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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ANDTRAINING HANOIUNIVERSITY OF SC IENC EANDTECH NOLOGY NGUYENHO NG AN H LOCATION-AWAREMULTIPATHBASEDCHANNELPREDICTIONFORNEXTGE NERATION WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION SYS TEMS DOCTORALDISSERTATIONOFTELECO MMUNICATIONSENGINEERING Hanoi−202 MINISTRYOFEDUCATION ANDTRAININGHANOIUNIVERSITYOF SC IENC E ANDTECH NOLOGY NGUYENHO NG AN H LOCATION-AWAREMULTIPATHBASEDCHANNELPREDICTIONFORNEXTGE NERATION WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION SYS TEMS Major:TelecommunicationEngineeri ngCode:9 2 DOCTORALDISSERTATIONOFTELECO MMUNICATIONSENGINEERING SUPERVISORS: 1.Assoc.Prof.Nguyen VanKhang2.Assoc.P r o f K l a u s Witrisal DECLARATIONOFAUTHORSHIP I declare that I have authored this thesis independently, that I have not used otherthan the declared sources/resources, and that I have explicitly indicated all materialwhichhavebeenquotedeitherliterallyorbycontentfromthesourcesused Hanoi,// 2022PhDStude nt NguyenHongAnh SUPERVISORS Assoc.Prof.NguyenV a n K h a n g i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thisd i s s e r t a t i o n w a s w r i t t e n d u r i n g m y d o c t o r a l c o u r s e a t S c h o o l o f E l e c t r o n i c s andTelecommunications(SET),HanoiUniversityofScienceandTechnology(HUST).I wasalsoreceivedtremendoussupportsfromtheSignalProcessingandSpeechCom-munication Laboratory (SPSC), Graz University of Technology (TUGraz), Austria Iamsogratefulforallpeoplewhoalwayssupportandencouragemeforcompletingthisstudy First, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisors for their effectiveguidance, their patience, continuous support and encouragement, and their immenseknowledge I would like to thank all members of SPSC, TUGraz.They have been very kind andsupportived u r i n g m y v i s i t s t o G r a z They h e l p e d m e a l o t w i t h t h e i r d e e p u n d e r s t a n d - ing of the group’s topics and researches.I also would like to thank all my colleagues inSET, HUST They have always helped me with the research process and given helpfuladviceformetoovercomemyowndifficulties DuringmyPh.Dcourse,IhavereceivedmanysupportsfromtheManagementBoardof School of Electronics and Telecommunications Thanks to my employer, HUST forall necessary support and encouragement during my Ph.D journey I am also gratefulto Vietnam’s Program 911, for their generous financial support.Last but not least, IwouldliketothankOeADandSPSCforgivingfundsformyresearchvisitstoGraz Special thanks to my family and relatives for their never-ending support and sacrifice Hanoi,2 2 Ph.D.Student CONTENTS DECLARATIONO F A U T H O R S H I P i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii CONTENTS vi SYMBOLS vi SYMBOLS ix LISTOFTABLES .xiii LISTO F F I G U R E S xiv CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION ANDMOTIVATION 1.1 Literaturereview .1 1.1.1 Location-awarenessinmmWavebeamforming 1.1.2 Location-awarenessinvehicularcommunications 1.1.3 Location-awarenessinadaptivemobilecommunications,scheduling androuting 1.1.4 Channelqualitymetric(CQM) 1.2 Challengesandmotivations 1.3 Purposesandobjectives 1.4 Researchhypotheses 1.4.1 Towards a site-specificradio propagation modeling 1.4.2 Towardsa l a r g e - s c a l e p r e d i c t i n g o f r a d i o c h a n n e l s t a t i s t i c s 1.4.3 Towardsasideinformation-aidedsingle-anchormultipath-basedlocalization7 1.5 Contributionsa n d o u t l i n e CHAPTER2 S I G N A L A N D S Y S T E M M O D E L S 2.1 Introduction .9 2.2 Systemm o d e l 10 2.2.1 Representationofreflectorsusingvirtualanchors(VAs) .10 2.2.2 Floorplan/environmentinformationforlocation-awareapplications .13 2.3 Hybridgeometric/stochasticsignalmodel 13 2.4 