Breakthrough plus 3 students book

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i With access to Digibook and extra practice Language Grammar Vocabulary Strategy Pronunciation Grammar Vocabulary Strategy Pronunciation Skills simple past regular and irregular used to collocations common uses of get agreeing used to Speaking present perfect and simple past Speaking Listening «+ talking about events that have changed your life + Hitomi (Japan) speaks about changes in Reading + identifying context — one-sided phone conversations + scanning - a magazine article about since/yet, etc verbs and prepositions phrasal verbs with up reacting to news sentence stress Listening + predicting — a radio show about life 100 years age + identifying key words — a web page about things people used to believe as children Writing = + your childhood Reading her life snowboarding Writing = + an event that changed your life Grammar gerund Vocabulary verbs that take the Strategy Reading + speed reading — a questionnaire about manners Writing = + your abilities Pronunciation prepositions asking for and giving opinions intonation in questions Grammar too much/many/ Speaking « talking about problems in your life Reading « categorizing information — an e-zine article about Vocabulary Strategy Pronunciation Grammar Vocabulary Strategy Pronunciation Grammar Vocabulary verb + -ing gerund dependent not enough adjectives people and places common uses of change giving advice word stress will/won't for prediction may/might for possibility word formation, prefixes short responses Speaking Listening Listening city and county life + your hometown Speaking Listening + predicting future events in your life + Fang-Yi (China) speaks about the future Strategy first conditional Speaking Listening Pronunciation make and asking follow-up, questions showing interest of Shanghai « listening for the main idea - two people make Reading when/unless/ + Ethan (U.K.) speaks about some of his problems + listening for detail — three people talk about their hometowns Writing wanlwont future time clauses «+ expressing your opinions « Gillie (L.S.) speaks about being a student + listening for opinion — two people talk about a movie they've just seen Writing as SOON as etc Review Page 42 + talking about memories + Ricardo (Mexico) speaks about an early memory Reading predictions about future technology + identifying the topic — an article about Gliese 581g + predictions about your future + talking about future plans + Shelly (U.S.) speaks about things to in and around San Diego + identifying emotion — two people talk about a job opportunity + previewing - a magazine article about superstitions around the world Writing = « superstitions in your country ; Language Grammar Vocabulary defining relative clauses who/which/where definitions Speaking Listening Strategy Pronunciation confirming details intonation in question tags definitions Reading + speed reading ~ general knowledge quiz Writing — + someone important in your life narrative tenses simple past, past continuous, past perfect adverbs of time and attitude phrasal verbs (1) responding with That's Speaking Listening showing emotion Reading + talking about your experiences « Da-Wei (Taiwan) speaks about an unfortunate experience _ » listening for specific information ~ radio news reports + identifying text organization — a newspaper story about a lucky escape Writing — + an important event in your life participles as adjectives Speaking + talking about feelings and opinions Grammar Vocabulary Strategy Pronunciation Grammar Vocabulary Strategy Pronunciation Grammar Vocabulary American vs British English + listening for detail — three people give adjectives of emotion compound nouns Listening + identifying the topic — five people give conversation -ed/ endings second conditional T wish + simple past Strategy Pronunciation Grammar Vocabulary ; Strategy Pronunciation modals of deduction present and past could/mighy/must, ete their opinions Reading + guessing meaning from context — reviews Writing + a movie review ona movie website Speaking + talking about wishes and possibilities Listening + a personality questionnaire — = advantages Speaking Listening popular idioms common proverbs responding to what you hear Manuela (Brazil) speaks about things she wishes were different in her life » listening for opinion — two people talk about leaving their hometown + under ding the main idea — Reading Writing Vocabulary + Kirsty (New Zealand) answers questions for an opinion survey starting and ending a verbs and definitions moving to a new country Strategy showing surprise Pronunciation — linking - would you ? Grammar s talking about people, places and things + Pepe (Spain) speaks about some important things in his life and disadvar + making deductions » Anna (Australia) speaks about a strange experience + inferring meaning — descriptions of Reading different objects + understanding cohesion — a mystery story reduced forms — have Writing — » your personality simple present passive and simple past passive verbs often used in Speaking Listening the passive verb-noun collocations maintaining a conversation st and rhythm + talking about key events from the past + Wei (Hong Kong) speaks about Hong Kong International Airport + listening for specific information — a radio Reading Writing — news report anning — amazing achievements + a famous landmark Review Page Communication activities Page 84 Wordlist Page 116 Grammar reference Page Irregular verbs Page 118 102 Pronunciation Page 114 Digibook features Page 119 talking about memories simple past regular and irregular