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GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES VERBS FOLLOWED BY V-ING avoid (tránh ) + V-ING admit (thừ a nhận ) advise (khuyên nhủ ) appreciate (đánh giá ) complete ( hoàn thành ) consider ( xem xét ) delay ( trì hỗn ) deny ( từ chối ) discuss ( thảo luận ) 10 dislike ( khơng thích ) 11 enjoy ( thích ) 12 finish ( hoàn thành ) 13 keep ( tiếp tục ) 14 mention (đề cập ) 15 mind ( phiền , ngại ) 16 miss (nhớ , bỏ lỡ ) 17 postpone ( trỉ hoãn ) 18 practice (luyện tập ) 19 quit (nghỉ , ) 20 recall ( nhắc nhở , nhớ ) 21 recollect ( nhớ ) 22 recommend (nhắc nhở ) 23 resent (bực tức ) 24 resist (kháng cự ) 25 risk ( rủi ro ) 26 suggest (đề nghị ) 27 tolerate (tha thứ ) 28 understand ( hiểu ) 29 can’t help (ko thể tránh/nhịn được) 30 can’t stand ( ko thể chịu đựng đc ) 31 can’t bear ( ko thể chịu đựng đc ) 32 It is no use / It is no good ( vơ ích ) 33 would you mind (có phiền ko) 34 to be used to ( quen với ) 35 to be/get accustomed to (quen …) 36 to be busy ( bận rộn ) 37 to be worth ( xứng đáng ) 38 to look forward to (trông mong ) 39 to have difficulty / fun / trouble 40 TO GO + V-ING VERBS FOLLOWED BY TO V afford (đủ khả ) + TO – V1 agree (đồng ý ) appear ( xuất ) arrange ( xếp ) ask ( hỏi , yêu cầu ) beg ( nài nỉ , van xin ) care ( chăm sóc ) claim (địi hỏi , yêu cầu ) consent ( lòng ) 10 decide ( định ) 11 demand ( yêu cầu ) 12 deserve ( xứng đấng ) 13 expect ( mong đợi ) 14 fail ( thất bại ) 15 hesitate (do dự ) 16 hope (hi vọng ) 17 learn ( học ) 18 manage (sắp xếp ) 19 mean (ý định ) 20 need ( cần ) 21 offer (đề nghị ) 22 plan ( lên kế hoạch ) 23 prepare ( chuẩn bị ) 24 pretend ( giả vờ ) 25 promise ( hứa ) 26 refuse ( từ chối ) 27 seem ( dường ) 28 struggle (đấu tranh ) 29 swear ( xin thề ) 30 threaten (đe doạ ) 31 volunteer ( tình nguyện ) 32 wait (đợi ) 33 want ( muốn ) 34 wish ( mong ) O + TO V advise + O + TO - V1 allow ( cho phép ) ask ( yêu cầu ) beg ( van xin ) cause ( gây ) challenge ( thách thức ) convince ( thuyết phục ) dare ( dám ) encourage ( khuyến khích) 10 expect ( mong đợi ) 11 forbid ( cấm ) 12 force ( buộc ) 13 hire ( thuê ) 14 instruct ( hướng dẫn ) 15 invite ( mời ) 16 need ( cần ) 17 order ( lệnh ) 18 permit ( cho phép ) 19 persuade ( thuyết phục ) 20 remind ( nhắc nhở ) 21 require (đò hỏi ) 22 teach ( dạy ) 23 tell( bảo ) 24 urge ( thúc giục ) 25 want ( muốn ) 26 warn ( báo trước ) Ex: She allowed me to use her car Ex : We agree to start early NOTE : * Một số động từ tri giác theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu V-ING ( xảy ): o SEE o LOOK AT o SMELL o OBSERVE o TASTE o WATCH o LISTEN TO o NOTICE o FEEL o HEAR * Các nhóm từ động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu : động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu :c động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu :ng từ động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu : theo sau động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu :ng từ động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu : ngun mẫu :u : NOTHING BUT ( khơng …nhưng ) HAD BETTER ( nên … ) WOULD RATHER ( thích ….hơn ) LET / HELP / MAKE CANNOT BUT ( khơng cịn cách ) HAVE + O + V(bare inf) MODULE 16: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU (GERUND AND INFINITIVE) Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Những động từ theo sau “Ving” STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa Admit doing st thú nhận làm Deny doing st phủ nhận làm Appreciate doing st cảm kích làm Avoid doing st tránh làm Delay/postpone/put off doing st hỗn lại làm Hate/detest/resent doing st ghét làm Enjoy/fancy doing st thích làm Imagine doing st tưởng tượng làm Involve doing st có liên quan làm 10 Keep doing st làm 11 Mention doing st đề cập làm 12 Mind doing st phiền/ngại làm 13 Miss doing st suýt, lỡ làm 14 Tolerate doing st chịu đựng làm 15 Practice doing st thực hành làm 16 Recall doing st nhớ lại làm 17 Consider doing st xem xét, cân nhắc làm 18 Resist doing st phản đối làm 19 Risk doing st liều lĩnh làm 20 Suggest doing st gợi ý làm 21 Finish doing st hồn thành làm 22 Recommend doing st đề xuất làm 23 Be busy doing st bận làm 24 Be worth doing st đáng làm 25 Look forward to doing st mong đợi làm 26 Feel like doing st thích/muốn làm 27 There is no point in doing st khơng đáng làm = It’s no use/good doing st 28 Get/be accustomed/used to doing st quen làm 29 Spend time doing st dành thời gian làm 30 Waste time doing st lãng phí thời gian làm 31 Have