the taxonomic study of foliicolous lichenized fungi in chu yang sin national park of vietnam

I would like to dedicate this thesis to my beloved parents and my sisters for their unconditional love and support in every way possible throughout the process of this course, this thesis and beyond A thesis for Degree of Master of Science The taxonomic study of foliicolous lichenized fungi in Chu Yang Sin national park of Vietnam Thi Thuy Nguyen Department of Environmental Education & Science Graduate School Sunchon National University June, 2011 The taxonomic study of foliicolous lichenized fungi in Chu Yang Sin national park of Vietnam Supervisor: Prof Jae-Seoun Hur Co-supervisor: Dr Yogesh Joshi Presented as a thesis for The Degree of The Master of Science Thi Thuy Nguyen Department of Environmental Education & Science The Graduate School Sunchon National University June, 2011 LIST OF CONTENTS I Introduction II Review of literatures Foliicolous lichens studies in Vietnam Chu Yang Sin national park III Materials and methods IV Taxonomy Key to foliicolous lichen genera in Chu Yang Sin nation park Brief description of genera and their respective species reported from Chu Yang Sin National Park 10 1) Arthonia 10 Arthonia cyanea var cyanea 10 2) Bacidina 12 Bacidina apiahica 12 3) Byssoloma 14 Byssoloma chlorinum 15 Byssoloma subdiscordans var subdiscordans 16 Byssoloma vanderystii 17 4) Calopadia 19 Calopadia puiggarii 20 Calopadia subcoerulescens 21 5) Chroodiscus 23 Chroodiscus mirificus 24 6) Coenogonium 25 Coenogonium dilucidum 26 Coenogonium disciforme 27 7) Echinoplaca 29 Echinoplaca epiphylla 30 Echinoplaca pellicula 31 Echinoplaca tetrapla 32 8) Fellhanera 34 Fellhanera bouteillei 35 Fellhanera emarginata 36 Fellhanera rhapidophylli 37 Fellhanera sublecanorina 38 9) Mazosia 40 Mazosia dispersa 41 Mazosia phyllosema 42 10) Porina 44 Porina alba 45 Porina atriceps 46 Porina conica 47 Porina nitidula 48 Porina rubentior 50 11) Sporopodium 51 Sporopodium phyllocharis 52 Sporopodium xantholeucum 53 12) Strigula 55 Strigula nitidula 56 13) Tricharia 57 Tricharia vainioi 58 V Conclusion 60 VI Acknowledgement 62 VII References 63 VIII Publications 65 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Fig Location of Chu Yang Sin national park in Vietnam Fig Map of Chu Yang Sin national park Fig Habit and ascospores of Arthonia cyanea var cyanea f cyanea 11 Fig Habit and ascospores of Bacidina apiahica 13 Fig Habit and ascospores of foliicolous species of Byssoloma 18 Fig Habit and ascospores of foliicolous species of Calopadia 22 Fig Habit and ascospores of Chroodiscus argillaceus 23 Fig Habit and ascospores of foliicolous species of Coenogonium .28 Fig Habit and ascospores of foliicolous species of Echinoplaca 33 Fig 10 Habit and ascospores of foliicolous species of Fellhanera 39 Fig 11 Habit and ascospores of foliicolous species of Mazosia 43 Fig 12 Habit and ascospores of foliicolous species of Porina 49 Fig 13 Habit and ascospores of species of Porina rubentior 50 Fig 14 Habit and ascospores of foliicolous species of Sporopodium 54 Fig 15 Habit and ascospores of species of Strigula nitidula 55 Fig 16 Habit and ascospores of species of Tricharia vainioi 57 Table The list of orders, families, genera and species in Chu Yang Sin national park 61 Abstract The taxonomic study of foliicolous lichenized fungi in Chu Yang Sin national park of Vietnam Thi Thuy Nguyen Department of Environmental Education & Science The Graduate School Sunchon National University Supervisor: Prof Jae-Seoun Hur Co-supervisor: Dr Yogesh Joshi Foliicolous lichens which known abundant in tropical regions While the foliicolous lichen flora was discovered well in many regions in the world but there were no many publications deal with the foliicolous lichens from Vietnam Twenty eight species belonging to thirteen genera was recognized from 415 specimens collected from Chu Yang Sin – a national park located at the Central Highland of Vietnam Among them, Byssoloma vanderystii Sérus., Coenogonium disciforme Papong et al and Fellhanera emarginata Lücking were first time reported from Vietnam The first fertile specimens of