used to Vocabulary 250177510001 Strategy agreeing ommon uses of get Class Reuri™i A eee Warm-up , a Discuss the pictures with a partner Whal can you see? Where are people? What's happening? these b Do you have a good memory? Who you remember from your days in high school? Conversation a ˆ +01 Listen and read Sally: It’s great to see everyone again We all look so different I can't believe it now Akiko: Yeah, it’s amazing Oh, there’s Liz Sayer Blonde, : in the black dress Do you remember her? Sally: Akiko: Sally: Yes She used to sit next to me in class, Oh yes, that’s right Didn't you use to live near each other? Yes We're still good friends now, actually Akiko: Oh, and is that James Marston i ' Did you enjoy your school days? We used to go to I didn’t use to like school English.by - : bus Did you use to play a lot of sports? Grammar reference, p.102 with her? Yes, but I didn’t use to speak to him in those days : You didn't? He was very popular He used to date Sally: Akiko: Liz, you know Really? I didn’t know that Oh, yes He wonder Sally: used to date what he’s doing everyone now He's studying to be a doctor Akiko: Oh, so you still know Sally: Yes, | Actually him? we're married b Practice the conversation with a partner Memories even me! I Challenge! With your partner, continue the conversation Oh, I didn’t know that When did you Vocabulary a Complete the text with these verbs “Lused to ! work good grades | My family used to $ sick, so I could hard at high school I always used to used to find it difficult to friends, though to far from the school, and the trip used over two hours Sometimes I used to ° I was at home!” Yumiko b Write each verb in the correct space the train / forever / a test oe fun /a pet / long hair a abroad / on vacation / to the movies the chores / your homework { _ computer games / baseball / music _ sick / shy / lonely / karate ¢ What were your high school days like? Tell a partner I didn't use to work very bard I used to playa lot of sports ©] Exchange a Before you listen, complete the conversation using use/used to Work with a partner A: When you were younger, did you ! B; No, I 2_ hate gym A: Really? So did I I didn’t * B: Neither did I And I never like gym class? pretend to be sick sometimes enjoy school at all, actually get good grades A: And they say school days are the best days of your life! b © 1.03 Listen and check Then practice the conversation with your partner Strategy: Agreeing a Agree with each statement using So/Neither I A: I started school when Iwas six B: So did I | Lused to love swimming when I was a kid I didn’t use to like pasta when I was young Id like to go back to my high school one day { I cant remember much from before I was six ee waa I was much happier in college than in high school ( T couldn't walk until | was two years old b © Communicati _ activity Student A, go to p.84 Student B, go to p.9 1.04 Listen and check Then practice the conversation with a partner | Grammar activities, p.102/ Pronunciation,p.114 +05 Memories Memories EÄ Language in action a Think of a person you used to know, a place you used to go, and an activity you | used to when you were younger Write notes, | A person I used to | | | | know Who you remember? When did you know this person? What you remember about the person? Other details: When was the last time you saw this person? | | | A place I used to go Where ïs it? When did you use to go there? | Who did you use to go there with? What did you use to there? An activity I used todo Other details: What activity did you use to do? Why did you stop going there? Where did you use to it? T ne | Who did you use to it with? How long did you it? Why did you stop? Other details: b With a partner, take turns talking about the person, place and activity you remember Use your notes to Write five sentences about yourself when you were younger, using used to and didn't use to Then make a group help you I remember a girl called Maiko She was my best friend in elementary school We used to and tell your classmates ~ y Lused to live in Hong Kong Đ Memories © Listening a 1.06 Listen to Ricardo, from Mexico, talk about an early memory of a fishing trip Answer the questions Who did he go fishing with? + How old was he? Did he catch any fish? b 1.06 Listen again and write T (true) or F (false) for each statement Ricardo and his father often used to go fishing The fish they caught were pretty small It was Ricardo’s first fishing trip i They threw some fish back into the river The fish tasted good ROR UCR Tei Te]e acon the video for this unit £3 Speaking a Interview a partner Find things you both have in common trip down memory lane What can you remember from your younger days? Where did you use to live when you were a child? What's your first memory of elementary school? Can you remember what games you used to play? Did you use to help with the chores around the house? What band did you like when you were younger? Can you remember your first day at high school? Did you use to have a nickname at school? What pet did you use to have? * Did you use to worry about your appearance? b Make a group and tell your classmates what you and your partner have in common A: B: We both used to play soccer at school when we we Yes, and we both liked the same band » younger Challenge! Think of a happy memory from your childhood, Tell your partner I remember a trip to the zoo when I was around six years old It was Memories Etter Reading Skill: Identifying key words %* When I was young, I used to think that butter came from butterflies! Cristina, Brazil *1 used to believe that firemen were bad people who started fires