3 CHAMPIONS CHAMPIONS Teacher’s Book Level Give your students the winning formula! Champions 2nd edition has a new look and updated content to keep your students motivated A flexible new package ensures you have all the materials you need Student’s Book and Workbook UPDATED ● An emphasis on meaningful communication and skills development will give your students confidence in real life situations ● New reading topics and culture sections will help your students learn about other cultures as well as their own ● New cross-curricular reading and project lessons link English to other school subjects Teacher’s Book For the student CHAMPIONS Teacher’s Book Now comes with a reader, to add variety to your classes and to enable your students to develop their reading and language skills Student’s Website NEW Interactive practice in Vocabulary, Grammar and Communication ● Automatic marking ● Web quest activities ● Go to www.oup.com/elt/champions Teacher’s Book UPDATED ● Now available online Online Teacher’s Resources NEW ● Over 40 printable worksheets ● Now with Reading and Writing practice ● Editable course tests with A&B versions ● Printable practice test for KET and PET Audio CDs UPDATED DVD UPDATED ● Updated material ● Authentic interviews with British teenagers ● Worksheets de la Mare Dignen For the teacher Go to www.oup.com/elt/teacher/champions 4004718 Champions TB3 Cover.indd www.oup.com/elt Christina de la Mare Sheila Dignen © Copyright Oxford University Press 18/11/2014 15:24 2nd edition CHAMPIONS Teacher’s Book Christina de la Mare Sheila Dignen © Copyright Oxford University Press 00 CHAMP 2e TB3 Prelims.indd 17/11/2014 13:59 © Copyright Oxford University Press 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 04/11/2014 14:29 Introduction Introducing Champions 2nd edition 4 Overview of components Using the Student’s Book Classroom management Suggestions for further reading Games to use in the classroom Common European Framework of Reference 10 Student’s self-assessment checklist 11 Student’s progress record sheet 12 Class Audio CD track list 13 Student’s Book contents 14 Teaching notes Welcome 16 Unit 22 Unit 29 Review A 36 Unit 38 Unit 45 Review B 52 Unit 54 Unit 61 Review C 68 Curriculum extra 70 Workbook answer key Answers to Workbook exercises Alphabetical word list Portfolio pages 73 79 85 © Copyright Oxford University Press 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 04/11/2014 14:29 Introducing Champions 2nd edition Overview of components Methodology Student’s Book and Workbook Champions 2nd edition is a four-level British English course written specifically for secondary school students, with particular emphasis on meaningful communication and skills development These are the key features of Champions 2nd edition methodology Hands-on language presentation Students immediately interact with the dialogue or text that opens each unit, checking their understanding of meaning and context, and giving them the chance to try out new structures Guided discovery Students explore the meaning and usage of new language before they move on to more formal presentation and practice Communicative practice Dialogue work and personalization are emphasized at each level, and pairwork activities and games are included throughout Cultural awareness A focus on the UK and other Englishspeaking countries is placed within the context of the wider world Skills development In every unit students apply and extend what they have learnt, through targeted skills lessons designed to build their competence in each individual skill Self-assessment Students regularly review and measure their progress against the Common European Framework of Reference Learning across the curriculum Inter-disciplinary reading and project pages link the topics and language content of the main units to other areas of the school curriculum Values The topics in Champions 2nd edition have been carefully chosen to stimulate reflection on a broad range of issues related to citizenship and the development of socially responsible values These are highlighted in the teaching notes for each unit The Student’s Book contains: • six teaching units • a Welcome unit, reviewing key language from the previous level In the Starter level, the Welcome unit briefly reviews basic language typically covered at primary level • a vocabulary and grammar review after every two units, including ‘can do’ statements correlated to the Common European Framework of Reference to encourage regular self-assessment • a Culture club lesson in each Review unit, giving an insight into life in the UK and other English-speaking countries • three Curriculum extra reading and project lessons The Workbook contains: • additional practice for each unit, covering grammar, vocabulary, communication, reading, and writing • detailed grammar notes included at the start of each Workbook unit for ease of reference Flexibility A comprehensive package of components gives the teacher maximum support and flexibility Whatever your teaching style, Champions 2nd edition has everything you could possibly need to match your students’ learning environment Combined Student’s Book and Workbook available as a combined edition Student’s Website with many hours of interactive material for home practice, including Web quests Flexible assessment options Printable, editable tests are included on the Teacher’s Website, including a KET practice test and a PET practice test Further practice tests can be purchased from oxfordenglishtesting.com Printable worksheets 42 extra worksheets are included on the Teacher’s Website, including new reading and writing practice, pairwork activities and games, and review and extension worksheets for extra grammar and vocabulary practice 4 Introduction 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb Student’s Website The Student’s Website includes: • interactive practice for each Vocabulary, Grammar and Communication lesson from the Student’s Book • Text builder activities • automatic marking • Web quest activities • Champions 2nd edition e-cards and wallpapers Teacher’s Book The Teacher’s Book contains: • teaching notes and answer keys for all the Student’s Book material • ideas for warm-ups and extra activities • suggestions for using authentic songs with specific topics or areas of language • background notes and cultural information on people and topics mentioned in the Student’s Book • audio scripts for all listening material • answer keys for all the Workbook material Class Audio CDs Each set of Class Audio CDs contains: • all the listening material for the Student’s Book Teacher’s Website The Teacher’s Website includes printable tests and worksheets: • six unit tests and three review tests per level which are editable and have A and B versions to help prevent cheating • a KET practice test and a PET practice test • 42 worksheets, including new reading and writing practice © Copyright Oxford University Press 04/11/2014 14:29 Using the Student’s Book Language focus Welcome unit The Welcome unit offers six pages of vocabulary and grammar practice, covering language students have seen in the previous level In the Starter