(Luận văn thạc sĩ) study on the effect of component content on mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber powder plastic composite material

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION PROJECT MACHINE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY h STUDY PN THE EFFECT OF COMPONENT CONTENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COCONUT COIR FIBER POWDER-PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL ADVISOR: PhD NGUYEN NHUT PHI LONG STUDENT: TRUONG AN HA NHAT TRUONG SKL009914 Ho Chi Minh city, February 2023 HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING CAPSTONE PROJECT STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF COMPONENT CONTENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COCONUT COIR FIBER POWDERPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL h Advisor: Ph.D NGUYEN NHUT PHI LONG Student name: TRUONG AN Student ID: 18144006 Student name: HA NHAT TRUONG Student ID: 18143050 Academic year: 2018 - 2022 Ho Chi Minh City, 18th February 2023 HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING CAPSTONE PROJECT STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF COMPONENT CONTENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COCONUT COIR FIBER POWDERPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL h Advisor: Ph.D NGUYEN NHUT PHI LONG Student name: TRUONG AN Student ID: 18144006 Student name: HA NHAT TRUONG Student ID: 18143050 Academic year: 2018 - 2022 Ho Chi Minh City, 18th February 2023 THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness -Ho Chi Minh City, February, 2023 ADVISOR’S EVALUATION SHEET Student name: TRUONG AN Student ID: 18144006 Student name: HA NHAT TRUONG Student ID: 18143050 Major: Mechanical Engineering Technology, Machine Manufacturing Technology Project title: Study on the effect of component content on mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber powderplastic composite material Advisor: Ph.D Nguyen Nhut Phi Long EVALUATION Content of the project: h Strengths: Weaknesses: Approval for oral defense? (Approved or denied) Overall evaluation: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor) Mark:…………….(in words: ) Ho Chi Minh City, February, 2023 ADVISOR (Sign with full name) THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness -Ho Chi Minh City, February, 2023 PRE-DEFENSE EVALUATION SHEET Student name: TRUONG AN Student ID: 18144006 Student name: HA NHAT TRUONG Student ID: 18143050 Major: Mechanical Engineering Technology, Machine Manufacturing Technology Project title: Study on the effect of component content on mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber powderplastic composite material Advisor: Ph.D Nguyen Nhut Phi Long Name of Reviewer: Ph.D Nguyen Van Thuc EVALUATION Content of the project: h Strengths: Weaknesses: Approval for oral defense? (Approved or denied) Overall evaluation: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor) Mark:…………….(in words: ) Ho Chi Minh City, February, 2023 REVIEWER (Sign with full name) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As the name suggests, a CAPSTONE PROJECT is a subject that synthesizes all knowledge and is the final requirement to complete a university education program, and this is also a time to look back on the road that I have experienced We are the lucky ones to have the opportunity to study at the University of Technology and Education of Ho Chi Minh City, receive helpful knowledge from the excellent lecturers here, and have the opportunity to meet friends, and the seniors are willing to share their experiences with the juniors Along with that, the school always creates opportunities for students to meet, exchange ideas, and learn through organizing business trips and seminars And especially the school also favors students by annually organizing "Job Day" Thanks to these events, many students can internships and jobs with businesses and companies that match their requirements We would also like to thank our parents and relatives sincerely Those who contributed to our upbringing have created conditions that have allowed us to progress to where we are today To complete this capstone project, our team did not forget to express our deep respect and gratitude to the following: Ph.D Nguyen Nhut Phi Long, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, spent his precious time helping and creating the best conditions for the team to complete the project successfully Teammates DT52 and Ph.D Tran Van Tron helped us during the mold design and fabrication process to complete the specimen pouring experiment h Once again, we also not forget to thank the teachers at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education for their dedication to teaching and imparting the knowledge and foundation for us to complete the assigned project successfully We sincerely