services from dimensions: suppliers, users of products/services and platform service providers Seventh, synchronously implement solutions in the Strategy for agricultural economic development and agricultural cooperatives in the period of 2021-2025 In addition, it is necessary to implement other solutions such as: forming a mechanism to identify and identify business forms under sharing economy model for agricultural economic development and agricultural cooperatives; establish mechanisms and levels of development of sharing economy activities in agricultural cooperatives, thereby adopting corresponding policies to encourage and sustainably develop cooperatives; develop experimental models, pilot the application of sharing economy model to cooperatives in agribusiness to replicate when meeting conditions and requirements Several other measures such as: - Strengthen propaganda and awareness education for people about the sharing economy model, and provide knowledge and skills so that they can participate in this model effectively - To create favorable conditions for people in the management and use of common resources, especially land, to avoid disputes and conflicts between the parties involved - Support research and training activities on sharing economy models, in order to improve people's understanding and skills in building and maintaining models - Invest in infrastructure and financial support to develop a sharing economy model that makes it possible for people to access and use technologies, devices and support services - Building a network of links among participants in the sharing economy model, in order to enhance communication, information exchange and experience sharing among participants 15 - With these measures, the sharing economy model will have many opportunities for development in rural areas in the Mekong Delta, benefiting rural people and communities, while contributing to environmental protection and sustainable economic development 5.2.2 Specific solutions 5.2.2.1 Promote resource sharing in the sharing economy in rural Mekong Delta areas (1) Enhance the efficient utilization and sharing of land resources (2) Improve the efficiency of human resource sharing; (3) Enhance capital sharing among farmers (4) Enhance knowledge sharing of agricultural production (5) Promote agricultural service sharing activities (6) Promote efficient use of resources 5.2.2.2 Strengthening the development of groups of factors most strongly affecting sharing economy development in rural Mekong Delta areas (1) Improve the use of technology and techniques in agricultural production (2) Increase the efficient use of local resources (3) Promote the construction and development of infrastructure for agricultural production CONCLUSION When studying the Mekong Delta, we cannot avoid the impression of a strong and thriving agricultural economy This is an area where agriculture not only plays an important role in providing food for people but also contributes significantly to national exports At the same time, agriculture here is also the source of life for millions of farmers However, to ensure the sustainability and development of the rural Mekong Delta region, many different solutions are needed from the government to the people The sharing economy is showing very strong efficiency in economic development, especially enhancing the efficiency of using resources, minimizing production costs and improving economic benefits In this dissertation, we have gained a deeper understanding of the undeniable benefits of sharing activities in the agricultural sector The sharing of agricultural resources, knowledge, services and resources benefits not only individuals but also communities and territories Sharing helps improve productivity, reduce risks in production, optimize the use of land and water resources, and especially increase income for farmers In addition, this has a positive impact on the sustainability of the environment and natural resources, helping to create a rural area worth living and developing However, sharing economy activities in rural areas in the Mekong Delta also face complex problems Constraints on land, capital, labour, knowledge and agricultural services are creating barriers to sustainable development These challenges require a united focus and 16 effort from all stakeholders The dissertation author also analyzed and pointed out the core factors that the locality needs to focus on to develop the sharing economy here, including: technical technology factors, local resources and infrastructure factors Finally, through the analysis of the current situation, the dissertation author also proposed general solutions and specific solutions in sharing economy development in the rural Mekong Delta area Specific solutions that localities need to quickly and actively implement are: (1) Enhance the efficient utilization and sharing of land resources; (2) Improve the efficiency of human resource sharing; (3) Enhance capital sharing among farmers; (4) Enhance knowledge sharing of agricultural production; (5) Promote agricultural service sharing; (6) Promote efficient use of resources; (7) Improve the use of technology and techniques in agricultural production; (8) Increase the efficient use of local resources; (9) Promote the construction and development of infrastructure for agricultural production 17