You get the link on our page vk.com/lingualib GLOBA L E N GL I S HE S Routledge English Language Introductions cover core areas of language study and are one-stop resources for students Assuming no prior knowledge, books in the series offer an accessible overview of the subject, with activities, study questions, sample analyses, commentaries, and key readings – all in the same volume The innovative and flexible ‘two-dimensional’ structure is built around four sections – introduction, development, exploration, and extension – which offer self-contained stages for study Each topic can also be read across these sections, enabling the reader to build gradually on the knowledge gained Global Englishes, Third Edition, previously published as World Englishes, has been comprehensively revised and updated and provides an introduction to the subject that is both accessible and comprehensive Key features of this best-selling textbook include: t t t t t coverage of the major historical, linguistic, and sociopolitical developments in the English language from the start of the seventeenth century to the present day exploration of the current debates in global Englishes, relating to its uses as mother tongue in the US, UK, Antipodes, and post-colonial language in Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and lingua franca across the rest of the globe, with a new and particularly strong emphasis on China a range of texts, data and examples draw from emails, tweets and newspapers such as The New York Times, China Daily and The Straits Times readings from key scholars including Alastair Pennycook, Henry G Widdowson and Lesley Milroy activities that engage the reader by inviting them to draw on their own experience and consider their orientation to the particular topic in hand Global Englishes, Third Edition provides a dynamic and engaging introduction to this fascinating topic and is essential reading for all students studying global Englishes, English as a lingua franca, and the spread of English in the world today Jennifer Jenkins is Professor of Global Englishes and founding director of the Centre for Global Englishes at the University of Southampton You get the link on our page vk.com/lingualib I M PA N O O C N W The accompanying website can be found at www.routledge.com/cw/jenkins E B S IT E R OUTLEDGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTRODUCTIONS SERIES CONSULTANT: PETER STOCKWELL Peter Stockwell is Professor of Literary Linguistics in the School of English at the University of Nottingham, UK, where his interests include sociolinguistics, stylistics and cognitive poetics His recent publications include The Handbook of Stylistics (2014), Cognitive Grammar in Literature (2014) and The Language and Literature Reader (with Ron Carter, Routledge 2008) SERIES CONSULTANT: RONALD CARTER Ronald Carter is Professor of Modern English Language in the School of English at the University of Nottingham, UK He is the co-series editor of the Routledge Applied Linguistics series, series editor of Interface and was co-founder of the Routledge Intertext series TITLES IN THE SERIES: Global Englishes Language and Media (previously published as World Englishes) Alan Durant and Marina Lambrou Jennifer Jenkins Stylistics Paul Simpson Practical Phonetics and Phonology Beverley Collins and Inger M Mees Discourse Analysis Rodney Jones English Grammar Roger Berry Researching English Language Alison Sealey Introducing English Language Louise Mullany and Peter Stockwell Language and Power History of English Dan McIntyre Pragmatics and Discourse Joan Cutting Sociolinguistics Peter Stockwell Child Language Jean Stilwell Peccei Language in Theory Mark Robson and Peter Stockwell Psycholinguistics John Field Grammar and Vocabulary Howard Jackson Paul Simpson and Andrea Mayr For more information on any of these titles, or to order, please go to www.routledge.com/linguistics G L O B A L E NG L I S H ES A Third Edition B A resource book for students C D JENNIFER JENKINS ROUTLEDGE Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK Third edition published 2015 by Routledge Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 Jennifer Jenkins The right of Jennifer Jenkins to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe First edition published as World Englishes: a resource book for students by Routledge 2003 Second edition published as World