in people's homes Niran, Thailand %* My parents said I could be anything I wanted when I grew up For a long time I wanted to be a train Toni, Italy used to believe that there was a monster under my bed At night I used to be really scared Molly, U.K * I used to believe my toys came alive while I was asleep I used to dress them %& Whenever our grandparents used to visit, my brother and I always went to the bus station to meet them For years we thought they in warm clothes in the winter, so they wouldn't get cold when they went outside Lily, U.S actually lived at the bus station Marianne, France * used to believe that there was a little man inside the refrigerator It was his job to turn the light on and off I used to spend hours opening the door, trying to catch him Ji-Hong, China a * used to believe I could fly like Superman One day I decided to show my friends I jumped out of my bedroom and spent four months in the hospital window 1.07 Read the stories about things people used to believe when they were children Which story you think is funniest? b Work with a partner Retell Molly’s story using these key words scared Molly used to believe that Memories ¢ Work with your partner and note the key words in each story Then retell each story using the key words d What did you use to believe when you were a child? Make a group and tell your classmates T used to believe that my mom and dad were aliens from another planet I thought they used to change shape when I wasn't looking! Listening Skill: Predicting a Martha, from Maryland, U.S., is 106 years old What you think her life used to be like 100 years ago? Circle the statements you think are true Martha didn’t go to school The laundry and ironing used to take three She used to get water from a river She used to take a bath once a month The toilet was outside, near the house She used to travel by horse The was electricity where she lived She used to be unhappy when she was a child b © to become to receive — ket beller_ — —gel a present _ 1.08 Listen to Martha answer questions on a radio show about her life Mark each statement T (true) or F (false) Vocabulary ` get Common uses of get Write each phrase with get in the correct place get a degree geta-present get an e-mail get advice get dark get older ae to travel in the word web getbetter get mad Zz get onda get a taxi get around | train get home Writing When I was younger, used to go swimming in the river near my home with my friends Challenge! Work with a partner Can you think of any: more phrases using ge #getorr+rtrain Write about three things you used to when you were younger, but don’t anymore Look at the study guide to help you | Study guide Writing about your childhood 14 Think of something you used to when | you were younge! go swimming, play soccer Say where you used to this in the river near my home, in the park Add some details with my friends, on my own Memories Grammar AICTE] STLETS I Strategy present perfect and simple past since/yet, etc verbs and prepositions phrasal verbs with up reacting to news Warm-up Discuss the pictures with a partner Where can you see? What are the people doing? b Do you try to keep in touch with people? Who is your oldest friend? Conversation a 1.09 Listen and read Mariana: Bruno: Mariana: Bruno: Mariana: Bruno: Mariana: Bruno: Mariana: Bruno: Mariana: Bruno: Bruno! Hi How are you? I haven't seen you since graduation Hi, Mariana What a surprise! It's been a long time You're looking well Thanks I see you're a mom now! Yeah, I got married a year ago This is my He's really cute Congratulations! son, Lucas Thanks Anyway, how about you? Didn't you go traveling got married a year ago He went to Peru for six months He’s been back for two weeks He’s just come back from Europe He hasn’t found a job yet Grammar reference, p.103 or something? Yeah, | went to Peru for six months and then I spent a year in Europe I’ve just come back, actually That'sounds amazing I've never been abroad! So, what are your plans now? Well, I'm looking for a job, but I haven't found Do you want to be a babysitter? Er no thanks! b Practice the conversation with a partner Life changes one yet Challenge! Ask your partner questions about the conversation When did Mariana get married? Unit Gerund verb + -ing a Underline the gerund in each sentence Then match each example with a use (ad) We use the gerund (-ing form) in several ways: as the subject of a sentence: Drinking a lot of water is healthy as the object of a sentence: I think that watching TV is really boring Most experts agree that eating chocolate is good for you © after certain verbs (especially of liking and disliking): I can't stand getting up early I really enjoy shopping after some prepositions: Jogging every morning helped me to AL lose weight On our last vacation we went hiking in the mountains = ring remembe at good very not Sorry, but I'm — names Loving someone means that you trust them — completely Tina really can't stand doing the dishes We weren't interested in going out, so we stayed at home I think that reading novels is the best w: to relax Playing baseball well isn’t very easy Kevin enjoys playing football on —_ »" I'm terrible at cooking, Are you frightened of flying? d after some prepositions “ Cheating on exams is wrong b object — ¢ after certain verbs a subject Challenge! What makes youfeel happy / sad/ impatient / worried/ scared? Tell a partner Eating ice-cream on a bot summer day makes me feel happy weekends b Complete each sentence with the gerund of one of these verbs fly buy try be get help go see cook — break my friends since I moved 1 often miss n away from my hometow