thank you! Students Truong An Ha Nhat Truong ABSTRACTS Project name h STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF COMPONENT CONTENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COCONUT COIR FIBER POWDERPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL In today's world, with the continuous development and innovation of materials in general, and composite materials in particular, the requirements and requirements for mechanical properties are becoming increasingly concerned and enhanced and must be taken into account more optimization After studying the problem through articles and documents, we found that the mechanical properties of composite materials depend not only on the materials they are made of but also on the content of each component that makes them up as hardeners and fillers Because we want to learn more and find out the ratio of components to create the optimal mechanical properties of composite materials, today we would like to the topic "Study on the effect of component content on mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber powder-plastic composite material" In this topic, we have studied the mechanical properties of composite materials with the combination of epoxy, hardener, and coir powder, with coir powder content of 6%, 8%, and 10%, while the ratio of epoxy and hardener is 3:1, 3:1.5, and 3:2 Because of the time-limited and lack of knowledge in many aspects, the team's product has mechanical properties that are not as perfect as expected Therefore, these initial obstacles are a premise for us to understand better the material's properties and components and a stepping stone for the team to improve the mechanical properties even further Students Truong An Ha Nhat Truong CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The urgency 1.2 Scientific and practical significance 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Object and scope 1.4.1 Object 1.4.2 Scope 1.5 Methodology 1.5.1 Methodological basis 1.5.2 Methodology 1.5.3 Structure CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS h 2.1 Coconut coir fiber powder 2.1.1 Concept and origin: [1] 2.1.2 Feature: 2.1.3 Aplication: [7] 2.1.4 How to recognize coconut coir fiber powder in the market: [1] 2.1.5 A process of treating coconut fiber powder [8] 2.1.5.a Why is it necessary to treat coconut coir fiber powder? 2.1.5.b Treatment: 2.2 Introduce plastics: 2.2.1 PE plastic 2.2.1.1 Introduction: 2.2.1.2 Structural formula: 2.2.1.3 Classify Polyethylene: [I] There are types of PE: 2.2.1.3a LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) 2.2.1.3b HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) 2.2.1.3c UHMW PE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) 2.2.1.4 Typical: [I] 2.2.1.5 Application: [I] 10 2.2.2 PP plastic 11 2.2.2.1 Introduction: [15] 11 2.2.2.2 Structural formula: 11 2.2.2.3 Classify: [15] 12 2.2.2.4 Typical: [II] 13 2.2.2.5 Application: [15] 14 2.2.3 P.V.C plastic 15 2.2.3.1 Introduction: [17] 15 2.2.3.2 Structure formula: 15 2.2.3.3 Classify: [17] 16 h 2.2.3.4 Typical: [III] 17 2.2.3.5 Application: [19] 18 2.2.4 A.B.S plastic 18 2.2.4.1 Introduction: 18 2.2.4.2 Structural formula: 19 2.2.4.3 Typical: [IV] 20 2.2.4.4 Application: 20 2.2.5 PS plastic 22 2.2.5.1 Introduction: [25] 22 2.2.5.2 Structure fomula: 22 2.2.5.3 Classify: [27] 22 2.2.5.4 Typical: [V] 23 2.2.5.5 Application: [27] 23 2.2.6 P.L.A plastic 25 2.2.6.1 Introduction: [33] 25 2.2.6.2 Structure formula: 25 2.2.6.3 Classify: [35] 25 2.2.6.4 Typical: [35] 26 2.2.6.5 Application: [35] 26 2.2.7 Epoxy 26 2.2.7.1 Introduction: [36] 26 2.2.7.2 Structure formula: 27 2.2.7.3 Classify: 27 2.2.7.4 Typical: [39] 27 2.2.7.5 Application: [40] 28 2.3 Introduction to mechanical properties [vi] 29 2.3.1 Tensile Strength: 29 h 2.3.1.1 Test specimen standard: 29 2.3.1.1.1 Specimen size: 29 2.3.1.1.2 Quantity: 30 2.3.1.1.3 Tensile Testing Machine: 30 2.3.1.1.4 Test specimen speed: 30 2.3.2 Compression Strength: [VI] 31 2.3.2.1 Specimen standard: 31 2.3.2.1.1 Specimen size: 31 2.3.2.1.2 Quantity: 32 2.3.2.1.3 Tensile Testing Machine: 32 2.3.2.1.4 Test specimen speed: 32 2.3.3 Flexural Strengh: [VI] 32 2.3.3.1 Specimen standard: 32 + Specimen with 10% coconut coir fiber powder: Table 3.2 3:1 force value with 10% coconut coir fiber powder 310 = 92.2 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 311 layer 135.2 > 311 layers 56.7 Least durable 311 layers 152.4 Most durable → Comment: the results show that with 10% coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:1H, then:  Layer most durable: layers (152.4 kgf > 92.2 kgf) Layer least durable: layers (56.7 kgf < 92.2 kgf) + Specimen with 8% coconut coir fiber powder: Table 3.3 3:1 force value with 8% coconut coir fiber powder 310 = 92.2 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 120.6 > layer 310.8 layers 131.1 Most durable 310.8 layers 