Englishes: a resource book for students by Routledge 2009 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jenkins, Jennifer [World Englishes] Global Englishes : a resource book for students / Jennifer Jenkins – Third Edition pages cm – (Routledge English language Introductions) Previously published as: World Englishes: a resource book for students / Jennifer Jenkins, 2nd ed., 2009 Includes bibliographical references and index English language–Variation–English-speaking countries English language–Variation–Commonwealth countries English language–Variation Foreign countries English language–English-speaking countries English language–Commonwealth countries English language–Foreign countries I Title PE2751.J46 2015 427–dc23 2014004947 ISBN: 978-0-415-63843-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-63844-9 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-76159-6 (ebk) Typeset in Minion by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong HOW TO U SE T H IS BOOK The Routledge English Language Introductions are ‘flexi-texts’ that you can use to suit your own style of study The books are divided into four sections: A B C D Introduction – sets out the key concepts for the area of study The units of this section take you step by step through the foundational terms and ideas, carefully providing you with an initial toolkit for your own study By the end of the section, you will have a good overview of the whole field Development – adds to your knowledge and builds on the key ideas already introduced Units in this section might also draw together several areas of interest By the end of this section, you will already have a good and fairly detailed grasp of the field, and will be ready to undertake your own exploration and thinking Exploration – provides examples of language data and guides you through your own investigation of the field The units in this section will be more open-ended and exploratory, and you will be encouraged to try out your ideas and think for yourself, using your newly acquired knowledge Extension – offers you the chance to compare your expertise with key readings in the area These are taken from the work of important writers, and are provided with guidance and questions for your further thought You can read this book like a traditional textbook, ‘vertically’ straight through from beginning to end This will take you comprehensively through the broad field of study However, the Routledge English Language Introductions have been carefully designed so that you can read them in another dimension, ‘horizontally’ across the numbered units For example, Units A1, A2, A3, and so on, correspond with Units B1, B2, B3, and with Units C1, C2, C3 and D1, D2, D3, and so on Reading A5, B5, C5, D5 will take you rapidly from the key concepts of a specific area, to a level of expertise in that precise area, all with a very close focus You can match your way of reading with the best way that you work The Glossarial Index at the end, together with the suggestions for Further Reading that follow Section D, will help to keep you orientated Each textbook in the series has a supporting website with extra commentary, suggestions, additional material, and support for teachers and students Global Englishes Global Englishes has eight units, each following the above four-part structure Section A’s units introduce the key topics in Global Englishes from the sixteenth century to the present time and beyond Section B develops these issues with additional detail and discussion Section C offers opportunities for further study and your own research vi HOW TO U S E T H I S B OO K by following the latest works and controversies in the field Finally, the readings in Section D take up the themes of each of the other three units in their respective section, and are accompanied by suggestions for further study and discussion The eight horizontal strands begin with the historical, social and political context (in units A1, B1, C1, and D1) Strand explores the debates about English today; strand looks at English in the Anglophone world; strand investigates variation across the postcolonial Englishes; strand turns to pidgin and creole languages; strand focuses on English as an international lingua franca; strand takes a closer look at East Asian and European Englishes; and the final strand looks to the future of Englishes in the