Auto CAD cho tự động hóa thiết kế

Auto CAD cho tự động hóa thiết kế

TS NGUV£N VAN HIEN

AUTOCAD

Sach dung cM sinh vien cac trllilng kY thu(lt

(Tai bdn ldn flut hai)

AUTODESK

NHA XUAT BAN GlAo Dl,IC

N gay nay khoa h9C kj thutjt phat triln rat nhanh chong, doi hoi m6i thanh vien trang xii h~i phdi thudng xuyin njp nht)t kiin thuc mCri, c6ng ngh? mCri Tin h9C dang dUf1c ung dlfng r~ng riii va co hi~u qud cao trong cae linh v¥c cua dlii s6ng, trong khoa hqe kj thutjt va quan [y, kinh doanh

Trang vi~c tl! dqng hoa thiet_ ke'va dilu khie"n san xuat, -tin hqc cung dang dU{1c ling dlfng nhie'u Phon mbn AutoCAD cua hang Autodesk dang dU{1c sri dlfng ngay cang r~ng r{ii, diJc bi~t trong thilt kl cac ban vi' kiln true, xdy d1fng, ve ca khi, di~n

tu, hdng kh6ng, bdn dd, sa d6 v.v

6 Vi4t Nam nhie'u lfnh VIfC san xmit, khoa hqc ky thUtjt va doi sling dang doi hoi

cac ky thutjt vien sri dl!ng ttIt phon me'm AutoCAD trong cong vi?c cua minh

CU6'n sach nay t{lO dieu ki~n cho b{ln dflc khai thac AutoCAD mt)t each de dang,

co phucmg phap No dUf/e duc kit III nhilng niim giang dflY cho sinh vien cac truang ky thutjt va cae ca quan thilt ke~ T iii li¢u L·O 3 phon:

- Phon mt)t: tll chucmg 1 den chuang 8, trinh bay cach ltjp ban vi' phJng (2D);

- {'han hai: tll chuang 9 den chucmg 12, trinh bay cach t{lO ban vi'm6 hlnh kh6ng gian (3D); each xudt m~t ban vi'ma hl'nh sang phdn mem khac va ra giay; ngoai ra huimg dan blJn dflC each tflo hinh anh dqng

- Phon ba: huimg dan thlfC hanh cac bai ttjp t6ng hqp dl b{ln dqe tlf hqc m~t each

de dang

Cuan sach nay nhu m~t giao trinh rna Cae b{ln t6 thl dung dl II! h'lc va tham khao ling dl:'ng rat thutjn /¢ trong thiet kl cae /Jan ve

Tuy nhien do trinh dq co hlJn, sach edn co thie" 501 mong b{ln dqc dong gop y

kUn Thu gop y xin gw ve dia chi: Nhd ':coo, ban diao dlf.c· - 81 Tran HUng D{lO - HiJ

Nri HOfle theo di?n tho{li cua tac gid : 8693418

TACGIA

CHUONG J

? - '

MO DAU VE AUTOCAD

1.1 GIOI THI¢U AUTOCAD

Trang th~p ky 90, vi¢c khai thac di~n tmio ia van d~ hang driu d~ nang cao nang sufit, hi~u qu{'\ cang vi¢c (1 c;ic dan V! kinh te, ky thu~t M¢t trang nhung l"inh VL!C (juan tn;mg eua Tin h9c Ii! ky thu(11 do hQ<l Iren may tfnh ullg dl,mg trong de 110h VL!C khoa hQc ky thu~t (d~c

hi¢t III b'lil vc 'hie! ke) Co ohieu h~ thong chuang Irinh da duqc xtlY d'!I1g eho tl! d¢ng haa thiet ke Nam 19X5 c6 cUQc Irico Jam v~ "Ky thu(11 may tfoh eha thiet ke xay dL!ng" t i thanh ph6 Chicago da gioi thi¢u ohieu h¢ thong phi'in mem eho thiel ke Irq giup bang may tfnh kha mo.toh VI dl,lllhu:

- H¢ thong SAP (Structural Analysis Programs) cua My, de C(lp den phuong phap philo

lu hilu h • 1n va ky thu<~t kct cau trang nganh x[ty dl,Ing

- H¢ CHARVITE ella hang Le Mousieur Consultant eua Phap M thiet ke, tfnh toan va

ve de mai khung nhiL Di).e bi~t h¢ nay co th~ "dQe" ban ve

- H¢ SSCAD eua hang Space Structure Internation Corporation cua My de tfnh tmin, thiet ke va II! d¢ng hoa ehuydn IU giai do""n thiet ke den dieu khien cac thiet bi che t<,to (CAD/CAM)

- HG AUSTIN (Automated Structural Design lntergrated System) cua NhQ.t dung de thiet

kc eho nh~l 100 tdng

- H¢ BUILDS (Building Design System) eua NamTrieu Ti~n dung de t1nh toan ket c:iu thep, be-tong, nen mong va, tfrih,kh6i luqng gla thanh, 've ban ve

- H~ MICROFEAP cola lMiLan dung trohg thi€t k~ ktt cau h~thanh dam "im

-H~ phan m~m CADKEY eua hang CADKey vll h¢ AutoCAD eua hang AutoDesk elLa

My duqe su dl,lng rAt n)ng rai tr~n.the gi6LNhung h¢ AutoCAD Iii hang dang dan dau v~

h~ th6ng thiet ke trq gi6p bang rnaY tlnh No Ia phan mem rii'l m<,tnh, cung cfip cac IGnh M t<;lo l~p ban ve chinh xae, nhanh eh6ng va sua dOi dugc ngay AutoCAD con cho pticp nguoi thiet k€ d!ch ehuyen, sao ehep, tay x6a lhu phong va sap d~t cae d6i tuqng ve No

co the xufft ban ve ra gifiy qua lTI"l.y ve (Piotter) hay may in (Printer) bang d.e C[1lI l~nh dan gUm D[ly In h¢ thong ma cho phep nguoi' su dl:mg 11,1' 1<;'.0 them cae tiGn feh cae ung dl;lng rieng va giao tiep vai cae phan mem khac Cho nen kha nang (mg dl;lng ella AutoCAD la rat r¢ng rai

C6ng ngh~ thiet kc va gia eong duqe trq giup eua may tfnh (CAD_Computer Aided Design CAM_Computer Aided Manufacturing) dang duqe sir dl,lng nhi~u trong cae I1nh

5

vt!-c ley thu~t va trong silO xuilt No thvc sv thay d6i v~ chilt trong cOng tac thii!t ki!, gia cOng

va mang l~i nang sua"t lao d¢ng cao h<1I1, chilt lUQIlg t6t h<1I1

• AutoCAD thuOng duqc ling d~ng trong cac finh V1!c sau: ve kien trUc, xay dvng, ve ky thu~t ca khi, -di¢n tir, O-t6, h~mg khOng, ve ban d6, thitt kt studio nha hat, quay phim, ve cae

'~itu trang ,tri, thiep mai v v

AutoCAD dii duqc nghi~n cUu nhi~u u) nhiing nam 80, wi nam 1987 phitn ban 10 (Release 10) eq ban daqc hoan thi¢n Cho toi nay dii co phi~n ban 12, 13, 14 duqc ph6 bii!n khfip the giOi 0 Vi¢t Nam AutoCAD cGng dang duqc Urig d\1ng trong nhi~u finh V1!c; nhu

du sii d\;lng AutoCAD dang tra thanh ca"p thiet d6i voi nhieu ngam

1.2 MO DAU vt AUTOCAD

1.2.1 So db quan h~ ngulri may trong to d(lng bOa YO thiet ke

I nhi¢m Vt;I thiet ke I

1.2.2 Yeu du thi€t bi de' ch~y AutoCAD

May tinh (Computer)

-m~y vi!! (Plotter)

- may in (Printer)

VaiAutoCAD release 12 (viet tfit laACAD12) doi hoi may I01,li IBM ho~c tuang thich,

co b¢ nho RAM t6i thieu 4MB, nhmg thea y~u cau la phai 8MB, d6ng thai may phai co b~ d6ng xii ly toan thl!C sv Co-processor 8087 Cho n~n co the dung may AT 386 dllqc cai th~m Co-processor 8087 ho~c may AT486 AT586 thi t6t han

V"i ACADl4 may can t6i thi.!" 8MB RAM may AT586 va chay trong WINDOWS-95 hay WINOOWS-NT4.x

Man hinh

V 6i ACAD 12 nen dung card man hlnh c6 b¢ nho 1 MB tra Jen, ho~c c6 th~ dung 2 man hinh: m¢t man hinh Graphics va mQt man hlnh lext

6

• Dill dIng

ACADI2 can may co 6 cling Vai ACADI2 <Ii cling can t6i thitu 20MB b(> nha, nhtmg thea y~u cilu phai la 50MB Ngoai ra vi~c xit 15' thea ch€ dQ b" nha ao (Virtual ',Memory) cho n~n doi hoi dung h.tQ'Og dia tr6ng cang nhi~u cang t6t

• 6 tfia mem: dn co 6 dia mem m~t dQ cao

• Thilt b! vao: chUQt (mouse) ho~c b!lO di~n tit (Tablet)

* H~ dieu hanh: h~ dieu hanh PC_DOS, MSJ)OS (Version 3.3 ho~c mai hem)

• Thill bi xuat ban vi'ra: co thi dung may ve (Plotter) ho~ may iu (Printer)

