Luyện chuyên sâu anh 12 thí từ vựng và ngữ pháp unit 1 life stories

UNIT LIFE STORIES (TIỂU SỬ) A VOCABULARY New words achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ (n) anonymous Meaning thành tích, thành tựu ẩn danh, giấu tên /əˈnɒnɪməs/ (adj) dedication /ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n) diagnose cống hiến, hiến dâng, tận tụy chẩn đoán (bệnh) /ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz/ (v) distinguished kiệt xuất, lỗi lạc /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/ (adj) Picture Example This new album is one of his greatest achievements Album thành tựu tuyệt vời anh For reasons of personal safety, the customer wishes to remain anonymous Để đảm bảo an toàn cá nhân, khách hàng mong muốn giấu tên I admire Uncle Ho for his dedication to our country Tôi ngưỡng mộ Bác Hồ cống hiến Bác cho đất nước He was diagnosed with lung cancer last year Anh bị chẩn đoán mắc bệnh ung thư phổi vào năm ngoái He had a distinguished career in medicine Ơng có nghiệp lỗi lạc ngành y tế figure nhân vật /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ (n) generosity /ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti/ (n) rộng lượng, tính hào phóng She is a famous political figure in the world Bà trị gia tiếng giới You shouldn't let other people take advantage of your generosity Bạn khơng nên để người khác lợi dụng lịng tốt hospitalization /ˌhɒspɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ nhập viện, đưa vào bệnh viện (n) influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ (adj) có ảnh hưởng lớn /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/ (n) tính kiên trì, bền chí prosthetic leg chân giả perseverance /prɒsˈθetɪk leg/ etɪk leg/ (n.p) reputation danh tiếng /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/ (n) respectable /rɪˈspektəbl/ (adj) đáng kính, đứng đắn Because of the severity of the accident, the patient required hospitalization Do vụ tai nạn nghiêm trọng, bệnh nhân bắt buộc phải nhập viện He is the most influential person in the company Ồng người có tầm ảnh hưởng lớn công ty She showed hard work and perseverance in the face of difficulty Cô thể cần cù kiên trì phải đối mặt với khó khăn After getting used to my prosthetic leg, I traveled to many different places to explore the world Sau làm quen với việc mang chân giả, chu du nhiều nơi để khám phá giới After winning this contest, she gained a reputation as a first-class cook Sau chiến thắng thi này, cô giành danh tiếng đầu bếp hạng I think that you'll look more respectable if you wear this suit Tôi nghĩ trông anh đứng đắn mặc com-lê talented /ˈtỉləntɪd/ (adj) có tài năng, có khiếu Lionel Messi is a talented football player waver /ˈweɪvə(r)/ (V) dao động, phân vân Lionel Messi cầu thủ bóng đá tài I'm wavering between buying a house in this city or moving away Tôi phân vân việc mua nhà thành phố chuyển đến nơi khác B GRAMMAR I THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) VS THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) The past simple tense (Thì khứ đơn) a Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) S + V(past) (+ O) They went to the cinema last night Negative (Phủ định) S + did not/ didn't + V(bareinf) (+ O) They didn't go to the cinema last night Interrogative (Nghi vấn) Did + S +V(bare-inf) (+ O)? Did they go to the cinema last night? b Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc thời điểm khứ (finished actions or events) E.g: I saw him at the airport yesterday (Hôm qua nhìn thấy anh sân bay.) My aunt sent me a letter two days ago (Cách ngày cô gửi thư cho tôi.) - Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại khứ (repeated actions) E.g: I played soccer three times a week when I was at school (Lúc tơi cịn học tơi chơi bóng đá lần lần.) She went to Paris twice last year (Năm ngối đến Pari lần.) - Diễn tả thói quen khứ (past habits) E.g: She visited her parents every Sunday (Vào chủ nhật đến thăm bố mẹ.) We often went swimming every afternoon (Vào buổi chiều chúng tơi thường bơi.) - Diễn tả tình trạng hay tình khứ Did you have a car when you were young? (Có phải bạn có tơ bạn cịn trẻ không?) - Diễn tả chuỗi hành động xảy liên tiếp khứ (sequences of actions) E.g: He ran to the car, jumped in and raced off into the night c Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases) Một số cụm từ thời gian dùng khứ đơn: yesterday, last night/week/month/year, etc., two days/ weeks/months, etc ago, in 2000, at that moment, then, suddenly, when The past continuous tense (Thì khứ tiếp diễn) a Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) S + was/ were + V-ing (+O) My brother was reading books at this time last night Negative (Phủ định) S + was/ were + not + V-ing (+O) My brother wasn't reading books at this time last night Interrogative (Nghi vấn) Was/Were + S +V-ing (+O)? Was your brother reading books at this time last night? b Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm cụ thể khứ (actions in progress at a point of time in the past) E.g: At o'clock yesterday, I was doing the homework (Vào lúc hôm qua làm tập nhà.) - Diễn tả hành động diễn khoảng thời gian khứ (actions in progress over a period of time) E.g: My husband was working hard all day (Chồng làm việc vất vả suốt ngày.) Note: Các cụm từ thời gian all day, all the morning, thường dùng trường hợp - Diễn tả tình huống/ việc tạm thời thay đổi khứ (temporary or changing situations in the past) E.g: At the time, I was working for a bank in this cit (a temporary situation) I was becoming bored with the job, so I decided to change (a changing situation) - Diễn tả hành động diễn hành động khác xen vào khứ (an action was in progress when another action happened/ interrupted it) E.g: We were having dinner when someone knocked at/on the door (Chúng ăn tối có gõ cửa.) - Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động xảy song song lúc khứ (two or more actions in progress at the same time in the past) E.g: While I was cooking dinner, my husband was playing computer games (Trong tơi nấu bữa tối chồng chơi điện tử.) - Diễn tả hành động lặp lại nhiều lần khứ gây khó chịu, bực (mang nghĩa tiêu cực) Cách dùng thường kèm với trạng từ "always/ constantly" E.g: The old man was always complaining about the noise in the area Note: Chúng ta khơng thường dùng khứ tiếp diễn với động từ tình trạng, cảm xúc, sở hữu, tri giác như: be, cost, belong, own, have, feel, hear, hate, like, c Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases) Các cụm từ thời gian thường dùng như: while, as, when, meanwhile, at that time, all the morning/ afternoon/ day, etc ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Write the words in the correct order I/ the bus/ caught/ yesterday/ to work/  it was raining/because/ didn't/ she/ for a walk/ go/  I got/TV/ when/ watching/ my/ brother/ was/ home/  break/your arm/you/how/did/?  last summer/ in a beautiful village/ spent/ we/  last night/ Sally/ what/ was/ wearing/ at the party/?  a loud party/ while/ my neighbors/I/ were having/ to study,/ was trying/  you/ to the cinema/ last night/ did/ go/?  Bài 2: Choose the correct answer in the bracket Last night I _ on my thesis and it took me a while to realise that my phone was ringing (work/ was working) When you _ I was in a meeting so I couldn't answer your call (called/ were calling) David can never agree with Tim They _ (always argue/ are always arguing) Why did you disagree with me at the meeting? _ to make me look incompetent? (Did you try/Were you trying) Daisy _ the buffet while I was seeing to the drinks (prepared/ was preparing) Tim _ home when the accident happened (walked/ was walking) I _ to work, even when it rained (was always walking/ always walked) Kelly _ her speech when I walked in (was finishing/ finished) Bài 3: Put the verbs into the past simple or past continuous tense I used my time well while I (wait) _ for the train - I wrote some emails I (not/work) _ when my boss walked in my office I was on Facebook I saw a car crash when I (wait) _ for the taxi Tom (have) _ long hair and a beard when he was at university It started raining while I (drive) _ to work 6 What (you/do) _ this time last year? I (not/call) _ you at 10 o'clock as arranged because I was having a meeting I (stiIl/sleep) _ when my husband left for work this morning Bài 4: Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense, past simple or past continuous Use the passive form if necessary When she heard the phone ring, she _ (stop) reading to answer it My mother _ (read), so she didn't see me walking past When the accident happened, thousands of people _ (pass) through the airport I _ (have) English lessons every week from the age of four onwards They decided to leave the beach because it _ (get) dark and they wanted to get home while there was still some light Kate already _ (think) of leaving university before she failed her first year exams? Since your house had a pool, you _ (swim) every day? The disaster _ (attract) hundreds of people from the country to the city Sorry I couldn't come on Monday, I _ (work) on my project 10 The national park _ (create) to protect wildlife Bài 5: Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense Last night, while I was doing my homework, Hoa (1 call) _ She said she (2 call) _ me on her cell phone from her biology classroom I asked her if she (3 wait) _ for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall lecturing while she (4 talk) _ to me I couldn't believe she (5 make) _ a phone call during the lecture I asked what was going on She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (6 sleep, actually) _ in class Some of the students (7 talk) _ about their plans for the weekend and the student next to her (8 draw) _ a picture of a horse When Hoa (9 tell) _ me she was not satisfied with the class, I (10 mention) _ that my biology professor was quite good and (11 suggest) _ that she switch to my class While we were talking, I (12 hear) _ her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead I (13 hang) _ up the phone and went to the kitchen to make dinner As I (14 cut) _ vegetables for a salad, the phone rang once again It (15 be) _ Hoa, but this time she wasn't sitting in class II ARTICLES (MẠOTỪ) Mạo từ xác định "The" Mạo từ "the" thường dùng trước danh từ số danh từ số nhiều nói vật, việc xác định E.g: The book I read yesterday is on the table  Một số quy tắc Chúng ta dùng "the" trường hợp sau: - Khi vật thể hay nhóm vật thể xem E.g: The sun; the world; the atmosphere; the sky; the ground; the sea; the earth; - Khi người nói người nghe biết đến thứ nói tới E.g: Could you open the door please? (Cả người nói lẫn người nghe biết cửa nào) - Trước danh từ xác định cụm từ hay mệnh đề E.g: The girl in uniform; The doctor that I met; The place where I waited for you - Trước so sánh tính từ E.g: She is the most beautiful girl in this class - Trước tên loại nhạc cụ E.g: Can you play the guitar? I like listening to the piano (but) I've just bought a guitar and a piano - Trước danh từ số đại diện cho nhóm (tên động vật, thực vật, phát minh, phận thể, ) E.g: The dodo is an extinct bird Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone He hit me on the head - Trước thập kỷ kỷ E.g: The 1800s; The twenties - Trước cụm từ thời gian nơi chốn E.g: The morning/afternoon/evening; The future/present/past; The north/south/west/east; The front/back/ middle/top/bottom - Trước số thứ tự E.g: The first/second day; the sixth lesson - Khi người nói nói đến danh từ cụ thể E.g: Coffee originated in Ethiopia, (general) The coffee I had this morning was Brazilian - Trước tên quốc gia, bang, thành phố, trường học có chứa "of", trước quốc gia có tên số nhiều có tính từ tên, ngoại trừ Great Britain E.g: The United States of America; The State of Florida; The City of Boston; The University of Texas; The Netherlands;The Philippines - Trước tên núi, sông, quần đảo, vịnh, biển, đại dương, tên sách, báo tên tàu E.g: The Thai Binh river; the Times; the Pacific Ocean, the Sahara - Trước vùng, miền địa lý, châu lục E.g: The Middle East;The Orient (but) Europe; Asia - Trước tên lĩnh vực học thuật chúng có chứa "of" E.g: The history of the United States - Trước tên chiến tranh E.g: The war of Independence; the civil war; the second World War (but World War II) - Trước tính từ để tạo nên danh từ chung nhóm người E.g: The rich are not always happy The Japanese work very hard - Trước danh từ riêng số nhiều để vợ chồng hay họ (cả gia đình) E.g: The Smiths always go fishing at the weekend Mạo từ bất định A/An - "A" đứng trước phụ âm nguyên âm có phiên âm phụ âm: + a girl; a game; a boat; a book + a university /aˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/; a European /aˌjʊərəˈpiːən/; a one-parent family; a year /a jɪə / - "An" đứng trước nguyên âm âm câm (U, E, O, A, I): + an orange; an umbrella; an egg + an hour/an ˈaʊər /; an honest child /an ˈɒnɪst tʃaɪld /; an honour/an ˈɑːnər / - "An" đứng trước mẫu ký tự đặc biệt đọc nguyên âm bắt đầu với A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X: + an MP/an ˌem ˈpiː /; an SOS/an ˌes əʊ ˈes /; an X-ray /an ˈeks reɪ /; an MSC /an ˌem es ˈsiː/  Một số quy tắc Chúng ta dùng a/an: - Trước danh từ đếm số với nghĩa E.g: We need a microcomputer/chair/pen - Giới thiệu vể hay vật chung chung, khơng cụ thể chưa đề cập trước E.g: I saw a snake - Khi nói nghề nghiệp E.g: He is an engineer - Trong cụm thành ngữ số lượng E.g: A dozen; a couple; a third; a hundred; a lot of; - Mang nghĩa "per" E.g: Three times a year; $ 10 a day - Trong câu cảm thán với danh từ đếm số E.g: What a pretty girl! - "A" đặt trước Mr/Mrs/Miss + Surname E.g: A Mr Smith a Mrs Smith a Miss Smith A Mr Smith mang nghĩa người đàn ông gọi Smith ngụ ý anh người lạ với người nói Mr Smith, khơng có "a", ngụ ý người nói biết Mr Smith biết tồn anh ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 6: Fill in the blank with the suitable article: a, an, the or x (no article) Are you coming to _ party next Sunday? I bought _ new TV set yesterday I think _ man over there is very ill He can't stand on his feet I watched _ video you had sent me She was wearing _ ugly dress when she met him I am crazy about reading _ history books She is _ beautiful girl Do you want to go to _ cinema where we first met? He is _ engineer 10 He thinks that _ love is what will save us all 11 I like _ blue T-shirt over there better than _ red one 12 Their car does 150 miles hour 13 Where's _ USB drive I lent you last week? 14 Do you still live in _ Ho Chi Minh City? 15 Is your mother working in old office building? 16 Tim's father works as _ electrician 17 The tomatoes are 99 pence _ kilo 18 What you usually have for _ breakfast? 19 Mike has _ terrible headache 20 After this tour you have _ whole afternoon free to explore the city Bài 7: Fill in the bank with a/an, the or x if it isn't necessary to use any article 1 He is _ very nice man They are _ brave girls _ farmhouses in my village were rather poor He told me _ story of his life This is _ good example _ roof of _ house was on fire We are _ students Those were _ interesting books Look at _ top of that tree 10 I am _ good sailor 11 _ frame of that picture is broken 12 John has become _ driver 13 It was _ very long way to go 14 We stopped at _ door of his hut 15 _ cover of my English book is green 16 Mark and Peter were _ good sportsmen 17 _ last days of my stay in London were the most interesting 18 She was _ good actress 19 This _ exception 20 _ banks of _ river were very steep Bài 8: Correct the following sentences, adding articles where necessary Do English drink tea or coffee for breakfast? We returned from two-week holiday in Philippines and Indonesia During the rush hour in Hanoi, it's more convenient to travel by motorbike than to take taxi We had great time in USA last summer Tim decided to become soldier so that he could fight for his country Bài 9: Complete the text by using A, AN, THE or (x) for "no article" for each blank I just received a postcard from (1) _ Smiths, a family I met last year It made me start thinking: When was (2) _ last time I actually sent (3) _ letter or (4) _ postcard to someone? It's strange, (5) _ postal service has been part of (6) _ daily life for (7) _ centuries And suddenly, within (8) _ single generation, (9) _ postal system is on its way to becoming (10) _ thing of (11) _ past These days, (12) _ few people send (13) _ letters Today, (14) _ email is (15) _ far more common way to communicate with (16) _ friends and (17) _ family It's also (18) _ faster and cheaper way to communicate When I send (19) email to (20) _ friend in (21) distant country, (22) _ friend will receive (23) _ email almost immediately What's more, I have the ability to attach (24) _ photograph, (25) _ video, or (26) _ MP3 And I don't even have to buy (27) _ expensive stamp But (28) _ world is changing quickly In (29) _ decade or two, we might all be using (30) _ totally different kind of technology to communicate ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 10: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences We to the hospital to visit Tom when he _ to say that he was fine A were driving - was calling B drove-called C were driving – called D drove-was calling What _ to you last Sunday? A happen B happened C was happening D would happen Last night, we _ for you for ages but you never _ up A waited - showed B would wait - showed C were waiting - were showing D waited - was showing We _ dinner when the light _ off A had-went B were having-went C had been having - went D have had - would have go I _ out last night but at the last minute I _ that I had an English test this morning A was going to go – realized B went – realized C had gone - would realize D would go - have realized Who is _ girl over there with Tom? A the B a C an D ∅ The director needs an assistant with good knowledge of foreign affairs A a B the C any D ∅ What _ terrible weather! Normally _ weather in the UK is not so bad A the-the B a-the C ∅-the D the-a After a busy day, I went to _ bed and had _ most beautiful dream ever A the - the B a - the C a - a D ∅ - the 10 She has visited _ Portugal but she has never been to _ Netherlands A the-the B ∅-the C a – the D a – a Bài 11: Choose the underlined part that needs correction Last month, when my friend (A) was traveling around London by (B) the car, he crashed (C) the car into (D) a tree When she (A) was walking to (B) the library to borrow (C) some books, she (D) was seeing a robbery (A)The biggest problem with eating too (B) much sugar is (C)that it can cause (D) the diabetes (A) The most people need (B) to have a healthy diet and (C) exercise (D) every day Last night, suddenly my mother (A) was deciding to prevent me from using (B) the Internet so we (C) ended up having (D) a quarrel Bài 12: Fill in the blank with A, AN, THE or (x) for "no article" for each blank 1 What's _ longest river in _ world? Is it _ Amazon or _ Nile? I'm terrible at _ geography In 1824, Louis Braille developed _ system of writing for _ blind Quickly, _ system, known as "Braille" after _ inventor, spread from _ France to dozens of _ countries Because she did not speak _ English, she had _ little chance of advancing her career, so she applied for _ year-long English course at _ Cambridge University Tim loves islands He has been to _ Cuba, _ Bali, _ Bahamas, and _ Philippines And _ next year, he wants to go to _ Madagascar Jenifer always says that _ patience is _ virtue, but she is _ least patient person I've ever met Don't you think that's _ little ironic? Every year, _ Smiths go camping in _ Yellowstone National Park But _ next year, they are going to visit Mr Smith's mother in _ South instead Wow, _ cheese is getting so expensive! Look, that cheese costs more than $50 _ pound