level, students are given a brief overview of basic language they may have seen at primary level, before beginning the main syllabus in Unit Main units Each main unit is divided as follows: Presentation pages Vocabulary page Grammar page Communication page Grammar page Skills pages The exercises in the Language focus section familiarize students with the language of the unit, without requiring them to manipulate it In Starter and Level 1, students focus on the target language in relation to specific scenes and sections of dialogue from the photostory; in Levels and 3, students find phrases and structures in the presentation text and use them to complete sentences or captions about the text Finally, Focus on you and Pairwork activities give students the chance to try out the new language in a personalized context, following carefully controlled models Vocabulary Presentation The presentation text on the left-hand page exposes students to the theme, grammar, vocabulary, and functions of the unit The exercises on the right-hand page allow students to interact with the dialogue in more detail, encouraging them to explore, use, and personalize new language before it is formally presented and practised on the Vocabulary and Grammar pages In the Starter level and Level 1, the text is a dialogue presented in a photostory format The photostories reflect the aspirations of the students, using familiar contexts to motivate and engage them Each unit focuses on a different episode in the lives of the central characters In the Starter level, the story takes place in a performing arts school and follows the fortunes of a new student, Holly Holly is happy to be at her new school and quickly makes friends, but she also finds that she has a rival who wants to prevent her from achieving her dreams The story culminates in the production of a school musical, where Holly finally wins the lead role In Level 1, we follow the story of Sam Sam loves basketball, but he is having problems with poor marks in his other school subjects As he faces a moral dilemma, he is helped by a friend to make the right choice, and in the end everything works out for the best In Levels and 3, the emphasis is on texts dealing with individual topics of a more grown-up nature, in recognition of the fact that students, along with their interests and tastes, mature very quickly during the teenage years A variety of formats and genres is used, including dialogues, magazine articles, and web pages Following on from the presentation text, students complete a series of questions to check basic comprehension The Check it out! feature draws students’ attention to useful colloquial expressions in the dialogue This page presents and practices a set of vocabulary items associated with the unit topic and previewed in the presentation lesson Look! boxes contain useful tips and draw attention to potential pitfalls, including spelling rules, exceptions or irregular forms, collocations, and notes about English usage Students once again have the opportunity for guided speaking practice with a Pairwork activity at the end of the lesson At the foot of the Vocabulary page students are directed to the Student’s Website and the Workbook, where there is further practice of the unit vocabulary Grammar Underlying the methodology of Champions 2nd edition is the conviction that students understand and remember rules better if they work them out for themselves As a result, a guided discovery approach to teaching grammar is adopted throughout the series Each unit has two Grammar lessons A grammar chart models the form of the key structures, using examples taken from the presentation text that opens the unit Having already experimented with the new structures earlier in the unit, students are then encouraged to reflect on correct usage in more detail A cross-reference to Rules directs the students to a grammar reference page in the corresponding Workbook unit, where detailed explanations and examples are given The activities on the page provide thorough and detailed practice of both form and usage, moving from carefully controlled exercises to more demanding production Grammar pages have optional Finished? activities which are designed as a fun way of providing extension work for fast finishers Grammar pages also often feature a Game that encourages personalized practice in a less formal context At the end of each Grammar page students are directed to the Student’s Website and the Workbook, where there is further practice © Copyright Oxford University Press 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb Introduction 04/11/2014 14:29 Communication One page in every unit focuses on everyday English Conversational language is presented in the form of a dialogue which reviews the vocabulary and grammar from the previous lessons In a similar way to the Language focus lesson on page of the unit, Communication lessons allow students to explore and use a new structure before they move on to more formal practice on the subsequent Grammar page The Learn it, use it! feature summarizes the target language in the dialogue, while a Pronunciation activity draws students’ attention to a specific sound or a relevant aspect of intonation The students then listen to this language in different contexts before practising it themselves in the Pairwork activity At the end of each Communication page students are directed to the Student’s Website and the Workbook, where there is further practice Skills The last two pages of the unit contain targeted skills work designed to equip students with the necessary strategies to build confidence and competence in each individual skill Skills lessons also provide a way of consolidating and recycling the language students have studied throughout the unit, whilst exploring different aspects of the unit topic Reading texts deal with the main topic of the unit in a factual way using real-life contexts Comprehension exercises typically start with a skimming or scanning activity, followed by more detailed questions that gradually increase in difficulty as the series progresses Listening activities extend the topic of the text A variety of activity formats is used to help students develop wellrounded listening comprehension skills The Speaking and Writing sections give students the opportunity to respond to the unit topic with their own ideas To help students to organize their ideas, both sections usually begin with a written preparation stage The aim is to strike a balance between giving clear, guided models on the page on the one hand, and allowing students freedom to express themselves and experiment with newly-acquired vocabulary and structures on the other Review units After every two main units there is a two-page Review unit comprising: Vocabulary and Grammar review and My Progress page Culture club reading page The first half of each Review unit covers the main vocabulary and grammar points from the previous two units The My Progress chart is a self-assessment chart correlated to the Common European Framework of Reference It is very motivating for students to reflect on their progress and this type of activity is also