(Đồ án hcmute) luxury apartment brg park residence

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION GRADUATION THESIS CIVIL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY DESIGN LUXURY APARTMENT BRG PARK RESIDENCE LECTURER: Assoc Prof TRAN TUAN KIET STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN SKL 010492 Ho Chi Minh City, Feb 2023 HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING CAPSTONE PROJECT LUXYRY APARTMENT BRG PARK RESIDENCE INSTRUCTORS: TRẦN TUẤN KIỆT Assoc Prof STUDENT NAME: NGUYỄN HOÀNG AN STUDENT ID: 17149001 MAJOR: CIVIL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Ho Chi Minh city, February 2023 CAPSTONE PROJECT INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING CAPSTONE PROJECT LUXYRY APARTMENT BRG PARK RESIDENCE INSTRUCTOR: TRẦN TUẤN KIỆT Assoc Prof STUDENT NAME: NGUYỄN HOÀNG AN STUDENT ID: 17149001 MAJOR: CIVIL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Ho Chi Minh city, February 2023 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập – Tự – Hạnh phúc COMMENT OF INSTRUCTOR Student name: NGUYỄN HOÀNG AN Student ID: 17149001 Major: Civil Construction Engineering Technology Project: Design Luxury Apartment BRG PARK RESIDENCE Instructor: TRẦN TUẤN KIỆT Assoc Prof Comment: 1) About the contents and the quantity of implementation: 2) Advantage: 3) Disadvantage: 4) Recommendation for protection or not? 5) Reviews, rates: 6) Score: (By text: ) Ho Chi Minh city, Febuary 13th, 2023 Instructor (Sign & write full name) STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập – Tự – Hạnh phúc COMMENT OF RESPONSER Student name: NGUYỄN HOÀNG AN Student ID: 17149001 Major: Civil Construction Engineering Technology Project: Design Luxury Apartment BRG PARK RESIDENCE Responeser: HÀ DUY KHÁNH Assoc Prof Comment: 1) About the contents and the number of implementation: 2) Advantage: 3) Disadvantage: 4) Recommendation for protection or not? 5) Reviews, rates: 6) Score: (By text: ) Ho Chi Minh city, Febuary 13th, 2023 Responeser (Sign & write full name) STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof FOREWORD First of all, I would like to sincerely thank all the teachers of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education in general and the teachers of the Faculty of Civil Engineering in particular, who have taught me in the past years, from the first steps to learning From basic knowledge to specialized knowledge, it helps me to clearly understand the work of a Civil Engineer in many different aspects The knowledge imparted by the teachers is indispensable baggage in my future career The graduation project ends the study at the university, and at the same time opens up a new direction for us in life in the future The process of making these helps us synthesize a lot of knowledge learned in previous semesters and collect and add new knowledge, thereby training our calculation, research, and problem-solving abilities problems can arise in practice, besides, there are also valuable experiences that will help us a lot in practice later During the time of completing the graduation project, I received the enthusiastic help of Mr Nguyen The Anh as well as other teachers in the Faculty You have helped me have a correct view, more generally about the design, access to the software, and the important calculation methods needed for a Civil engineer It was a valuable experience for me in the future I would like to thank my classmates, who have always stood by me throughout the years Thank you for your cooperation in exchanging, discussing, and providing comments to help the process of making my thesis complete Thank you to my parents and family who have been solid support for me over the years Although I have tried my best, due to limited knowledge and experience, my graduation project cannot avoid errors, I hope to receive your guidance so that I can complete my graduation improve your knowledge Finally, I would like to wish you success and good health so that you can continue your career of imparting knowledge to the next generation Thank you sincerely! Ho Chi Minh city, Febuary 13th, 2023 Student NGUYỄN HOÀNG AN STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof SUMMARY OF THE CAPSTONE PROJECT Student name: NGUYỄN HOÀNG AN Student ID: 17149001 Faculty: Faculty of High Quality Training Major: Civil Construction Engineering Technology Project: Luxury Apartment BRG PARK RESIDENCE Input information: ✓ Architectural record (A little dimension are edited follow Instructor) ✓ Soil Profile (provided by Advitor) A part content of theory and calculations: ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Overview of Architecture Overview of Structure Calculation loads and effects Calculation and design for the typical floor Calculation and design for the stairs Calculation and design for the slab with beams Calculation and design for the pier wall Calculation and design for the foundations Presentation and drawing: ✓ One presentation by Word ✓ Twenty-five drawing A1 (Six architecture drawings, Seven teen structure drawings, Two construction drawings) Instructor: TRẦN TUẤN KIỆT Assoc Prof Assignment date: 30/08/2023 Complete date: 13/02/2023 Ho Chi Minh city, Febuary 13th, 2023 Comfirm of Instructor Comfirm of Faculty Chairman STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 17 1) DEMAND AND PURPOSE OF THE CONSTRUCTION: 17 2) PROJECT INTRODUCTION: 17 3) ARCHITECTURE SOLUTIONS: 18 3.1) Function subdivision ground plan: 18 3.2) Facade and cube solutions: 19 3.2.1) Traffic system solutions: 19 3.2.2) Electric system: 19 3.2.3) Water system: 19 3.2.4) Firefighting: 20 3.2.5) Domestic water drainage: 20 3.2.6) Ventilation and lighting systems: 20 3.2.7) Fire and escape prevention: 20 3.2.8) Lightning protection system: 20 3.2.9) Garbage drainage system: 21 3.2.10) Green space solution: 21 CHAPTER 2: STRUCTURE SOLUTION OF PROJECT 27 1) OVERALL: 27 2) CHOOSE STRUCTURE SOLUTION: 27 2.1) Main load-bearing structural system: 27 2.2) Structural floor system: 28 3) PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL CALCULATION: 29 4) METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL FORCE: 30 5) MATERIALS: 31 6) CHOOSE PRELIMINARY DIMENSION OF STRUCTURE: 31 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof 6.1) Choose preliminary dimension of beam: 31 6.2) Choose preliminary of slab: 32 6.3) Choose preliminary dimension of pier wall: 32 6.4) Choose thickness of cover concrete layer: 33 CHAPTER 3: DESIGN STAIRCASE 35 1) OVERALL: 35 1.1) Dimension of staircase: 35 1.2) Structure of staircase: 35 2) LOADING: 36 2.1) Static load on landing: 36 2.2) Static load on ladder: 37 2.3) Live load: 38 3) CALCULATE REINFORCEMEN: 38 3.1) Calculate internal force by SAP2000 software: 39 3.2) Calculate reinforcement for ladder: 44 3.3) Calculate reinforcement for landing: 44 3.4) Calculate stirrup: 45 3.5) Check deflection: 46 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN SLAB FOR THE TYPICAL FLOOR 49 1) OVERALL: 49 2) LOADING: 49 2.1) Static load: 50 2.2) Live load: 51 3) MODELLING SLAB BY SAFE SOFTWARE: 52 3.1) Calculate internal force method: 52 3.2) Computational model: 52 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof 4) CALCULATE REINFORCEMENT: 59 4.1) Check short-term deflection of slab: 59 4.2) Check long-term deflection of slab: 60 4.3) Calculate reinforcement: 61 4.3.1) Calculate reinforcement from X-direction: 63 4.3.2) Calculate reinforcement from Y-direction: 66 4.4) Check the shear resistance of slab: 69 4.5) Check crack width in slab: 70 CHAPTER 5: DESIGN FRAME STRUCTURE 74 1) OVERALL: 74 2) LOADING: 74 2.2) Live load: 76 2.3) Wind load: 76 2.4) 2.3.1) Static wind load: 76 2.3.2) Dynamic wind load: 80 Earthquake load: 88 2.4.1) Overall, about earthquake load: 88 2.4.2) Calculate earthquake load: 88 3) COMBINATION LOAD: 94 4) MODEL BUILDING BY ETABS: 98 4.1) Check the displacement of the top building: 98 4.2) Anti-roll test for construction: 100 5) CALCULATE THE REINFORCEMENT FOR BEAM 100 5.1) Calculate the longitudinal reinforcement: 101 5.2) Calculate belt reinforcement: 108 5.2.1) Choose preliminary belt: 108 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - - - - - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof + When there is bentonite in the trench, on the vertical surface of the trench wall will form a layer of mud slurry that is less permeable to water Bentonite penetrates into the trench wall, firmly adheres to the soil wall, and the mortar consolidates with the soil to increase the waterproofing ability and reduce the possibility of landslides + The effect of removing the residue of the mud mortar: the mud mortar has stickiness, when the digging bucket digs the soil, the soil residue is mixed into the mud mortar and removed according to the process of exchanging mortar Because the residue is removed, it is not deposited, increasing the efficiency of the excavator + The effect of mud mortar also cools the equipment, smoothes the cutting process of excavated soil, reduces the frictional force in the process of cutting the soil in the trench Basically, the properties and process of using bentonite for diaphragm wall construction are similar to those for bored piles However, since the guide trench has only a limited depth, special attention should be paid to ensuring the bentonite level in the excavation pit Bentonite, when put into the construction site before mixing, we must conduct inspection according to Vietnamese construction standards such as: manufacturer's certificate, production date, weight of bentonite bags, preparation method and preserve… Bentonite is prepared with clean water The proportion of bentonite pythons is prepared in such a way that it is capable of stabilizing the excavation wall Carry out tests with appropriate instruments to determine if its parameters are within acceptable limits ❖ Clean blended bentonite mortar: Density of clean bentonite mortar must be checked regularly, must be checked daily to control the quality of bentonite mortar The average value of the bentonite mortar parameters provided for the excavation is within the limit range Test to determine density, viscosity, pH value is carried out