difficulty (in) doing st gặp khó khăn việc làm 32 Can’t help/stand/bear doing st chịu/nhịn Những động từ theo sau “TO V”ng động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu :ng từ động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu : theo sau “TO V”i “TO V” Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES STT Cấu trúc Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Nghĩa Page GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Afford to st có đủ khả làm Agree to st đồng ý làm Arrange to st xếp làm Appear to st hóa Ask to st yêu cầu làm Attempt to st nỗ lực làm Care to st quan tâm làm Choose to st chọn làm Claim to st thú nhận làm 10 Decide to st định làm 11 Demand to st yêu cầu làm 12 Deserve to st xứng đáng làm 13 Expect to st mong muốn làm 14 Fail to st thất bại làm 15 Happen to st tình cờ làm 16 Hesitate to st ngập ngừng làm 17 Hope to st hy vọng làm 18 Intend to st dự định làm 19 Learn to st học làm 20 Manage to st xoay xở làm 21 Neglect to st nhãng làm 22 Offer to st đề nghị làm 23 Plan to st có kế hoạch làm 24 Prepare to st chuẩn bị làm 25 Pretend to st giả vờ làm 26 Promise to st hứa làm 27 Propose to st đề xuất làm 28 Refuse to st từ chối làm 29 Seem to st dường làm 30 Swear to st thề làm 31 Tend to st có khuynh hướng làm 32 Threaten to st dọa làm 33 Vow to st thề làm 34 Wait to st chờ làm 35 Want to st muốn làm 36 Wish to st ước mơ làm 37 Would like to st muốn, thích làm 38 Yearn/desire to st khát khao làm Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 39 Ask/tell sb to st bảo làm 40 Assume sb to st cho làm 41 Beg sb to st cãu xin làm 42 Believe sb to st tin tưởng làm 43 Cause sb to st khiến cho làm 44 Challenge sb to st mời tham gia vào 45 Command sb to st yêu cầu làm 46 Compel sb to st bắt buộc làm 47 Consider sb to st xem xét làm 48 Enable sb to st làm cho làm 49 Encourage sb to st khuyến khích làm 50 Expect sb to st mong đợi làm 51 Forbid sb to st cấm làm 52 Force sb to st ép làm 53 Get sb to st bảo làm 54 Instruct sb to st dẫn làm 55 Invite sb to st mời làm 56 Order sb to st lệnh cho làm 57 Prefer sb to st muốn làm 58 Persuade sb to st thuyết phục làm 59 Remind sb to st nhắc nhở làm 60 Request sb to st địi hỏi làm 61 Warn sb not to st cảnh báo khơng làm 62 Teach sb to st dạy làm 63 Urge sb to st hối thúc làm 64 Tempt sb to st xúi giục làm 65 Want sb to st muốn làm 66 To/in order to/so as to + V để làm (chỉ mục đích) 67 It takes sb + time + to V tốn thời gian để làm 68 Be about to V = be going to V chuẩn bị làm 69 How/when/where/what/who/whether+ To V 70 Find it adj + to V thấy để làm 71 The first/second/ third/ /last/ only + to V đầu tiên/thứ hai/thứ ba, /cuối cùng/duy làm Những động từ theo sau “TO V, Ving V(bare)” STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Try to st cố gắng làm Try doing st thử làm Remember to st nhớ phải làm Remember doing st nhớ làm Forget to st quên phải làm Forget doing st quên làm Advise sb to st khun làm Advise doing st khuyên làm Allow/permit sb to st cho phép làm Allow/permit doing st cho phép làm Recommend sb to st khun bảo/dặn/đề nghị làm Recommend doing st khuyên bảo/dặn/đề nghị làm Encourage sb to st khuyến khích làm Encourage doing st khuyến khích làm Mean to st dự định làm Mean doing st có nghĩa Regret to st lấy làm tiếc phải làm Regret doing st hối tiếc làm Go on to st tiếp tục làm điều sau hồn tất cơng việc Go on doing st liên tục hành động V(tri giác) + + V(bare) chứng kiến toàn việc Ving chứng kiến phần việc Stop to st dừng lại để làm Stop doing st dừng hẳn làm Need to st cần phải làm Need doing st cần phải làm 14 Help sb do/to st giúp làm 15 Have sb st = get sb to st nhờ làm Have/get st done có làm Used to st thường làm khứ Be/get used to doing st thường làm 10 11 12 13 16 BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Students stopped noise when the teacher came in Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES A make B to make C making D made She couldn’t bear tears when she saw the film “Romeo and Juliet” A shed B to shed C shedding D sheds C cooking/washed D cooking/washing Ann likes but she hates up A cook/washing B to cook/wash I’d expected weight on when I gave up smoking, but I didn’t A to put B putting C to putting D put C listens D listen I enjoy to classical music A listening B to listen I really regret your feeling when I asked you such a silly question A hurt B to hurt C hurting D hurts C not making D not to make C buying D bought C has D had C trying escaping D to try escaping He’ll try the same mistake again A not make B