Are you good at — —~ you can make? Would you mind _ ? What's the best dish We don’t enjoy me with these bags? very much because we wn both get airsick to call him After a week I gave up because he never answered the phone a huge house in the country Imagine Wouldn't that be great? When I was young, I used to dream of a firefighter What you think about to Italy on vacation this year? Let's put this glass back in the box [ don’t want to ti, 10 Grammar reference Ihate 106 -'- tt up early in the morning Grammar reference Unit We use foo much too many and too + adjective when something is more than we want or need: too much + uncountable noun: There's too much noise too many + countable noun: There are too many people too + adjective: It's too hot in this room We use not enough when something is less than we want: not + adjective + enough: This house isn’t big enough not + verb + enough + noun: I don’t have enough time to finish all my work We use fewer and more with countable nouns: There are fewer students this semester There are more men than women in the top jobs We use less and more with uncountable nouns: 's less traffic in the city on Sundays, 's more crime these days Complete the sentences using the words in parentheses and enough, too much or too many I'm full Pve eaten _too much food_ today (food) I didn't have to buy the computer I wanted (money) This coat isn't for this cold weather (warm) in the city It’s There are impossible to park (cars) I didnt have wn too much/many and not enough to finish breakfast this morning (time) Pm very busy today I have (things) Pm afraid we don't have to everyone (chairs) See cant go out because she has There's (poBution) for to (work) here The air is terrible Tm noe to lift this, I'm afraid, rong) #s xery cramped in here There are (people) Woe cant drive yet You're not (oid) | cant stand driving in New York ‘There's always (traffic) B My grades weren't , 80 Thad to setae the exams (good) 1s ibe here I can’t carry them all (Books) Challenge! Grammar reference Grammar reference will/won't We use will/won't to say how will happen in the future: James will definitely get PIL probably leave home We definitely won’t buy certain we are that something a job next year after summer a new car a Put the phrases in the correct positions on the probability scale probably won't definitely won't may/might aw & We use may/might to say that something is possible in the future: I think it may rain this afternoon Scientists might find a cure for cancer James might not get the job he wants will definitely will probably most probable The adverb of probability (definitely, probably, etc.) comes after will, but before won't The negative is may not/might not might/may least probable b Put the words in the correct order to make sentences next / / will / go / summer / definitely / traveling I will definitely go traveling next summer won't / energy / be / very / solar / probably / popular definitely / world / there / pollution / the / An Rw more / will / be / in live / probably / people / won't / space / in in / robots / the / help / humans / might / home be / electric/ never / cars / popular / will there / won't / the / cities / under / ocean / definitely / be / any people / live/ definitely / longer / will / many probably / the / safe / world / will / be / less Challenge! =) Grammar reference Grammar reference Unit First conditional We use the first conditional to talk about a possible future event or situation and its result: If it rains, we'll go home If | don't see you tomorrow, PI call you We make the first conditional with /f+ simple present, willfvon't + verb a Complete the conversations using the words in parentheses and the first conditional A: _Ldda_ groceries B: Well, | mot time A:lỮyou A: If the weather Time clauses If clauses describe something that is possible: IfI go shopping, 'll buy some onions immediately after something else: I'll call you as soon as | get home We use until to say something will or won't happen up to particular point: T'll wait here until you call I won't leave until I hear from you We use unless to mean except if: T'lLleave unless you want me to stay (you / do) if James B: If a sentence, We use as soon as to say something will happen (remember), (you / get) some mushrooms? A: What We use a comma after the //clause when it starts When clauses describe something that is certain: When I see you, I'll give you the report (not / leave) now, you B; OK If you The If clause can come either first or second: lll phone if you want If you want, I'll phone B: Good idea, (not / go) to the party? (not / see) him there, I (call) him tomorrow (be / bad), I (take) the car Your boss (not / like) it if you again wn (get) the (miss) your flight (call) you when I (arrive) at the hotel (go) shopping if I (have) time later Al You can use my car if you want get (be / not) sure if1 fave — (have) B: OK Bye I Wil/wonf can be replaced by modal verbs such as should/ may/might/can: If it rains, we might go home We can replace If with a number of different time clauses: (do) the dishes if you A: If Akiko (arrive) late (leave), I (not / be able) to finish this proj B: Don’t worry If she (find) a replacement (go), we b Match the phrases to make sentences You will fail the course a If I lend you some money, Sue will be when you sœ @weesoee b unless you sel ane an C until Marte gems eee late d if they afer fap eer Will you take the job I won't say anything e unless yew came ao every class We won't have f as soom 2s ï geet home lunch Will you say “hi” from me I'll start cooking dinner g Wall pe ee e eck? h @ she doesst ewe now