1.2.3 Giao di~n AutoCAD

a KhOi diing AU/DeAD

co 2 cach d6 khiri d~ng AutoCAD :

1- Khffi dQng bang file acad.exe: Gia sit AutoCAD duqc cai d~t vao 6 ctffig C: vai t~n thu m\lc la ACAD, b~n hay go tu ban phim 4i dau nhac cua DOS:

C:\> CD ACAD ',J <vao thu m~c ACAD>

C:\ ACAD > acad,J <ch~y file cad.exe>

2- KhiJi dOng bang file b61~nh (Batch file) c6 duOi BAT; VI d~ .el2.b.t; b~n chi vi~c

go t~n "ac12" t~i defu nhAc h¢ th6ng:

C:\> acll ,J Chu y: Khi b<).n dii t!).o Batch file dlchl,lY ACAD thi ACAD dn khbi d{)ng bang ten Batch file d6 Dtra; day la m~t VI d~ ~o n~i dung file b.tch viri ten "ACI2.BAT' de khai d~ng ACADI2:

SET ACAD=C:'ACA1JI.SUPPORT;C:\ACAD\ FONTS;C:'ACAIJ\ADS SET ACADCF(M;:\ACAD

SET ACADDRV=C:\ACAJN)RV C:\ACAD\ACAD.EXE 1 % 2%

b Man hinh Au/oCAD'

D6i vOl ACADI2 man hloh la man blnh graphics, xem hlob I-I

Man hlnh do h9' AutoCAD bao g6m cac pMn s.u day:

1· Viing dol h<)a (Graphics area)

2 - Dong I~nh (Command line): 11\ no'i ~ao l¢nh' va hi¢n cae nhAc nha No nam a dum

7

UI thl!e dcm trilj xu6ng va cae hl)p tho<;li, Khi b""n

dua con tro chul)t len dong tr'.lng thai (status line), man hlnh hj~n ra dong Menu Bar, bt),Jl chc,m m(lt menu se

hi~n ra bllllg menu Inii xu6ng (hlnh 1,-3), Tll menu lraJ xu6ng b""n chon J¢nh bfmg each di con tro chu,,' kfch sang ten l¢nh va btlm phfm trili chu(lt (Pick button) ho.)e

5n Enter

- Th~/c don con lro (cursor menu)

D6i vai chul)t 3 mit bam, b5m nut gina (ho~c rin Shifl+nut phai) se hi¢n ra h"p cursor menu

c each )'lio 1~llh di A lIloeAD IJ",lc hi~n

Khi b duai day mall hlnh hi~n ra lai nhAc "Command:" tlre la AutoCAD dang san sang ti€p nh~n It;nh ella b<;lll dua ra B<,ln c6 the V30 l~nh bfing 2 each sau day:

I - Vao l~nh tu ban phim: bf,m go ten l¢nh tll ban phfm sau d6 an Enter ho~c

Space-bar de AutoCAD thlfc hi~n

2 - Vilo I~nh tit Menu: bq.n dung chuQt ho~c lh.blet chi cho AutoCAD bi€t bf,m mu6n

ve b duu va vc di gl oci Hl.In dieu d6 bq.n hay chuyen con tro laj Screen Menu fJ ben phai m~m hlnh, di con Iro kich sang I~nh va bt\"m phfm Imi chu(ll (Pick) 8q.n cung c6 the dua con tro tai dong menu-bar b tren dinh man hlnh, kich sang m"t menu b'.ln mu6n, nhay phfm Pick ehu", sc hi¢n ra Pull-Down Menu de bq.1l chqn J¢nh

Neu dung phfm ehu", thu 3 (gifra) ella ehu(lt ho~c A'n Shifl+phfm phai ChUQI, AutoCAD

se dua ra Ihlfc dcm con Iro (Cursor menu) de b'.ln gQi I~Jlh OSNAP (xem chucmg 2, li€12-12)

8

Donut Ellipse Polygon Rectangle Insert

3D Surfaces

Hatch

Text

Dimensions

Hlnh 1·3: Pull-Down Menu ellll ACADI2

B<,ln c6 th~ l~p l~i mQt I~nh vtra Si'l d~mg b~ng each an phlm chuQt ben phai ho~c Enter, ho~c Space-bar

d Sil' d(lflg cac ky t(t lUlu khid'n, cac phim chrlc nang, go tilt l¢nh

Ngoai cae phfm Enter, Space/wr hay phfm chuQt, cae eh{rc nang dieu khi6n con g6m 2 phfm: Ctrl+ mQt phim khac

Ctrl + C : M huy bo 1 l~nh;

Ctrl + G = F7 : M b~t/dl ch€ di) hi~n l oi (GRID);

Ctrl + 0 ::: F8 : b~t/tat eh€ d¢ ve th~ng dung/nam ngang (Orlho mode);

Ctrl + B = F9 : M b,H/'," ch€ d6 lao l oi (SNAP);

Ctrl + 0 ::: Fl : chuy~n Itl man hlnh Text sang mim hlnh Graphics va nguqe If,li;

F6 : b~t/tat vi~c hi¢n tQa do t~i di6m con Iro dt'mg

* Cac l¢nh co the' go tat

R::: Redraw

Z:::: Zoom

SU dl;lng h¢ don vj do chieu dai va do g6e deu cho a dl mg Ih~p phan Trj s6 dua tir ban phfm vao Ht s6 nguyen hay s6 c6 mang dtlu cham th~p ph1)n G6c co g6c 0 huang sang phili

va ehieu tang ella g6e theo chieu nguqc veti chicu quay kim dOng hO

C6 th~ vao dO' li¢u til ball phim, vao b~ng phfm ehuQI, tablet va eae phlm djeh chuytn sqi t6c (Cross hair)

9

• Ctfc c6ch~""h~ 41lm

+ GO ~Ao'-tQa dQ tuy~t d6i ella diem

+ GO vllQ tQa dQ hrrmg d6i ella diem

+ DUng -phim chul)t, tablet chi diem

+ DUng phim di chuyen tr~n b~m phim

+ Diing Object snap (bilt d6i tuqng) d~ neo con tro vai d6i tuqng dii ve Duai day trlnh bay cae each cho diem hang t<;>a d¢ thuang dung trong thi¢'t k€:

• T(}a dl) tuy~t d61

T<;>a d¢ tuy~t d6i til tr~ 56 thl!c ella cae t<;>a d¢ x,Y,z so ~Oi gae o B~n co the bb qua tq s6 z, hie c1y AutoCAD them van gia tri z bang tQa d¢ hi¢n thai

Vi d~ : 3, 12.5 (x=3, y=12,5)

• T(}a dt) tuong d(j'i

TQa d¢ wang d6i Hl tQa d¢ so vOi diem dii chi d!nh truuc do De cho tQa d¢ tlIang d6i b~n phai them dau @ (At-sign) phfa tnlOc tQa d¢:

@X2,Y-2 so vai diem trl16c do (Xl,Yl) lam goc

Vi d1,l: 010 P2: @S.S, -to, n~u diem chi d~nh tnIac dola Pl(lOO, 50), lhi tQa dQ luang d6i do llIang dUo'I1g vai tQa d¢ tuy~t d6i la (105.5, 40)

• TiJa dt) clfC tuang dOl

TQa d¢ C,!C dlIqc cho biing ban kinh p va g6c quay <po TQa dl) c,!c tlIang d6i dlIqc cho nhlI sau: @ p < <p

Vi d1,l: @ 10< 30.5, nghia la p=lO, goc d~nh hlICmg c.p=30030''so voi di~m vira chi d~nh

lrU6c do

• T!Ja dt) tr~: vi d1,l cho 8<45, 20 nghia ta p=8, c.p=45° va z=20

• TfJa til! cci'u,: vi d1,l cho 8<'45<30 nghia ia p=8, <p=45° va goc so voi m~t phfuJg (x,y) 11130°

co 2 h~ th6ng toa d~: wes (World Coordinate System) 10 h~ toa d~ tM gi&i bay h~ toa d~ chuiln; h¢ thu hai lit ues (Usre Coordinate System) lit h~ tQa d~ ngum dung "10 ra + Hf t9a dr) the' gim WCS: la h¢ tQa dt) chmin c6 dinh Do 1;\ h¢ tQa dl) D~-cac thang g6c, trong d6 tfl:lc 'X nam ngang, trI,lc y thang dUng so v(ri man hinh, con m,.c z vuOng goc voi x,y M~t ph~ng (xy) dlIqc gQi la mi).t ph1lng kic!n t~o (Constuction Plane), xem hlnh 1-4

y

Y(jt pha,q kien tQo

10

+ H~ f(j(j d¢ IIg/(oi dllllg UCS :

H¢ nay do b,!-n tl! t'!-o va co the d~t a bal ky vj 11'1 nao b<;ln mu6n No giup b~n ve die d6i tlCQl1g 3 ehi6u (3D) mqt each de dang S6 luqng cae UCS HI kh6ng hqn chc' Cho nen tren m6i ni~t elJa v~t th~ 3 chi6u bZ.1n d~t mQt UCS rieng de dua v6 ve trong 2 chi6u (2D) mqt

deh d~ dang H ~ tQa d6 duqc djnh huang bang bi~u tltqng (Coordinate System Icon) Bl;In

hay xem vi d~1 hinh J -50 tren

Chi cluj: D~ xJ.c dinh huang dU'O'ng lr~lc z, nglfoi ta dung LJuy I ttl: b~n lay phi'li Hay d~l1 bim lay phai 0 vi tri sao cha ng6n cUi dqc theo chieu du'ang tryc x, ng6n Iro d<;IC chi6u dU'O'llg y, va ng6n giiJa g~p l~i vuOng g6c v6i ng6n cui va ng6n \fa sc chi lmOng dU'O'llg ln~c z