from the beginning and test until the bentonite sample matches the table above If the requirements are not met, it must be repeated, and at the same time, the dirt in the solution must be removed by a dirt separator ❖ Bentonite solution supplied to trenches: When the test results on density and viscosity, pH value meet the requirements, then this bentonite is allowed to be supplied to the trench 168 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - - - - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof ❖ Treatment of bentonite: During the construction process of digging trenches for walls in the soil, due to contact with groundwater, sand, soil and concrete, the amount of expanded clay and additives (additives) in the bentonite is partly lost, or there is also some loss It is possible that due to mixing with the bottom sediment of the trench, contamination or loss of required features Among the factors that strongly affect the properties of bentonite, the trenching method has the main and decisive influence For example, if digging with a grab bucket, the level of contamination of bentonite will be much less because the dirt at the bottom of the trench is picked up and transferred by the bucket Meanwhile, trenching with a reverse rotation excavator with many drill heads causes a great deal of contamination to bentonite, because the process of bringing soil out of the trench is mainly done by the bentonite mortar circulation method The amount of salt in groundwater or chemicals present in the soil layers also contribute to the contamination of bentonite The amount of contaminated bentonite makes the technical indicators unsatisfactory Contaminated bentonite must be treated before it can be reused There are also times when it has to be thrown away if the treatment is not very economical (remanufacturing will be much cheaper) In the case of direct excavation for soil, it is not necessary to process during excavation, but only need to exchange mortar when pouring concrete Bentonite treatment processes need to avoid spillage of bentonite around the construction site, at the construction site Discarded bentonite grout is pumped into the dirt tank and must be removed immediately from the site Figure 74: Mixing bentonite solution, sand floor and bentonite supply piping system 169 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - - - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof 2.4) Construction of digging retaining wall: ❖ Programming the execution sequence of monads: One cannot simultaneously construct the entire length of the wall in the ground at the same time, but only in sections A section of the wall is completely constructed from excavation until reinforcement is placed and concrete is poured A construction wall segment is called a unit The division on the drawing and marking the implementation is called the programming of the implementation of the units The unit length should not be less than the length that the excavator can handle in a single dig The unit length is divided, the longer the better, it will minimize the joint, increase the continuity and the overall volume of the wall… However, it also raises many problems… In general, it should be noted the following points the following when deciding on the length of the unit: + Characteristics of the construction site + Hydrogeological conditions: when the soil layer is unstable, in order to prevent landslides, the drilling length must be reduced + Ground load: if there is a high-rise construction project around or with a large ground load such as a traffic road with heavy trucks, it is also necessary to shorten the drilling length to shorten the excavation time and exposure time of drilling + Shape of diaphragm wall plan, corner positions, intersection positions + Location of intersection between diaphragm wall and girder structure + Width of excavator grab bucket + Construction equipment as well as the crane's mounting capacity: based on the crane's lifting capacity to estimate the weight and size of the steel cage, from which the unit length is calculated + Availability of concrete within the time allowed: under normal circumstances, all concrete for a length of excavation should be poured in hours + Capacity of bentonite tank: in normal case, the capacity of the calves is not less than times the capacity of the largest excavator + Receiving force on site in terms of quantity and quality + Requirements on waterproofing for diaphragm walls Based on the diaphragm wall design drawing and based on the above factors, we divide the diaphragm wall into units for earthwork construction And based on the ground division of the excavation, we will calculate the technical parameters for the construction work 170 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof ❖ Diaphragm digging equipment: Gravity grab bucket excavator for digging with common geology such as sand and clay In the case of digging into rocks, depending on the type of rock and different depths, we can use the breaking head with large wheels with diamond blades or use a rock-breaking mace