ASSIGNMENT REPORT course introductory ethics topic animal rights

NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY ADVANCED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ********** ASSIGNMENT REPORT Course: Introductory Ethics Topic: Animal Rights Group : Group Members’ names : Nguyen Hoang Nguyen Mai Anh Nguyen Phuong Linh Tran Quang Duy Du Trang Linh Class : Advanced Finance 59B Supervisor : Dr Nguyen Bich Ngoc HANOI - 2020 ABSTRACT https://arconference.org/what-is-animal-rights https://www.friendsofanimals.org/program/what-is-meant-by-animal-rights/ https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/animal-rights https://www.wiseoldsayings.com/animal-rights-quotes/#ixzz6GkFXOcKH http://www.esdaw.eu/unesco.html https://bible.knowing-jesus.com/topics/Animal-Rights https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-animal-rights-127600 TABLES OF CONTENTS I I INTRODUCTION II THE CONCEPT’S OF ANIMAL TIGHTS III THE ETHICAL VIEW ABOUT ANIMAL RIGHTS IV ADVANTAGES OF ANIMAL RIGHTS V DISADVANTAGES OF ANIMAL RIGHTS VI IMPORTANCE OF SUPPORTING ANIMAL RIGHTS VII CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION ASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rights ASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rights Animals have been abused cruelty Throughout history, animal rights has been a subject of concern and debate The concern in Biblical times is expressed in Proverbs 12:10: "A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast: but the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel." President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), was a forerunner in the use of the expression "animal rights": "I am in favor of animal rights as well as human rights That is the way of a whole human being." A foremost spokesperson in modern times, Dr Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) held that "the thinking man must oppose all cruel customs no matter how deeply rooted in tradition or surrounded by a halo We need a boundless ethic which will include the animals also." The rights that both human and non-human animals have are determined by the society in which they live In a democratic society, it is the public that ultimately decides which rights will be given to non-human animals Today, our society has given them very few rights As a result, animals are subjected to an incredible array of abuses Concerned citizens and legislators trying to change the situation propose these legal rights be extended to animals that are used or killed for human benefit Following are some highlight examples of animal abused First of all, in some cases, animals are abused as a pet Some owner may ignore the existence of their pet and let bad things happen to them Sometimes, iintentional abuse goes even further Rather than ignore an animal and leave it to suffer, these people commit deliberate acts of cruelty that may include physically abusing, maiming, torturing or killing an animal Not only the animals need to be removed from the home, but these people should be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law There are too many links between people who commit heinous crimes against animals and people who go on to commit crimes against people to allow these crimes to go unpunished 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As for hoarding, this is often seen as the symptom of a mental health issue While the animals need to be removed from the home for their care and well-being and the hoarder perhaps even forbidden to house animals again, the hoarder needs mental health help as well Sadly, hoarders, if left unattended and untreated, will often repeat their hoarding behavior again, if not many times, over their lifetime Animals as entertainment is a second example of animal cruelty The world is constantly trying to invent and find new forms of entertainment, people often find pleasure in watching animals When thinking about how animals are used in the entertainment industry, it seems that in most cases they are being mistreated These animals may be whipped or beat to get them to perform a trick They may also be stressed by the constant traveling and the noise or camera flashes from the audience Some animals in rodeos may be sent straight to the slaughterhouse after a performance Other things such as animal racing or fights may age an animal quickly and cause myriad health defects and injuries What might seem cute or amusing to us is a terrifying reality for them They are poked, prodded, tied, starved, drugged, and kept in small enclosures just so “animal lovers” can see them up close or watch them perform tricks Humans watch in amazement from outside the cage or arena while wild animals are trapped within, forced to perform These animals are stripped of their freedoms and natural behaviors for our entertainment Most trained acts involving predatory animals thrived (and often still do) off of the potential for danger Trainers would include whips and chairs in their act for dramatic effect In order to perform these thrilling acts, trainers would first gain dominance over the animal behind the scenes The most popular ways to “gain dominance” are by beating, starving, whipping, or even pulling an animal’s teeth to reduce the likeliness of injury to the trainer Once television and motion pictures were introduced to the world, animals were pushed into the spotlight in a different way Countless movies have faced animal abuse charges These include The Hobbit or even Pirates of the Caribbean, etc 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Animal