Challenge! Grammar reference Unit Defining relative clauses a Complete the sentences using who, which We use defining relative clauses to say exactly which people, places and things we are talking about and where Mr Danson is the teacher I remember most from high school ‘That small supermarket on the corner is I first met your mother We use who to refer to people: She's the woman who | told you about He’s the man the bank We use which to refer to things: This is the book which you lent me In defining relative clauses, you can use that in place of who, where and which She’s the woman that used to live next door which, where, or that) can be either of a sentence in the bank is John’s brother pronoun) ‘The man who | saw in the bank is John’s brother (who here is an object pronoun; / is the subject) We can leave out the object pronoun in a clause defining relative The man (who) I saw in the bank is John’s brother However, we can’t leave out subject pronouns ‘The man who works in the bank is John’s brother running out of The only student failed the exam was me I lent you You never returned the DVD My hometown is a small village everyone knows each other staurant we usually go is The closed tc The person I argue with most in my family is my father We use where to refer to places: That's the place where I found the money Relative pronouns (who, the subject or the object The man who works (who here is a subject I saw I'd like to show you the secret place 10 I used to hide as a child The thing I like most about you is 11 The movie your honesty we saw last night was really boring This office is I spend most of my time Did you ever read the book I gave you last year? 14 Everyone was at the party had a 13 great time, Traveling around Europe was a great experience Till never forget b Make sentences using these words and who, which and where NO VR WN that / the pen / I lent you last week That's the pen which I lent you last week that / the man / the police are looking for she / the assistant / sold me the watch that/ dog / bit me he / the boy / stole my wallet this / the coffee shop / | usually go to for lunch that / the computer / doesn't work they / people / want to buy my car he / the actor / who used to play James Bond Grammar reference Grammmar referenc‹ Unit Narrative tenses We use the simple past to talk about actions and events in progress at a specific time in the past: Hiro left the office and went home PAST left the a Circle the correct answers to complete the conversation A: 1! saw / was seeing you last night leaving Jack’s house What * were you doing / had you done NOW there? B: * had played / was playing a new computer game that Jack * bought / bad bought went office home A: It B: We use the past continuous to: ¢ talk about longer actions and events in the past: I was working at home last Friday afternoon set the scene for a story: It was raining and we were feeling tired talk about an action that was happening when something else happened: They were getting on a plane when the police stopped them, PAST getting on the plane Now and the teacher % had been / was angry this morning because I hadn't done / didn’t my homework b Complete the story using the verbs in parentheses in the simple past, past continuous or past perfect tenses, (get) home last night, I (discover) that someone stopped We use the past perfect to talk about an action or event in the past that happened before something else: The train had left before I arrived at the station PAST NOW left Yeah I guess we ° had just finished / were Jinishing A: ’ Did you have/ Were you having a good time? B: Sure, but I start / was starting to get a headache, When I! police train was /had been very late — around 11 o'clock arrived at station house while I kitchen window (break) into my (shop) downtown The (be) open and as soon as I (go) into the family room, I (see) that someone * (take) my TV and some DVDs I immediately % (call) the police and 10 + (tell) them what "' (happen) I thes l2 (ook) in my bedroom, but luckily the thief B (not / find) my expensive watch or jewelry While I I suddenly [16 ' (come) out of my bedroom, (hear) a noise in the kitchen (run) downstairs and into the kitchen just a man 17 Naturally, I #8 he ® ground and 2! (climb) out of the window (shout) “Hey Who are you?” Bul (not / stop) He 2° (Gump) to the (drive) away in a black car Grammar reference Grammar reference Unit Participles as adjectives a Circle the correct adjectives Everyone was disappointed / disappointing to hes that the concert was canceled We use -ed adjectives to describe how we feel: After the soccer game, I felt tired all afternoon I was shocked by the news on TV last night We use -ing adjectives to describe who or what makes us feel this way: There are too many ads on TV these days I find i very frustrated / frustrating We had a very relaxed / relaxing day at the beact yesterday Working on a farm is very tired / tiring, but I enjc The soccer game was very tiring The news on TY last night was shocking Common -ed/-ing adjectives amazed amazing amused amusing bored depressed disappointed excited exhausted exciting exhausting frightened frightening interested interesting frustrated 10 relaxing shocking surprising terrified terrifying worried worrying When I noticed I'd forgotten to put on any socks, b Read the questions and complete each adjective with -ed or -ing What's the most amus _ comedy show on TV at the moment? Do you feel excit when you think about the future? Are you ever shock _ by what you see on TV? What sports are you interest _ in? Do you think that science fiction movies are bor ? When you watch