very helpful in encouraging students to take responsibility for their own learning 6 Introduction 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb Most teenagers are curious to know what life is like for their peers in other parts of the world Culture club reading lessons give a factual account of different aspects of the English-speaking world from a young person’s perspective The Focus on you section at the end of the lesson invites a personal response from students in the form of a piece of writing Curriculum extra There are three cross-curricular reading and project lessons in the Student’s Book, providing one page of material for each block of two units The Curriculum extra lessons link to the themes of the corresponding Student’s Book units, as well as to subjects that students typically study in their own language, such as geography, science, music, literature, PE, and history Each of the lessons concludes with a project that synthesizes the language focus and the content of the cross-curricular theme and gives students the opportunity to develop their creativity The projects can be done in class or assigned for homework Depending on time available and the needs of the students, the projects can be done in groups, pairs, or individually Workbook The Workbook section contains six five-page units of extra practice of the language and skills taught in the Student’s Book The Workbook exercises can be completed in class or for homework The first page of each Workbook unit summarizes the grammar structures introduced in the corresponding Student’s Book unit with comprehensive charts and detailed grammar notes The following two pages provide extra vocabulary and grammar practice The last two pages provide additional practice to accompany the Student’s Book Communication lesson, and further reading and writing practice Student’s Website The Student’s Website includes interactive practice of the Vocabulary, Grammar and Communication sections, a Text builder activity, and a fun Web quest for each unit of the Student’s Book For each Student’s Book unit there are eight Grammar activities and two Vocabulary activities, and a Communication exercise with audio There is also a Text builder activity for each unit of the Student’s Book which requires students to fill in missing words from a reading text to rebuild the text These activities are automatically marked A guided Web quest for each Student’s Book unit encourages students to search for information relating to the topic of the Student’s Book on the Internet using their English Champions 2nd edition e-cards allow students to create and send cards to their friends with messages in English and Champions 2nd edition wallpapers enable students to personalize their electronic devices © Copyright Oxford University Press 04/11/2014 14:29 Teacher’s Book The Teacher’s Book contains detailed lesson notes and answers for all the Student’s Book and Workbook material Each Teacher’s Book unit starts with a summary of the areas of grammar, vocabulary, communication, skills, and topical themes covered in the Student’s Book unit These themes relate to values and responsible citizenship, such as: • ethics and morals • society, including the themes of respect, solidarity, and justice • multiculturalism, including anthropology, human rights, cultural studies, sociology, and historical, geographical, legal, and ethical perspectives • the environment, including protecting the environment, and natural cycles • work and consumerism, including mass communication, advertising, sales, workers’ rights, and consumer rights • health The notes include a description of the aim of every exercise in the Student’s Book, followed by detailed instructions and answers There are also suggestions for Warm-up activities, and Extra activities that can be used to extend the Student’s Book content according to the needs and abilities of each class The Student’s Book is full of factual information and references to the real world The teaching notes provide support for this by giving additional notes and cultural facts in the Background notes Teenage students have an insatiable interest in music and popular culture, and the use of songs to consolidate the linguistic and topical content of the Student’s Book can be an effective way of motivating students The teaching notes for each Review unit include suggestions for suitable songs that can be exploited for this purpose The songs have been chosen because of their lexical, grammatical, or thematic link to the corresponding units See page for suggestions on how to exploit songs in class The review tests focus on vocabulary and grammar, and reading, writing, and listening skills Each test is scored out of 100 points Regular assessment makes it easier to monitor students’ progress Teachers can keep a record of individual students’ progress using the evaluation chart on page 12 Grammar and vocabulary Grammar help and Vocabulary help worksheets for each unit provide additional practice of the Student’s Book material at a basic level, and are ideal for giving weaker students more practice Grammar extension and Vocabulary extension worksheets offer more challenging practice for the more able students Reading and writing There is one reading and writing worksheet per unit, helping students to develop their skills and confidence in these areas Pairwork There is one pairwork worksheet per unit, giving oral practice of the grammar and vocabulary of the corresponding unit Puzzles and games One page of puzzles is included for each unit, and two board games for each level of the series Although these resources give practice of the main grammar and vocabulary of the unit, the emphasis is on fun activities, such as crosswords, wordsearches, and code breakers Practice test for Cambridge ESOL examinations The Teacher’s Website includes a practice test for KET and a practice test for PET Class Audio CD The Class Audio CD is for classroom use There is a track list on page 13 Extra resources Alongside the Student’s Book and Workbook, there is a large amount of extra resource material included on the Teacher’s Website The extra resources provide support material for consolidation, extension, mixed ability classes, and assessment All resources are printable, and can also be projected in class Tests For each level of Champions 2nd edition, there are six unit tests and three review tests All tests have A and B versions to help prevent cheating The tests can be opened using Microsoft® Word and edited before printing The unit tests include vocabulary and grammar questions, dialogue work, and a writing task Each test is scored out of 50 points © Copyright Oxford University Press 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb Introduction 04/11/2014 14:29 • Correct the mistakes Include some incorrect words or Classroom management An English-speaking environment • Use English for classroom instructions as often as you • can, and ask students to use English as well For example: Open your books at page 10 Let’s look at exercise Raise your hand Work in pairs Ask your partner, etc Students should be encouraged to use expressions such