to not make Would you mind me a newspaper? A buy B to buy Would you like the next dance with me? A to have B having 10 It is no use - no one ever gets out of here A trying to escape B to try to escape 11 Did you remember Ann? - Oh, no I completely forgot it A phone B to phone C phoning D phoned 12 Does the city government intend anything about pollution? A B to C doing D.did 13 Those shirts need but you needn’t them now A iron/iron B to iron/to iron C ironing/iron D ironed/to iron 14 They finished and then they wanted out for pleasure A learn/to go B to learn/go C learnt/goes D learning/to go C not doing D to not 15 I hope that tiring work again A not B not to 16 They postponed an Element School for the lack of finance A built B to build C building D builds 17 It’s no use him He never allows anybody him advice A advise/give B to advise/to give C advising/giving D advising/to give 18 Are his ideas worth to? Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES A listen B to listen C listening D listened C met D meeting 19 He always avoids me in the streets A meet B to meet 20 My parents decided a taxi because it was late A take B to take C taking D took C lending D lent C to give D gave 21 Do you agree me some money? A lend B to lend 22 Tom refuses his address A give B giving 23 The passengers asked her how to the police station? A to get B getting C got D get 24 My friends arranged at the airport in time A meet B to meet C meeting D met 25 Do you plan out or at home at this weekend? A go/stay B to go/stay C going/stay D to go/staying 26 I dislike _ in line.- So I That’s why I prefer at night when there are fewer people in the supermarket A wait/shop B to wait/shopping C waiting/shopping D waiting/to shop C to working D working C stopped D stop 27 He continued after his illness A worked B to work 28 My watch’s hands keep A stopping B to stop 29 My grandfather is used to up early in the morning A getting B to get C get D got 30 Don’t forget her my message when you see her A give B to give C giving D gave C considering D considered 31 I can’t help his opinions A consider B to consider 32 You should try any shirts you want to buy A wear B to wear C wearing D wears 33 He used to fall asleep without his shoes off A take B to take C taking D taken 34 He spent many hours to repair his car A try B to try C trying Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool D tries Page GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 35 Mary agreed to the circus with Ann A went B to go C going D goes C buying D buys 36 Mike is considering a new car A bought B to buy 37 Mrs Green prefers TV to to the cinema A watching/go B to watch/going C watching/going D watches/go 38 She expects him tomorrow, but I look forward to _ him right away A see/see B to see/see C see/seeing D to see/seeing C wearing D wore 39 They advised me a raincoat A wear B to wear 40 You’d better what you think in front of the conference A say B to say C saying D said 41 I regret able to attend your birthday party yesterday A not to be B to not be C not be D not being 42 I had to ask the boys billiards all the day A to stop/playing B to stop/to play C stopping/playing D stops/to play 43 My teacher promised me for my next examination A help/prepare B to help/prepare C helping/to prepare D helped/preparing 44 Did you manage these parcels alone? A finishing/to pack B finishing/packing C to finish/to pack D to finish/packing 45 American women have got used to independently recently A live B to live C living D lives 46 We won’t let you what we are going to with him A know B to know C knowing D known 47 I suggest money for the poor people in our neighborhood A save B to save C saving D saved 48 The candidates are not allowed their mobile phones for their exams A take B to take C taking D takes C drunk D drink 49 This coffee is too hot for me A to drink B drinking 50 My English teacher encouraged me English grammar more carefully A to learn B learn C learning D being learned Students stopped noise when the teacher came in A make B to make C making Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool D made Page GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES She couldn’t bear tears when she saw the film “Romeo and Juliet” A shed B to shed C shedding D sheds Ann likes but she hates up A cook/washing B to cook/wash C cooking/washed D cooking/washing I’d expected weight on when I gave up smoking, but I didn’t A to put B putting C to putting D put C listens D listen I enjoy to classical