the news, you often feel đepress— ? Who is the most annoy person you know? What's the most frighten thing that’s ever happened to you? “` tiring Challenge! (i) Grammar reference it I felt very embarrassed / embarrassing fascinating frustrating All the kids were very excited / exciting when started to snow Iwas very surprised / surprising to hear that I hac won the contest Bungee jumping is the most terrified / terrifying thing I have ever done embarrassing relaxed shocked surprised tired boring depressing disappointing disgusting fascinated you should eat it annoying disgusted embarrassed it This fish smells disgusted / disgusting | don’t thin w annoyed I couldn't sleep at all last night, so I feel exhausted / exhausting this morning Grammar reference Unit 10 Second conditional We use the second conditional to talk about imaginary or improbable situations in the present or future: IfI had the time, I’d exercise more What would you if you found a cell phone? We make the second conditional with If+ simple past, would/wouldn’t + verb a Put the words in the correct order to make sentences and questions better /1/a/1 wish / had / job / wish | had a better job had / if / would / bicycle / to work / ride / a /1 1/ would / go / the chance / to college / if1 / had would / happier / if | / be / much / worked / part-time / you / complain / the time / wish / wouldn't / all Would/wouldn’t can be replaced by could to talk about ability: If you could have anything for dinner tonight, what would you have? If they worked harder, they could make more progress The If clause can come either first or second: If | won $1,000, I'd be very happy I'd be very happy if | won $1,000 We use a comma after the Jf clause when it starts a sentence We can say either If I/he/she/it was or If I/he/she/it were in the second conditional: If the wee her was/were better, we could have a picnic If| was/were rich, I'd live in a big house The difference between the first and second conditional depends on how the speaker sees the situation: If | win the game, I’I call you (it’s possible) If | won $1 million, ’'d buy a plane (1 don’t think it will happen.) I wish + simple past We use I wish + simple past to talk about a present situation that we would like to be different: I wish | lived closer to work I wish we didn’t have so much homework cooking / would / my / you / tell / if you / didn't like / me to eat / if you / tonight / have / what would / you / choose anything / could do/ if you what would / a / found / you / cell phone could / to go / go anywhere / if you / where / you / decide / would b Match the phrases to make If she didn’t work so hard, If I found $1,000 on the street, I would have more free time If I didn’t have to homework, He would visit more often We'd go on sentences a I'd go out tonight b c d e f if he lived closer to us if we had the time ifI knew the answer I'd tell the police they'd go swimming every day g she wouldn't be so exhausted h if | worked less vacation If they lived near the beach, Of course Id tell you Challenge! Work with a partner Ask questions using the second conditional What would you if you * find / a spider in your room? forget / your best friend’s birthday? © other? Grammar reference Unit 11 Modals of deduction We use the modal verbs must, may, might, could, and cant to make deductions a Complete the conversations using the verbs in parentheses and must, can’t or might in the present or past A: can't find Sam Do you know where she is? In the present, we use modal + infinitive: She must be at home now In the past, we use modal + have + past participle: | must have forgotten to lock the door We could have been hurt in the car accident We use must to talk about things we think are true: Sally has passed all her exams She must be very pleased We use can’t to talk about things we think are We use may, might and could to talk about things we think are probably true: is} i A: [stayed up all last night to finish this report B: Oh really? You (be) exhausted! may, might and could have very similar meanings In the past, couldn't and can’t have the same meaning: I don’t believe you James can’t/couldn’t have said that A: I haven’ seen Jane for a long time, you know B: I'm not sure, but I think she (go) on vacation A: Is this your suitcase? B: No, that (be) mine, My suitcase is black, not red Pom may call later It might rain this afternoon, He could be upstairs so she (go) to the beach, not true: You can’t be forty You look so young No, but she loves swimming, A: Noriko's English is much better this year than las year, B: Yes, I know She (have) lessons A: think Sue and Janice are sisters, you know B: They (be) sisters They don’t look like each other at all! ww They might arrive carly B: A; Frank is off work today B: I know I’m not sure, but I think he (be) sick A: Kevin's just bought a new car It’s a Jaguar, I think B: Wow! That (cost) him a lot of money b Circle the correct answers It’s the middle of the winter The ocean might/ must be very cold, Jenny is terrible at volleyball She can't / might be on the school team That could / can't be the man I saw He has the same h { She was in the hospital for a month, so she must/ might have been very sick Nobody is here I think everyone might go/ have gone home Challenge! ‘Take turns making deductions with a partner Frank is asleep He must be very tired (22 Grammar reference Unit 12 Simple present simple past passive and passive a Complete the sentences using the correct forms of these verbs in the passive We use the passive when the action is more important than | | who or what did the action: Hundreds of cell phones