Coenogonium disciforme Papong et al was observed and described in detailed The key to the genera and key to species of the genera are given Each species was described in diagnostic characters, chemistry and distribution Key words: Taxonomy, foliicolous lichenized fungi, Vietnam, Chu Yang Sin national park I INTRODUCTION Foliicolous lichens are lichens that grow on the living leaves of angiosperms, fern fonds, phyllodes, phylloclades and young bamboo culms Generally they occur on the leaves that shed off in 25 years or stayed longer (e.g Agave and palm leaves), except few taxa which were found to grow on annually deciduous leaves Majority of the foliicolous lichens were found on the upper side of the leaves i.e epiphyllous, but few also grow on the lower side i.e hypophyllous Foliicolous lichens generally prefer growing over leaves of lower branches which not only enjoyed the partial shade of the over growing branches but also had a more humid environment than others Based on their substrate specificity, they can be divided into three groups: 1) Eufoliicolous lichens: they grow and reproduce entirely on the leaves and have a crustose thallus that is tightly adnate to the substrate 2) Facultative foliicolous lichens: they usually grow on barks, petioles and twigs but exceptionally on leaves 3) Pseudofoliicolous (indifferent or ubiquitous) lichens: besides growing on leaves they can grow on different substrates, such as rock, bark, soil etc The diversity and density of foliicolous lichens is abundant in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, Africa and Southeast Asia, due to availability of optimum temperature, humidy, sunlight and shade throughout the year Besides tropical rainforests, they are also reported from subtropical and temperate rainforests having humid areas, but the diversity and density in the subtropical and temperate regions is less in comparison to tropical regions because of lack of suitable macro- and micro- climatic conditions responsible for the luxuriance growth of these lichens These lichens are one of the most abundant epiphytes in tropical rain forests, henceforth the highest diversity of foliicolous lichens is found in tropical regions, especially the primary tropical rainforests which are not affected by anthropogenic disturbance More than 800 foliicolous lichen taxa are known from the world However, most of the publications mentioning about foliicolous lichens have came from Neotropics, Valdivian and African Paleotropic regions, but very few studies were carried out in the Eastern Paleotropics Socialist Republic of Vietnam – a country situated in South East Asia – with high temperature, high average annual rainfall and large area of primary tropical rain forests is suitable for the colonization of tropical lichens, especially foliicolous lichens The lichen flora of Vietnam is not well worked out and most of the work on Vietnamese lichens was done by foreigners during their trip to Vietnam Krempelhuber (1873) was the first person to report lichens from Vietnam, followed by Müller (1891), Harmand (1928), Abbayes (1964) and Tixier (1966) However, Vĕzda (1977) was the first person to cite foliicolous lichens from Vietnam, while making a review on previous publications dealing with lichens of Vietnam Aptroot & Sparrius (2006) made a first checklist of lichen flora of Vietnam and included 32 foliicolous lichen species within it Later on, Papong et al (2007) increased the tally of foliicolous lichens to 70 Nguyen et al (2009, 2010) during her studies on foliicolous lichen flora of Vietnam, reported 14 additional species which were new to Vietnam lichen flora and raises the tally of foliicolous lichens to 84 Nguyen et al (2010) for the first time also reported fertile specimen of Coenogonium disciforme Papong, Boonpr & Lücking from Chu Yang Sin national park of Vietnam Previously only fertile specimen of this species was known from Thailand (Papong et al 2007) Since, there were no expert focusing on this group of lichen in 11) Sporopodium Mont., Ann Sci Nat., Bot., Ser 3, 16: 54 1851 Like Byssoloma, Calopadia and Fellhanera, the genus Sporopodium is