music A listening B to listen I really regret your feeling when I asked you such a silly question A hurt B to hurt C hurting D hurts C not making D not to make C buying D bought C has D had C trying escaping D to try escaping He’ll try the same mistake again A not make B to not make Would you mind me a newspaper? A buy B to buy Would you like the next dance with me? A to have B having 10 It is no use - no one ever gets out of here A trying to escape B to try to escape 11 Did you remember Ann? - Oh, no I completely forgot it A phone B to phone C phoning D phoned 12 Does the city government intend anything about pollution? A B to C doing D.did 13 Those shirts need but you needn’t them now A iron/iron B to iron/to iron C ironing/iron D ironed/to iron 14 They finished and then they wanted out for pleasure A learn/to go B to learn/go C learnt/goes D learning/to go C not doing D to not 15 I hope that tiring work again A not B not to 16 They postponed an Element School for the lack of finance A built B to build C building D builds 17 It’s no use him He never allows anybody him advice Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page 10 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES A advise/give B to advise/to give C advising/giving D advising/to give C listening D listened C met D meeting 18 Are his ideas worth to? A listen B to listen 19 He always avoids me in the streets A meet B to meet 20 My parents decided a taxi because it was late A take B to take C taking D took C lending D lent C to give D gave 21 Do you agree me some money? A lend B to lend 22 Tom refuses his address A give B giving 23 The passengers asked her how to the police station? A to get B getting C got D get 24 My friends arranged at the airport in time A meet B to meet C meeting D met 25 Do you plan out or at home at this weekend? A go/stay B to go/stay C going/stay D to go/staying 26 I dislike _ in line.- So I That’s why I prefer at night when there are fewer people in the supermarket A wait/shop B to wait/shopping C waiting/shopping D waiting/to shop C to working D working C stopped D stop 27 He continued after his illness A worked B to work 28 My watch’s hands keep A stopping B to stop 29 My grandfather is used to up early in the morning A getting B to get C get D got 30 Don’t forget her my message when you see her A give B to give C giving D gave C considering D considered 31 I can’t help his opinions A consider B to consider 32 You should try any shirts you want to buy Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page 11 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES A wear B to wear C wearing D wears 33 He used to fall asleep without his shoes off A take B to take C taking D taken 34 He spent many hours to repair his car A try B to try C trying D tries 35 Mary agreed to the circus with Ann A went B to go C going D goes C buying D buys 36 Mike is considering a new car A bought B to buy 37 Mrs Green prefers TV to to the cinema A watching/go B to watch/going C watching/going D watches/go 38 She expects him tomorrow, but I look forward to _ him right away A see/see B to see/see C see/seeing D to see/seeing C wearing D wore 39 They advised me a raincoat A wear B to wear 40 You’d better what you think in front of the conference A say B to say C saying D said 41 I regret able to attend your birthday party yesterday A not to be B to not be C not be D not being 42 I had to ask the boys billiards all the day A to stop/playing B to stop/to play C stopping/playing D stops/to play 43 My teacher promised me for my next examination A help/prepare B to help/prepare C helping/to prepare D helped/preparing 44 Did you manage these parcels alone? A finishing/to pack B finishing/packing C to finish/to pack D to finish/packing 45 American women have got used to independently recently A live B to live C living D lives 46 We won’t let you what we are going to with him A know B to know C knowing D known 47 I suggest money for the poor people in our neighborhood A save B to save C saving Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool D saved Page 12 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 48 The candidates are not allowed their mobile phones for their exams A take B to take C taking D takes C drunk D drink 49 This coffee is too hot for me A to drink B drinking 50 My English teacher encouraged me English grammar more carefully A to learn B learn C learning Preposition follows Adj/V/N (giới từ)i từ động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu :) TO FOR acceptable to sb available for th / to sb accustomed to sth good/ bad for agreeable to sb difficult for contrary to sth helpful for harmful to sb famous for similar to late for important to necessary for kind to sb perfect fo sth useful to sorry for sb/ doing 10 open to sth 11 pleasant to 10 suitable for 12 rude to sb 11 useful for AT clever/ good/ bad/ quick at 2.surprised /astonished/shocked at present at FROM absent from different from far from safe from safe from divorced from tired from (met) D being learned OF ashamed of sb afraid of ahead of aware of capable of confident of sth doubtful of full of hopeful of 10 independent of 11 proud of 12 tired of (chan) WITH acquainted with angry with bored with busy with crowded with friendly with familiar with sth / to sb popular with fed up with 10 pleaded with 11 disappointed with ABOUT anxious about confused about worried about sad/ happy aboout serious about sorry about ath IN / ON 1.interedted in keen on 3.rich in 4.dependent on confident in sb of sth successful in REDUCTION RELATIVE CLAUSES Khi động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể chủ động + am/is/are/was/were + V-ing +V1/Vs/es +V2/ed +has/have + V3/ed => Bỏ ĐTQH,Bỏ trợ động từ có,Động từ => V-ing Khi động từ ,mệnh đề quan hệ thể bị động +am/is/are/was/were + V3/ed +have/has + been + V3/ed => Bỏ ĐTQH, Bỏ trợ động từ có,Động từ => V-3/ED Khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ đứng sau “first/last/second/only/ next/one/dạng so sánh để much đích,sự cho phép => Bỏ ĐTQH, Bỏ trợ động từ có Động từ => To-V( chủ động) Động từ => to be V3/ed ( bị động) Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool E.g: That man,who is standing over there,is my best friend => That man,standing over there,is my best friend E.g: The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital =>The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital E.g: He was the last man who left the burning building => He was the last man to leave the burning building E.g This is the second person who was killed in that way Page 13 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES => This is the second person to be killed in that way Rút gọn mệnh đề cụm danh từ có dạng: S + Be + N /cụm N/cụm giới từ => Bỏ ĐTQH, Bỏ be E.g: Football,which is a popular sport,ivery good for health => Football, a popular sport,ivery good for health Mệnh đề quan hệ chứa tobe tính từ/cụm tính từ => Bỏ ĐTQH, Bỏ be giữ nguyên tính từ phía sau E.g:My grandmother,who is old and sick,never goes out of the house => My grandmother, old and sick,never goes out of the house LƯU Ý: 1/ĐTQH + BE(am/is/are/was/were) + V-ing + Be + V3/ed + Be + Cụm giới từ/cụm danh từ , cụm tính từ TA BỎ : ĐTQH + BE 2/ Khi chủ ngữ( danh từ trước dấu gạch) vật , sau dấu gạch có “ BY” ta chọn V3/ED Khi danh từ trước dấu gạch người ta ưu tiên chon V-ING BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG / Choose the correct answer : 1/.Look ! The boy at the desk is Mary’s boyfriend A stand B stands C standing D st ood 2/ The little boy _ by the dog held his mother ‘s arm tightly A frighten B frightens C frightening D frightened 3/ They suggest that the beer _ on T.V should be banned A advertise B to advertise C advertising D advertised 4/ Films _ in theaters for entertainment are the best known A showing B shown C showed D to be showing 5/ The boy at the desk is Mary’ s new boy friend A stand B to stand C stood D standing 6/ The woman next door is often willing to help us whenever we are in difficulty A to live B living C lived D live 7/ Today there are many people _ English A that speaking B to speaking C speaking D speak 8/.I’m reading a book _ by Jack London A was written B that wrote C written D which written 9/.The boy _ next to me in the evening class is very clever A.sitting B to sit C who sit D whom sits 10/ We are living in the house _ by green tree A is surrounded B that surrounded C to be surrounded D surrounded 11/.Do you know the woman to the head master ? A is talking B she is talking C talking D talked 12/.The energy _ by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps A that is producing B which produces C producing D produced 13/ She is the only one in the discussion _ to using nuclear power A objects B objected C to object D whom objects 14.The old man _ a black suit is a famous energy researcher Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page 14 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES A to wear B wearing C