were stolen in the robbery 2W for (See page 118 for a list of irregular verbs.) rede: oe vã for over $1 million —— — this year _ by Alexander Graham by = in to from Is this coat made of leather? Japan Which office was the money stolen How much was the painting sold Where was the package delivered The song “Yesterday” The Beatles was sung ? : € Put the words in the correct order to make questions made / shoes / where / your / were Where were your shoes made? home / built / when/ your/ was material / is / made / what / bag / of/ your nN make ~ made take — taken all over the world these days © This rice was grown Ui Remember, regular participles end in -ed Many verbs have irregular participles: nufacture b Complete each sentence with the correct preposition, Nobody was injured in the accident To make a question in the passive, we use is/are or was/were + subject + past participle: Who was the movie directed by? Where were the jewels found? grow The painting Š TWO new factories_ The telephone Bell The thieves were caught running out of the bank English The results are published at the end of We make the simple past passive using subject + was/were + past participle: 5; sell We can use by to say who or what did the action: This jacket was designed by my brother We make the simple present passive with subject + is/are + past participle: The best pizza is made in Italy the year build — your / who / favorite / written / by / book / was bought / cell / where / your / from / was / phone high / you / were / what / at / educated / school Challenge! Work with a partner Ask and answer the questions in exercise c Grammar reference Pronunciation Unit Unit Used to Word stress a a 1.05 Listen and notice The pronunciation of used to and use to is the same: /‘jus tu/ 131 Listen and notice the stress on these three-syllable adjectives mn oe ee Min used to live in Hong Kong éxpen I used to play soccer every weekend Louise never used to eat chocolate They didn’t use to like each other in high school Did you use to watch Superman on TV? Didnt you se fo work in a restaurant? b | 1.05 Listen again and p practice b 1.9 Listen and notice the pronunciation of want /want/ and won't /wount/ 13 Listen and notice the stress in these sentences ° job! ` sed her driving test Simone left home last week b Intonation in questions rising intonation Wh- questions have falling 7, Do you agree? aA Do you think that flying is dangerous? aA Do you like skiing? What's your opinion? Where you think is a good place to live? x What you think of baseball? b — CÔ 1.21 Listen again and practice Pronunciation /woont/ won't go You want to stay You won't s We want to sleep We won't sleep 1.39 Listen again and practice ¢ 1.40 Listen and circle the word you hear | want / won't want / won't want / won't want / won't want / won't want / won't Unit 1.21 Listen and notice Yes/No questions have intonation /want/ I want to go b © 1.13 Listen again and practice Unit humorous Unit want/won't a just got married —& 1.31 Listen again and practice Sentence stress » just started a new outgoing — old-fashioned ee ee beautiful fashionable sensitive Unit ag ve Showing interest a 1.48 Listen and notice how the intonation helps to express interest in these replies A: If they offer me the job, I'll take it B: Will you? When does it stam? A: I've alwe aA ys wanted to go to India aA B: Have y ou? Why's that? A: I went to a football game yesterday A B: Really? be sàn] What was it like 1.48 Listen again and practice Pronunciation Unit Unit Intonation in question tags -ed endings a, a 2.05 Listen and notice the intonation in these sentences Your voice should go dowh on a question tag to ask for confirmation However, your voice 2.23 Listen and notice the pronunciation of the -ed endings in these adjectives /t/, /d/ should go ip on a question tag to ask a genuine question You're 23 years old, aren’t you? You're 23 years old, aren't you? b 2.05 Listen again and practice embarrassed depressed convinced impressed terrified surprised amused annoyed Ad/ fascinated b disappointed exhausted 2.23 Listen again and practice Unit 10 Linking 206 Listen to these sentences Which ones are - would you ? There's a ¿32 Listen and notice the pronunciation of would you /wudjo/ in these questions genuine questions? a party tonight, isn’t there? You've done your homework, haven't you? What would aSyou if you saw a ghost? They're good people, aren't they? If you were rich, where would `7you live? y Which famous person would you like to meet? You didn’t miss me, did you? We weren't wrong, were we? Unit Would you How like to go skydiving? would you celebrate if you won the lottery? Showing emotion b a Unit 11 Reduced forms - have 2.14 Listen and notice how emphasizing great shows enthusiasm, while not emphasizing the adjective shows the opposite A: I've just passed my English test! a B: Tha 's great! A: Oh no! It’ that’s wonderful that’s interesting that’s a great idea that’s ¿ zing that’s fantastic 2.41 Listen and notice the pronunciation of have /ov/ in these sentences I must have forgotten We could have been killed! 214 Listen again and practice ¢ | 215 Listen to these phrases Which ones show emotion? 