An investigation into code switching by efl students in information technology classes at phu xuan university hue city vietnamese university

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES, HUE UNIVERSITY - NGUYEN THI THANH THANH AN INVESTIGATION INTO CODE-SWITCHING BY EFL STUDENTS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CLASSES AT PHU XUAN UNIVERSITY, HUE CITY MA THESIS IN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Hue University of Foreign Languages HUE, 2019 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HUE UNIVERSITY HUE UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES - NGUYEN THI THANH THANH AN INVESTIGATION INTO CODE-SWITCHING BY EFL STUDENTS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CLASSES AT PHU XUAN UNIVERSITY, HUE CITY MA THESIS IN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING CODE: 8140111 SUPERVISOR: DR PHAN THI THANH THAO HUE, 2019 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ - NGUYỄN THỊ THANH THANH NGHIÊN CỨU VIỆC SỬ DỤNG CHUYỂN NGỮ CỦA SINH VIÊN CÁC LỚP CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC PHÚ XUÂN, THÀNH PHỐ HUẾ LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ LÝ LUẬN VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC BỘ MÔN TIẾNG ANH MÃ SỐ: 8140111 NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: TS PHAN THỊ THANH THẢO HUE, 2019 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP The work contained in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma in any university I certify that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, my thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the thesis itself Signed: Nguyen Thi Thanh Thanh Date: 20th November 2019 i ABSTRACT Code-switching is a very common and popular language technique, especially in teaching and learning English speaking skills This research paper is an investigation into the use of code-switching in learning English by Information Technology students at Phu Xuan University First of all, it explores the students’ perceptions of the use of code-switching in English classes This study’s instruments including questionnaires, interview and observation were used to find out the types and functions of code- switching, reasons and benefits, as well as challenges of using code-switching for IT students in vocational English classes The study findings show that most of IT students are aware of the benefits of using code-switching, thus they often code-switching in vocational English classes to explain some IT specialized terms, talk about some particular topics, emphasize, make interjection, and repeat words/phrases to clarify them From the results obtained, we might confirm that code-switching is an effective approach to improve students’ English communication skills, which should be used as an integral part of EFL lessons Key words: code-switching, English, speaking skill ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the process of completing this research paper, I have received a great deal of helps, guidance and encouragements from teachers and friends First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Phan Thi Thanh Thao who gave me suggestions on how to shape the study and has always been most willing and ready to give me valuable advice, helpful comments as well as correction of my research paper My second round of thanks is to the students at Phu Xuan University who were willing to help me with questionnaires, interview, observation, and provided me with useful information and valuable comments during the time I carried out the research Next, I am grateful to my close friends who have supportively shared most of the ups and downs of this project and aided in certain parts of the draft analysis Finally, my warmest and profound thanks will be shown directly to my dear parents and sibling for their great encouragement, assistance during the time I conducted this research Hue, November 2019 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Statement of authorship i Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Table of contents iv List of tables vi List of figures vii List of abbreviations viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims of the study 1.3 Scope of the study 1.4 Research questions 1.5 Organization of the study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Code-switching definition 2.2 Code-switching and code-mixing 2.3 Code-switching in ELT Classrooms 2.3.1 Students’ perceptions of code-switching 2.3.2 The functions of students’ code-switching 2.3.3 Types of code-switching 11 2.4 The impact of code-switching in learning and teaching English 12 2.5 Previous studies on code-switching 13 2.6 Chapter summary 15 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 16 3.1 Research method 16 3.2 Subjects 16 3.3 Data collection 16 3.3.1 Questionnaire 17 3.3.2 Interview 17 3.3.3 Class Observation (audio record) 17 3.4 Data analysis 18 iv 