as: How you say … in English? How you spell …? I don’t understand Please can you repeat that? Can you say that more slowly, please? Can we listen to that again, please? Can I go to the toilet? • • • Managing large classes Large classes are easier to manage if you establish routines such as: • Write a plan of the day’s activities on the board • Make sure that everyone understands the task before they start Give clear examples and ask students to provide a few as well • Set time limits for all activities and remind students of time limits, for example: You have two minutes left • Walk around the class, monitoring while students work • Get to know your students’ personalities and learning styles so that you can maximize their potential in class • Allow stronger students to help weaker students while ensuring that there is always an atmosphere of mutual respect and understanding Group and pairwork The interaction from working in small groups or in pairs is vital in a language classroom, and students quickly get used to what to expect Here are some tips for organizing group work in large classes: • Do not have more than five students per group • Set up group activities quickly by allocating students with a letter (A, B, C, etc.) Students form groups with other students who have the same letter • Demonstrate tasks with one pair or group at the front of the class • Set a time limit and keep reminding students of it Songs There are many ways in which songs can be exploited in class, including the following suggestions: • Gap-fill There are many variations of this type of activity, in which students are given the lyrics with certain key words deleted To make it easier for students, the missing words can be grouped together in a wordpool As students read the lyrics, they try to fill in the gaps, then they listen and check If you wish to make the activity more challenging, you could add extra words to the wordpool as distracters, or not provide the missing words at all It is important to choose the gapped words carefully, however, both so that they are audible, and so that students can guess from the context which word makes most sense in each gap 8 Introduction 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb • information in the lyrics Ask students to identify where the mistakes are and replace them with the correct words, before they listen to the song to check their answers Choose the correct alternative At regular points in the lyrics, students have to choose between two or more alternative words or phrases to complete the lyrics correctly Students then listen and check Put the verses in the correct order This activity works especially well with songs that tell a story Students are given the verses in the wrong order, and they have to guess the correct order before listening to the song Match rhyming words Many songs are structured so that alternating lines end with rhyming words, and this provides an excellent opportunity to work on different sounds One useful activity is to give students the lyrics with the lines of each verse jumbled Students then attempt to unjumble the lines, according to which lines rhyme with each other, before listening to the song to check their ideas Another variation is for students to choose between two alternatives to end each line This could mean choosing the word that provides the best rhyme, for example, or the word that makes most sense in the context Match words to definitions Songs often contain informal expressions, idioms, and ‘untidy’ grammar With stronger groups it can be useful to have students try to match difficult words and expressions to definitions or explanations Alternatively, where lyrics feature more standard items of vocabulary, students could work together in groups to find the words in a dictionary and agree on a definition Feedback It is important for students to have a sense of how they have performed Provide feedback while you are monitoring activities Alternatively, you can assess an exercise afterwards with the whole class: students can put up their hands to indicate how many answers they shared in pairs or groups, how hard or easy the task was, etc Encourage students to behave well using a points system Award points to pairs or groups that not make too much noise Deduct points from pairs or groups that are too noisy or who are not speaking in English Suggestions for further reading General reference Oxford Essential Dictionary – New Edition Practical English Usage – 3rd Edition by Michael Swan Grammar Oxford English Grammar Course (Basic to Intermediate) by Michael Swan and Catherine Walter Graded readers The Oxford Bookworms Library (Elementary to Preintermediate) – non-fiction readers that are ideal for extended reading, and graded non-fiction readers that are ideal for cultural and cross-curricular studies © Copyright Oxford University Press 04/11/2014 14:29 Exam preparation KET Practice Tests by Annette Capel and Sue Ireland Ideas for supplementary activities and teacher development If students guess the word or phrase before the hangman is drawn completely, they have won If they not, you are the winner This can be played on the board with the whole class, in small groups, or in pairs The complete drawing should look like this Oxford Basics – a series of short, accessible books for teachers who are looking for new creative ways of teaching with limited resources Resource Books for Teachers – a popular series that gives teachers practical advice and guidance, together with resource ideas and materials for the classroom Games to use in the classroom Kim’s Game On a tray, place a selection of objects from a vocabulary set, e.g classroom objects or food Alternatively, you can write the names of the objects on the board and rub them off In groups, give students two minutes to memorize what is on the tray or board Remove an object and ask students to write down the missing object Continue until the tray or board is empty Check the answers with the class The group with all the objects in the correct order is the winner Simon Says Call out commands to the class If your command is preceded by ‘Simon says’, students must obey the instruction If it is not, they must ignore it For example: Simon says stand up (students stand up) Sit down (students remain standing) Students who get it wrong are out of the game This activity is good primarily for practising imperatives, but is also useful for practising vocabulary With a strong class, you could let a student call out the commands Bingo Tell each student to draw a grid of six squares and refer them to the vocabulary page(s) you have just worked on Give them a few moments to memorize the words and pictures in the vocabulary set Books closed, students then draw or write a vocabulary item in each square Call out vocabulary items from the set If the students have drawn pictures, call out the words in English If students have written the English words, you can call them out in their L1 With a strong class you could read out definitions and get students to work out the word When a student hears a word he or she has drawn or written, they must cross it out When all six