121.8 > h 310.8 → Comment: From the results show that with 8% coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:1H, then:  Layer most durable: layers (131.1 kgf > 92.2 kgf) Specimen without coconut coir fiber powder is least durable + Specimen with 6% coconut coir fiber powder: Table 3.4 3:1 force value with 6% coconut coir fiber powder 310 = 92.2 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 310.6 layer 145 > 310.6 layers 158.7 Most durable 310.6 layers 132.6 > 68 → Comment: the results show that with 6% coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:1H, then:  Layer most durable: layers (158.7 kgf > 92.2 kgf) Specimen without coconut coir fiber powder is least durable 3.4.3.2b For the ratio 3E:1.5H The ratio of 31.50 is used as a standard for comparison with samples containing coconut coir fiber powder: The force value of 3:1.5:0 = 42,5 (kgf) Table 3.5 Specimen 3:1.5 h Figure 3.20 Force value chart of specimen in ratio 3E:1.5H (60˚C) 69 + Specimen with 10% coconut coir fiber powder: Table 3.6 3:1.5 force value with 10% coconut coir fiber powder 31.50 = 42.5 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 31.51 layer 50.9 Most durable 31.51 layers 37.4 Least durable 31.51 layers 42.9 > → Comment: the results show that with 10% coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:1.5H, then:  Layer most durable: layer (50.9 kgf > 42.5 kgf) Layer least durable: layers (37.4 kgf < 42.5 kgf) + Specimen with 8% coconut coir fiber powder: Table 3.7 3:1.5 force value with 8% coconut coir fiber powder 31.50 = 42.5 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 27.5 Least durable layer 31.50.8 layers 59.4 Most durable 31.50.8 layers 31.1 < h 31.50.8 → Comment: From the results show that with 8% coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:1.5H, then:  Layer most durable: layers (59.4 kgf > 42.5 kgf) Layer least durable: layer (27.5 kgf < 42.5 kgf) + Specimen with 6% coconut coir fiber powder: Table 3.8 3:1.5 force value parameter with 6% coconut coir fiber powder 31.50 = 42.5 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 31.50.6 layer 70.8 > 31.50.6 layers 81.4 Most durable 31.50.6 layers 72.7 > 70 → Comment: the results show that with 6% coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:1.5H, then:  Layer most durable: layers (81.4 kgf > 42.5 kgf) Specimen without coconut coir fiber powder is least durable 3.4.3.2c For the ratio 3E:2H The ratio of 320 is used as a standard for comparison with samples containing coconut fiber: The force value of 3:2:0 = 4.4 (kgf) Table 3.9 Specimen 3:2 h Figure 3.21 Force value chart of specimen in ratio 3E:2H (60˚C) 71 + Specimen with 10% coconut coir fiber powder: Table 3.10 3:2 force value with 10% coconut coir fiber powder 320 = 4.4 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 321 layer 5.8 > 321 layers 4.1 Least durable 321 layers 7.7 Most durable → Comment: the results show that with 10% coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:2H, then:  Layer most durable: layers (7.7 kgf > 4.4 kgf) Layer least durable: layers (4.1 kgf < 4.4 kgf) + Specimen with 8% coconut coir fiber powder: Table 3.11 3:2 force value with 8% coconut coir fiber powder 320 = 4.4 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 7.4 > layer 320.8 layers 5.3 > 320.8 layers 16.2 Most durable h 320.8 → Comment: the results show that with 8% coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:2H, then:  Layer most durable: layers (16.2 kgf > 4.4 kgf) Specimen without coconut coir fiber powder is least durable + Specimen with 6% coconut coir fiber powder: Table 3.12 3:2 force value parameter with 6% coconut coir fiber powder 320 = 4.4 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 320.6 layer 5.3 > 320.6 layers 2.8 Least durable 320.6 layers 9.9 Most durable 72 → Comment: the results show that with 6% coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:2H, then:  Layer most durable: layers (9.9 kgf > 4.4 kgf) Layer least durable: layers (2.8 kgf < 4.4 kgf) ➡ CONCLUSION: - About the ratio: Overall, with 6% coconut fiber powder combined with epoxy and hardener, we obtained the best result as this specimen has the highest tensile strength It outperforms the other two fiber ratios of 8% and 10% - About the number of layers: + For the ratio 3E:1H and 3E:1.5H, the number of layers is with higher strength than 3E:2H with the same number of layers + The 3E:2H ratio is the opposite Due to the nature of the sample being more flexible than the two ratios mentioned above Therefore, it yields the same result of layers with the highest strength So: h • With the ratio of 3E:1H and 3E:1.5H combined with 6% coconut fiber - layers give the best tensile strength • On the contrary, with the ratio of 3E:2H, all ratios of layers are the least durable 3.4.3.3 The tensile strength of the specimen at 25-30˚C 3.4.3.3a For the ratio