3.5 Procedure 18 3.6 Chapter summary 19 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 20 4.1 Introduction 20 4.2 Findings 20 4.2.1 Students’ perceptions and attitudes towards code-switching in learning vocational English 20 4.2.2 Reasons for IT students using code-switching in vocational classes 33 4.2.3 Benefits of using code-switching in vocational English classes 38 4.2.4 Drawbacks of using code-switching in vocational English classes 39 4.3 Chapter summary 42 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 44 5.1 Overview of the study and conclusion 44 5.2 Recommendations 45 5.2.1 For English teachers 45 5.2.2 For IT students 46 5.3 Limitations 46 5.4 Suggestion for further studies 46 5.5 Conclusion 47 REFERENCES 48 APPENDICES v LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Purposes of using code-switching in vocational English classes for IT students 22 Table 4.2: Student’s reaction to teachers’ only use of English in vocational English classes 28 Table 4.3: Students’ reaction of teachers’ use of code-switching in general 30 Table 4.4: The most common types of code-switching in learning vocational English 33 Table 4.5: Reasons for IT student using Inter-sentential switching 34 Table 4.6: Reasons for IT students using Tag-switching 36 Table 4.7: Reasons for IT student using Intra-sentential switching 37 Table 4.8: Benefits of using code-switching in vocational English classes 38 Table 4.9: Drawbacks of using code switching in vocational English classes 40 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1: Students’ perceptions of helpfulness in using code-switching in vocational classes 25 Figure 4.2: People with whom students often code-switching when talking in vocational English classes 26 vii Gumperz, J & Bloom, B (2000) Social meaning in linguistic structure: Codeswitching in Norway In W Li (Ed.) 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Student B: Cuốn không, right? Please answer the following questions and putting tick (√) next to your choice You may choose more than one option or give your own opinions in some questions In which situation code-switching occurs?  Situation 1: Student A: Set up lại phần mềm với It’s out of date now! Student B: Ok, Tý nhé!  Situation 2: Student A: Mày thích nghe nhạc Pop hay nhạc Rock? Student B: Nhạc Pop mày ạ! How often you use code-switching (CS) in learning vocational English for IT? Most of the times Sometimes Seldom Never Please circle a number to indicate how much you agree with each statement (1-Strong disagree 2-Disagree 3-Neutral 4-Agree 5-Strongly agree) Why you use CS in vocational English classes for IT? (1: Strongly Disagree 2: Disagree 3: Neutral 4: Agree5 Strongly agree) To explain some IT specialized terms To talk about a particular topic To quote somebody else To emphasize something To make an interjection To repeat in order to clarify To express group identity To show intention of clarifying speech contents for interlocutors To soften or strengthen a request or command To meet a real lexical need To exclude others when a comment is intended for an exclusive audience Other(s): (please specify): ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… Do you think code-switching is helpful in vocational English class? Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Neutral Strongly agree Who you often use code switching with in your English class? Teachers Classmates  Teachers and classmates Yourself How you feel when teacher uses English only in the vocational English classes? (1-Strong disagree 2-Disagree 3-Neutral 4-Agree 5-Strongly agree) A lack of confidence in my learning vocational English I am not sure of the terms and lesson contents in vocational English classes I fail to express what I mean in the target language I don’t understand what teachers say in English classes What you think if your teacher code-switches from English to Vietnamese and vice versa during his/her lessons? (1-Strong disagree 2-Disagree 3-Neutral 4-Agree When the teacher switches code I understand lecture more easily when the teacher switches code Teacher’s code-switching helps me in understanding new and difficult vocabulary, concepts and ideas Teacher’s code-switching for the task instructions helps me understand the tasks better Teacher’s code-switching gives me confidence to speak and participate in the class Teacher’s code-switching motivates me to work in that subject Teacher’s code-switching facilitates the learning process 5-Strongly agree) I get confused if the teacher switches during lecture I feel that the teacher violates English language rules while he/she going to switch code Teacher’s code-switching makes me less proficient in speaking I am unable to concentrate on the lecture when teacher uses the code-switching Other(s): (please specify): ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………… …………………………….…………………………….