2.33 Listen again and practice She can't have heard the news raining again B: That's great! b disgusted He couldn’t have said that You might have told me b 2.41 Listen again and practice Unit 12 Stress and rhythm a 249 Listen and notice the stress and rhythm in these sentences Some jeWelry was sfolen from the store ° ` It was hidden in a hole in the gr ound, tủ ° The thief wa caughtut a week later b | 2.49 Listen again and practice Pronunciation , TT Unit the chores go out with go to panic about spend some time on move away Unit graduate from your homework karate feel lonely move to feel sick get good grades go abroad save up settle down go on vacation have fun catch up clean up : boring " k shy feel “s.m Expansion expensive have long hair dress up lively end up ` fillup grow up make up set up a pet far from friends baseball computer games play music take over (two hours) sadness stupidity thoughtful weakness introverted irritable Expansion disagree messy modern moody neat old-fashioned dishonest dislike disorganized impatient impolite disapprove outgoing inconvenient sale be interested in ake foreve: forever take take a test ủ be really bad at doing selfish elf Expansion give up doing spacious Expansion get around keel keep on doing ke the train get advice be terrified of doing dream of doing sensitive imagine doing chaise get dark get a degree get an e-mail get home regret doing risk dying spend time doing get mad get older stop doing think about doing 8get on a train ỉ Expansion get a taxi be excellent at sa accuse someone of get a present Unit break up with decide to drop out fall in love WNT) change love x doing iss seeing Seeing: Thiss get better 4 (ask for small coins or bills) i Wordlist : & (become differend change (make different) change (make a different plan) change ‘ (put ' on different clothes) Unit impossible inconsiderate polluted Unit pretend to be sick responsibility in cramped easygoing go to the movies have live make play play peaceful convenient take up musical popularity considerate put on weighi oe kindness luxurious i incorrect incorrect independent inefficient informal unbelievable uncomfortable le a ite unfortunat unusua Unit nit after A5)ESO.45 before if unless wail be fed up with adventurous when be tired of difficulty your best be scared of dangerous be worried about emotional insist on honesty forgive someone for famous Expansion the dishes your homework the housework MT TT the ironing, someone a favor make make make make make make an appointment a decision a mistake money plans for the future a sandwich Unit adaptable adventurous ambitious inquisitive lively picturesque reckless tricky Expansion bill/bank note check/bill chips/crisps elevator/lift faucet/tap French fries/chips gas/petrol pants/trousers parking lot/car park sidewalk/pavement stoplights/traffic lights subway/underground Unit accidentally eventually finally gradually hopefully immediately luckily naturally occasionally suddenly unbelievably unfortunately Expansion call off get on look up pick up run out switch on turn off write down Unit lend Unit 12 owe waste Expansion come up with cut back on fall out with get by look up to put off Unit 11 be all ears be blue in the face be in the same boat st > eye to eye > red Expansion Expansion income tax junk food movie star soap Opera traffic jam travel agent Unit 10 afford borrow cost earn inherit be on top of the world cost an arm and a leg eat like a horse give someone a hand go back to square one let the cat out of the bag out of the blue Absence makes the heart grow fonder, Actions speak louder than words Beauty is only skin deep Better late than never Bettei fe than sorry Blood is thicker than water Don’t count your chickens before they hatch Every cloud has a silver lining Live and design direct discover grow invent manufacture produce amusing/amused disappointing/disappointed disgusting/disgusted embarrassing/embarrassed exhausting/exh: fascinating/fascinated frustrating/frustrated surprising/surprised terrifying/terrified air conditioning chat room credit card full moon build compose publish Expansion give give give grow advice help a present a beard grow flowers grow two centimeters keep a journal keep a secret keep trying lose a game lose money lose your temper miss a flight miss your friends an opportunity pay attention pay cash pay someone a visit take a break take a cab take an exam tell a joke tell a story tell the truth let live Look before you leap The best things in life are free The early bird catches the worm invest Wordlist | Infinitive Simple past Past participle Infinitive Simple past Past participle be was/were been become begun blown know leave knew left known left become begin blow break bring build buy became began blew broke brought built bought can could come drink drive came did drank drove choose eat fall feel find fly forget freeze get give go grow have hear hit keep chose broken brought built bought could chosen come done drunk driven eaten ate fell felt found flew forgot froze got fallen felt found flown forgotten frozen given gone went grew had heard hit kept lent lent lose lost made lost made mean meant meant let make meet put read run say see send sit sleep speak spend steal grown had heard hit kept let met put read ran said saw sent sat slept spoke spent stole swim met put read run said seen sent sat slept spoken spent stolen swam take teach tell think wear gotten gave lend let swum took taught told thought wore win taken taught told thought worn won write understand won wrote understood written understood Pronunciation guide ae that + time z #cbra d_ card J shine k g f Vv can dog staff vote thin h_ k W[_ & ‘measure hot lock chair ge press bag ea Pp b bg Consonants more snow Vowels and dipthongs i: bee u: boot ring small e # a: » bed bad father caught 3r eI ar a1 bird bay buy bey you A sing water jam Irregular verbs and pronunciation guide u bit cut book about 00 go au now This list of symbols based on the International Phonetic Alphabet is taken from he Macmillan Advanced Dictionary for Learners of American English