Các dạng của động từ
FORMS OF VERBS To- Infinitive Bare- Infinitive Gerund To- Infinitive or Gerund I/ To- Infinitive: 1. Đi sau các tính từ (Adj) hoặc phân từ hai ( VpII) : Eg: - I am curious to know the news. Adj to verb - It is very easy to learn English. Adj to verb - I am allowed to go out tonight. VpII to verb 2. Dùng trong cấu trúc “For somebody to do”: Eg. - It is very difficult for me to learn English well. - This coffee is warm enough for him to drink. 3. Đứng sau những từ để hỏi như : What, how, who, whom, which, when, where…. Eg. - I don’t know what to say. - She doesn’t know how to cook this food. - He doesn’t know where to turn. 4. Đứng sau những đại từ bất định như: - some (….) : somebody, someone, something, somewhere………… - no (… ): nobody, nothing, nowhere…… - any (….) : anyone, anything, anywhere… Eg. - I have nowhere to go out. - I give them something to eat. - I haven’t any clothes to wear. 5. Đóng vai trò ngụ ý chỉ mục đích hoặc kết quả “ ( để……………) Eg. – I saved money to buy a new car. ( Tôi tiết kiệm tiền để mua 1 chiếc ô tô mới mục đích của việc tiết kiệm tiền) - To live long, you should do the exercises regularly. ( Để sống lâu, bạn nên tập thể dục thường xuyên.) - I bought meat to eat. ( tôi mua thịt để ăn.) 6. Được theo sau bởi một số động từ: Agree, decide, afford, hope, pretend, refuse, threaten, want, promise, ask, tend, plan, intend, expect, arrange, offer, manage, learn, seem, appear, prepare, persuade, tobe allowed, would like, would love, would prefer, would hate, invite, tell sb to do, order, beg, fail, attempt, choose, hasten, need (ở câu chủ động), force…………………. II. Bare- Infinitive: 1. Được theo sau bởi một số động từ: Can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, have to, ought to, must, needn’t, let, make, used to, had better (‘d better), would rather (‘d rather) 2. Thể truyền khiến dạng chủ động động: have somebody do something ( có ai đó làm gì cho ) eg. - I have my mother wash my clothes. - She often has me make coffee. - He has his wife iron the clothes. III. Gerund: 1. Làm chủ ngữ trong câu. Eg: - Swimming is my favourite sport. - Sleeping is one of my hobbies. 2. Đứng sau giới từ: Eg. – I’m interested in watching films. - She is looking forward to meeting him. - We can’t live without eating and drinking. - I’m afraid of going out at night 3. Theo sau bởi một số động từ và cụm từ: Like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, detest, avoid, risk, can’t bear = can’t stand, waste/ spend time/ money, admit, finish, deny, delay = postpone, appreciate, consider, can’t help, forgive, keep, practice, imagine, miss, quit, give up, mind, tobe worth, feel like, suggest, go on (Ving or to verb ), begin/start (Ving or to verb) … - It’s no good/ no use: Vô ích, vô dụng - Have a good time: có thời gian vui vẻ - Have a trouble (in): gặp rắc rối - Have difficulty (in): Gặp khó khăn - Tobe/ get used to: quen dần. IV. To- Infinitive or Gerund: 1. Remember: a. Remember to do : chỉ hành động ở tương lai, chưa xảy ra ( Nhớ phải làm gì) Eg. - Please remember to return my book tomorrow. - Remember to turn off the light before going out. b. Remember Ving: Chỉ hành động đã xảy ra và bây giờ nhớ lại ( Nhớ là đã) Eg: - I remember putting my hat somewhere in this room. - I remember locking the door before going out. 2. Forget: a. Forget to do : Chỉ hành động ở tương lai, chưa xảy ra, ( quên rằng phải làm gì) Eg Don’t forget to wake me up. - Don’t forget to write letter to me. b. Forget Ving: Chỉ hành động đã xảy ra và bây giờ kể lại ( quên đã làm gì) Eg. - I forgot turning off the light before going out. - I forgot shutting the doors before going to the bed. 3. Regret: a. Regret to do: chỉ hành động ở tương lai, chưa xảy ra ( tiếc phải làm gì) Eg. - Sorry! I regret to tell you about the truth. - Sorry, I regret to refuse your invitation. b. Regret Ving: Chỉ hành động đã xảy ra và bây giờ kể lại ( tiếc là đã ) Eg. - I regret not meeting you sooner. - The scene is beautiful. I regret not bring the camera. 4. Try: a. Try to do: Cố gắng làm gì Eg I try to learn hard so that I can get high marks. - I try to go on a diet. b. Try Ving: Thử làm gì, thí nghiệm, thử nghiệm Eg. - I try wearing some shoes but none of them fit me. - He tried gardening and keeping pigs but he didn’t succedd. 5. Stop: a. Stop doing : Dừng làm gì, dừng hẳn việc ấy. Eg. You should stop smoking. b. Stop to do: Dừng lại để làm gì. Eg. He has worked since the morning, so he stops to take a short rest. c. Stop doing st to do st: Dừng việc đang làm để làm một việc khác. Eg. The baby woke up so she stopped writing a letter to pick him up. 6. Other verbs a. Allow Recommend Advise Permit Forbit Request Require Demand Eg: He doesn’t allow me to smoke in his room Sb to verb He doesn’t allow smoking in his room Ving b. see feel watch notice hear catch Eg. I saw the thief climb over your wall Climbing Verb-ing Sb + to verb Verb Ving . FORMS OF VERBS To- Infinitive Bare- Infinitive Gerund To- Infinitive or Gerund I/ To- Infinitive: 1 clothes. - She often has me make coffee. - He has his wife iron the clothes. III. Gerund: 1. Làm chủ ngữ trong câu. Eg: - Swimming is my favourite sport. - Sleeping is one of my hobbies. 2 afford, hope, pretend, refuse, threaten, want, promise, ask, tend, plan, intend, expect, arrange, offer, manage, learn, seem, appear, prepare, persuade, tobe allowed, would like, would love, would