vocabulary items are crossed out, the student can call out Bingo The first to call out Bingo wins the game Hangman Choose a word or phrase Write a gap for each letter of the word on the board Separate words with a clear space or slash, e.g I lived in Paris _ / _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ Students guess which letters appear in the words Each student can call out just one letter If the letter is contained in the word, or phrase, write it in the appropriate place(s), e.g for the letter ‘i’: I / _ i _ _ _ / i _ / _ _ _ i _ If a student calls out a letter that isn’t in the word or phrase, write it on the board and draw one line of the hangman 20 Questions This can be played on the board with the whole class, in small groups, or in pairs One student chooses a secret identity, e.g that of a celebrity Other students must guess the identity by asking a maximum of 20 questions The student may only answer with short Yes / No answers, e.g Yes, I am No, I don’t, etc The game can be used to practise questions and answers in a variety of different tenses Chinese Whispers This game is excellent for practising pronunciation It can be played as a whole class or in small groups of at least six Put students in a line or circle Write a sentence on a piece of paper and give it to the first student They should read it silently, but not show it to anyone else The student then whispers the sentence to the person on their left, and so on The game continues until the last student whispers the sentence in the first student’s ear The first student then tells the whole group / class what he or she heard, and then reads out the original sentence Is it the same? © Copyright Oxford University Press 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb Introduction 04/11/2014 14:29 Unit Communication Writing Vocabulary Buying presents Exercise Books Exercise Across: 2 crime 3 detective 4 fantasy 7 biography Down: 5 spy 6 horror Exercise 1 autobiography 2 horror story 3 detective story / crime story 4 love story 5 spy story Grammar Present perfect + yet and already Exercise have you sent the email to Mary yet? I haven’t switched on the computer yet Has Tom got up yet? he hasn’t woken up yet Have you bought the concert tickets yet? you haven’t given me the money yet Have they had their exam results yet? they haven’t seen them yet Exercise 1 ’ve already read 2 ’ve already finished 3 ’s already seen 4 ’s already visited 5 ’ve already sent 6 ’ve already taken 7 ’s already broken Exercise 1 yet 2 already 3 yet 4 already 5 yet 6 already 7 yet 8 yet Exercise 2 Which one would you like? It’s normally $14.99 What size is she? Is this OK? Would you like it wrapped as a gift? That’s $11.49 Here’s your change and your receipt Exercise Students’ own answers Exercise Skills Reading Exercise Present perfect + for / since 1 007 2 Dr No 3 Daniel Craig Exercise Exercise 1 for 2 since 3 since 4 for Exercise 1 since 2 yet 3 already 4 just 5 already 6 for 7 since 8 yet Workbook answer key 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 74 Students’ own answers 1 Assistant Good morning Can I help you? 2 Julia Yes, please I’m looking for a present for my dad I’d like to get him a book 3 Assistant Well, what kind of books does he read? 4 Julia He loves crime stories 5 Assistant Has he read The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson? It’s a best-seller 6 Julia Yes, he has He’s already read it He loved it 7 Assistant What about The Girl Who Played with Fire, then? It’s the next book in the series I’ve just finished it It’s great 8 Julia Cool! How much does it cost? 9 Assistant It’s £8, but there’s a sale at the moment There’s a 10% discount, so that’s £7.20 10 Julia Great I’ll take it Here you are 11 Assistant Here’s your change and your receipt 12 Julia Thanks Present perfect + just 1 ’ve just painted 2 ’s just left 3 ’ve just seen 4 have just won 5 ’ve just washed 74 Exercise 1 True False He used guns or explosives that looked like everyday objects False They are the second most successful series of films in the history of cinema False About half the world’s population has seen a James Bond film True False Most people like Sean Connery best © Copyright Oxford University Press 04/11/2014 14:29 Unit Communication Vocabulary At the doctor’s Illnesses and symptoms Exercise 1 temperature 2 sore throat 3 toothache 4 stomach ache 5 backache 6 headache 7 cough Grammar should / shouldn’t Exercise 1 shouldn’t 2 should 3 shouldn’t 4 should 5 should 6 should Exercise You shouldn’t run near the swimming pool Young children shouldn’t swim alone You should drink lots of water when you are playing sports You shouldn’t exercise for too long You shouldn’t eat in the leisure centre Exercise Should Matt work harder at school? he should Should children watch TV late at night? they shouldn’t Should I eat chocolate every day? you shouldn’t Second conditional Exercise 1 we’d have 2 didn’t have 3 Would 4 didn’t have 5 wouldn’t 6 did Exercise 1 took; ’d feel 2 wouldn’t lose; tidied 3 ’d enjoy; tried 4 Would … play; was 5 would pass; studied 6 had; would … eat Exercise 1 wouldn’t be 2 had 3 had 4 ’d go 5 ’d have 6 didn’t spend 7 wouldn’t feel 8 didn’t give Exercise Would you be angry if your friend told a secret about you? Would you tell the teacher if someone cheated in a test? What would you if you won £100? What would you if you saw a famous person? Students’ own answers Exercise 1 2 4 5 6 terrible backache How long have you had it I’ve had it let me have a look Just here Here’s a prescription for some painkillers 7 You should rest Exercise 2 have 3 stay 4 can I 5 does Exercise a 4 c 5 d 3 e Exercise I’ve got a very bad headache It hurts above my eyes I’ve had it for two days now Exercise 5 My arm hurts does it hurt It hurts near my hand long have you had it I’ve had it since Saturday I fell off my bike isn’t broken you should rest it for a week Skills Reading Exercise Tennis, football, yoga, and dance Exercise People should at least half an hour of exercise four or five times a week They can become obese and they aren’t as happy as people who are active You can hurt your arm or leg, or get backache They should find a kind of exercise that they enjoy They would meet new people and make friends at the same time as doing exercise Writing Exercise Students’ own answers © Copyright Oxford University Press 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 75 Workbook answer key 75 04/11/2014 14:29 Unit Investigation Exercise Exercise Vocabulary record discover explain solve explore search for prove investigate Exercise 1 3 5 7 explained 2 solve investigated 4 discovered record 6 searching for prove 8 explore Grammar Possibility in the present: may / might (not), must, and can’t Exercise 1 might 2 can’t 3 must 4 might 5 must 6 may 7 might not Exercise 1 might 2 can’t 3 must 4 might 5 must 6 must a / an, the, no article Exercise He must be on the next bus No, it can’t be true She must be sad about something They might be at home b 5 c 2 d 4 e Exercise He may / might be at home and finishing his homework He may / might be on his way now He must want to come Exercise Suggested answer Ben Where you