Channelqualityindicators 15 2.4.1 SMCamplitude 15 2.4.2 Signal-to-interference-plus-noiseratio(SINR) .16 2.4.3 ChannelC a p a c i t y .17 2.4.4 Positione r r o r b o u n d ( P E B ) 19 2.5 Discussion .20 2.5.1 Energyc a p t u r e 20 2.5.2 ContributionofindividualSMCsintheoverallchannelcapacity .21 2.6 Chapterc o n c l u s i o n s 27 CHAPTER3.G A U S S I A N P R O C E S S R E G R E S S I O N F O R S M C A M P L I T U D E S 28 3.1 RelatedWork 28 3.2 SMCpropagationmodel 29 3.3 GPModeling(GPM)oftheSMCAmplitudes 30 3.4 GPR 31 3.4.1 GPM o d e l .31 3.4.2 Prediction 32 3.4.3 Learning 32 3.4.4 Evaluatethequalityofprediction 33 3.5 Experimenta n d r e s u l t .34 3.5.1 Experiment 34 3.5.2 Measurementp r e - p r o c e s s i n g 34 3.5.3 GPRofSMCAmplitudes 35 3.5.4 GPRo f S M C P h a s e s .41 3.6 Chapterc o n c l u s i o n s 44 CHAPTER 4.R A D I O E N V I R O N M E N T M A P F O R S I T E - S P E C I F I C PROPAGATIONMODELING 45 4.1 Relatedwork 45 4.2 Radioenvironmentmap(REM)usingGaussianProcessregression(GPR) 47 4.3 SMCamplitudes .47 4.4 SINR 50 4.5 Positione rrorbo un d 52 4.6 Chapterc o n c l u s i o n s 55 CHAPTER5 APPLICATIONOFGPRENABLEDREMSTOROBUSTPOSITIONING 57 5.1 Relatedwork 57 5.2 Problemformulation .59 5.3 Proposeda l g o r i t h m 59 5.4 Result 61 5.5 Chapterconclusions 64 PUBLICATIONS .67 BIBLIOGRAPHY 68 APPENDICES 81 A Descriptionofchannelmeasurementcampaigns .81 A.1 Measurementcampaign1 81 A.2 Measurementcampaign2 82 B Varianceofν k 88 C PredictedVariance 89 ABBREVIATIONS No Abbreviatio Meaning n ACF AutoCorrelationF unction ADC Analog-to-DigitalConverter AOA Angle-Of-Arrival AOD Angle-Of-Departure AWGN AdditiveWhiteGaussianNoise BER BitErrorRate BF BeamForming BS BaseStation CDF CumulativeD istributionF unction 10 CIR ChannelImpulseResponse 11 CRLB CramerRaoLowerBound 12 CQM ChannelQualityMetric 13 CSI ChannelStateInformation 14 DM DiffuseMultipath 15 DMC DiffuseMultipathComponent 16 EC EnergyCapture 17 ECC EuropeanCommunicationsCommittee 18 EFIM EquivalentFisherInformationMatrix 19 EPB EastPlasterBoard 20 FCC FederalCommunicationsCommission 21 FIM FisherInformationMatrix 22 GNSS GlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem 23 GP GaussianProcess 24 GPM GaussianProcessModel 25 GPR GaussianProcessRegression 26 GPS GlobalPositioningSystem 27 GSCM Geometry-basedStochasticChannelModel 28 IoT Internet-of-Thing 29 LIDAR LightDetectionAndRanging 30 31 LLHF M2M LogL ikeliHoodF unction Machine-to-Machine 32 MAC MediaAccessControl 33 MIMO MassiveInputMassiveOutput 34 MINT Multipath-assistedIndoorNavigationandTracking 35 ML MaximumLikelihood 36 MMSE MinimumMeanSquareError 37 MPC MultiPathComponent 38 MRC MaximalRatioCombining 39 MSLL MeanSquareLogLoss 40 NLOS Non-Line-Of-Sight 41 NGW NorthGlassWindow 42 LOS Line-Of-Sight 43 OFDM OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing 44 PA PhysicalAnchor 45 PAM PulseAmplitudeModulation 46 PDF ProbabilityD istributionF unction 47 PDP PowerDelayProfile 48 PHY PHYsicalLayerProtocol 49 PEB PositionErrorBound 50 QAM QuadratureAmplitudeModulation 51 REM RadioEnvironmentMap 52 RF RadioFrequency 53 RFID RadioFrequencyIDentification 54 RRC RootRaisedCosine 55 RSS ReceivedSignalStrength 56 RX Receiver 57 RV RandomVariable 58 SALMA Single-AnchorLocalizationsystemusingMultipathAssistance 59 SEP SymbolErrorProbability 60 SIMO Single-Input-Multiple-Output 61 SINR Signal-to-Interference-plus-NoiseR atio 62 SLAM SimultaneousLocalizationAndMapping 63 SMC SpecularMultipathComponent 64 SMSE StandardMeanSquareError 65 66 SNR SW Signal-to-NoiseRatio SouthWall 67 ToF Time-of-Flight 68 TX Transmitter 69 UE UserEquipment 70 URLLC Ultra-ReliableLow-LatencyCommunication 71 UWB UltraWideBand 72 VA VirtualAnchor 73 WW WestWall
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