Những con số và những con chữ đã tạo lên 1 lịch sử nền kinh tế toàn cầu bào năm 1919, thế giới bắt đầu giao thương
[...]... necessarily bound up with temporal dedifferentiation and a “spatial turn.” The eight chapters of Part Two then unfurl a “panorama” of eight spheres of reality The term “panorama” refers to the fact that although no pedantic claim is made to represent all parts of the world equally, an attempt is made to avoid major gaps in the field of vision In the seven chapters of Part Three (“Themes”), this panoramic... had not existed in the early modern phase of European expansion Neither Portugal nor Spain nor the Netherlands nor England (before approximately 1760) had projected their power to the farthest corner of the earth and had such a powerful cultural impact on the Others” as Britain and France did in the nineteenth century The history of the nineteenth century was made in and by Europe, to an extent that... the mainstream of older world- history writing—thinks within a dialectic of major and minor and 6 7 8 constantly asks what of significance, whether good or bad, each period produced, Bayly concentrates on individual phenomena and examines them within a global perspective One case in point is nationalism Again and again, we read that it was a European “invention” that the rest of the world took on in a. .. occupies a distinctive place that already sets it apart from the eighteenth century Indeed, many of the forms and institutions of current cultural life are inventions of the nineteenth century: the museum, the national archive, the national library, statistical science, photography, the cinema, recorded sound It was an era of organized memory, and also of increased self-observation The role of the nineteenth. .. nineteenth century in today’s consciousness is by no means a matter of course, either for the aesthetic canon or for the formation of political traditions China may serve as an example of this The nineteenth century was disastrous for China politically and economically, and has remained so in the minds of most Chinese They think back reluctantly to that painful age of weakness and humiliation, and official... masters, are rarely played nowadays, while others have entirely vanished into the archives Who still knows any of the countless operas on Germanic or medieval subjects that saw the light of day alongside and after Wagner? 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Similar points might be made about dramatic theater or another typical genre of the time the novel—and a separation of the living from the dead in nineteenth- century. .. and their collections for the Qing period (1644– 1911) The quantity of printed literature in private use was so great that the compilation of bibliographies became one of the scholar’s principal tasks In China, then, libraries and catalogs were not a cultural import What was of Western origin was the idea of a public library; the first opened in Changsha, the capital of the province of Hunan, in May... can escape neither in reality nor in their imagination Only privileged minorities think and act “globally.” But contemporary historians on the lookout for early traces of “globalization” are not the first to have discovered transnational, transcontinental, or transcultural elements in the nineteenth century, often described as the century of nationalism and the nation-state Many people living at the. .. Parisian musical history was global musical history The Paris Opera was not only France’s foremost stage Paris paid composers the highest fees and outdid all 6 7 8 rivals for the rank of music’s leading magnet city Fame in Paris meant world fame; failure there—as happened in 1861 to Richard Wagner, already an established master, with his Tannhäuser—was a deeply wounding disgrace By the 1830s European... other hand, scarcely any old buildings have survived In Tokyo, for instance, which for several centuries (at first under the name Edo) was the capital of Japan, earthquakes, fires, American bombs, and constant reconstruction have erased nearly all architectural traces older than a few decades and even cleared away many Meiji relics The world s great cities range along a scale between the extremes of . often described as the century of nationalism and the nation-state. Many people living at the time already saw expanded horizons of thought and action as a distinguishing feature of their epoch, and dissatisfied.