whom is wearing 15 John was the last applicant _ for a position in that energy station A to interview B.which is interviewed C interviewing 29 The scientists D is wearing D to be interviewed on this project try to find the solutions to air pollution A working B worked 30 The girl is our neighbor C are working D who working A talks to the lady over there C was talking to the lady over there B is talking to the lady over there D talking to the lady over there 33 Taj Mahal, _ by Shah Janhan for his wife, is thought to be one of the great architectural wonders of the world A building B to build C built D to be built 34 Mr.Jones, I was working, was generous about overtime payments A he B for whom 36 He was the last man _ the ship C for him A who leave B to leave C leaving 37 The nurse _from Japan can speaking English well D whom D left A which comes B who come C coming D came 38 More than a mile of roadway has been blocked with trees, stones and other debris, the explosion A causing B caused by C which caused by D which caused 39 I have a message for people by the traffic chaos A to delay B who delay C delayed D who delaying 40 Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex is the 8th World Heritage in Viet Nam by UNESCO A to be recognised B to recognise C recognising 41 Tom was the last the classroom yesterday D recognised A to leave B leaving C left D leaves 42 The palace _ many centuries ago remains practically intact A building B to build C built D people build 43 Many of the pictures from outer space are presently on display in the public library A sending B sent C which sent D which is sending 44 The house in the storm has now been rebuilt A destroyed B destroying C which destroyed 45 The man at the blackboard is our teacher A stood B stands C standing D that is destroyed D to stand Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions ( Reduction Relative Clauses ) Question Half the people _said they would pay more for environmentally friendly food A polled Question B polling C who polled the door, I saw a luxurious car Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool D to poll Page 15 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES A Opened B I opened Question I come from a city C Opening D Upon opened _ located in the southern part of the country A locate B which located C locating D located Question When in a proper way, the Internet is a great way to obtain useful information A use B using Question She’s much into a novel C used D to use by Han Mac Tu A write B written Question He is the only student in the class C writing D which written _ the tricky question A answer B answered Question The two men C who answer _ by the police were released today A arrested B arresting Question The house C arrest _ in red is where John lives A paint B painted Question Although C to paint D painting about work, he refused the idea of giving up A stress B stressing Question 10 The house D to answer D to arrest C stressed D which was stressed in the storm has now been rebuilt A destroyed Question 11 Once potential readers B destroying C which destroyed D that is destroyed into different languages, the novel will gain special attention from A translate Question 12 After B translated A being had B having had C being translate D to translate breakfast with her children, she started to prepare for lunch C have D had Question 13 I have a message for people by the traffic chaos A to delay B who delay C delayed D delaying Question 14 Melanie was the only person a letter of thanks A wrote B written C to write D writing Question 15 If _ to the zoo, our children will be very happy A take B to take Question 16 The drug C taking D taken from the bark of the cinchona tree, is native to South America A derived B to derive Question 17 Front-line workers given much more attention from the public A devote Question 18 If _ courses C deriving D which derived their life to treating the Covid-19 patients need to be B devoting C devoted D who is devoted during the pandemic, schools need to be fully prepared for online A close B closed Question 19 The online conference C closing D is closed to the reinvestment of profit was disrupted by the Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page 16 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES system crash A relating B related C to relate D which relate Question 20 The contraction in China is the starkest economic sign of the damage by the pandemic A caused B causing Question 21 Those C to