belonging to the family Pilocarpaceae Thallus crustose, continuous ecorticate, smooth or farinose to dense verrucose, greenish to bluish grey, sometimes having woolly thallus Photobiont chlorococcoid (Trebouxia) Apothecioid, sessile, rounded, pale to dark brown, usually pruinose, margin biatorine, distinct, often pruinose Excipulum paraplectenchymatous, colorless, sometimes incrusted with crystals Hypothecium prosoplectenchymatous, light to dark brown Paraphyses branched and anastomosing, not thickened apically Ascospores oblong to ellipsoid, muriform, colorless Campylidia sessile, mussel-, funnel- or hood-shaped lobe Conidia oblong-ellipsoid to drop-shaped, non- to 1-septate, colorless, usually associated with algal cells A wide variety of substances were found in this genus, including dibenzofuranes, didepsides, depsidones, triterpenoids, xanthones and pulvinic acid derivates Two foliicolous lichen species of Sporopodium were found in this place Key to foliicolous species of Sporopodium in Chu Yang Sin National Park Apothecia irregular in outline, very strongly pruinose margin, campylidia wall paraplectenchymatous …… S xantholeucum Apothecia rounded, margin not prominent, pale grey, campylidia wall mostly prosoplectenchymatous …………… ……………………………………………… S phyllocharis 51 Sporopodium phyllocharis (Mont.) Massal., Alcuni Generi di Licheni.: 1855 Diagnostic characters: Thallus continuous, 3−7 mm across, 13−15 m thick, minutely pulveraceous, pale bluish grey Apothecia rounded, 0.4−0.7 mm diam., 200−220 m high; disc convex, blackish brown, with white pruinose; margin distinct, pale grey, white pruinose Excipulum paraplectenchymatous, 30−60 m broad, externally covered with clusters of colorless crystals Hypothecium 40−60 m high, pale yellowish brown Epithecium well-developed, 15–20 m high, granulose, greenish yellow, epithecial algae present Hymenium 100−120 m high, colorless, I+ blue K− Asci 90−110 × 15−22 m Ascospores single, oblong-ellipsoid, muriform, 70−90 × 15−20 m, 4−6 times as long as broad, colorless Campylidia sessile, 0.3−0.4 mm broad; lobe mussel-shaped, pale grey; wall proso- to paraplectenchymatous at base, colorless Conidia drop-shaped, nonseptate, 6−7 × 2−3 m, colorless Chemistry: pannarin, zeorin, 5,7-dichloro-3-Omethylnorlichexanthone, 2,5,7-trichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone Distribution: Pantropical Remarks: This species can be recognized by bluish grey thallus that produces very few campylidia and the presence of pannarin and zeorin Specimens examined: Vietnam, Daklak Prov., Chu Yang Sin National Park 12°28'22.8" N 108°20'32.8" E, alt 430 m, on leaf, 01 July 2010, Thi-Thuy Nguyen 100506 (KoLRI) 52 Sporopodium xantholeucum (Müll Arg.) Zahlbr., Catal Lich Univ 2: 681 1924 Diagnostic characters: Thallus continuous, 10−15 mm across, 15−17 m thick, pale bluish grey Apothecia rounded to irregular in outline, 0.3−0.5 mm diam., 170−180 m high; disc plane, dark brown with dense white pruinose; margin distinct, irregular, white pruinose Excipulum 30−50 m broad, incrusted and externally covered with large clusters of brown crystals Hypothecium 40−45 m high, pale brown Epithecium well-developed, 15–20 m high, granulose, greenish yellow, epithecial algae abundant Hymenium 100−120 m high, colorless Asci 80−120 × 17−22 m Ascospores single, oblongellipsoid, muriform, 60−80 × 15−22 m, 4−6 times as long as broad, colorless Campylidia not observed Chemistry: pannarin, zeorin, 2,7-dichlorolichexanthone, 5,7dichlorolichexanthone, 5,7-dichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone, 5,7-dichloronorlichexanthone, 2,5,7-trichlorolichexanthone, arthothelin, isoarthothelin, asemone, 2,5,7-trichloro-3-Omethylnorlichexanthone, thiophanic acid Distribution: Pantropical Remarks: S xantholeucum can be distinguished with S phyllocharis by pruinose apothecia and campylidia that are funnel- to hood-shaped and completely paraplectenchymatous Specimens examined: Vietnam, Daklak Prov., Chu Yang Sin National Park 12°28'22.8" N 108°20'32.8" E, alt 430 m, on leaf, 01 July 2010, Thi-Thuy Nguyen 100490 (KoLRI); 12°26'24.6" N 108°20'22.1" E, alt 761 m, on leaf, 06 July 