think Jun is? He’s really late Mi He might be at home and finishing his homework Ben No, he must be on his way now I spoke to him about it this morning Mi Well, the train might be late Ben Or he might be on the next one Mi Let’s call him … he isn’t answering Ben His mobile phone must be at home Mi He must want to come Oh look There he is Jun Where have you been, guys? It’s late We’re going to miss the film! 1 an 2 the 3 the 4 Peru 5 a 6 animals Skills Exercise Reading 1 an 2 the 3 − 4 − 5 The 6 − 7 − 8 the 9 the 10 − 11 the 12 a Exercise (✓) (✗) He loved books and music (✗) He studied engineering at university (✗) He was the first man to walk on the moon (✓) (✗) After 1994 he didn’t give autographs (✗) In 2005 a hairdresser tried to sell some of Armstrong’s hair Communication Speculating Exercise 1 might 2 must 3 might 4 might 5 may 6 can’t 76 Exercise Workbook answer key 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 76 Exercise Three Exercise They are chemicals which are unique to each person Scientists think women like a smell which is very different from their own The physical signs of attraction are not being able to eat, sleep, or concentrate They change the way the body behaves, for example your hands might become hotter than usual, or you might find it difficult to speak clearly because you feel nervous Writing Exercise Students’ own answers © Copyright Oxford University Press 04/11/2014 14:29 Unit Communication Vocabulary Reporting a crime Crime Exercise 1 kidnapping 2 shoplifting 3 robbery 4 vandalism 5 pickpocketing Exercise 1 murderer 2 shoplifter 3 mugger 4 vandalized 5 stolen 6 kidnapped Grammar Past continuous (affirmative and negative) Exercise 1 2 3 4 5 wasn’t sleeping; was dancing wasn’t playing; was drinking wasn’t listening; was painting wasn’t playing; was reading wasn’t writing; was watching Exercise 1 stole my rucksack 2 I was walking 3 they ran away 4 What time 5 look like Exercise 2 e 3 b 4 d 5 a Exercise Yes, I want to report a crime A man stole my neighbour’s computer It was on Moore Street It was ten o’clock in the morning I was making my bed in my bedroom and looking out of the window He was wearing a white T-shirt with dark trousers, trainers, a jacket, and a cap He had long dark hair Skills Past continuous (interrogative and short answers) Reading Exercise 1 B 2 A 3 C 1 3 5 7 Were you talking 2 was Were you waiting 4 were Were they robbing 6 were were you wearing 8 wasn’t while Exercise 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 b 6 f Past continuous and past simple + when / while Exercise 1 were walking; started 2 met; was shopping 3 learnt / learned; was / were living 4 were waiting; robbed 5 took; were staying Exercise 1 was watching 2 heard 3 went 4 was standing 5 came 6 Was he carrying 7 had 8 happened 9 called 10 ran 11 was talking 12 was he wearing 1 3 did the man look 14 looked Exercise Exercise About 75,000 gang members live in Chicago It is one of the biggest gangs in Los Angeles and has even got members in other countries LA street gangs started recording music in the 1990s They listen to ex-gang members because they really know what life in a gang is like They learn camping skills Because many of them have never left their neighbourhoods before It’s a new experience for them and it helps them to think about their lives Writing Exercise Suggested answers They were writing graffiti They use it to vandalize buildings and mark their territory Students’ own answers Exercise Students’ own answers © Copyright Oxford University Press 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 77 Workbook answer key 77 04/11/2014 14:29 Unit Vocabulary The computer Exercise 1 screen 2 USB port 3 keyboard 4 mouse 5 speakers 6 headphones 7 microphone 8 webcam 9 printer 10 scanner 11 memory stick Exercise 1 receive 2 download 3 chatting 4 sent 5 surf 6 upload 7 playing Grammar The passive Exercise are produced, are told, is served, isn’t cooked, are sold The passive: present simple (affirmative and negative) Exercise 1 sent 2 sold 3 is 4 created 5 is Exercise 1 are taken 2 isn’t spoken 3 are shown 4 aren’t grown 5 is enjoyed The passive: present simple (interrogative and short answers) Exercise Are cars produced in India? they are Is English spoken in the US? it is Are letters sent on the Internet? they aren’t Are hamburgers made with meat? they are Is football played on ice? it isn’t The passive: past simple (affirmative and negative) Exercise 1 was broken 2 wasn’t found 3 was carried 4 weren’t contacted 5 were told 6 was won 7 wasn’t beaten 8 was given 9 wasn’t taught 10 was downloaded 78 Workbook answer key 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 78 by + agent Skills Exercise Reading The Internet is used by over billion people My bike was stolen last night The first books were printed in the 15th century The 100 metres gold medal was won by Usain Bolt Online games are played by many people The planet Uranus was discovered by William Herschel in 1781 The passive: past simple (interrogative and short answers) Exercise What food was found in the Pyramids? Where was money invented? What sport was played on the moon in 1971? When was the Empire State Building built? Communication Asking about a tourist attraction Exercise 1 3 4 5 6 It’s called 2 is similar to What’s it made of When was it built Who was it designed by He’s designed Exercise 2 When was it built? Who was it designed by? How tall is it? What’s it called? Exercise Suggested answer Tourist Wow! Look at that building! What’s it called? Guide It’s called the Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower Tourist It’s amazing! What’s it made of? Guide It’s made of steel, aluminium, and glass Tourist It’s very modern When it was built? Guide It was built from 2006 to 2008 Tourist Who was it designed by? Guide It was designed by Tange Associates Tourist How tall is it? Guide It’s 204 metres tall Exercise 2 A 3 C 4 B Exercise They could perform very difficult problems again and again They were so big and expensive that only big companies had enough money to buy them Computer experts used the first personal computers It was used to type in instructions to tell the computer what to The first computer games were sold in the 1980s It made it easier for people with no training to use computers It has brought the opportunity to sell goods all over the world quickly and easily Because there are small computers you can wear or fit into your pocket, and 3D computers for amazing film and gaming experiences Writing Exercise Suggested answer The first mobile phones were produced in the 1960s and weighed from 3kg to 40kg! In the 1990s smaller, lighter phones were produced SMS messages became possible, too But mobile phones still only had a few thousand customers In the 2000s a new generation of mobile phones were sold They were smaller and lighter, and they had access to the Internet, too By 2007, they were used by 295 million people Now mobile phones are used all over the world for lots of things: downloading music, writing emails, and reading newspapers, etc In the future there may be live TV on all mobile phones! © Copyright Oxford University Press 04/11/2014 