1.2.4 Cae I¢nh ti¢n ich (Utility Commands)

Trong ACAD co ho'Tl 100 l~nh vai nhieu ll!a ch9n (Options) ACAD cung cap l ~nh

HELP de eho b<;ln ro chi tiet ve tUng 1~l1h hOi!-c danh sach to~m b¢ cae I¢nh cua ACAD

Vi dlr De xem chi tiet ve l¢nh ZOOM, b~n go vao dong l¢nh sau:

Command: help

Command name (Return for List): zoom Sau khi vao l¢nh, man hinh xufft hi¢n hqp tho,!-i HELP Trong do co cac m~c:

+ Help Item (nwc can trq glup): h<.lIl c6 the g5 ten l¢nh vao

+ Index: khi b<;ln barn vao phfm Ihdex ACAD li¢t ke ra tat d dc I¢nh va d.c bien B,!-n cJ1Qn ml,lc dn xem va nilan vuo OK

I Delete tile I I Unlock file ] I E~it I

H'inh 1-6: Ifl)p Iho<.li ti9n fch FILE ctm ACAD12 _

Li;:NH SHELL (SH)

L¢nh nay eho phcp b:~m tht!c hi ~ n e<l.c li¢n Ich eua h¢ di6u hlmh DOS lrong khi van

con dang 0 t['ong m6i truang ACAD

Command: sh

DOS command: (b~n vao ten l ~n h cua DOS)

De tro ve ACAD b,!-n hay go EXIT

L¢nh nay th6ng bao tr~ng thai hl9n thai cua blm vi!: klch thtroc bim ve, kieu dUOng

net, lap ve vv

II

LENHNEW

U;nh NEW de bar dAu ban ve

maio Sall khi gQi I¢nh n ~ \y mQl hQp

tho<.ti "Create NC\\i Drawing" x a

hien nhu hlnh 1-7

D~ d~t ten eho ban ve m6"i b~n

g6 ten bim ve vao 6 "New Drawing

Name", duOi t¢p tin ban ve

".DWG" ACAD tu them vao Neu

b~n danh da'u "x" VaG 6 "No proto~

type" rue la b~n kh6ng dlmg b~m ve

mftu rieng nao, ACAD se It! dQng

dua vao eho ban vi! mai mt)t ban ve

m&u theo aead.pat Nell b~n mu6n

rieng da: e6, bi.lI1 can nhan phfm

ehllQt vao 6 "Prototype", rai dua

Create New Drawing

Hlnh 1-7: H¢p tho'.li voi I~nh NEW cila ACADt2

ten t~p mfill (d 6 rna va dUOng dAn neu dn) va~ San vB mau nay da: duqe djnh d~ng ve doo

vi do, giai h~n ve, khung ban ve, d~t cae lap ve, die tham s6 kfeh thucre

e hn thich: Khi eho bien FILEDIA gia trj 0, ACAD12 kh6ng dltd r:I h(Jp thol)i Khi d6 b,!n vao ten ban

ve moi eho dong nh~c snu:

12

Enter NAME of Drawing:

8l)n eh(;m I lrong 3 deh tra lai sau:

a Go ten bim ve van (tlee Iii dung bim vi; m~lI m~e djnh trong acad.pnt)

b GOlen ban vi! mm = len ban ve lmiu (VI d~: True 1= MAU2)

c Go Itn han vi; m6i = (IUC la b'.1Il khong dung ban ve mau nito vi d~ Trucl=)

LENHOPEN

L¢nh nay d~ 111& mQt bim ve dfi co ra dci so~n thao

File t:!ame: 1··dWg engine.dwg housepln.dwg nozzle3d.dwg pentagon.dwg planplOf.dwg psfilpal.dwg psglobe.dwg uhadow.dw

•

•

Open Drawing Q.irectOlies:

I, Cancel

!Jpe II find File

I

I

Lisl Files 01 Type: Oriyes:

",IO",ra",wi",ng"'·,,.Oc:W :G, ) _""I hl 1121 dgraph Ipu

DRead Onl/ Mode Ii.] D ~elecllnilial View

H1nh 1·8: H¢p tho,!-i l~nh OPEN ell<! ACADI2

_ Trong d6 b<.tn chQn thl! rnl;lc chua t¢p ban ve dn matrong 0 "Directories" •

khOng sua d6i duqc

LENH CAT BAN vii (GHI LEN DIA)

cat ban ve vai ten cO Illc gQi ra

HQp tho<.ti hi¢n ra b<.ln eho ten file va duang d§.n moi de cat bun ve

LENH THOAT KHOI ACAD (L~NH QUIT)

hlnh xufit hi¢n hQp tho;:ti de b<.ln

Il!a chQIl (hlnh 1-9) Drawing Modilication

nhling thay d6i ella ban ve

khong

r:o""'"""7, ",Th';'C';'CU"1rrent drawing has been ~ch.:.:a~ng~e.:.:d _ _ -,

I¢nh QUlT

LENH UNITS

Hlnh 1-9: HQp thO'.li l¢nh QUIT ella ACADI2

L¢nh nay d€ xac d!nh don V! ve (do chieu dai, do goc, dQ chinh xac)

D6i voi tieu chuan Vi¢t Naill (TCVN) ch9n 2 (h¢ met) V6'i eac h!a chQn 1,2,3 thl

ti€ng Anh):

Number of digits to right of decimal point (0 to 8)< >: (cho s6 s61e sau dau phfiy

thap phan, til I den 8)

Neu chQn chuc nang 4, 5 lh nhl'ic nho tiep Sf Iii:

Denominalor of smallest fraction to display(l, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16,32 or 64)< >: (b'.ln chQn

mall s6 Clla ph.1n ph~n so nha nhA't)

Report formal: (Examples)

Theo TCVN b<.ln nen chQn 2 (d,,/phlit/git\y) Sau do ACAD nhflc nhe, tiep de b",n chQn

Number of fractional places for display of angle(O to 8)< >:

Direction for angle 0: (huang ella g6c 0)

North 12 o'clock = 90

West 9 o'clock = 180

South 6 o'clock = 270

Cu6i cimg de chon chitu duang clla gOc, ACAD nhac nhc,:

Do you want angles measured clock wise?< >:

Il.::m tnl lai "Y" la d6ng y gOc do thea ehieu quay kim d6ng h6, ho~e uN" thea chitu

nguqc I""i (TCVN cho goc ducmg quay nguqc chitu kim d6ng h6)

Chu thieh:

1- ACADt2 con dlla ra Mnh DDUNITS

de hi¢n hQp IhO<,li eho b':ln h!a'chQnlhco cae

nQi dung 1tt(1I1g Ilf nhu Iren xem hlnh 1-10

2- li~l 1.2.3 tr~n dAy dii Irinh bay 2

cach SQi J¢nh Clla AutoCAD: m¢1 la go len

I¢nh lit ban phim; hai Iii van Itnh tit Screen

Menu ho~c Menu Bar 0 drty muOn gQi lenh

UNITS tit Menu la lam nhu sau: bl!-n dung

chuQI kfch sang SE111NG tren Menu

dQC(Scn:cn Menu), ho~c tTen Menu ngang

(Menu &tr), sau d6 di con Iro t6i Mnh

UNITS va nhay phfm pick chu(ll v1\.o d6 Ta

bieu thi qu6 Ir"inh gqi I~nh UNITS tit Menu

Screen Menu> SE1TJNG > Units

Menu &tr> SE1TJNG > Units Control

OK II Cancel II12he ctlon llllelp I L$NII LIMITS

vung ve (khO bim vel

ON/OFF/<Lowcr left corner>< >:

14

Sa1,l khi cho diem g6c trlii duai, ACAD nhac b<;m cho di~m g6c phai tren cua mien chu nh~t gi6i h'.l-n ve:

Upper right comer< >: (cho diem g6c phai tren) Ghi ehu: Sau khi d~t gim h""n vi! bdi I¢nh LIMITS , b~ c6 the dU'a tOIm bl) gioi h{ln ve d6 ra man hlnlJ b~ng I¢nh ZOOM vl'1i li,a ch9n ALL; m~t idt<k khi xu:rt ban ve ra in du<;x: chfnh dc LIMITS dii d~t 1.2.5 T~o b:ln ve khm thuy (Prototype Drawing)

Vice dau lien khi l~p 1 bim ve 1a 1<.to moi truOng cho ban ve chua cae thOng tin ban dau

Do la~ dcm vi do giai h'.ln bim ve, t~o lap, d~t lum, kieu ghi kich thuOc, kieu chiL nhUng thong tin do thuOng it thay dOi d6i v6i nguo; sir d':lng, cho nen thuOng d~t chung thanh 1 file

va gqi la ban vi" khtli thuy (Prototype Drawing - PD) Sau nay mlli khi I~p ban ve mm b~n gqi ten ban ve khai thuy ra dung d~ tranh nh~p di nh~p l~i mi?t 10'.lt cac thong tin ban dau

ve moi tCU'ang ban viS (xem a l¢I1h NEW tiet 1.2.4 treng chuoog nay)