Figure 75: Bucket excavator working at the construction site - - ❖ Digging with a bucket excavator: The diaphragm wall is dug by a rectangular grabber suspended on a cable-operated crane During excavation, the bentonite solution is kept in a space less than 0.4m from the top of the lead wall and 1.0m above the ground water level The verticality of the excavation is visually monitored through the crane cables while lowering the bucket in the trench Wall verticality is less than 1/100 Cranes must keep a minimum distance of to 6m from the excavation pit Any movement of the crane truck will be supervised by the foreman to comply with this requirement Commonly used panel types are: open panel, closed panel and next panel + Open Panels: the design length of the open panels (with two CWS waterproof seals) must match the minimum length of the excavated bucket or be twice the length of the bucket and a small section in between + Subsequent panels: panels that use only one CWS waterproof seal are called successive panels 171 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - - - - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof + Closed panels: these panels are constructed in the final stage based on the completion of open panels and subsequent panels This closing panel does not have a CWS gasket installed The construction of adjacent panels after the finished panel (if any) is only carried out as follows: + First, the excavation will be done on the side without the waterproof seal (waterstop) first, then excavate the soil to the design height The size of the dug hole will be the same as the size of the bucket + Then it will wait until 24 hours after pouring the concrete of the previous panel, that is, waiting for the concrete to reach strength before excavating the remaining part of the panel Check the verticality and stability of the excavation: + The verticality of the excavation is continuously monitored based on the verticality of the excavated bucket rope as a plumb + During the mining process, continuous monitoring is carried out with a gauge By this method, landslides will be quickly recognized This measure is divided meter by meter ❖ Anti-fall for the dug hole wall: Keeping the wall stable in the soil so that the trench wall does not collapse is a very important and difficult task, the wall of a landslide not only slows down the construction progress but also causes many other damages such as: excavator is tilted, nearby existing structures are affected, underground pipe system (water supply and drainage may be damaged), if reinforcement has been installed and wall is being concreted, wall concrete may be damaged is defective because the soil takes the place of the concrete Therefore, in the construction of the wall in the ground, the breakdown of the trench wall is the most serious and dangerous incident One of the risks affecting the collapse of the trench wall (wall) of the dug hole is the rising groundwater level The high and low groundwater level is also related to the selection of density for bentonite and the selection of the rise of bentonite in the excavation When it rains, the water falls into the trench a lot, dilutes the bentonite and raises the groundwater level in the trench, the wall of the trench is now more prone to landslides, at this time it is necessary to raise the bentonite level and raise the exchange rate weight of bentonite The level of rise of bentonite should not be too high, just make sure that it is from 0.5m to 1m higher to meet the requirements 172 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof When a landslide occurs, a large amount of bentonite is lost, the upper level of the bentonite is lowered, many air bubbles in the bentonite rise, and there is an oscillation in the adjacent lead wall The amount of land must be much larger than the design Bucket excavators are difficult to pull up, so in the event of a landslide, it is advisable to raise the bucket and drill head from the ground immediately to prevent the equipment from being buried Next, we must find ways to prevent the landslide from being dragged to other places The usual solution is to add bentonite and backfill the soil, wait until the backfill is stable… then continue construction 2.5) The work of cleaning the bottom of the excavation pit: The cleaning of the bottom of the dug hole consists of two stages; + Cleaning with a dredge: when drilling to the required depth, wait a certain amount of time, at least an hour, to let the sand and all impurities settle, then use a specialized dredging bucket with a flat bottom to clean the borehole Figure 76: Absorption of bentonite solution + Cleaning by air blowing: the drilling work is carried out after lowering the steel cage In the case that after dredging, the amount of sand and solid black mud in the borehole is too much, it is necessary to clean the borehole before lowering the steel cage The borehole cleaning operation consists of: a steam press that leads compressed air to the bottom of the borehole to pressurize the dirty bentonite at the bottom of the hole through a