… Does your teacher encourage you to use code-switching in learning English? Yes The teacher always encourages me to use code-switching in English class Yes The teacher sometimes encourages me to use code-switching in English class  No The teacher does not allow me to use code-switching in English class Type of code-switching you often use in English classes (1-Strong disagree 2-Disagree 3-Neutral 4-Agree 5-Strongly agree) Inter-sentential switching- occurs outside the sentence or the clause level in English classes E.g.: Cài lại phần mềm với It’s out of date now! Intra-sentential switching- occurs within a sentence or a clause in English classes E,g,: Mình nghĩ tiết học hơm có take pictures Tag switching- occurs either a tag phrase or a word, or both in English classes E.g.: Mày sửa máy tính xong không? Right? Other(s): (please specify): ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………… …………… …………… …………… …………… 10 When you use Tag switching? (1-Strong disagree 2-Disagree 3-Neutral 4-Agree 5-Strongly agree) Exclamations (ex: Wow/Oh My God, etc.) Give signals to the hearers that language alternation is eminent (ex: ah, uh, oh, actually, and, just, like, now, you know, I think, I mean) Adverbials (ex: Obviously, Definitely, Very, Never, etc.) Other(s): (please specify): ……………………………………………………………………………… …………… ………………… …………………………………………… 11 When you use Inter-sentential switching? (1-Strong disagree 2-Disagree 3-Neutral 4-Agree 5-Strongly agree) To explain new ideas in different cultures To repeat in order to clarify To confirm something To exclude others in a conversation Other(s): (please specify): ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………… …………………………………………………………… 12 When you use Intra-sentential switching? (1: Strongly Disagree 2: Disagree 3: Neutral 4: Agree 5: Strongly Agree) To explain the difficult vocabulary about its pronunciation To provide emphasis about something To bridge the gap in or Lack of equivalent words in L1 To expand on a fact Other(s): (please specify): ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………… …………………………………………………………… 13 The benefits you receive from code-switching in learning vocational English (1-Strong disagree 2-Disagree 3-Neutral 4-Agree 5-Strongly agree) I can speak English more fluently and not hesitate or become blocked in your conversation due to the language barrier I am able to convey the utterance to your classmates and teachers accurately I am more confident and more interested in learning English I am eager to participate in classroom’s activities My language skills are improved significantly Other(s): (please specify): ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………… …………………………………………………………… 14 The drawbacks of using code-switching in vocational English for IT? (1-Strong disagree 2-Disagree 3-Neutral 4-Agree 5-Strongly agree) It takes longer time to think when moving between languages It shows your low proficiency in English Code-switching can lead to misunderstand between speakers and listeners Teachers fight code-switching when it occurs in their classroom The listeners not understand the source language because of the lack of cultural background You have low self-esteem and lack self-confident in speaking in vocational English classes Other(s): (please specify): ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………… …………………………………………………………… 15 What are your suggestion to use code-switching in vocational English for IT? (1-Strong disagree 2-Disagree 3-Neutral 4-Agree 5-Strongly agree) To avoid misunderstanding in a conversation, code-switching shouldn’t be used when you communicate with foreigners who have different culture Code-switching should be used as an integral part of EFL lessons Use Code-switching in a certain case when you have difficulty continuing a conversation in the target language Before using CS you should consider the linguistic competence, background and social situations carefully Code-switching shouldn’t be used in vocational classes because of the decline in the standards of English Other(s): (please specify): ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………… …………… …………… …………… …………… APPENDIX INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (For Students) Generally, code switching means the shifting of language or we can easily say moving from one language to another language in a conversation What you think about the use of code-switching in English classes? Do you often use code-switching between Vietnamese and English in 10 learning English for IT at PXU? What type of code-switching you often use? Why? What language skills you often use to code-switch? Why you use code-switching in learning English for IT? How does code-switching help you in learning English for IT? What difficulties you often face in using code-switching? How you overcome the difficulties in using code-switching? Do you think should students use code-switching in learning English for IT? Do you have any suggestion towards code-switching when learning English for IT?  The end 