2010, Thi-Thuy Nguyen 100737, 100740, 100746, 100753 (KoLRI) 53 cm 0.2 cm cm 20 m FIG 14 Habit and ascospores of foliicolous species of Sporopodium A, B S phyllocharis, thallus with apothecia (A) and a campylidium (B) , C, D S xantholeucum, thallus with apothecia (C) and an ascosp ascospore (D) 54 ycol 12) Strigula Fr., Syst Mycol 2: 535 1823 Including 37 foliicolous species, Strigula is one of the common genus in the family Strigulaceae There are two type of thallus growing on leaves: supracuticular thallus grows on the cuticle layer, easily separated from leaf photobiont Phycopeltis; and leaf, subcuticular thallus grows under the cuticle layer, not separated from the leaf, photobiont Cephaleuros Perithecia immersed-erumpent to Cephaleuros subglobose Excipulum colorless Involucrellum carbonized, black Hamathecium colorless, I−, KI− Ascospores ellipsoid, transversely − septate to muriform, colorless Pycnidia immersed-erumpent to adnate, lens-shaped to wart-shaped, black Macroconidia bacillar to shaped, filiform, non- to 9-septate, colorless Microconidia ellipsoid to fusiform, nonseptate, colorless cm 10 m FIG.15 Habit and ascospores of species of Strigula nitidula A Thallus with a perithecium (big) and pycnidia (small) B Ascospores 55 Strigula nitidula Mont in Sagra, Sagra, Hist Phys Cuba, Bot., Pl Cell.: 184 1842 Diagnostic characters: Thallus subcuticular, continuous or dispersed into rounded to irregular patches, 5−7 mm across, 8−10 m thick, often with crenulate to lobulate margins and margin or individual lobes usually bordered by thin, black line, metallic green Photobiont cells angular-rounded, 9−18 × 4−7 m, in irregular plates, forming single layer Perithecia complete exposed, wart-shaped to almost conical, 0.3−0.6 mm diam., 130−150 m high, black, shiny Excipulum prosoplectenchymatous, 7−15 m thick, colorless to brown Involucrellum black, 15−20 m thick Paraphyses unbranched Asci cylindrical, 60−75 × 4−5 m Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid, 1-septate, with constriction at septum and often broken into parts outside the asci, 8−12 × 2.5−3 m, 3–4 times as long as broad, colorless Pycnidia exposed, wart-shaped, black Macroconidia bacillar, non-septate, 4−6 × 1.8−2.2 m Chemistry: No substances detected by TLC Distribution: Pantropical Remarks: S nitidula is a common species in Vietnam that is characterized by thin and dark metallic green thallus that is usually bordered by irregular thin black line and the 1-septate ascospores that are not break into two halves in the asci Specimens examined: Vietnam, Daklak Prov., Chu Yang Sin National Park 12°28'22.8" N 108°20'32.8" E, alt 430 m, on leaf, 01 July 2010, Thi-Thuy Nguyen 100500, 100501, 100502, 100525, 100526, 100542 (KoLRI); 12°28'16.1" N 108°20'33.3" E, alt 693 m, on leaf, 06 July 2010, Thi-Thuy Nguyen 100723 (KoLRI) 56 13) Tricharia Fée, Essai sur les Cryptogames des Écorces Exotiques Officinales: LXXXVII, LXXXVIII, CII 1824 The genus Tricharia belongs to the family Gomphillaceae Thallus crustose, continuous, with cartilaginous corticiform layer, smooth to verrucose, with black setae Photobiont chlorococcoid (Trebouxia) Apothecia sessile, biatorine, rounded to irregular in outline Disc pale yellow to dark brown, margin distinct, usually same color with disc or little darker Excipulum prosoplectenchymatous to paraplectenchymatous Hypothecium prosoplectenchymatous, pale Ascospores broadly ellipsoid to cylindrical, transversely septate to muriform, constricted at septa, colorless Hyphophores setiform with acute or blunt black apex yphophores There were species in this genus found in Vietnam including species in Chu Yang Sin national p park Most of the specimens are sterile However, they can be discerned by their black setae on the thallus 10 m 0.5 cm FIG Habit and ascospores of species of Tricharia vainioi A Thallus with black setae and apothecia B An ascospore 57 Tricharia vainioi R Sant., Symb Bot Upsal 12(no 1): 382 (1952) Diagnostic characters: Thallus continuous, 3−7 mm across, 10−12 m thick with cartilaginous, corticiform layer, smooth, with numerous sterile setae, pale greenish grey; setae 0.5−1 mm