(Luận văn) labor supply of vietnamese brides households a case study in vinh long

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING t to ng UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY hi - - ep w n lo ad ju y th yi pl al n ua NGUYEN THI NHUNG n va ll fu oi m at nh LABOR SUPPLY OF VIETNAMESE BRIDES A CASE STUDY IN VINH LONG z z HOUSEHOLDS ht vb k jm om l.c gm MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY THESIS n a Lu n va y te re HO CHI MINH CITY - 2013 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING t to ng UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY hi FULBRIGHT ECONOMICS TEACHING PROGRAM ep - - w n lo ad ju y th NGUYEN THI NHUNG yi pl ua al n LABOR SUPPLY OF VIETNAMESE BRIDES n va ll fu HOUSEHOLDS A CASE STUDY IN VINH LONG oi m nh at Public Policy Major z Code: 60340402 z ht vb k jm MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY THESIS om l.c DR JONATHAN R PINCUS gm SUPERVISOR n a Lu n va y te re HO CHI MINH CITY - 2013 -i- t to CERTIFICATION ng hi ep I certify that I wrote this thesis myself w n I certify that the substance of the thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and lo ad is not being currently submitted for any other degree y th ju I certify that any help and all sources have been acknowledged in this thesis with my best yi of knowledge pl ua al The study does not necessary reflect the views of the Ho Chi Minh City Economics n University or Fulbright Economics Teaching Program va n Author ll fu oi m Nguyen Thi Nhung at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re -ii- To my family, friends, FETP and my supervisor Dr Jonathan R Pincus t to For the foundation of love ng hi ep And the structure of support w n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re -iii- TABLE OF CONTENS t to CERTIFICATION i ng hi TABLE OF CONTENS iii ep ABSTRACT vi w ABBREVIATIONS vii n lo LIST OF TABLES viii ad y th LIST OF FIGURES ix ju LIST OF BOXES x yi pl CHAPTER INTRODUCTION al n ua 1.1 Problem statement n va 1.2 Research statement of the study ll fu 1.3 Study objectives oi m 1.4 Data and methodology at nh 1.4.1 Data 1.4.2 Methodology z z ht vb 1.5 The structure of the study jm CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW k 2.1 Relevant concepts gm l.c 2.2 Theoretical background om 2.2.1 The hours of work decision an Lu 2.2.2 The hours of work changes when non-labor income changes 2.3 Empirical studies of labor supply ey 3.2 The structure of the survey t re 3.1 Research method n CHAPTER RESEARCH METHOD va 2.4 Conclusion -iv- 3.3 Survey sample size and sampling method 10 t to 3.4 Data collection instrument 11 ng hi 3.5 Limitations of the survey 11 ep HOUSEHOLDS IN VINH LONG 13 w n lo 4.1 Basic information 13 ad 4.2 Transnational marriages affect the livelihood strategies of the relevant households 14 y th ju 4.2.1 Property 14 yi pl 4.2.2 Main income 18 al ua 4.2.3 The support of married women 19 n 4.2.4 Changes in hours of work, leisure activities and incomes 25 va n 4.3 Changes in labor supply of male relatives of transnational brides 28 ll fu oi m 4.3.1 Job types, occupations and hours of work 28 nh 4.3.2 Working motivation 31 at 4.4 Unemployment and dependency ratio 36 z z 4.4.1 Dependency ratio 36 vb jm ht 4.4.2 Unemployment 38 k 4.5 The support from male relatives to transnational brides 42 gm 4.6 Conclusion 43 l.c CHAPTER RECOMMENDATION 45 om an Lu 5.1 Households should develop their economics activities and make use of remittances 45 n va 5.2 Education should be available to the people to find job opportunities 45 6.1 Conclusion 47 ey CHAPTER CONCLUSION 47 t re 46 -v- 6.2 Limitations of the study 47 t to REFERENCES 49 ng hi Vietnamese 49 ep English 49 w APPENDIXES 50 n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re -vi- ABSTRACT t to ng This study examines the labor supply of households in Vinh Long Province in which at hi least one female member has left the country after marrying a foreign national It compares ep households in which women marry foreigners voluntarily Transnational marriage has been w n common in many districts of Vinh Long for a long time Women who marry foreigners lo ad contribute to the well-being of their households of origin Households in which y th transnational women have lived abroad have more children and elderly than non- ju households In addition, a large number of laborers in these households not earn money yi and rely on remittances Households with migrants (transnational women) have more pl ua al opportunities for sustainable livelihoods However, they have not made use of the support that the migrant women provide They lack effective strategies to increase their labor n n va income as well as protect their transnational women Men are more likely to move out the ll fu oi household incomes m opportunities for women and stimulating labor supply on the part of men to increase nh at Key words: Labor supply, households, males, transnational marriage, transnational z z women k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re -vii- ABBREVIATIONS t to ng hi ep : Ho Chi Minh City