cause D which caused in taking this online course should contact me at 555-4573 A interesting B who is interested C who interested D interested Question 34 The virus from Wuhan (China) killed millions of people in the world just in five months A emerged B emerge Question 35 Toxic chemicals A release C which emerging D emerging _ into the seas pose a risk to the public health B released C to release D which released MẠO TỪ RULES OF ARTICLES MẠO TỪ A/AN THE CÁCH DÙNG  Dùng trước danh từ số đếm được, nhắc tới lần Trong đó:  a dùng trước danh từ bắt đầu phụ âm  an dùng trước danh từ bắt đầu nguyên âm  Dùng trước danh từ mang ý nghĩa “một"  Dùng trước danh từ nghề nghiệp  Dùng cụm từ số lượng  Một số trường hợp ngoại lệ cách sử dụng a/an: - a uniform (một đồng phục) - a university (một trường đại học) - an hour (một giờ) - an honest man (một người đàn ông thật thà) - a one-eyed man (một người đàn ông mắt chột) - a one-way road (đường chiều) - a useful way (một cách hữu ích) - an SOS (một tín hiệu cấp cứu) - a union (một liên minh, đồng minh) - a unit (một đơn vị) - a European (một người châu Âu) - an M.A (một cử nhân) - an honorable man (một người đáng kính)  Dùng trước danh từ nhắc tới từ lần thứ hai trở  Dùng trước danh từ chúng xác định mệnh đề/mệnh đề quan hệ phía sau  Dùng trước danh từ nhất, độc  Dùng trước số thứ tự  Dùng trước tính từ để tạo thành danh từ người dạng số nhiều  Dùng trước tên quốc gia tận -s số quốc gia số  Dùng trước tên loại nhạc cụ, phải đứng sau động từ “play”  Dùng trước tên địa điểm công cộng Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page 17 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES KHÔNG DÙNG MẠO TỪ  Dùng trước danh từ tên riêng dạng số nhiều để gia đình nhà họ  Dùng trước tính từ so sánh so sánh kép  Dùng trước tên sông, suối, biển, đại dương, sa mạc, dãy núi  Dùng trước danh từ mà người nói người nghe biết rõ  Dùng trước buổi ngày  Dùng trước tên tờ báo  Dùng trước tên tổ chức  Dùng trước danh từ số tượng trưng cho nhóm động vật, lồi đồ vật  Dùng trước danh từ phương hướng  Dùng đứng trước danh từ + of + danh từ  Dùng số cụm từ cố định  Dùng trước hospital/church/school/prison mang ý nghĩa khác  Trước tên môn học  Trước tên môn thể thao  Trước danh từ số nhiều không xác định  Trước danh từ không đếm  Trước tên phương tiện giao thông, phải đứng sau giới từ "by"  Trước danh từ màu sắc  Sau tính từ sở hữu sau danh từ sở hữu cách  Trước tên bữa ăn  Trước thứ, ngày, tháng, năm, mùa (nếu không xác định)  Trước tên quốc gia (trừ quốc gia liệt kê mục 2), tên châu lục, tên núi, tên hồ, tên đường  Trước danh từ trừu tượng Nhưng: the United States, the United Kingdom, the Philippines, the Netherlands Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions Question 1: I have bought new shirt which matches jacket I bought last week A some/a B the/a C a/the D some/the Question 2: Could you lend me some more? I’ve spent money you gave me yesterday A Ø B the C a D an Question 3: The principle river in Wales is Severn, which flows from the slopes of Plynlimon to English border A Ø / Ø B the/the C a/the D the/a Question 4: Until recently economy of southern United States was based on cotton A an/the/ Ø B the/ Ø/Ø C the/the/the D the/the/ Ø Question 5: I still keep wondering if I was doing right thing when I asked my father for permission to leave school A a/ ØB the/ Ø C Ø D Ø/a Question 6: We needed house to live in when we were in London A a B the C any D Ø Question 7: You are only person whose opinion is of any value to me in present regrettable circumstances A the/Ø B the/the C the/a D Ø/the Question 8: The boy told me he hated doctors A the B some C Ø D a Question 9: He had laughing eyes and most charming mouth A the/the B a/a C Ø/a D Ø/the Question 10: My brother hopes to travel around the world next summer A a B an C the D Ø (no article) Question 11: Richard Byrd was first person in history to fly over North Pole A the - a B the - Ø C the - the D Ø - Ø Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page 18 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Question 12: university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees A A B An C The D Some Question 13: In most developed countries, up to 50 % of population enters higher education at some time in their lives A the / Ø B Ø / Ø C the / the D Ø / the Question 14: Reports are coming in of a major oil spill in Mediterranean A an B Ø C the D a Question 15: non-verbal language is important aspect of interpersonal communication A The - a