of 3E:1H The ratio of 310 was used as a standard to compare with samples containing coconut fiber powder: The force value of 3:1:0 = 214 (kgf) Table 3.13 Specimen 3:1 73 Figure 3.22 Force value chart of specimen in ratio 3E:1H (25-30˚C) h Table 3.14 3:1 force value with 10%,8% and 6% coconut coir fiber powder 310 = 214 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 311 89.5 Least durable 310.8 185.7 < 310.6 137.3 < → Comment: the results show that with ratio coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:1H, then:  Specimen without coconut coir fiber powder is most durable (214 kgf) Ratio 311 is least durable (89.5 kgf < 214kgf) 3.3.3.3b For the ratio of 3E:1.5H The ratio of 31.50 was used as a standard to compare with samples containing coconut fiber powder: The force value of 3:1.5:0 = 72.1 (kgf) 74 Table 3.15 Specimen 3:1.5 h Figure 3.23 Force value chart of specimen in ratio 3E:1.5H (25-30˚C) Table 3.16 3:1.5 force value with 10%, 8% and 6% coconut coir fiber powder 31.50 = 72.1 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 31.51 72.4 Most durable 31.50.8 51.2 < 31.50.6 59 < 75 → Comment: the results show that with ratio coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:1.5H, then:  The specimen with 10% fiber content has the highest tensile strength (72.4 kgf), which is only 0.3 kgf higher than that of the specimen without fiber Ratio 31.50.8 least durable (51.2 kgf < 72.1 kgf) 3.3.3.3b For the ratio 3E:2H The ratio of 31.50 was used as a standard to compare with samples containing coconut fiber powder: The force value of 3:2:0 = 4.7 (kgf) Table 3.17 Specimen 3:2 h Figure 3.24 Force value chart of specimen in ratio 3E:2H (25-30˚C) 76 Table 3.18 3:2 force value with 10%,8% and 6% coconut coir fiber powder 320 = 4.7 (kgf) Strength (kgf) Compare 320 3.6 Least durable 320.8 3.9 < 320.6 4.4 < → Comment: the results show that with ratio coconut coir fiber powder, combined with 3E:2H, then:  Specimen without coconut coir fiber powder is most durable (4.7 kgf) Ratio 311 is least durable (3.6 kgf < 4.7kgf) ➡ CONCLUSION: h At room temperature, the results of the specimen's strength are relatively different from using a temperature of 60°C Specifically: + The specimen without fiber at a temperature of 25-30°C has the highest strength compared to specimens with coconut fiber + The 3E:1.5H ratio specimens at a temperature of 25-30°C are more durable than the specimens at a temperature of 60°C with the same number of layers + The 3E:2H ratio specimens at a temperature of 25-30°C are less durable than the specimens at a temperature of 60°C with the same number of layers Thus: The coconut coir fiber powder composition is not optimal when added at this temperature Compare tensile strength of specimen at ratios with temperature conditions: Table 3.19 Compare force value between 1-layer specimen ratio at 60˚C and 2530˚C 77 CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ❖ CONCLUSION In the period of months, with perseverance and continuous effort, our DT75 group has accomplished some tasks and achieved the following results: ➢ Research on the properties of common plastics on the market in general, and epoxy resin in particular, has been studied extensively both domestically and internationally ➢ Researching the theoretical basis related to Epoxy and coconut fiber powder, as well as testing methods for tensile, compressive, flexuaral, impact strength, etc ➢ Developing problems related to the issue of temperature and the number of layers related to the hardeness time of Epoxy From that, we can understand the differences in tensile strength between different specimen ratios ➢ Identify suitable mold-making materials for this type of Epoxy resin h ➢ The conclusion can be drawn about what percentage of coconut fiber and at what temperature conditions it can be combined with Epoxy and hardener to produce a product with mechanical properties equal to or better than the pure material However, due to the time constraints and our limited knowledge, the research process encountered some difficulties and shortcomings If possible, we would like to test the samples on other types of strength tests such as bending, compression, impact, and other plastics besides Epoxy, as well as expand our knowledge in this field even further At the same time, due to our limited knowledge and information sources, our evaluation is not yet completely comprehensive and accurate ❖ FUTURE WORK If we had more time, the DT75 group would like to further enhance our professional knowledge, as well as conduct research on mechanical testing methods and other types of plastics in the field of mold making to create valuable and environmentally friendly products If we can this, we believe that we can help contribute to our own development and make a small contribution to the 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