NGO : Non Governmental Organization : Vietnamese Dongs : United State Dollars w HCMC n lo VND ad ju y th USD yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re -viii- LIST OF TABLES t to Table 4.1 The difference of house areas 14 ng hi Table 4.2 The difference of garden and paddy areas of households 17 ep 30 w n 31 lo ad Table 4.5 The hours that men are willing to work more 34 y th Table 4.6 The reasons that men are unwilling to a second job 35 ju yi Table 4.7 Dependency ratios of households 37 pl ua al Table 4.8 Difference of household sizes 37 n Table 4.9 People who move out of labor force in two groups 39 n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re -54- t to ng hi ep Fisher (owner of fish farm) Food/rice or rubbish collector Charcoal collector Shop owner or grocer w n Retailer (in street without stable premise) lo ad Transporter (kind of vehicles) y th Transport (hired worker) 11 Worker in construction, mason 12 Carpenter 13 Craftsman (weaving jobs) 14 Worker (kind of business) 15 Causal workers 16 Housemaid 17 Waiter (hotel/restaurant/food course) 18 Technician (electric, engineering, water) ju 10 yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z jm ht vb 19 k gm Teacher 21 Office staff 22 Other jobs (in detail) 23 Not working because property for lease n va ey t re b an Lu support * Add the working hour per week if possible a om 24 l.c 20 Buy paddy or garden -55- c t to d ng hi ep e Saving in bank f Loan with interest g Take part in a tontine h Change jobs (detail of new jobs) w n i lo j Maintain current business Afford children to learn foreign languages ad Have no plan now Are you willing to work over time? ju y th k yi a al Are you willing to take second job? ua pl b n a va b n ll fu Part 4: Working status of members m oi Employment (with income) Code In a month In months In a year at In a week Unemployment nh No z z k jm ht vb b Be dismissed because employers collapse or curtail c Be dismissed because employers not hire more d Lose properties (sell land, vehicle, shop or franchise) e Bored of previous job n f va Had a support from relatives an Lu a om If you are unemployment, please tell your reason why you quit your job? l.c gm h Sick or retirement i Busy to tak Are you willing to work over time? ey Wait for a suitable job t re g -56- a t to b ng Are you willing to take second job? hi a ep b w Part 5: The support of married women n Monthly expenses ad a) According to you, what are the main supports from your married women? lo New jobs for relatives c) Buy furniture/instrument or device at home d) Pay healthcare payment e) Build a new house f) Buy properties to run business ju y th b) yi pl n ua va n h) fu Help other relatives marrying foreigners ll i) al g) m j) oi nh k) Family has lost one laborer and decreased income m) Family had to support the married women If your daughters come back permanently, how can you help them? a Housing b Land c Money d Food e New jobs at l) z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm f In general, how does your family change after your daughter/sister get married? a va n b ey t re c d an Lu How you feel about cross border marriage? -57- APPENDIX Monthly average income per capita at current price t to Thousand VND 2008 501 604 938 681 839 447 566 879 1060 515 622 490 Vung Liem District Tam Binh District 461 Binh Minh District 467 Tra On District 447 - - 2009 2010 2011 hi 2006 ua ng 2005 1,104 1,239 1,570 1,638 1,835 2,302 1,007 1,133 1,436 1,652 1,849 2,319 955 1,123 1,245 1,550 611 940 1,105 1,228 1,534 602 916 1,078 1,208 1,501 600 932 1,095 1,223 1,521 fu ep Whole province 933 1,097 1,225 1,528 598 915 1,075 1,193 1,485 1,085 1,219 1,507 By urban, rural w n Urban lo ad Rural y th By district ju Vinh Long City yi Long Ho District 1,383 851 1,421 pl al Mang Thit District n 452 n va 601 ll oi 923 at nh Source: Vinh Long Statistical Yearbook (2012) m Binh Tan District z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re -58- APPENDIX The occupations of Taiwanese men and Vietnamese women t to ng hi ep w n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu Source: n va ey t re -59- APPENDIX t to Group ng hi No Kinds of household Houses Group Ratio (%) Houses Ratio (%) ep w One household with many rooms 100 89% 51 91% Many households with many rooms 8% 5% Separate apartment 2% 1% 2% 29 26% 9% 14 13% 11% 55 49% 31 55% 14 13% 14 25% 29 26% 13% 47 42% 24 43% 22 20% 14 25% 4% 11% 3% 5% 4% 0% n lo Temporary building/tent ad 0% ju y th Roof's materials Concrete Tile (glazed tile or clay tile) Metal tile/corrugated iron/cement fibro yi pl n va Wall materials n ua al Leaves/ grasses/ bamboos Brick/ stone Wooden/ metal Ground/ leaves/gypsum Bamboos/plywood Others ll Concrete at fu oi m nh z z vb jm ht 1% Floor materials k Concrete 19 17% Wooden 1% gm 7% Ceramic tile 52 46% 23 41% Refined brick 35 31% 22 Terra cotta 4% Clay or ground 3% 9% Cement 0% 4% om l.c an Lu 39% 0% n va ey t re Source: ad ju y th -60- yi pl n ua al n va APPENDIX Differences of durable goods between two groups Group Kinds of furnishings m ll fu Group No Mean Variance Mean P(T