global context Further material and activities can also be found on the website which accompanies the book: www.routledge.com/cw/jenkins CONTENT S Contents cross-referenced List of figures and tables Preface to the third edition Acknowledgements x xii xiii xiv A Introduction: key topics in global Englishes The historical, social, and political context Who speaks English today? Standard language ideology in the Anglophone world Variation across postcolonial Englishes Pidgin and creole languages English as an international lingua franca English in Asia and Europe The future of global Englishes 10 21 27 35 41 45 52 B Development: implications and issues The legacy of colonialism The English Today debate Standards across Anglophone space ‘Legitimate’ and ‘illegitimate’ offspring of English Characteristics of pidgin and creole languages The nature of ELF communication En route to new standard Englishes Possible future scenarios C Exploration: current debates in global Englishes Postcolonial Africa and North America Teaching and testing global Englishes Standards across channels ‘Sub’-varieties of English: the example of Singlish Creole developments in the UK and US ELF and education Asian Englishes: focus on India, Hong Kong, and China Language killer or language promoter? 57 58 64 69 80 85 90 99 105 111 112 120 128 140 146 155 161 172 viii CONTENTS D Extension: readings in global Englishes The discourses of postcolonialism (Alastair Pennycook) Who owns English today? (Henry G Widdowson) Is language (still) power in the Inner Circle? (Lesley Milroy, Alfred Lee and Dennis Bloodworth) From language to literature (Chinua Achebe and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o) The status of pidgin languages in education (Samuel Atechi) The challenge of testing ELF (Jennifer Jenkins and Constant Leung) Attitudes to non-native Englishes in China and mainland Europe (Ying Wang and Ulrich Ammon) Looking ahead (Alastair Pennycook) Further reading References Glossarial index 181 182 190 197 206 215 223 230 240 248 251 272 This page intentionally left blank D3 198 READINGS IN GLOBAL ENGLISHES and all dialects of any language, are equally good” This “liberal orthodoxy”, Honey believed, far from protecting underprivileged children, has “inflicted lasting educational damage” on them (back cover) and is in need of remediation in both Britain and the US In the following year, a book taking a rather different view was published: Language Myths edited by the linguist Laurie Bauer and the sociolinguist Peter Trudgill (1998) This book set out to precisely the opposite of Honey’s That is, its twentyone articles each take a particular belief about ‘correct’ English, and demonstrate its mythical nature The article reproduced below focuses on English grammar, discussing it in precisely the ‘liberal’ manner so despised by Honey It is followed by two articles which appeared in May 2001 in the Singaporean newspaper, The Straits Times, one by the Speak Good English Campaign supporter (see C4) Alfred Lee lamenting the deterioration in the use of English by its native speakers in Britain, the other a response two days later from the non-prescriptivist Dennis Bloodworth Lesley Milroy Bad Grammar is Slovenly Lesley Milroy (reprinted from Laurie Bauer and Peter Trudgill (eds) Language Myths, London: Penguin, 1998: 94–101) /LNHPRVWODQJXDJHP\WKVWKLVRQHEHJVDQXPEHURITXHVWLRQVVXFKDVWKHIROORZLQJ ❑ :KDWLVPHDQWE\¶EDGJUDPPDU·" ❑ :KDWLVPHDQWE\¶JUDPPDU·" &DQSDUWLFXODUVHQWHQFHVRIWKH(QJOLVKODQJXDJHUHDVRQDEO\EHGHVFULEHGDV¶VORYHQO\· ² RU¶ODFNLQJLQFDUHDQGSUHFLVLRQ·DFFRUGLQJWRRQHGLFWLRQDU\GHÀQLWLRQ"7KHTXHVW IRUDQVZHUVH[SRVHVWKHP\WKWRFULWLFDOVFUXWLQ\ 1HZVSDSHUIHDWXUHVOHWWHUFROXPQVDQGWKHPDLOER[HVRIWKH%%&DUHJRRGSODFHV WRÀQGFRPSODLQWVDERXWEDGJUDPPDU$ULFKKDUYHVWPD\EHJDWKHUHGLIODQJXDJHXVH EHFRPHV WKH VXEMHFW RI SXEOLF GHEDWH RU LI FXUUHQW HGXFDWLRQDO SROLFLHV DUH IRFXVLQJ RQ (QJOLVK WHDFKLQJ DQG WHVWLQJ ,Q %ULWDLQ UHFHQWO\ PDQ\ MXGJHPHQWDOUHPDUNVKDYH EHHQDLUHGDERXW¶(VWXDU\(QJOLVK·WKHQDPHJLYHQWRDYDULHW\RIWKHODQJXDJHZKLFK LVVSUHDGLQJERWKVRFLDOO\DQGJHRJUDSKLFDOO\ ([DPSOHVRIVSHFLÀFFRQVWUXFWLRQVRIWHQGHVFULEHGDVEDGJUDPPDUFDQEHSODFHG LQ DW OHDVW WKUHH FDWHJRULHV7KH ÀUVW H[HPSOLÀHG LQ VHQWHQFHV ² DORQJ ZLWK WKH SUHVXPHG FRUUHFWIRUPLQLWDOLFVUHJXODUO\RFFXULQWKHVSHHFKDQGZULWLQJRI HGXFDWHGSHRSOH :KRDP,VSHDNLQJWR"To whom am I speaking? 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