testing is another example of animal cruelty These animals can be killed or permanantly maimed through testing These includes monkey, rabbit, dogs, mice, Laws and regulatory agencies worldwide currently require that medicines are tested on animals before clinical trials on humans Millions of animals are used in these cruel tests worldwide every year Approximately 202,000 animals were used in 2018 in Britain alone This is on top of the millions of animals used in more basic medical research Rabbits are the most commonly used for toxicity and safety testing of substances such as drugs, chemicals and medical devices They are used in skin and eye irritation studies, such as the archaic and painful Draize tests for cosmetics, personal care, household products and other chemicals This controversial use of rabbits resulted in some of the first large-scale protests against animal experimentation in the 1970s and 1980s and pushed the scientific community to search for in vitro alternatives A number of rabbit models have been developed to study human diseases, the most common being cardiovascular disease, cancer and AIDS They have also been used as bioreactors for the production of pharmaceutical proteins Rabbits or any other kind of animals used in research who are suffering from pain and distress may display a number of signs including lack of appetite, weight loss, selfmutilation, aggression, tremoring and/or vocalization The oversight on scientists engaged in animal testing is imperfect Animals are starved, burned, blinded and go through painful procedures without an aesthetics It goes without saying that animal rights can only be defended by sensible, caring people We have to much more to protest the unnecessary suffering of innocent creatures Activist argues for animals rights Advocacy groups and humanitarians alike have long argued for the rights of animals around the world, fighting for their right as sentient creatures to a life free of torture and 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Protecting species from being extinct The health of an ecosystem is maintained by its plants and animals When species become endangered, it is a sign of an ecosystem’s imbalance This balance is difficult to maintain: the loss of one species often triggers the loss of others When grey wolves were hunted to near-extinction in Yellowstone National Park, beaver populations also decreased significantly This is because elk, without the wolf as its predator, grazed more heavily on plants needed by beavers for winter survival The conservation of endangered species is important for humans as well A well-balanced ecosystem purifies the environment, giving us clean air to breathe, a healthy water system to support diverse marine life, and arable land for agricultural production It also provides us with unique plants with medicinal properties, which serve as the foundation of our medicines When ecosystems fail, our own health is at risk When protecting all the species, we are ultimately protecting ourselves According to estimates of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), nearly 1550 rare and endangered species in the Red Book are in danger of extinction or need to be protected However, the protection of wildlife faces many difficulties and needs the help of everyone Nearly a quarter of all species on Earth need to be populated and thrive in tropical forests However, thousands of hectares of forests are gradually shrinking due to forest exploitation and forest fires caused by nature and humans, causing many species to become extinct The disappearance of many wildlife species is not only due to the environment, but illegal hunting also makes the numbers of wildlife decrease rapidly The protection of wildlife plays an extremely important role in ensuring ecological balance, increasing the sustainability of the living environment, serving agricultural production and facilitating the development of other economic branches Nowadays, governments, nonprofits, international organizations, local communities, and individuals are working together to protect and restore population levels, and drive awareness campaigns to engage others in vital conservation work 199 nations in the 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world have signed the Convention on Biological Diversity to join hands to protect endangered animals The prevention of illegal hunting and trade is urgently needed In addition, the urgent need is to raise people's awareness and understanding of the natural environment in general and the protection of wildlife in particular Student courses, ecosystem training programs, and biodiversity management will make society more aware of the importance of the surrounding environment It seems we have gotten used to the incredibly diverse natural environment that we have forgotten that wildlife also needs to be protected V DISADVANTAGES OF ANIMAL RIGHTS Prevents safety testing Is it enough to save animal lives when the cost is a human life placed in danger or lost? New products and medications that could save people but are considered harmful until tested on certain subjects will never be used if animal testing is no longer allowed It would be even more immoral if test subjects used are humans themselves This may have been going on with clinical trials, but the only difference is that medications used in these trials have already been tested on animals and are considered safe - From the FDA:  Animal testing by manufacturers seeking to market new products may be used to establish product safety In some cases, after