Trong ACAD ding co san ban ve khai thuy trong file acad.dwg nhlffig co mQt s6 thOng tin khOng pho hqp vai tieu chuAn Vi¢t Nam, b'.ln dn d~t l'.1-i

• Cdc butte t~o ban vi' khtli thuy (PD) nhu sau

1-Xac I~p don vi ve, dung ~nh UNITS

2-D~t gim h~ ve (Ung voi khO gilly A4, A3, ), dung I~nh LIMITS

3-f1iin th! toan be> gi6i h'.l-n ve ra man hlnh, dung I¢nh ZOOM h!a 'chqn ALL

4- Ve khung ban ve, khung ten, dung l~nh LINE ho~c PLINE (xem chuong 2, tiet 2-2

va tiet 2-3)

5- D~t cac thOng s6 khac:

* D~t lucri ve, dung l¢nh SNAP va GRID (chuong 2, tiet 2-12)

• Tao lap cho ban ve, dung l¢nh LAYER (xem chuong 6, tiet 6-2)

* T'.lo kieu ghi kich thuac vai cac bien kich thuGC b'.ln chqn, dung l¢nh Dim V AR

* Tl!lo cae kieu viet chil, dung l¢nh STYLE (xem chuoog 5, tiet ·5-f)

6- ott gill han vo khiJi thuy (PD), dung l¢nh SAVE AS

Ghi ehu: cae b!,ln mm h9C AutoCAD ehi dn bim vi! khOi thuy l~p theo cac buUc 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

15

Menu Bar > ORA W > Point

* Go l¢nh tu b~m phfm:

Point <eha tQa dQ ella diem>

ACAD12 dtmg bien POMODE xac djnh cae

d~ng diem khac nhau va bien PDSlZE xac djnh

kfch thucrc di<!m nhu b<'mg sau da.y (hloh 2~ I):

Point Style _ _

2.2 UNE: VO drrang th~ng, drrang gap

khuc thang

* Okh goi l~nh LINE til menu:

Screen Menu> ORA W > Line

* Go l¢nh Ilr ban phfm:

From point: <e1lO diem dau>

To point: <ellO di~m tiep thee>

To point: <eho diem tiep thee,

ho~c U, C, Enter>

C de dong kin ducrng gap khuc

L ~nh oay de ve da tuyen (Polyline) g6m cae

do~n thang va cae eung tron noi tiep nhau_

Point ,S.ize: 15_0000 I"

® Set Size Belative to Screen

o Set Size in Absolute Units

OK I Cancel I 1 tldp I

Hlnh 2-1: H9P Ihm_li ella l~l1h POINT trong

ACADI2

P2 -60'

P3 (100,120)

Hinh 2-2

• each gqi l~nh PLINE til Menu;

Current line width is 0.0000 <~ r¢ng hic;n thai la 0>

ArdClose/HalfwidthILengtblUndolWidtbl<End point of U"e>:

• Dong nMc dO U'ng viti vi'dofln thdng, cac lila chQn de' ve nhu sau:

+ aWn A: chuyen ti':r ve dUCmg thing sang ve Cl\og tron n6i tiep

+ aWn C: dOng kin da tuyl!n l~i

+ ChQn H: de nh~p vaG m'ra be r"ng net ve

+ ChQIl L: de ve do~n thing co chien da:i du<;IC dua VaG va co cung d¢ nghieng vCri dof,lll th~ng tnrac d6.Nt'!u tnJac d6 13, eung tron thi dof,lll th~ng mm tie? xuc v6i cung tron do

+ Ch9n U: x6a do~n vila ve tnrac do

+ Chqn W: chi dinh be r{mg net ve cho do~n til!p theo

+ M~c d!nh: ~n cho tl?a dl) diem thi do la mut thu 2 eua do~n

• Ntu vi' c:ung trim thi dong nhac.: senhu sau :

Angle/CEnter/CLoselDirectionIHalfwidtb/LinelRadiusiSecond

pointiUndolWidtbl<End point of arc>:

+ aWn A: cho goc Om eua eung tron

+ ChQn CE: cho tAm cung trOn

+ ChQn D: chi ra hU6'ng ve cung tron Iii hUOng ti€p tuy€n t~i diem d<iu cung trOn

+ awn R: cho ban kinh cung tIim

VI dw hlnh 2·3

From point: 70,150

Current line width is 0.0000 <~ r(mg hi¢n theJi HI 0>

Arc/Close/LengthlUndo/Width/<End point of line>: @70,0

Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>: a

Arc/Close/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>: @20<90

Arc/Close/Halfwidth!LengthlUndo/Width/<Ilnd point of line>: a

L¢nh circle d~ ve duemg trOll thee cae each x.ac dinh khac nbau:

• Cho 14m va ban klnh (hinh 2-4):

3P/2P{ITR/<Center point>: 75,50 <cho tfun, vi dV 75.50>

Diameter/<Radius>: 30 <cho D ho~c R, vi dl,l cho R=30>

• CII 14m va tI/lllng klnh: lUang !\f nbu Wn

• Clio 3 tJilm (3P)

3P/2PfTIR/<Center>: 3P

First i><>int: <chQ rnem tM nMt>

Second point: <cho diem thil 2>

Third point <cho diem thll 3>

• Cho 2 tIilu mul ella ~I tt/lilng klnll (2P)

3P/2P{ITR/<Center point>: 2P

First point on Diameter: <cho mut thO' 1 ella duemg kfnh>

Second point on Diameter: <cho mut thil 2 ella duang kinh>

• Ve tI/lllng IrOn litp xue v';; 2 tI/lllng eho /rUUc (ITR)

Vi du: hlnh 2-5

3P/2P{ITR/<Center point>: TIR (ho~c T )

Enter tangent spec: <chi dUCmg thtl ohAt PI>

Enter second tangent spec: <chi duCmg thtl 2 Hi P2>

3P/2P{ITR/<Centerpoint>: TIR

Enter tangent spec:

Entersecondtangentspec:

Radius:

<chi duemg thti: nh~t,PI>

<-chi va~ duemg thu 3, P3>

75

* Oich gQi l¢nh ARC til'Menu:

,

I",-,,}"."-",,-' " I

Screen Menu> DRAW> Arc

Menu Bar > DRAW > Arc

* Go I¢nh til' ban phim:

•

Vi! cuog tr«)n theo cac each nhtl sau:

Center/<Start point>: <cho diem PI>

Center/End/<Second point>: <cho diem P2>

- Diim d(iu (Start), tam(Center), diim cud! (End): Pi

S,C,E

Center/<Start point>: <cho diem PI>

Center/End/<Second point>: C

Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: <cho dit!m cu6i P2>

- Diim dau, tlim, g6c om (Include Angle): S, C, A

Center/<Start point>: <cho diem PI>

Center/End/<Second point>: C

Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: A

- EJiim dau, tam, chie'u dai cung (Length oj chord): S, C, L

Center/<Start point>: «ho diem PI>

Center/End/<Secondpoint>: C

Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: L

Length of chord: <cho chieu d~i cung>

- Diim ddu, diim cudi, ban ktnh: S, E, R

- EJiim dciu, diim cutfi, goc dm: S, E, A

Center/<Start point>: <cho diem PI>

PO

19

• Center/<Start pPint>: <coo di<!m PI>

Center/Encl/<Second point>: E

Angle/Direction/Radius/<Center point>: A

• Dilm tlDu, dilm COOl, hU't1ng phdt min: S, E, D

Direction from start point <cho huang g6c quay +, hay ->

- Ve cung tron n6i tiep v6i mQt duimg dti cho

Giii su truac do ta d3: ve 1 duemg thAng hay 1 cung tron, trong l¢nh ARC nell ta ENTER

a dong nhlic da.n tien thl cung tron ve fa se n6i tiep voi duemg dli co

L¢nh ntly de ve dO<p1 thing, duang ga'p khuc co be r~ng net dugc chQo tnroc

• Cich g9i I~nh 1RACE tlr Menu:

• G5 l~nh tir ban phim:

Number of side< >: <cho s6 c~nh da giac>

Edge/<Center of polygon>: <cho Him P, ho~c cho d¢ dai c~>

L¢nh Polygon de ve da giac d~u bang cac cach sau:

+ Neu cho tam P, ACAD nhac nha tiep:

Incribed in circle/Circums cribed abaut circle< >: <b<,m tra Uri I se ve da

giac n¢i titp, tra 1m C ve da giac ngo~i ti~p duang tron> Radius of circle: <cho ban kinh dUCmg ttim >

B~n cho diem la dinh hay diem giita e<,mh da giac 1a toy truemg hqp ve n¢i ti~p hay ngo~i tiep; neu b<.m cho 1 s6 thi d6 13 d¢ dai c<,mh day polygon nam ngang

+ Ntu chl!n E de ve da giac deu bOi 1 c~nh, vai dong nhac nhu sau:

Edge/<Center of polygon>: E

First Endpoint of edge: <cho dinh I cua e~nh>

Second Endpoint of edge: <cho dinh 2 eua c~nh>

• G5 l¢nh tit bim phim:

ACAD dua ra nhi~u ea.ch ve e1ip nhu sau:

- V lip /Ttlngcij.p ban ~c chlnh

<Axis endpoint 1 >/Center: <eho diem mut thu 1 ella true>

<cho diem mut thu 2 eua ~c d6>

Axis endpoint 2:

<Other axis distanee>/Rotation: <eho diem P3 thl ACAD coi ban true thu 2

Is khoang each til tAm den P3, neu cho 1 s6 thi do I d¢ dai ban In!c thtl 2> (hlnh 2-10)