steel bellows with diameter D60 to D90 Dirty bentonite will be brought up to the settling tank system and put on the sand separator by submersible pump After the floor, the clean bentonite is returned to the storage system and the xylo for reuse New 173 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - - - - - - - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof bentonite is fed directly from the storage system into the borehole to replace dirty bentonite The process of blowing is carried out until the entire bentonite in the borehole meets the quality requirements according to the allowed specifications 2.6) Check the surrounding sand wall of the diaphragm wall: In order to check the verticality of the diaphragm wall, during the excavation process, we must regularly inspect the excavation wall ❖ Inspection while digging hole digging diaphragm wall: When checking the depth of the digging hole, every 5m deep excavation measure time to control the digging depth Preliminary check that the excavator bucket is in the correct position by checking the symmetry of the excavator bucket relative to the guide wall The worker uses a ruler to check the symmetry of the excavator bucket, then signals the operator to adjust the position of the bucket When the excavator bucket is not in the right position, the excavator operator must change the reach of the arm to put the bucket in the right position ❖ Vertical test: We mark the line on the surface of the lead wall, then use the mia and ruler to check the tilt of the bucket through the cable (the verticality of the bucket in the drilling due to its weight) Check after drilling has been completed and before concrete is poured Depth inspection of the pit bottom is carried out at to points depending on the width of each drill ❖ Collect soil samples while digging: When the excavator goes down to a depth of about 5m, we take soil samples and put them in a plastic bag with the order of drilling and sampling depth written on it This is done to monitor whether the geological situation is compatible with previous geological survey results If there is any difference, there should be timely prediction measures to adjust the estimate of equipment and machinery, adjust the construction progress At the same time, it is also to serve the construction of underground excavation later 2.7) Anti CWS gasket mounting kit: Two consecutive drills are the connection between the concrete poured first and the concrete poured after Requirements for basement waterproofing when put into use and the problem is how to solve it thoroughly To handle the phenomenon of waterproofing, people 174 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - - - - - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof use CWS waterproof gaskets The mounting kit is also designed to snap the CWS into place This block also has the effect of bringing the waterproof gasket down to the right position between the two diaphragm wall panels, protecting the gasket when digging the next unit, and at the same time making the formwork to keep the drilled plate the right size The depth of the mounting kit is 12m ❖ Principle of CWS gasket: CWS gasket consists of a steel formwork with pre-installed rubber gasket The steel formwork will be dug up by the bucket when constructing the adjacent panel, thereby solving the difficulty encountered in the use of round steel pipes in the joints ❖ CWS gasket installation: During the recycling of bentonite solution after excavation is complete, CWS gaskets are installed at the end of the excavated panel, the starter panels have gaskets at both ends and successive panels have at one end The gasket consists of loose segments connected by bolts and lowered into the excavation pit, the CWS gasket is lowered to a design depth several meters lower than the later excavation level or in the low permeability soil layer CWS gasket is the formwork blocking at the end A rubber seal to prevent water is attached to the gasket before placing the CWS gasket in the panel The CWS gasket remains at the end of the panel while digging the next panel The excavator is guided by the CWS and the CWS is dismantled during panel excavation afterwards Erection for open drilling: + Immediately after the excavation of the earth wall is completed, use the XKG 40 crane to lower the mounting brackets to block the two drilling heads (at this stage, the CWS waterproof gasket has not been installed) + After that, carry out the work of blowing and washing the excavated hole: this is done so that in the process of washing the soil at both ends of the hole, it does not collapse, keeping the correct size of the excavated hole + Blowing is complete, use a crane to lift the mounting brackets, and clean it up Then proceed to install the CWS waterproof gasket to the mounting kit During erection, if the connection between the CWS and the fixture is not tight, insert small pieces of plywood into that position + Lower the mounting system and CWS gasket to the drill hole, based on the painted line on the wall, adjust it to the correct position And anchor