considering available alternatives, companies may determine that animal testing is necessary to assure the safety of a product or ingredient  In all cases where animal testing is used, FDA advocates that research and testing derive the maximum amount of useful scientific information from the minimum 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number of animals and employ the most humane methods available within the limits of scientific capability  [The FDA] will continue to be a strong advocate of methodologies for the refinement, reduction, and replacement of animal tests with alternative methodologies that not employ the use of animals - The world becomes more developed day by day thanks to the successfully done inventions and innovations of scientists People who are more educated strive to have a healthy and long life and enjoy it by using all the possible opportunities Unfortunately, the high possibility rate of getting some serious diseases warns people and make them find ways to prevent the further development of the illnesses So, to develop and practice new cures and treatments for people and to provide them with a safe life, scientists use animals while doing their experiments Though many environmentalists argue that it’s not ethically right to use animals for testing purposes, as they also feel physical and psychological pain, the only option to create effective treatments for the humans remains it Stunt research development Testing products on animals might be harmful to them, but many people strongly believe that human life is more valuable than that of animals Either way, animal experimentation can greatly aid in research of new products and medications, speeding up developments in the medical field Some people support the use of animals in testing and determining the safety of new products and drugs on human beings, while others believe that animals should never be used in laboratories and that there are alternative solutions to this Animal testing opens doors in research of new products and medication that will significantly speed up the development in the medicine field Drugs used to prevent and treat cancer, HIV, diabetes, and other serious conditions have all been tested on animals first Animal rights put a stop on such research, risking the lives of humans in the process 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The California Biomedical Research Association states that nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals Experiments in which dogs had their pancreases removed led directly to the discovery of insulin, critical to saving the lives of diabetics The polio vaccine, tested on animals, reduced the global occurrence of the disease from 350,000 cases in 1988 to 27 cases in 2016 Animal research has also contributed to major advances in understanding and treating conditions such as breast cancer, brain injury, childhood leukemia, cystic fibrosis, malaria, multiple sclerosis, tuberculosis, and many others, and was instrumental in the development of pacemakers, cardiac valve substitutes, and anesthetics Chris Abee, Director of the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center's animal research facility, states that "we wouldn't have a vaccine for hepatitis B without chimpanzees," and says that the use of chimps is "our best hope" for finding a vaccine for Hepatitis C, a disease that kills thousands of Americans annually If thalidomide had been properly tested on pregnant animals, its potential for causing severe birth defects would have been discovered before the drug became legal for human use Reduce risk on human lives Because products and medications are first tested on animals, no human lives will be put in danger or lost Exposure of humans to risky substances or possibly hazardous materials will also be cut down, preventing diseases and other side effects Therefore, animal testing ultimately saves humans, even if this is at the expense of non-human animals In 1933, more than a dozen women were blinded and one woman died from using a permanent mascara called Lash Lure Lash Lure contained p-phenylenediamine, an untested chemical At the time, there were no regulations to ensure the safety of products The p-phenylenediamine caused horrific blisters, abscesses, and ulcers on the face, eyelids, and eyes of Lash Lure users, and it led to blindness for some In one case, the ulcers were so severe that a woman developed a bacterial infection and died 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For cosmetic products, the FDA requires that all manufacturers prove the safety of their products This requirement applies to some makeups, perfumes, shampoos, soaps, hair sprays and dyes, and shaving cream For many years, the only way to test the safety of products was on animals However, during the 1980s, many alternative safety tests were developed that did not use animals, reducing the number of animals used for cosmetic testing by 90% Though the number of animals used for cosmetic testing has been greatly reduced, there are still some products like sunscreens, antidandruff shampoos, fluoridecontaining toothpastes, and anti-acne creams that cannot be proven safe without the use of animal testing because they contain ingredients that cause a chemical change in the body that could potentially be harmful Without these safety tests, it would be impossible to ensure that these products are safe for your use Blur the lines between human and animal rights If animals are viewed as humans, distinction between the two species will be blurred Most opponents believe that