14:29 Word list This word list shows the new key words and phrases that are introduced in Champions 2nd edition Level The words are presented alphabetically and followed by a reference to where each is introduced Key: W = Welcome, U = Unit, R = Review, Cc = Culture club, Ce = Curriculum extra Word Translation / Definition Word Translation / Definition Aa bar U3 bath U3 battle CeA be in a newspaper U1 be sick W bear U4 beg U5 beggar U5 believe U3 benefit CeB between U4 bilingual CeA biography U2 bird U4 biscuit W blogger U6 blood CeB bone CeB book U1 boss W bottle U5 bowling U1 boycott CcC brain CcC brand new U4 bread W break (noun) U3 break (verb) U2 brochure U5 bronze U1 build U5 building W bully (noun) CcB bully (verb) CcB bullying CcB bungee jumping U1 burglar U5 burglary U5 burgle U5 burn U5 bus stop W busy U2 a cold U3 a cough U3 a headache U3 a rash U3 a sore throat U3 a temperature U3 above U1 abroad W access U6 activity U1 actually U3 admire U3 admit U2 adventure U2 advice U2 affect CeA after-school U3 agent U2 agree U2 alarm U5 album U6 algae CeC alien U2 allergic U3 alligator U1 allow CcC alone U3 already U2 amount CeB an earache U3 ancient U4 anniversary RC ant U4 anxious U3 ape U4 appearance U5 archaeologist RB architect U6 area RC arrest U4 arrival U5 art and craft W art gallery U2 assistant U2 attend U6 authentic U4 author U2 autobiography U2 average U3 avoid U3 award U1 Bb backache U3 backstreet U5 banana W bank W Cc café U2 calendar U4 camel U1 campaign CcB campsite U4 canoeing U1 captain U3 car park W carbon dioxide CcC career U6 careful U5 carrot W case CcB cashier U4 © Copyright Oxford University Press 79 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 79 04/11/2014 14:29 80 Word Translation / Definition Word Translation / Definition catch fire U2 cause U3 cave U1 CD-ROM drive / DVD drive U6 celebrity CcB century U4 challenging U1 chance CcA character U2 chat / socialize online U6 check U4 cheese W chemical U3 chemist W chocolate W circus U1 city U4 civil rights CcC classical W clear the table W clearly U4 clever U6 climb U1 climb a mountain U1 climber U6 climbing W cloud W cloudy W coast U1 coasteering U1 coffee pot U2 cola W collect CcC collector U4 college U3 colony U5 come over U3 commission U6 commit U5 computerize U6 concentration U3 concert W concrete U6 confidence U1 confidently CcB connect U6 contact U4 contain U3 contestant U6 continue U2 control U6 convert U6 convict U5 copy U3 costume U4 countryside CeB couple U4 courage CcC course W cow U4 crash U4 crazy U1 cream U3 create U4 creative W creature U2 crime U4 crime story U2 criticize U6 cross U1 crowd CcC culture CeA current U2 cyclist U5 Word list 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 80 Dd damage U5 danger CeC dangerous U1 deal with U3 death U5 death sentence U5 debut U6 decide U4 definitely U2 dentist U3 descendant U5 deserve CcB design U6 detective story U2 determined CcC develop U6 development U1 device U6 digital U6 disappear U5 disappearance U4 disappointed W discover U1 distance U5 a parachute jump U1 the cooking W the ironing W dolphin U1 download U2 download software, videos, music, photos U6 dragon U2 dream CcC driving test U2 drums W duke U1 dump CeC Ee e-book U6 Egypt RB Egyptian U4 elect CcC electronic U6 emotionally CcB empty U2 encourage U2 endangered CcA engine U4 enter U5 entertainment U4 equality CcC equipment U1 escape U4 evidence U4 exactly U2 exam W exciting U1 exercise U3 exist CcA expensive U5 © Copyright Oxford University Press 04/11/2014 14:29 Word Translation / Definition Word Translation / Definition experience (noun) U1 experience (verb) CcA explain U4 explore U4 extinct CeA Hh Ff fabric U6 face U2 fact U4 factory U5 fail U3 fair U6 fairy U4 family-sized U3 fan U2 fantasy story U2 farm U5 fashion U6 feature U6 feed the dog W fight (noun) U2 fight (verb) CcB fill U5 film U4 film-maker U5 fine U1 fire U2 fit CeB fitness U1 fly U1 fly in a plane U1 foggy W follow U6 football match U1 football pitch U1 footprint U4 foreign W forget U3 fountain U5 free U1 freedom CcC fresh air CeB full U5 fun U1 Gg gadget U6 garage U4 garbage CeC generation U6 get married U1 glacier CcA glass U6 global CcA go out U4 go whitewater rafting U1 goal U4 gold U1 governor CcC grab U4 graduate CcC graffiti U5 grow U2 guidebook U4 guitar W gun U2 guy U3 haircut U3 hairy U4 half-day U1 harp W hate W have an accident U1 head CcB headphones U6 health U3 healthily U3 hear U1 heart CeB heavy U3 helicopter U1 helmet U1 highlight U6 high-tech U2 hiking U1 hip hop W hit CcB hobby W hold U6 honest U3 honey U6 horror story U2 horse U1 horse riding U2 household U6 huge U4 humorous U4 hunger U2 hungry U2 hunt U4 hurt U3 Ii ice pack U3 impress U3 impressive U6 improve U3 increase U5 incredible U5 indigenous CeA indoors U5 influence CcC insecurity CcB inside U4 insist U2 instead U6 interest U2 interview U5 invent U1 investigate U4 involved CcB Jj jazz W jellyfish CeC join U1 journalism U6 journey U4 jump U1 just U2 Kk karaoke U1 keyboard U6 © Copyright Oxford University Press 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 81 Word list 81 04/11/2014 14:29 Word Translation / Definition Word Translation / Definition kidnap someone U5 kidnapper U5 kidnapping U5 kill U2 kilometre U1 kitesurfing U1 murder someone U5 murderer U5 muscle CeB museum U2 mysterious U2 mystery U4 myth U4 Ll late W lay the table W layout U3 lazy W leader CcC least U1 legend U4 lemon U6 level U1 librarian U2 library W life jacket U1 limit U1 line U4 load the dishwasher W local authority CeB lock U5 lonely CeA lose U1 lottery U3 love story U2 lozenge U3 lucky U4 lung CeB Mm make fun CcB make my bed W manage U3 management U3 manuscript U4 mark U3 massive U4 matter U3 meal W medication U3 medicine U3 meet a famous person U1 member U1 memory stick U6 memory U2 metre CcA microphone U6 midnight U3 milk W minister CcC miss W mistake U4 modern U4 modernize U4 monster U2 mood U3 most U1 mountain biking U2 mouse U6 movement CcC, CeC mug someone U5 mugger U5 mugging U5 murder U5 82 Word list 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 82 Nn nasty CcB native (adjective) U6 native (noun) U6 near W neatly W nervous U3 network U4 New Zealand U1 nightmare U5 nocturnal U2 northern U4 note U4 notebook W notice U4 nowadays U6 Oo obesity U3 obviously U4 occasional U3 office U1 opinion U4 organized W organizer U1 out U1 outdoors CeB outgoing W outside U1 oxygen CeB Pp pain U3 painkiller U3 paintballing U1 painting W park W participant U6 part-time W pass W passport U1 patch CeC patient W pay attention U5 penal U5 penalty U5 penguin CcA perform W permission W physically CcB piano W pick someone’s pocket U5 pickpocket U5 pickpocketing U5 pill U3 play games U6 pocket U5 police officer U5 police station W politician U2 © Copyright Oxford University Press 04/11/2014 14:29 Word Translation / Definition Word Translation / Definition pop W popular W possession U6 post (noun) U3, U5 post (verb) U2 post office W potato W pour U2 powerful CcB practice U3 practise U1 prefer U2 prescription U3 presenter U4 prime minister U5 printer U6 prison U5 prize U1 promise U3 proof U4 property U5 protect CcA prove U4 psychologist U4 