long, pure black Apothecia sessile, biatorine, rounded, 0.2−0.3 mm diam., 100−120 m high; disc plane, yellowish brown to brown, slightly translucent; margin thin, not prominent, smooth, brown to dark brown Excipulum prosoplectenchymatous, 10−30 m broad, pale brown Hypothecium 10−15 m high, colorless Epithecium 3–7 m high, pale yellowish brown Hymenium 50−70 m high, colorless Asci broadly clavate to ovoid, 50−70 × 20−30 m, ascospore per ascus Ascospores ellipsoid, muriform, slightly constricted at septa, 50−65 × 19−25 m, 2−3 times as long as broad, colorless Chemistry: No substances detected by TLC Distribution: Pantropical Remarks: T vainoi is a common species and very abundant in Chu Yang Sin National Park Most of the specimens are sterile with only sterile black setae but if apothecia are absent, it is easily recognize by small and sessile apothecia, single ascospores and smooth thallus that lacking crystals Specimens examined: Vietnam, Daklak Prov., Chu Yang Sin National Park 12°28'22.8" N 108°20'32.8" E, alt 430 m, on leaf, 01 July 2010, Thi-Thuy Nguyen 100458, 100491, 100504, 100508, 100509, 100511, 100549, 100550, 100551 (KoLRI); 12°27'08.4" N 108°20'20.1" E, alt 774 m, on leaf, 03 July 2010, Thi-Thuy Nguyen 100565, 100566, 100567, 100568, 100569, 100570, 100571, 100572, 100573, 100574, 100575, 100576, 100577, 100579 (KoLRI); 12°27'07.7" N 108°20'21.7" E, alt 776 m, on leaf, 04 July 2010, ThiThuy Nguyen 100587, 100599, 100602, 100605, 100615, 100620, 58 100641, 100645, 100650, 100653, 100658 (KoLRI); 12°28'16.1" N 108°20'33.3" E, alt 693 m, on leaf, 06 July 2010, Thi-Thuy Nguyen 100709 (KoLRI); 12°26'24.6" N 108°20'22.1" E, alt 761 m, on leaf, 06 July 2010, Thi-Thuy Nguyen 100741, 100743, 100744, 100745, 1000746, 100747 (KoLRI) 59 V CONCLUSION Twenty eight species of foliicolous lichens belonging to thirteen genera were identified from Chu Yang Sin national park, Vietnam (Table 1) Pilocarpaceae and Porinaceae are the dominating families in this national park with and species respectively, however, Porina is the dominant genera followed by Fellhanera Byssoloma vanderystii Sérus., Coenogonium disciforme Papong et al and Fellhanera emarginata Lücking are new to Vietnam The most common species in this area are Calopadia puiggarri, Coenogonium dilucidum, Porina alba, Tricharia vainoi Interesting founding in this thesis was the discovery of first fertile specimens of Coenogonium disciforme, that’s being reported sterile by Papong et al (2007) from Thailand Even this species collected from other regions of Vietnam was sterile, but specimen collected from Chu Yang Sin National Park was fertile Evidence of fertile specimen of this species, confirmed the original placement of the species in systematics, separate the species with the others that have similar thalli and isidia such as Porina alba and Chroodiscus mirificus Although the number of specimens collected is not less (415 specimens) but the number of taxa reported is less (28 species), which is due to following two reasons: 1) most of the specimens are sterile, and 2) biodiversity laws, prohibiting the author to collect specimens from some regions in that place Extensive collection in near future will lead to addition of several taxa of foliicolous lichens to Vietnam 60 Table The list of orders, families, genera and species in Chu Yang Sin national park Order Family Genus Arthoniaceae Roccellaceae Mazosia Ramalinaceae Arthoniales Arthonia Bacidina Species A cyanea M dispersa M phyllosema B apiahiha B chlorinum Byssoloma B subdiscordans B vanderystii Calopadia Lecanorales Pilocarpaceae C puiggarii C subcoerulescens F bouteillei Fellhanera F emarginate F rhapidophylli F sublecanorina Sporopodium Thelotremataceae Chroodiscus Coenogoniaceae Coenogonium S phyllocharis S xantholecum C mirificus C dilucidum C disciforme E epiphylla Gomphillaceae Echinoplaca E pellicula E tetrapla Ostropales P alba P atriceps Porinaceae Porina P conica P nitidula P rubentior Gomphillaceae Pyrenulales Tricharia T vainioi Strigulaceae Strigula S nitidula 10 13 61 28 VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Of the many people who have been