animals not have the same rights as humans, which means they will never be equal Proponents, however, would say that animals should be free from human exploitation and cruelty, even if they are below humans in the natural world chain If vaccines were not tested on animals, millions of animals would have died from rabies, distemper, feline leukemia, infectious hepatitis virus, tetanus, anthrax, and canine parvo virus Treatments for animals developed using animal testing also include pacemakers for heart disease and remedies for glaucoma and hip dysplasia Animal testing has also been instrumental in saving endangered species from extinction, including the black-footed ferret, the California condor and the tamarins of Brazil Koalas, ravaged by an epidemic of sexually transmitted chlamydia and now classified as endangered in some regions of Australia, are being tested with new chlamydia vaccines that slows the rate of infection and treats early stages of the disease The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) endorses animal testing ASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rights 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According to the research conducted by the Veterinary Medical Association of California, animals share a big list of genetic and behavioral similarities with human beings, which give scientists a chance to ascertain the amount of effectiveness of their created treatments while doing experiments For example, the DNA of chimpanzees and humans has 99% similarities; mice are genetically similar to the human beings with 98% Moreover, the organ system of mammals including heart, kidneys, and lungs is structured similarly with the humans’ one So, by using all of these biological similarities scientists develop such kind of effective forms of treatments which treat a big number of people diagnosed with breast cancer, brain injury, childhood leukemia and other serious illnesses As can be seen, nothing else can replace animals during the process of doing experiments and checking the safety of drugs, just because the most similar being to the human biologically is animal VI IMPORTANCE OF SUPPORTING ANIMAL RIGHTS Ever since the scientific discovery about non-human animals have consciousness in 2012, animal rights activism has always been a hotly debated topic While some people argue that animals are sentient, others believe that humans are the only species deserve moral consideration Animal right activists oppose any mistreats of animals, including trading, confining, breeding or killing them, no matter how "humanely" they are treated The problem is, treating animals humanely is vague idea and means something different to everyone For instance, an egg farmer may think that there is nothing wrong with killing male chicks by grinding them up alive to cut feeding costs versus yield Also, "cage-free eggs" are not as humane as the industry would have us believe In fact, a cagefree egg operation buys their eggs from the same hatcheries that factory farms buy from, and those hatcheries kill the male chicks as well For whatever reason, the real question is: Why should animals have rights? ASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rights ASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rights In the book Animal Liberation, Peter Singer states that the basic principle of equality does not require equal or identical treatment; it requires equal consideration This is an important distinction when talking about animal rights People often ask if animals should have rights, and quite simply, the answer is “Yes!” Animals surely deserve to live their lives free from suffering and exploitation Jeremy Bentham, the founder of the reforming utilitarian school of moral philosophy, stated that when deciding on a being’s rights, “The question is not ‘Can they reason?’ nor ‘Can they talk?’ but ‘Can they suffer?’” In that passage, Bentham points to the capacity for suffering as the vital characteristic that gives a being the right to equal consideration The capacity for suffering is not just another characteristic like the capacity for language or higher mathematics All animals have the ability to suffer in the same way and to the same degree that humans They feel pain, pleasure, fear, frustration, loneliness, and motherly love Whenever we consider doing something that would interfere with their needs, we are morally obligated to take them into account Supporters of animal rights believe that animals have an inherent worth—a value completely separate from their usefulness to humans We believe that every creature with a will to live has a right to live free from pain and suffering Animal rights is not just a philosophy—it is a social movement that challenges society’s traditional view that all nonhuman animals exist solely for human use As PETA founder Ingrid Newkirk has said, “When it comes to pain, love, joy, loneliness, and fear, a rat is a pig is a dog is a boy Each one values his or her life and fights the knife.” Only prejudice allows us to deny others the rights that we expect to have for ourselves Whether it’s based on race, gender, sexual orientation, or species, prejudice is morally unacceptable If you wouldn’t eat a dog, why eat a pig? Dogs and pigs have the same capacity to feel pain, but it is prejudice based on species that allows us to think of one animal as a companion and the other as dinner ASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rights ASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rightsASSIGNMENT.REPORT.course.introductory.ethics.topic.animal.rights