21

- Ve lip bOi Ill'" va 2 ban tr~c

<Axis endpoint I>/Center: C

Center of ellipse: <cho tam P clla elip>

Axis endpoint: <cho PI Ul mut tI1,lc thu I:>

<Other axis distance>!Rotation: <cho n

<Axis endpoint I>/Center: <cho dau mut PI cua I tI1,lc>

Axis endpoint 2: <cho P2 Hi mut thu 2 clla tI1,lc do>

<Other axis distance>/Rotation: R

Rotation around major axis: <cho goc quay>

TI1,Ic chinh PIP2 do xem nhll dllCmg kinh cua 1 vong him vong trim nay dllqc quay di m()t goc va dllqc chieu len m~t ph~g ban ve thanh e1ip

- Vi" dip ltJ hinh chie'u cua 1 vong tron trong

kinh chieu trl;lc do

Neu b<;tn chc;m Isometric Style clla I¢nh SNAP

thi khi d6 l~nh ELLIPSE nh~c nha:

<Axis endpoint l>/Center/lsometric: I

Center of circle: <cho tam e1ip>

<Circle Radius>/Diameter: D <cho ban

kinh ho~ duang kinh,

vi d9 cho duang kinh D>

Circle Diameter: <cho d~ d3i dlkinh>

IDoh 2-11 Hl mOt vi du ve hinh ch~u truc do clla

kh6i l~p phuong v~ cae ~ong tron n/)i, til!p IItn cAe

m~t cua n6 tro thanh clic elip ' ,

* C3.ch gQi l~nh SOLID tir Menu:

1- Screen Menu> DRAW> Solid '" Go l¢nh tir ban phim:

2.11 SKETCH: Vi! duang t\l do

L¢nh SKETCH (ve phac) cho phep b~ ve-cac dUCmg tv do bOi cac thiet bi chi dier

22

Mouse, Thb1et) Khi di chuyen thi~t bj chi ditm (~n phfm pick chuot vaJe) ACAD se t~o ra lo~t cae do~ thlkg fill ngan nOi nhall thea duemg di chuy~n cua b~

Oich gQi l¢nh SKETCH ti1 Menu:

, - - - : - - 1 Screen Menu > DRAW> Sketch

* G6 l¢nh tit ban phfm:

Record increment< >: <cho d¢ dlti buCJc tang>

Sketch Pen eXit Quit Record Erase Conect

B~ tro vilo 11,f8 chQn nao b~n mu6n tIen dong nhac do:

+ P: M nMc "bUt" 1M (up) khOng vo dil b~ di chuyin con trl>; N~u h~ "but" xu6ng(down) b~n se ve duqc

+ R: de ghi l~i ta":t ca cae duang dii ve phac thilnh duemg cO dinh

+ X: thacit khoi H~nh sketch va ghi l~i cae duemg dii ve phac

+ Q: thoat khoi l¢nh sketch va kh6ng ghi 1<}i cae duemg da: ve phac

+ E: <Ie xoa di mC?t do~n duang da ve ke tiI v~ tn b~ chQn too cu6i

+ C: cho phep b~n nOi 1<;ri vilo duemg ve phic vUa rOi saD khi b~ da nh~ "but" len Ch6 y: De khOng anh hui'mg toi duUng ve phtlc, khi dung l¢nh ~KETCH b~ nen tat eM'd¢ SNAPMODE

va ea ORlliOMODE

Vi d~: vo duemg ky hi~u m~t d.t tay nilm b;\ng gO (hlnh 2-12)

Record increment< >: 1 <cho 'd¢ dhl bu6'c di cua con trl?>

Sketch Pen eXit Quit Record Erase Conect

Den day b~ hay d~t con tro tOi diim bcit dau vi: va ~ phim tnii chu¢t, re chu¢t theo duemg w.ri gO muOn ve D~n chiS nao muOn ngat th1 :in phim tnii chu¢t Ian thO' 2 Vi: xong mu6n ghi l~i V30 ban ve, b~ hay go R

Hlnh2-lZ

2.12 cAc L~NH TRt;i GUlP Kill Vii

SNAP

D~t luCri cho con trO Khi di con trl> n6 chi bat vao cac mat IU6i

• each goi l¢nh SNAP va GRID tiJ Menu:

Screen Menu> SETTING> Snap/Grid Menu Bar>SETTING>Drawing Aids>h¢p tho~i Snap/Gdd

23

* Go l¢nh til: bim phim:

Snap spacing or ON/OFF/ AspeclRfttate/Style< >:

B~n dap dong nhac nay bOi cac 1tpl chQn nhu saU:

+ Snap spacing: v~o 1 sO thl dO 13 khoang cAch cac mat hro'i theo phucmg x, y

+ ON/OFF:b~t/t~t ch~ dO Ium snap

+ A: de d~t bm.1c dich chuyen ngang v~ dQC khac nhau Sau do ACAD nhac ti~p:

Horizontal spacing: <cho bu6c dich ngang>

Vertical spacing: <cho bU'l.1c dlCh dQC>

+ R: de quay chi~u ch~y con trO quanh 1 diem, c6 dOng nh&< ti€p:

Base point< >: <cho diem Cel sa , roc 1a trun xoay>

Rotation Ang1e< >: <cho g6c xoay>

+ S: de ch~n snap thoo 2 kieu: Standard (chuiin) hay Isometric (thuimg dung de vo hlnh chieu t~c do):

Snap spacing or ON/OFF/Aspec/Rotate/Sty\e< >: S

Standard/ Isometric< >: <chqn I hay s> Dum da.y la 2 vi d1,l dung l¢nh ELLIPS veti Iva chqn Style·lsometric cua SNAP de ve

hinhchi~u tI1,lc do vu6ng g6c deu (hlnh 2-13a), va.hinh chi€u t~c do dUng deu (hlnh 2-13b) cua 2 v~t th~

Trong khi dang dung l~nh khac cilaACAD, b~n c6 the b~t ON hay tilt OFF ch€ d~ SNAP bfulg each :In phim F9 hay Ctrl+B

Grid spacing or ON/OFF/Snap/Aspec< • >: <dap Mmg II! nhl11~nh SNAP>

De di6u khien GRID hoat d~rig hay tilt di b~n ~n phim F7 hay Ctrl+G

De gqi l¢nh nay h'.'n- chi cful them dAu nh<iy "'" tnr6c ten l¢nh c~n ra thVc hi¢n

Vi dJ,t: Dang dung l~nh PLINE rna b"" mu6n ra dung l~nh SNAP

L¢nh nay de mdlt~t ch~ d~ ve ole duang th~ng dUng ho~c nam ngang B'.'n chu y nmg

~nh ORTHO khOng c6 lac d\ffig khi vao ch€ do Objecl SNAP

Hay dung phim F8 hay Clrl+O M bAt! tAl ch€ dO ortho

Command: ortho

ON/OFF< >:

OSNAP (OBJECT SNAP)

Khi h<;m hat d~u ve m~t d6i tUQ'Ilg moi m~ mu6n no neo t'.li dAu mut clla m~t duang, hay

di qua dit'!:m giiIa ella m~t d01,ln th~g, vu6ng g6c vcJi m~t duang neo vao diem giao nhau ella 2 duang nao d6 , l¢nh OSNAP giup h<;ln thVc hi~n di~u do chinh xac va rAt ti~n lqi

* each gqi I~nh OSNAP tir Menu:

, -, Screen Menu> SE1TING > Osnap

Menu Bar > SETTING > Objecl SNAP

* G5 l¢nb til ban phim:

Command: osnap

Object snap mode:

B<;m'tra 1m dong nhac bang c<ic Iva chqn sau day(go 3 chiI c<ii dllu):

+ CENter: neo v~o tam duang tnm

+ ENDpoint: neo Vlo d~u mut cua 1 dUang g~n con tro nhAt

+ INTersection: neo vao giao diem cua 2 duang

+ MIDpoint: neo vao diem gifra clla dol,Ul thang hay cung tron

+ NEArest: neo vao diem gful con tro nha:t cua d6i tuqng ve

+ PERpendicular: neo v~o c.han duang th!ng g6c clla m~t duang Ve tit mi?t diim mai tai duimgdo

+ TANgent: neo v~o ti~pdi-em clla m~tduang tron khi ve tum~t diem mcJi tai tiep tuyen

va; duimg tron do

+ QUAdrant: neo vao diem chia c~c cung ph&! tu duang tron gcin con tro nhAt

+ INSert: tlm diem xen c~a kh6i(BWCK), h<* diem ~I d~u cua 10XL

+ NODe: neo vao diem dU<!C vo bin l¢nh POINT

+ QUIck: tAng nbanh vi~c xac djnh d6i tuqng

+ NONe: tat e<ic IJ.!3 chqn clla OSNAP

Ghi c!au:

t6n t~ miii cho Mn khi ~n thao ga di 010 ntn khi dung xong b~ ntn th3.o ga ~i ~~ n6 khOng anh huOng den cac I~nh kMc

+ OSI/ap t(rc 111m: hf}l1 co the dung OSNAPMODE ttk Ihoi (1 Mn) blmg dch h[im phim chuQt giua (3) hay lin phrm Shift+Niim chui)t phili (2) lie Kunt hi¢n Menu dlUt)1 de: b,.Ul ch9n OSNAP (hlnh 2-15) B,!n cling cOlhe gQi Osnap modes IUC thai b~ng each dung con Ira chi Vll.O 4 dall sao .,****" tren scrcen mcnu