enormously helpful, I am deeply thankful to Prof Jae-Seoun Hur for helping me to get a chance to study, supporting and advising throughout my masteral program I would like to thank to Dr Tien-Dat Nguyen - the manager of the Higher Education Project – who support for my study in Sunchon National University Then I have the honour to thank to Dr Yogesh Joshi for his guidance in my first steps to lichenology He is the teacher who instilled the interest in taxonomic work and helped me overcome many difficulties in academic learning and working I would also like to warmly express my gratitude to all other lab members in the Korean lichens research institute - Ms Jung Aeh Ryu, Ms Hae-Sook Jeon, Dr Jung-A Kim, Ms Keon-Seon Han, Ms Jin-Young Hur, Ms Mei Rong Ren, Mr Yang Peng Liu, Mr Yi Wang, Ms Nan-Hee Yu, Mr Xin Yu Wang, Ms Sung-Mi Na, Ms Min-Hye Jeong and Ms Yi Yang for their kindly help and 62 VII REFERENCES Aptroot A, Sparrius LB 2006 Additions to the lichen flora of Vietnam, with an annotated checklist and bibliography Bryologist 109(3): 358–371 Awasthi D D 2010 Foliicolous lichens of the world: A review Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Dehra Dun Ferraro L.I & Lücking R 1997 New species or interesting records of foliicolous lichens III Arthonia crystallifera spec nova (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Arthoniaceae), with a world-wide key to the foliicolous Arthoniaceae Phyton 37: 61–70 Ferraro L.I 2004 Morphological diversity in the hyphophores of Gomphillaceae (Ostropales, lichenized Ascomycetes) Fungal Diversity 15: 153–169 Lücking R 2008 Foliicolous lichenized fungi Flora Neotropica Monograph 103: 1–866 Lücking R & Santesson R 2001 New species or interesting records of foliicolous lichens VIII Two new taxa from tropical Africa, with a key to sorediate Fellhanera species Lichenologist 33(2): 111–116 Lücking R, Vězda A 1998 Taxonomic studies in foliicolous species of the genus Porina (lichenized Ascomycotina: Trichotheliaceae) II The Porina epiphylla group Willdenowia 28: 181–225 Orange A, James PW, White FJ 2010 Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens Second edition British Lichen Society, London, pp 1–101 63 Papong K, Boonpragob K, Lücking R 2007 New species and new records of foliicolous lichens from Thailand Lichenologist 39: 47–56 Rivas Plata E., Lücking R, Aptroot A., Sipman H.J.M., Chaves J.L Umana L & Lizano D 2006 A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the genus Coenogonium (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae), with a worldwide key and checklist and phynotype-based cladistic analysis Funga Diversity 23: 255–321 Santesson R 1952 Foliicolous lichens I A revision of the taxonomy of the obligately foliicolous, lichenized fungi Symbolae Bot Upsal 12(1): 1–590 Sérusiaux E 1996 Foliicolous lichens from Madeira, with the description of a new genus and two new species and a world-wide key of foliicolous Fellhanera Lichenologist 28(3): 197–227 Vězda A 1977 Beitrag zur Kenntnis foliikoler Flechten Vietnams Casopis Slezskeho Muz., Ser A 26: 21–33 64 VIII PUBLICATIONS Nguyen TT, Joshi Y, Lücking R, Wang XY, Nguyen AD, Koh YJ, Hur J-S 2010 Notes on some new records of foliicolous lichens from Vietnam Taiwania 55(4): 402–406 Nguyen TT, Joshi Y, Nguyen AD, Hur J-S 2011 First report of fertile specimen of Coenogonium disciforme: a species new to Vietnam lichen flora Lichenologist 43: 184–186 Nguyen TT, Joshi Y, Lücking R, Nguyen AD, Wang XY, Koh YJ, Hur J-S 2011 Seven new records of foliicolous lichens from Vietnam Mycotaxon (submitted) 65 ... The list of orders, families, genera and species in Chu Yang Sin national park 61 Abstract The taxonomic study of foliicolous lichenized fungi in Chu Yang Sin national park of Vietnam. ..A thesis for Degree of Master of Science The taxonomic study of foliicolous lichenized fungi in Chu Yang Sin national park of Vietnam Thi Thuy Nguyen Department of Environmental... colorless species of this genus were found in Vietnam including foliicolous species of this genus found in this national park Key to foliicolous species of Mazosia in Chu Yang Sin national park Ascospores