them + After the CWS erection, we move on to the reinforcement erection work 175 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof Erection for intermediate drilling: the process of lowering and mounting is similar, except that with intermediate drilling, we only install set of CWS waterproof gaskets Installation for closed drilling: not install waterproof gaskets, because the left and right sides of drilling and digging already have waterproof gaskets Figure 77: CWS gasket mounting crane - - ❖ Advantages of CWS waterproof gasket: The use of CWS waterproof seals has brought four main advantages in better quality diaphragm wall construction: + The removal of the CWS is completely independent of the concreting, allowing for more efficient site organization + Guide for the next panel digging + Allows the installation of rubber seals to prevent water + When the CWS remains at the end of the panel while the adjacent panel is being excavated, it protects the concrete of the previous panel So the geometric size, cleanliness and quality of the joint are perfect 2.8) Fabrication and erection of reinforced cages: ❖ Steel cage processing: Necessary equipment: steel straightening machine, iron cutting machine, iron bending machine, steel ruler; generators, buttons, etc 176 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - - - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof Fabrication of reinforced cages according to the design The steel cages are connected by fastening or welding joints Steel cage reinforcement bars with diameter from 12 to 28mm to increase the rigidity of the steel cage and prevent the cage from being deformed during the hoisting process, especially for diagonal braces and right vertical braces welded to the host steel and should not be tied with zinc wire The waiting steel is pre-placed into the steel cage, a 4cm thick foam board is attached outside, after the diaphragm wall is completed, the basement is dug up and the foam plate is removed, the waiting steel will be found easily The steel cage is fitted with circular concrete wheels (with the same strength as the diaphragm wall concrete, 128mm in diameter) to ensure that the concrete layer protects the reinforcement with the right design size of 75mm Figure 78: Fabrication and erection of reinforced cages - - ❖ How to cast concrete millet: Use PVC pipe with diameter cut into sections with height of 50mm to make molds The upper plastic pipe must not be left intact, but using a saw to cut the upper part of the plastic pipe to a height of 50mm Then use zinc wire to tie Doing so will be very convenient for removing the millet from the mold later Prepare the cement mortar, fill it into the mold and plug the 80mm long steel piece into the center of the above mortar block (or another way is when the mortar has set for hours, we use a steel bar to punch holes in the center) of mortar block this way is more economical and faster) The mold is reused many times 177 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - - - - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof After the mortar has set for 24 hours, we proceed to withdraw the steel, remove the zinc wire and take out the millet This work is carried out by unskilled workers and is carried out at the construction site Bring the child to the yard to preserve Millet should only be used when it has set for at least days If used earlier, the millet is easily cracked and damaged because the concrete has not reached a certain hardness Therefore, we need to prepare the millets in advance The millet should be installed in the steel cage before lowering the steel cage into the drilling rig It is not recommended to erect it earlier because then the millet is easily scratched with the ground and may break Mark the joint position between the steel cages on the main steel bar Install ultrasonic tubes, inclinometer tubes, these tubes are welded to the steel cage 2.9) Pouring concrete for drilling: Similar to bored piles, concrete is poured according to the method of rising mortar in water The concrete pouring of the diaphragm wall shall only be carried out when the excavation work has been completed and the excavation has reached the design depth and the bentonite solution meets the required specifications Figure 79: Check the depth of the dug hole after blowing with a plumber - Concrete pouring pipe is a steel pipe with an outer diameter of 219mm Pipe sections are connected together in a quick-connect fashion like a fire hose connection The diaphragm wall drills in the right angle position use dump pipes 178 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - - - - - - - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof When starting to pour concrete, the concrete pipe is lowered at most 25cm from the bottom of the borehole To ensure that the initial concrete layer is not contaminated with bentonite, a foam separator is inserted into the pipe The process of pouring concrete must take place continuously, not interrupted for too long, usually only for to 10 minutes, the longest interruption is only 20 