gardening in the upper midwest 2nd edition jan 2000

[...]... Generally, the rainfall decreases as one moves in a northwesterly direction Average annual rainfall in our area ranges from about 28 inches in the southeast to about 16 inches in the northwest Fortunately, most of this rainfall comes during the growing season The severity of our winters places the greatest limitation on the plants that can be grown Winter injury on plants takes many forms: 3 4 Introduction... page intentionally left blank Introduction Many excellent books have been written on gardening Most of the authors of these books are from the eastern states, the South, or the West Coast George Luxton's Flower Growing in the North, published in 1956, dealt only with flowers When Gardening in the Upper Midwest appeared in 1978, it was the first comprehensive treatment of problems faced by gardeners in. .. nutrients enter the cell by the process of osmosis through the plasma and vacuolar membranes If the water concentration in the capillary water surrounding the soil particles is higher than the water concentration in the cell sap, water enters the root hair This in turn causes water to move into adjoining cells of the cortex Each mineral element in the soil enters by the same process, depending on relative... air humidity, and wind Water moves from the leaf into the air through tiny holes in the leaves called stomates Loss of water through guard cells surrounding the stomates lowers the concentration of water in these cells By osmosis, water moves from adjoining cells to replace that lost by evaporation Cells nearest the veins of the leaves draw on water in the vessels of these veins This in turn creates a... greatly increase the water-absorbing surface of the plant A film of moisture surrounds each soil particle The outer portion of this film is capillary water, which is free to move in the soil and enter the root hairs The root hair is a living cell within which the protoplast presses tightly against the cell wall In the center is the vacuole filled with cell sap containing sugars and minerals in solution... and the dispersal of the protoplasm Differentiation may involve the thickening of the cell walls and the disappearance of the protoplast in cells like vessels and fibers In cell maturation the cells become part of the mature tissues Growth in length occurs at the stem and root tips; growth in diameter, on either side of the cambium In certain leaves the base of the leaves remains meristematic, and... number of winter burn-resistance selections in evergreen species that typically show v/inter burn Sunscald on the southwest side of the trunk is still another type of winter injury that occurs on thin-barked trees especially during the first few years until they have developed a crown that shades the trunk The Norway maples are particularly sensitive to this type of injury Wrapping the trees in the fall... include the ferns and the fern allies like the horsetails and lycopodiums, or ground pines These reproduce by spores and do not bear seeds The Gymnospermae and the Angiospermae are the seed plants and are considered the highest forms of the plant kingdom The Gymnospermae include the conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and so on The word "Gymnospermae" means "naked seed." In this group the seeds are not enclosed in. .. fruit In the conifers the seeds are borne at the base of the scales that constitute the cones As the cones mature, the scales separate and the seeds drop to the ground In the Angiospermae the seeds are produced inside fruits which assume a variety of forms and may be either dry or fleshy The Angiospermae are divided into two subclasses: Monocotyledoneae (monocots) and Dicotyledoneae (dicots) These... cultivar In the development of new cultivars in many genera of plants, several species are sometimes involved in the ancestry of a single selection This is true with garden roses and many flowering crabapples In such instances only the genus name precedes the cultivar name Mains 'Sparkler' is the proper designation for the recently introduced Sparkler crabapple Rosa 'Peace' is the proper designation for the . Garckning in the Upper /Midwest This page intentionally left blank Gardening in the Second Edition LeonGSnyder M IN NE SO TA University of /Minnesota Press/ /Minneapolis Hi Upper . the growing of fruits and vegetables in the home garden. The rest of the book is devoted to the aesthetics of gardening, including land- scape design, the lawn, and the selection of . with the index; Louis and Helen Fisher of Hastings for permitting the photographing of their yard, and the Visual Aids Department of the Agricultural Extension Service, the Minnesota