publication U6 publicize CeC purpose U6 push U5 pyramid U4 rock (music) W rocky U1 romantic CcA round-the-world U3 rubbish CeC run away U5 Qq quietly U2 Rr rabbit W raining W raise CeC rare U4 reach CeC react CcC real U4 receipt U2 record U4 recorder W recycle CeC reflect U6 relaxation U3 release U6 repair CeB reply U2 report (verb) U5 reporter U1 researcher CeB rest U3 retired U1 return U2 reunite CeA ride U1 ride a horse U1 right CcC rise U2 risk U2 rob U4 rob a bank U5 robber U5 robbery U5 robot U6 rock U1 , Ss sale CeC Sasquatch U4 save CeC saxophone W scan U6 scanner U6 sceptic U4 school trip U1 science-fiction story U2 scientific U4 score U2 scream U3 screen U6 scuba-diving U1 search for U4 secret agent U2 secret services U2 section U1 send / receive emails U6 sentence U5 separate CcC series U2 servant U5 session U1 shape U4 shard U6 shine CeB shocked U2 shocking U4 shoplift U5 shoplifter U5 shoplifting U5 shoulder U3 show U1 shy W sick U3 silent CcB silver U1 similar U3 ski U5 skill U1 skin CcB slavery CcC sleep in a tent U1 smartwatch U6 smile (noun) W smile (verb) U2 smoking CeB snowboarding U1 snowing W social network CcB software U6 solve U4 soup U4 southern CcA space U3 spaceship U2 speakers U6 special forces U2 speech CcC © Copyright Oxford University Press 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 83 Word list 83 04/11/2014 14:29 Word Translation / Definition Word Translation / Definition spend U2 spider U3 sponsored CeC sport W spy story U2 stand U4 state CcC statement CeA statue U2 steal W steel U6 stomach ache U3 stone U4 strange RA stress U3 stressed U3 stressful U3 strong CcB successful U2 sunny W surf the Internet U6 surfing U1 survive U1 sushi U1 suspect U5 suspense U2 suspicious U5 sweet W sympathetic U3 symptom U3 truth U4 turtle CeC Tt tablet U3 take a break U3 take out the rubbish W take part U1 talent U6 tattoo U2 teen U2 teenager U2 temple U4 term U3 terrifying U4 test U6 theft RB theory U4 thief RB threat CcC threatening U5 tiger U1 timetable U3 tiny CeB tip U3 tired U3 title U2 ton CeC toothache U3 top U1 top secret U2 topic U6 total U1 tour W tourist U4 tourist attraction U1 tower U6 travel W treat U3 trumpet W 84 Word list 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 84 Uu unforgettable CcA unicycle U1 uniform W unlikely U3 upload software, videos, music, photos U6 urban U4 USB port U6 Vv vampire U2 vandal U5 vandalism U5 vandalize a building U5 version U4 victim CcB view (noun) U1 view (verb) U6 viewer U6 violin W visit a foreign country U1 visit websites U6 vitamin D CeB volunteer U1 Ww wait U2 waiter U4 walk U2 wallet U3 watch U6 water W way CeC webcam U6 well W wetsuit U1 whale U1 whale watching CcA wheel U5 whole U3 wide CcA wild U4 win a competition U1 windy W witness U5 world W World Wide Web U6 worry CeB writer U2 Xx X-ray U2 Yy yet U2 yoghurt W © Copyright Oxford University Press 04/11/2014 14:29 A Portfolio Speaking and writing I can describe what I have or haven’t done in my life. I can make a booking by phone. B1 Can I book a session, please? I’ve ridden a horse Can you? Can you? _ / /5 I can identify different types of book. I can ask my partner about his / her B1 autobiography experiences.B1 When did youwin a competition? Can you? Can you? _ / I can describe an experience in my life. /5 I can have a conversation in a bookshop. B1 I’d like to buy a book B1 I went to New York when I was ten B1 Can you? /5 Can you? _ / Reading, listening, and writing 7 10 Can you? Yes I’m not sure I can read and understand a text about ocean sports B1 I can read and understand a text about teenagers’ reading habits B1 I can read and understand a text about the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award B1 I can write a book review B1 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2014 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 85 © Copyright Oxford University Press No Portfolio A 85 04/11/2014 14:29 B Portfolio Speaking and writing I can talk about how to have a healthy I can identify investigation words. lifestyle.B1 You should eat lots of fruit and vegetables disappear Can you? Can you? /5 I can identify different kinds of illnesses and symptoms. B1 stomach ache /5 I can speculate about situations. B2 She might be from Columbia doctor’s.B1 My arm hurts I can talk and speculate about urban legends It might have been an animal Can you? Can you? I can read and understand a text from an online problem page B2 I can write a reply to a message post giving advice B2 I can read and understand a text about searching for evidence B2 10 I can write an urban legend B2 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 86 /5 /5 Reading, listening, and writing Portfolio B /5 B2 I can understand a conversation at the 86 /5 Can you? Can you? B2 © Copyright Oxford University Press Yes Can you? I’m not sure No Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2014 04/11/2014 14:29 C Portfolio Speaking and writing I can identify different crimes and I can ask and talk about popular gadgets B2 criminals B1 kidnapping My computer was made in China 5 Can you? Can you? /5 I can ask and answer questions about a crime I can ask for and give information about technological gadgets. B2 What were they wearing? B2 What you use your computer for? 5 Can you? Can you? I can describe a crime /5 B2 The digital camers was invented in 1975 5 Can you? Can you? I can read an article about bike crime I can read and understand an extract from a textbook 9 I can read and understand a text about a technology fair 10 I can read and understand an interview about people and technology Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2014 /5 /5 Reading, listening, and writing 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 87 /5 I can write about an invention A2 I saw a robbery yesterday /5 © Copyright Oxford University Press Yes Can you? I’m not sure B1 B1 B1 B1 No Portfolio C 87 04/11/2014 14:29 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam oxford and oxford english are registered trade marks of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2014 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2014 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press (with the sole exception of photocopying carried out under the conditions stated in the paragraph headed ‘Photocopying’), or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Photocopying The Publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those pages marked ‘photocopiable’ according to the following conditions Individual purchasers may make copies for their own use or for use by classes that they teach School purchasers may make copies for use by staff and students, but this permission does not extend to additional schools or branches Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain and their addresses are provided by Oxford University Press for information only Oxford University Press disclaims any responsibility for the content isbn: 978 19 400471 Printed in Argentina This book is printed on paper from certified and well-managed sources © Copyright Oxford University Press 4004718 Champions 2e TB3.indb 88 04/11/2014 14:29