B Ø - an C A - the D The - Ø Question 16: Is it acceptable to touch person on shoulder in a conversation? A a - the B the - a C the - the D a - a Question 17: The excursion is unique opportunity to discover wild in its natural beauty A an - Ø B a - the C the - the D an - the Question 18: colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education A Ø - Ø B The - Ø C The - the D Ø - the Question 19: I have left my book in kitchen and I would like you to get it for me A the B a C Ø D an Question 20: Of all the world’s major oceans, Arctic Ocean is the shallowest A an B the C a D Ø Question 21: My uncle’s company made a very good profit in 1990s A the B Ø C a D an Question 22: Park Hang-seo, who is the head coach of Vietnam national football team, is a new idol of many people A Ø B a C the D an Question 23: Africa has always had a large migratory population because of war and famine A a B an C the D Ø Question 24: My neighbor is photographer Let’s ask him for advice about color film A a - the B the - an C a - Ø D the - the Question 25: The man grew up in orphanage in United Kingdom A the/ an B an/ the C an/ an D the/ Ø Question 26: Housewives find it easier to domestic chores thanks to invention of labour-saving devices A an B some C the D a Question 27: Apparently, science, mathematics, and technology are defined as much by what they and how they it as they are by results they achieve A the / the B Ø / the C Ø / Ø D the / Ø Question 28: More and more investors are pouring money into food and beverage start-ups A the B a C an D Ø Question 29: man suffering from shock should not be given anything to drink A A/the B The/ a C Ø/ aD A/ Ø Question 30: I won’t be home for dinner this evening I’m meeting some friends after work and we’re going to cinema A Ø/the/Ø B The/Ø/Ø C Ø/Ø/the D Ø/the/the Question 31: “Did you have nice holiday?” - “Yes, it was best holiday I have ever had.” A a - the B the - the C the - a D a - a Question 32: A worrying conclusion in the study called “Heat and Learning” is that global warming may affect the future income of students around the world A the/ the B Ø/ the C a/ many D Ø/ Ø Question 33: The escaping prisoner camped in woods but he didn’t light fire because smoke rising from the wood might attract attention Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page 19 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES A the/a/ Ø /Ø B a/the/the/Ø C the/a/ Ø/the D a/a/ Ø/Ø Question 34: My brother has been playing piano since he was a small child A the B a C no article D an Question 35: Donald Trump is president of United States A the/the B a/Ø C the/an D the/Ø Question 36: Our planned visit to United Kingdom fell through because we were unable to get the visas A a B an C the D no article Question 37: According to National Weather Service, cyclones are areas of circulating winds that rotate counterclockwise in Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in Southern Hemisphere A Ø/Ø/the/the/the B the/Ø/Ø /the/the C the/Ø/the/Ø/Ø D the/Ø/Ø/an/the Question 38: Bodies of dead in the tragic accident yesterday were taken away A the B a C an D Ø Question 39: Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a country with a great patriotism through its history A The B A C An D Ø Question 40: My parents hope to travel around world next summer A a B an C the D Ø Question 41: A recent survey has shown that increasing number of men are willing to share the housework with their wives A a B an C the D some Question 42: First our team should identify specific need in the community and then carry out a project to address that need A an B Ø C a D the Question 43: Domestic appliances like washing machines and dishwashers have made life much easier A the B a C Ø D An Question 44: We moved to the countryside because we wanted to be close to nature A a B the C an D Ø Question 45: She was drinking glass of orange juice A a B the C Ø D an Question 46: Mrs Florida felt that her marriage had become prison A a B the C Ø D an Question 47: Laura is most intelligent girl I’ve ever known A an B Ø C a D the Question 48: residents of the village are living a happy life although they lack modem facilities A Ø/ Ø B Ø/the C the/the D the/Ø Question 49: Tom sat down on edge of a log and looked at glassy surface of the lake A a/a B the/the C Ø/the D the/ Ø Question 50: deposit of pounds is payable by anyone who wishes to become reader of the library A A/a B The/the C The/Ø D The/a Teacher: Đỗ Thị Quỳnh Hương– Chu Văn An Highschool Page 20