minutes to ensure the uniformity of the concrete concreting pipes are clean and watertight During the concreting process, the recovered bentonite solution overflows itself through the chute next to the excavation without the need for pumping (this will ensure that the bentonite level in the pit is always maintained as required; the amount of bentonite in the pit is always maintained) troughs must be pumped clean not to spill over to the ground) When the concrete level in the excavated trench rises, the tremie pipe is lifted while always ensuring a minimum of 3m submerged in the concrete to prevent the concrete from mixing with the bentonite However, the foot of the pipe should not be submerged too deeply, because once it is too deep, the concrete in the pipe will slow down and the steel cage may rise up Before each cutting of the concrete pipe and after pouring each concrete truck, measure and check the rise of the concrete to ensure that the pipe is always plugged into the concrete and detect the case of a landslide or narrowing of the borehole At the same time, during the concreting process, not allow the pipe to move horizontally, otherwise the sediment or clay fluid may mix into the concrete, and not let the concrete overflow or flow into the trench without going through the funnel pour When pouring concrete near the top of the wall in the soil, but the concrete in the pipe is difficult to flow, on the one hand, the speed of concrete is reduced, on the other hand, the depth of the tremie pipe is reduced to 1m If the concrete still cannot be poured, the pipe can be moved up and down, but the height of movement should not exceed 30cm In case two pipes are poured at the same time, the rise of concrete at the two pipes must be equivalent When withdrawing the concreting pipe, it must be gently and slowly to avoid the concreting pipe being disturbed General information on the supply and pouring of concrete: + Concrete M300 is used waterproof admixture, slump, the largest aggregate is 30mm, the particle size is not more than 0.3mm + Using commercial concrete transported from the batching plant to the construction site by special vehicles Existing batching plants in Ho Chi Minh City such as: Holcim, Supermix, Uni Eastern, LePhan, RDC, Tra My, Hai Au, Rach Chiec 179 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT - INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof + Specialized vehicles with a tank capacity of: to 6.5 + The parking hopper is tightly connected thanks to the dedicated mounting kit and placing the load on the top of the guide wall + Concrete pouring pipe: outside diameter 219mm, each pipe should choose 3.0m long + Self-propelled crane is used to lower the pipe before starting to pour concrete and pull the pipe up when pouring concrete 2.10) Completed drilling and digging of retaining wall: After completing the concrete pouring, the diaphragm wall will be drilled, the pipe will be pulled up and cleaned to complete the drilling and excavation of the diaphragm wall Each completed dig is accompanied by reports, which must contain the following information: + Drilling number and location of drilling rig + Level of concrete cutting + Elevation of the lead wall + Drilling dimensions + Parameters of steel cage + Concrete grade, concrete factory, admixture, slump, number of test pieces, etc + Date of pouring concrete + Date of excavation and date of completion of drilling + Drilling depth from the ground + Drilling depth from the concrete cutting level + Theoretical and practical concrete volume + Rise chart of concrete during pouring + Time to start and finish each vehicle + Weather when pouring concrete 180 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001 CAPSTONE PROJECT INSTRUCTOR: TRAN TUAN KIET Assoc Prof REFERENCES 1) TCVN 2737 : 1995 Tải trọng tác động - Tiêu chuẩn thiết kế - NXB Xây Dựng - Hà Nội 1996 2) TCVN 229 : 1999 Chỉ dẫn tính tốn thành phần động tải trọng gió theo TCVN 2737 : 1995 - NXB Xây Dựng - Hà Nội 1999 3) TCVN 5574 : 2018 Kết cấu bê tông cốt thép - Tiêu chuẩn thiết kế - NXB Xây Dựng Hà Nội 2012 4) TCVN 198 : 1997 Nhà cao Tầng - Thiết kế kết cấu bê tơng cốt thép tồn khối - NXB Xây Dựng - Hà Nội 1999 5) TCVN 9362 : 2012 Tiêu chuẩn thiết kế nhà cơng trình - NXB Xây Dựng - Hà Nội 2012 6) Nền móng - Châu Ngọc Ẩn - ĐH Bách Khoa TP HCM 7) TCVN 10304 : 2014 Móng cọc - Tiêu chuẩn thiết kế - NXB Xây Dựng - Hà Nội 2014 8) TCVN 9396 2012 Cọc khoan nhồi – Xác định tính đồng bê tơng – phương pháp xung siêu âm 9) TCVN 9386 : 2012 Thiết kế cơng trình chịu động đất - NXB Xây Dựng - Hà Nội 2012 10) Sách “Hướng dẫn thiết kế kết cấu nhà cao tầng BTCT chịu động đất theo TCXDVN 375 : 2006” - NXB Xây Dựng 11) Nguyễn Đình Cống, Sàn bê tơng cốt thép tồn khối - NXB Xây Dựng - Hà Nội 2008 12) Nguyễn Đình Cống, Tính tốn thực hành cấu kiện BTCT - Tập - NXB Xây Dựng - Hà Nội 2009 13) Nguyễn Đình Cống, Tính tốn thực hành cấu kiện BTCT - Tập - NXB Xây Dựng - Hà Nội 2008 14) Nguyễn Văn Quảng, Nền móng nhà cao tầng - NXB Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật, 2003 181 STUDENT: NGUYEN HOANG AN 17140001