Running Object Snap

Midpoinl

Ne~rest No~e

EerpendiculllT

.Quadrant langent None Hinh 2-15

• Con tr6 trong I~nh OSNAP la 6 vuong (Tagct box) d~ chon d6i lttqng \'e de dang B<:tn

co tht ditu chinh to nhc, bang I~nh APERTURE, ho~c chinh phim Min-Max Iren h~p tho~i hinh 2-14; ho~c go:

Ojecl SIl<lP tagel size: <I -50 pixels>:

• Sau day Iii mQt VI dl,l di:1Il1? I~nh OSNAP/CEN d~ viS mQt clLrOng th~ng III tam 0 duemg

tron vii vuong goc v&i duong thrlllg III di:l cho (hlnh 2-16):

CEN <bilt tfun 0 clh dUOng tron>

<chi vao dUCmg tron>

PER <b&t chan dlfong vuong g6c tn~n m>

<chi vao dtCOng thAng m>

o

Hinh 2-16

CHUONG3

Trong khi t~o l~p ban ve b~ thuOng xuy~n phai bien t~p: dy xoa, ph~c h6i d6i tuqng

bi xoa, dich chuyen, quay, thu ph6ng, !tty d6i xUng sao chep, hi¢u chloh cae d6i tUq£1g ve,

va d.c l¢nh tra cUu (Inquiry) ve d.c dG' li¢u (mAD, lOp, dQ ri?ng net ), khoang each, di¢n tich,

vv nhtrng muon HUn dieu do vi¢c d~u tien AutoCAD doi hoi h<.m phai Iva chQn d6i tuqng (Select Object)

3.1 CHON DOl TlfONG (SELECT)

* each g<?i l¢nh SELECr tll Menu:

+ Chi di~m: b~n dung con chuQt chi vao d6i tUqTlg cAn chQn reli ohlin phim trAi chuQt, c(i.ng co the: vao tQa dQ ella diem thUi)C d6i tm;mg do

+ ALL: chQn tilt ca nhiing hloh co trong ban ve

+ Last: chQn d6i nrqng vila ve xong

+ Previous: chQn cac d6i nrqng vita chQn tnt6'c do

+ Window: chQn cac d6i tuqng n~m IQt trong clla sO chu nh;}t ma b~ xAc dinh

+ Crossing: ch<;>;n d.c d6i tU'gng rna m¢t ciIa 56 ehlia ho~c cit ngang qua chung

+ WPolygon: chuc nang nay gi6ng window chi khAc la elra 56 do b~ .4-0 ra la hlnh

da giAc

+ Cpolygom gi6ng nhu Crossing, chi khAc l3 eua sO ~ t<;10 ra la mQt da giac

+ Undo: di! b6 di d6i tuQllg vira ch90

+ Remove: khi chQn nhieu d6i tuqng rna muon 10<;li bo mQt d6i tuqng nao do ta ehQn R

·sau dong nhac "Select object:" va ACAD nhile b<;ln chQn d6i tl1qng dn gO- 00: "Remove objects:"

+ Add: tat che dQ "Remove", co the tiep tl,le chQn them d6i tl1qng

+ Frece (hang rao): chinh ta t<;1o m¢t dl1Cmg Polygon hO', rna rtlQi d6i tl1qng rna n6 ca.t qua se dUQ'c ehQn

cae d6i tl1qng dl1qc ehQn se rna di B<;1n mu6n ket thoe vi~c chQn d6i tuqng hay lin ENTER, hay nba y phim phiii ehuQt, ho~e go NULL

3.2.TAYXOA

'" ERASE: dy xoa mQt hay nhieu d6i tl1qng ve

27

* each gc;>i l~nh ERASE til Menu:

ChB y: L¢nh OOPS dung d~ khOi phl,l-c l{li d6i tuqng dti bj x6a bi'1i J¢nh ERASE (m(lc du c6 dung dc l¢nh vi! kMc,sau khi era.o;e) Ngoru m l¢nh OOPS oon &: lam hi¢n l~j de d6i tU(}Ilg bi mA:t di sau khi ~o BLOCK

Command: oops

BREAK: ngM b6 di I philn d6i tlTgng ve

* Oich gqi l¢nh BREAK tu Menu:

,-~ -, Screen Menu> EDIT> Break

Menu Bar > MODIFY > Break

>1= Go l¢nh tit ban phim:

Select object: <chi vao diem dau do~n dn x6a>

Enter second point (or F for first point): <chi vao diem thu 2 cua do~n can xoa, ho~c go F de chqn l~i diem dt\u sau d6ACAD nhac b~n chc;>n diem cuoi> Vi d1,l duai day m6 ta qua tdnh thl!C hi~n l¢nh BREAK:

• '- / H'inh g6e ctH;m L":::; -d6i trn;mg J Da-nh dlfu 2 diem X6a doI!fi PIP2

Hiob 3·1

Chu y: Khi dung J¢nh BREAK dt x6a I cung tren dubrlg trim bl:Ul c4:n cM y pMn cung hi x6a thee chi~\J

ngU~ chi~u quay kim d6ng h6 Do v~y ~ ph<ii chu Y ChQR dian dJiu va diem cu6i cho do~ c&I x6a vi dum dQy, tren dmg m¢t dubrlg tron, ntu chc;m dibn dliu PI va diim cu6i Pl nhu hlnh 3-2a thl cung PIPl phfa tren bj x6a; 0'10 chc;m Pl, Pl nhu hlnh "3-2b Ihl coog PIPl phia dum hi x6a

HiDh 3-2

28

TRIM

Ch~t tia do~n thua ella d6i tuqng ve bdi cae c~nh dao dt (edge)

:I: each gQi l¢nh lRIM til Menu:

Select cutting edge(s)

Select objects: <chQn cae dUOng Hlm qmh cAt>

<Select object to trim>/Undo: <chQn do~n thua d.n cat di>

Vf du duUi day m6 til qua trlnh dung l~nh TRIM (hlnh 3-3)

lfinh g6c ell9n duimg

qmh cat(PI)

a.i vao d~n

thtra cdn dit(Pl,P2) Hloh 3-3

-t Ket qua

~ co the chQn chinh duemg c<;tnh dt la d6i tUl;1I1g d.o cAt bo, nhu VI dl;l sau da.y:

elli vao dOl.ln

thtta cAn cit

<cho diem co so, ho~c kho3.ng c3.ch dichuyen>

Base poi,Dt or displacement:

Second point of displacement: <cho diem dich t6i>

Menu Bar > CONSIRUcr > Copy

* GO l¢nh llr ban phim:

ROTATE

Select object: <chqn d6i tuqng ciin sao chep>

< Base point or displacement>/Multiple: <cho diem cd sa, ho~c khoang

each di chuy~n, n~u b~n chQn M HI sao chep thanh ohieu ban>

Second point of displacement: <cho diim dich Wi ho~c a'n Enter>

L¢nh ROTA1E dung de quay d6i tm;mg vi! quanh m~t diem Cd sil

* Glcb gQi I~nb ROTATE Ilr Menu:

, - - - , Screen Menu> EDIT> Rotate

Menu Bar ; MODIFY > Rotate

* Go l¢nh tiI ban phim:

Command: rotate Select object:

Base.point:

<Rotation Angle>/Reference:

<ChQfl d6i tuqng can xoay>

<cho diem tam xoay>

<cho g6c xoay, hay ch(;m R de cho gOc tham khao sau do cho gOc m6'i>

Chti y goc xoay duang Hi ngu«;JC chieu quay kim d6ng h6 va nguqc l~i V( d~ dum day cbo g6c xoay I 45 d¢ (blnb 3-5)

Hinh g6c Olqn d6i tttqng xoay b~g W Chqn diim co sO Kt"t qua

mnh 3~5

SCALE

L¢nh SCALE dung d~ ph6ng to ho~c thu nho d6i hlqng vi! theo ca 2 chieu x,y v6i cung m¢t ty l¢ N~u d6i tlJqDg da: dlJqc ghi kfch thlJt'1c thi sau khi SCALE kich thlJac mai se W d¢ng cilkp nhilkt v~o

30

* C8ch gQi l¢nh SCALE tu Menu:

r ;Sc:-re-e-n-=M:-:-en-u->-=E=D=IT= >-=Sc=-a"C}e ' Menu Bar > MODIFY > Scale

>l< Go l¢nh tu ban phim:

Select object: <chQn doi tuqng de scale>

Base point: <cho diem cO' sCi>

<Scale factor>/Reference:

Di dap dong nba.c nay b(~.n cho 1 so duang 100 han 1 di ph6ng to, n~u cho so duang be

han 1 se thu nho d6i tuqng N~u b~n d8.p R nghia la b~ dung ty l¢ tham khao sau do cho

ty l¢ maio Hinh 3-6 mO ta qua tdnh thao l<lc l¢nh SCALE:

Hinh g6c 0l9n d6i htqng scale

STRETCH

010 diem co so Hioh 3-6

\;

Klt qua

L¢nh STRETCH de keo dan 1 ph~n cua d6i hlnh ve fa rna vAn noi v6i hlnh cu

• each gQi l¢nh STRETCH til" Menu:

Select object to stretch by window or polygon: <chQn d6i tuqng di

stretch bang cua s6 ho~c da giac>

Base point or displasement: <cho diem cO' sCi>

Second point of displacement: <cho di~m dich tm, ho~c khoang each

*' G6 I~nh tu ban phim:

<chQn d6i tlIqrtg can Hly d6i xU'ng>

<cho diem thtl I cua tr~e d6i xU'ng>

<eho diem thtl 2 clla t~c d6i xUng>

<trii loi N la khong xoa hinh eu, Y la x6a hinh eu>

Duoi day lit vi d~ mb ta cae buoc thuc hien I¢nh MIRROR (hinh 3-8)

32

Screen Menu> SETTING> SETVAR > MirText (0/1)

Nell di:it MirText",,1 thl Text se d6i xililg v6i hlnh eli; Mirlht""O dong Text se c6 d,!.ng thL!c nhu h"inh cu

EXTEND

L~nh EXTEND de keo dai cae dI1Cmg t6i m~t dI10ng bien (Boundry edge)

*' each gQi I~nh EXTEND tir Menu:

Select bo~ndry eP&o(s)

Select object: <ch9n duimg bien>

<Selecfobject t<> ex1md>/lJndo: <chi vlio eM c~n ke~ diti>

<Select object to extend>/Un<l0:;J

Vi d':l sau day chi ra cac buac th\!C hi~n t~ EXTEND, mnh 3-9

P2

PI

Hinh goc Ch9n dUOng bien Chi ra mlit citn k.eo dai Kct qwi

Hlnh 3·9

Menu Bar> CONSIRUcr"> Array

* Go l¢nh tir b~m phim:

Select object: <Ch4?ll d6i tuQ'Ilg t~o thanh mang>

Restangular or Polar array(RlP)<R>: <b~n dap R hay P>

+ Nell d;ip R: sao mang chu nMt ACAD hoi tiep sO' hang, s6 cl)t, khoang ca.ch cae hang, cae c~t la bao nhieu Ntfu b{lIl cho sO' hang 13 sO' ducmg, thi ACAD se sao cae hang len tn'!n, nguQ'c I~i .cho sO' am thl sao xu6ng dum B'.lll cho gia tfi ducmg cua d.c cQt thi ACAD se sao cae c¢t sang phai, cho sO' am sao sang tniL

Vi d", hlnh 3-10

Restangular or Polar array(R!P)<R.>: R

Number of raws< >: 2

Number of columns< >: 4

Unit cell or distance betwen raws: 25

K~t qua sao mang nhu hinh sau:

•

o

000 mnh 3-10

<cho s6 hang HI 2>

<cho s6 cQt la 4>

<cho khoang each cac hang la 25>

<cho kholmg each cac c¢t 111 30>

Restangular or Polar array(R/P)<R>:

Center point of array: Number of itenns:

Angle to Rotate object as they are copied?<Y>:

fil1<360>:-P

<cho tam mang trbn>'

<cho s6 d6i tuQllg se sao ra>

<cho g6c dien cUy toan mang>

<co quay d6i tUQIlg khi sao chep kh6ng YIN 1>

DUm day 13 VI dl,l t~o mang tron co s6 d6i tUQIlg <W sao (itenns) 1ii 5, gOc dien day

33

toan mang la 160 va trong khi sao khong quay d6i hlqng, va hlnh sau co quay doi lUqng (hlnh 3-12)

Hlnh goc Sao mang kh6ng xoay

Hinb 3-12

-Sao m<'mg :(Oay 1 goc

3.4 Hl~U CRiNR V A TRAY DOl

FILLET

4nh nay de ve m9t cung tron noi tiep giua d.c do~n thfing hay cac duang tron

* each g9i l¢nh FILLET tll Menu:

, -, Screen Menu> EDIT> Pillet

Menu Bar> CONSTRUcr > Fillet

* Go l¢nh tir b~ln phfm:

Command: fillet Polyline/Radius/<Select first object>:

Tnilai dOng nhiic nay co 3 truang h<JP:

+ OlQn R: nghia la b<;ln se cho ban kinh cung tron noi tiep cfin ve, ACAD se nhiic tiep:

Enter fillet radius: <cho gia tri ban kinh cung noi titp>

Gia tr, ban kfnh cung noi titp do se du<JC giu mai cho toi khi b~n cho gia tr! moi B<;tn

co the cho ban kfnh cung noi tiep bang vi¢c cho 2 diem

+ ChQn P: nghia la b<;ln muon ve noi tiep dc phan do<:,n clla Polyline bili cae cung tron

co cung oo.n kfnh Neu pha.n dO<;ln nao la cung tron thl se duQ'c thay bang mQt cung tron- co oo.n kinh bang ban kinh cung noi tiep, xem hlnh 3-13

I -'-

•

Hioh 3-11

+ N6i ti€p 2 duimg:

B~n dap dong nhk tren bang vi¢c chi vao 2 duang can noi tiep, ho~c 2 phAn dO<;ln eua

1 polyline, thi ACAD se ve 1 cung tron noi tiep v6i ehling Chli y rang cae diem b<;ln chi ra

a tren cae duang se la cac tiep di~m

34

IDnh 3-14 minh hQa di~u do:

L~nh nay de ve duemg vat nghi~ng giil'a 2 dllOng th~ng da cho

'" each gQi l~nh CHAMFER tir Menu:

Screen Menu> EDIT> Cbamfer Menu Bar > CONS'IRUCf > Chamfer '" Go l¢nh tir ban phim:

PolylineiDistance/<Select tiest line>:

+ Trlt lai D: Djnh nghia do'.l" vat cho 2 dllemg tha.ng, vi dl:l nhu sau (hloh 3-15):

Enter first chamfer distance< >: 6 <cho khoang vat tha 1> Enter second chamfer distance< >: 10 <cho khoang vat thu 2> Command: chamfer

Polyline/Distance/<Select fiest object>: PI

Ke"t qua chamfer trong vi d1,l chi ra tren hlnh 3-15

<chi vao dUOng 1 >

<chi vao duemg 2>

K!t qua

35

Tni loi P: de vat cho m~t da tuy~n Polyline

Truimg hqp nay gi6ng nhu l¢nh FILLET

Chu y: Neu bl,m Ilfy cll) dai vat bflng 0 (mij.C djnh), thll¢nh

nay co laC dl,1ng keo doli cae duemg th&ng cho g~p nhau Wi I diem

coo, xem hinh 3-16

OFFSET

4nh nay dung d~ t'.l-O ra m~t duemg moi song song

voi duemg th~ng da co, hay vi "11,1 v6i m¢t dUOng cong,

mQt Polyline cho truOe va each duemg cO mOt dO<;ln

tuy y

* Cach g<;>i l~nh OFFSET til Menu:

\

, -, Screen Menu> EDIT> Offset

Menu Bar > CONSTIWcr > Offset

* G6 l~nh til ban phim:

Hinh3-16

Offset distance or through< >: <cho khoang each, hay cho 1 dil!m

offset toi: through>

36

+ Neu cho khoang cach b<;ln tiep tl,lc tra loi:

Select object to offset: <ch<;>n d6i tuqng offset bang chi diim>

Side to offset: <ch<;>n diem beft ky ve phfa hlnh thanh duemg m6i>

+ Neu ch<;>n Through:

Through point: <cho diem rna duemg m6i di qua>

Vi d1,l sau day mo tii qua tdnh offset mOt duemg Polyline, hlnh 3-17.* DIVIDE

0l9n cl6i tuqng Offset Clio diim rnA

dutmg rnm di q~

Hinh 3-17

L¢nh nay chia dO':1n duemg thanh cac phfin bang nhau

* Cach g<;>i l¢nh DIVIDE-til Menu:

e

-. -, Screen Menu> EDIT> Divide ,

Menu Bar > CONSlRUcr > Divide

* G6 l¢nh tir ban phim:

<ch<;>n d6i tuqng bang chi diim>

<cho sQ do<:tn chia>

+ Nt'!u b<.1.fi tni Uri B: Truang hqp nay b<:tn da d~nh nghia cac kh6i (BLOCK) vi d~ nhll: DIEM, DOAN, VUONG, v.v rna muOn chen block vao cac diem chia;khi d6ACAD nhac nha tiep:

Block name to insert: <go ten Block vao>

Align block with object <V>: <sap Block g6m cac diem chia tren d6i

tuqng YIN>

Number of segments: <cho s6 do~ chia>

Ch6 y: Sau khi dung I¢nh DIVIDE rna bl.lH kMng nhin th!lY cae Jh';m chia, tlic \a bI~ rt>ng diem ehia de rnl}e d!nh (0), n6 bang hay nho ho'Il ~ r(lng dut'mg net viS B':ln dn x;k dinh I~i hlnh d~ng kich thuOc diem boi I?nh POINT

• each g9i I~nh CHANGE til Menu:

* Go l¢nh til ban phim:

Screen Menu> EDIT> Change Menu Bar > MODIFY > Change

Command: change Select Object: <eh<;m d6i tlll;mg dn thay d6i>

Properties/<Change point>: <dap P, ho~c cho diem>

+ ChQn P: B<:tn se thay d6i dllqt: d~ tinh vI! ma.u sac, d¢ cao, lap ve, lo;~i dllang net ella d6i tllqng ve, ACAD se nhac nh6 ti€p de b<.m chQn:

OJ.ange what property(ColorlElev/Layer/L'IypefThicness)7:

Chli y: N~u bl!Jl deli ki~u dut'mg rna ehua thllY hi?n ra, hiiy g9i I?nh LTSCALE de tiing hay giam tY I? Neu b~n vao diem (] dong nh~e tren kia: ACAD eoi ditm d6 la diem de thay d6i vi tri cAe d6i tm;mg

ve nhu: line, circle, text, block, attribute TOe dl,mg Lhay d6i vOi timg d6i tuqng ve sau khi cho diem CP 18

nhu~:

- Line; thi dAu m'l1t eua dlti'alg .thing: g4n 4i~

CP siS chuyin ten CP ,

- Circle: blin k{n!l ",brig tron'dii c,hqn Se'tluly

d6i sao cho wng tron m6i di qua dibn 'CP' Yia sift·

nguyen lAm eu

- lext: diem CP se I~ vi tn mOi, ~u ban AD

Enter thl ACAD eho bl,Ul thay ·dOi duqc kifuch\t, dQ

eao, g6c xoay, n(li dung Text

- Attribute: b~n eling c6 the thay d6i duqc

Attribute gi6ng nhu Text

- Block: ditm CP trd thanh vi tn mm cua

Block, ~n Enter tiep thl b~n c6 tM thay d6i duqt:

g6e xoay ella Block

Chli thkh: CO th~ thay d6i nhi~u durmg Vi

dl;l khi eho CP thl cae dUCmg thang khac nhau se W

Il.Ii t~i diem CPd6, xem hlnh 3-18

37

Chu thleh: ACADl2 con e6 l~nh

DDCH-PROP de bi.1n lhay d6i de d~e tinh ella d6i luqng qUH

hQp tho,!-i nhl1 hlnh 3 - 19

L¢nh nay de thay d6i n(:li dung dong ky

~.""""'V<A""'''' u;- =t

I ,~ • I BYU""~ ' < """''''0 0 0,"

H,t (Text) va thu(>c tfnh (Attribute) da co

* Crich gQi l~nh DDEDIT Itt Menu:

'"'< " "" [,_ ")

~ r- ",.", I iJJ!!W

I Screen Menu> EDIT> DDedit I

* Go J¢nh tir ban phim:

Command: ddedil

Hlnh 3-19: HO p Iho<l.i ACAD 12

l ¢ nh DDCHPROP eua

<SeJect a TEXT or ATIDEF object >/Undo:

B<.ln Ira Jbi TEXT hay ATTDEF thl I troug 2 h(>p thof.l.i sau day hi¢n ra, hinh 3-20a,b:

Edit AtllilJule Dehn~lan CI

Defnult: Lit 9,,''-.' , =:;:;==, -:; -,, _ _ '

Hlnh 3-20a: H{)p tho,!-i "Edil Text" H"lnh 3-20h: H{)p Ihm.li "Edit Alllibutc Ddinition"

PEDIT (Polyline Edit)

L¢nh nay co the hi¢u chinh da luyen (Polyline)

* each gQi I~nh PEDIT ttT Menu:

, - - - ,

* Go I¢nh tit b~m phim:

Screen Menu> EDIT> Pedit

Menu Bar > MODTFY > Pedit

Command: pedit Select polyline: <ChQIl Polyline dn hi¢u chinh>

C losel J oi n/Wid Ih/Ed i I V erlex/Fi liS p lin el Deell vel

LtypeGen/Undo/eXik >:

Tr~n dong nhac nay Close duqc thay bang Open neu Polyline dang dong kin cac chuc nang do co y nghla nhu sau:

+ C: dong kin da tuyen dang ha;

+ 0: xoa phein do~n cu6i clmg cua Polyline d~ rna da tuyen;

+ J : dlta cae cung tron, dO<;ln lhang ho~c m(>t Polyline khac nh~p van vai Polyline co

InJoC;

+ W: de lhay deli be r(lng net ve coa Polyline;

+ F: sua dtremg Polyline da co thanh dUO'ng cong tran dtiu di qua cae dinh cua Polyline

do

B,,11 co the d~t taroc huong tiep tuy6n t<;ti 1 dlnh, thl dLTOng cong t<;to thanh se tiep nh~n

38

+ S: st'ta Polyline thanh duemg cong trem c6 the dieu khitn dugc til cac dinh clla Polyline nhl1 la cac di~m khung B"lO chi ra cang nhieu di~m dinh v~ thi dUCmg cong cang nhan hem ffinh dl16'i dAy chi fa S,! khac nhau clla dUCmg cong hi.nh thanh do Fit va do Spline, hlnh 3-21:

CO thi t<;to thanh dl1emg eong Spline b~c 2 hay b~e 3 cae bien h¢ th6ng dung d~ dieu khien hlnh d~ng duimg Spline la SPLINETYPE N€u d~! bien SplineType nay b~ng 5 thl Spline t<;to thanh la b~e 2; eon d~t bien gia tri 6 thi Spline sf: e6 b~c 3 Bien h¢ th6ng SPLINESEGS xac dinh so dO<;tn tMng dung d~ ve thanh duemg Spline, s6 cang Urn thl Spline cang m~n (gia tr m~ dinh la '8) Bien SPLFRAME d~t gia tri m~e dinh 0 thi kh6ng xuat hi¢n dUCmg khung Polyline; neu la:y gia tri 1 thi khung sf: hi~n ra eung v6i duemg Spline, xem h'inh 3-21

ffinh g6c Fit Spline b~c 2 Spline b~c 3

NextiPreviouslBreaklinsertiMove/RegenlSlraighlenl

TangentIWilh/eXil<N>:

Ok h!a chQn d6 co y nghia nhu sau:

- N va P: de di chuyen di~m danh da':u "x" tm dinh k€ sau (Next) hay t6'i dinh truac d6 (Previous)

- B(break): de x6a do~ giila 2 dinh danh dau "x" ACAD ghi nha dinh danh dfu "x" thu 1 va nhac nha tiep:

NextlPrevious/Go/eXit<N>: <chQn N hay P de chuyen dau "x" tdi

dlnh thll 2>

Tiep theo b~ go "0" de x6a do~ gifra 2 dinh danh dAu "x" Con neu b~n chQn "X" se ket thue Break de trb ve chuc nang Edit Vertex

- reinsert): dtS' chen them dinh m6i vao Polyline, ACAD nhac nha tiep:

Enter new location of new vertex: <cho diem>

Sau khi cho diem vao, ACAD ve Polyline co th~m dinh nua, hinh3-23

- M(move): dOl dinh da danh da'u t6i ehb khac

- S(straighten): de thay the cae ph1n dO'.ln nam giiia 2 dinh da danh da'u bang m¢t dO'.ln thing, hinh 3-24

Hinh g6c Danh d!u 2 dinh PI, P2

Hinb 3·24

Ktt qua

- T(tanggent); chi ra hl1<mg tiep tuy~n 4.i dinh dang danh d5u de thl!C hi¢n chuc nang Fit, sau do dap dong nh~c:

Direction of tangent: <cho g6c xac d!nh hl100g ti~p tuyen>

- W(width): thay be r(mg pha.n dOi,ln Clla Polyline a ngay sau dinh danh d5u "x"

- R(regent): thiet l~p li,li Polyline va c~p nh~t cac thay d6i, thl1Cmg dung sau Width

- X(eXit): thoat khoi chuc nang Edityertex d~ tro ve PEDIT

40

ehU y: Nt!"u b~ ch9n dOl).n thiing hay cung tron khOng dugc 'Ie bCri I¢nh Polyline, ACAD siS nh.k

Entity selected is not a polyline <h"inh dii ch9n khOng phai polyline>

Do you want it to tum into one?<Y>: <~ mu6n n6 tra thanh Polylin·e khoogYfN '1>

• HIEU CHiNH DUNG KIj:P GRIP

Khi nao tren man hlnh xuA"t hi¢n () vu{)ng nhb(Pick bOx) t i giao di~m clla 2 sqi )c(Cross hair), b n co th~ ch(;m d6i U1l11lg ve de hi¢u chinh bllng k~p GRIP Sau khi chQn 6i tugng bang d.ch nhay vao d6i tl1Q'11g, cac 6 vu6ng nho mau xua't hi¢n tren cac diem d~c i¢t cua d6ituqng (blnh 3-25)

H"inb 3-25 Sau d6 b n chi con tro vao m¢t () vu{)ng Grip d dinh dn hi¢u chinh r6i an phfm pick :hu¢t, 6 vu6ng do se d6i mau khac va ACAD xem di~m d61a di~m cd sa d~ hi¢u chinh Cac :n tOng hqp hi~u chinh v6"i GRIP g6m:

+ STRETCH mode: d~ keo dan tir diem cd sa da ch(;m tm di~m khac B n a'n pblm Pick vao m¢t 6 v\i6ng Grip lam diem C.d sa, sau do ACAD dua ra dong nh~c nhu sau:

** STRETCH **

<Stretch to point>/Base point/Copy(Undo/eXit:

Nc!u b n cho 1 di~m a m¢t V! tri mm, d6i tU(]ng ve da chQn.se duqc keo rit tir diem Cd

sa tai diem mai do (hinh 3-26) Chon B(Base) do! xac dinh diEm co sa khk Chon C(Copy) d~ sao chep d6i tUl1Ilg

+ MOVE mode: M dap l i dong nhac ** STRETCH ** b~ go "Mf> se xuftt hi¢n dong

<Move to point>/Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit: <cho diem dfch Wi>

+ ROTATE mode: b n go "RO" dap do~g nhac" ** STRETCH **" se co dong nhac d6i voi ROTATE mode nhu sau: