Diversity of timber tree species on the campus of vietnam national university of forestry

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS Title DIVERSITY OF TIMBER TREE SPECIES IN CAMPUS OF VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY Major: Advanced Curriculum in Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources & Environmental Management Student: Tran Thi Phuong Thao Class: K60 - Natural Resources Management Student ID: 1553090502 Course: 2015 – 2019 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Van Sam Ha Noi, 2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, I wish to acknowledge to Vietnam National University of Forestry and the teachers for creating an opportunity to the thesis Special thanks my supervisor Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Van Sam for his advices and supervision i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ……………………………………………………… i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………… …… CHAPTER I OVERVIEW OF THESIS……………………………………… 1.1 Research on biodiversity in the world 1.2 Research on biodiversity in Vietnam 1.3 Research on biodiversity in Vietnam National University of Forestry CHAPTER II GOAL, OBJECTIVES, CONTENTS AND METHODOLOGY 2.1 Goal…………………………………………………………………… 2.2 Objectives……………………………………………………………….8 2.3 Contents - Scope ……………………………………………………… 2.4 Methodology……………………………………………………………8 2.4.1 Secondary data base………………………………………………… 2.4.2 Detail Investigation 2.4.3 Non - field investigate 11 CHAPTER III RESEARCH AREA………………………………………… 13 3.1 Natural condition…………………………………………… ……… 13 3.1.1 Geographical condition………………………………………… ….13 3.1.2 Topography condition………………………………………… … 13 3.2 Social-economic condition ……………………………………… 17 CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………18 4.1 The diversity of timber species on VNUF‟s campus………………….18 4.1.1 The diversity of indigenous timber species………………………….18 4.1.2 The variation in uses values…………………………………………20 4.2 The composition of rare trees and high values species……………… 23 4.3 The data of some important species in VNUF‟s campus …………… 25 4.4 Proposing some effective solutions, uses, and management of ii indigenous timbers in the research area……………………………………61 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………… 62 5.1 Conclusion …………………………………………………………… 62 5.2 Recommendation……………………………………………………….63 iii LIST OF TABLE Table 2.1: The list of transcect lines in study site table Table 2.2: The list of zones in study site table Table 2.3: Investigation by set zones 10 Table 2.4: The investigated table 11 Table 2.5 The additional indigenous tree species 12 Table 4.1 The 10 families rank first in total species number 18 Table 4.2 The families have only one species 19 Table 4.3 The value groups of trees 23 Table 4.4 The table of Threatened tree species in VNUF‟s 23 iv INTRODUCTION Vietnam, due to its high and globally significant biodiversity values is recognized as one of the nations where the conservation of biodiversity should be prioritized Vietnam became a signatory to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1994 Since then, the Government of Vietnam has taken a solid interest and made a substantial investment in both human and financial resources in order to implement its commitments and obligations under the Convention Biodiversity plays a very important role in the socio-economic and environmental development of Vietnam It also plays a vital role in the provision of biodiversity services (provisioning services, regulatory services, cultural services and support services) Through these services, biodiversity makes a significant contribution to the national economy, providing a basis for ensuring food security; maintaining genetic resources of animals and plants; and providing materials for construction, fuel and pharmaceutical resources The recent change in Vietnam‟s biodiversity is reflected in a variety of ways and aspects: although the area of Vietnam‟s forest cover has increased, much of this increase has been due to the planting of production forest; overall the habitat for wildlife is decreasing as a result of land conversion; overall the status of rare and endangered species is declining sharply; and both inland water and marine ecosystems are being degraded due to inappropriate exploitative activities Biodiversity in Vietnam is currently is facing many threats Pressure from the increasing human population combined with an increasing level of consumption is resulting in overexploitation of biodiversity resources Rapid socio-economic development has also changed the natural landscape Land conversion and infrastructure construction has significantly reduced the area of natural habitats, increased ecosystem fragmentation, and degraded the habitats of many species of wild plants and animals Natural resources, especially biological resources, are undergoing overexploitation and timber, non-timber and aquatic products are particularly vulnerable In addition, alien species, environment pollution and climate change are all directly impacting on the biodiversity of Vietnam In addition, the level of effort to manage the biodiversity resources of Vietnam is still insufficient The system of state management agencies responsible for biodiversity remains fragmented and weak - laws and regulations to protect biodiversity are still unsystematic and lacking in policy conformity; community involvement is yet to be adequately mobilized; planning for national, regional and provincial biodiversity conservation has not been implemented in a systematic manner; and investment in biodiversity conservation and development remains highly limited Vietnam National University of Forestry is a famous university which becomes a leading and highly prestigious university in Vietnam with diversified training and education activities in the following sectors: Forestry, Forest Resources Management, Environment, Forestry Industry, Rural Development, and others Over the years, more than 4,000 masters, 100 doctors, over 45,000 undergraduate students, and 500 trainees with intermediate and primary level have graduated from this university They have been contributing important roles to the development of the forestry sector and national economic development; many of them are holding the key positions of the country (from central to local government) Since established up to now, there is much scientific research conducted in this university such as soil composition, forest ecology, plants… and so on However, there are few detailed studies on tree species in this area Because of these reasons, I decided to conduct the thesis: “Diversity of Timber tree species on the campus of Vietnam National University of Forestry CHAPTER I OVERVIEW OF THESIS 1.1 Research on biodiversity in the world The studies on plants have a long history but serious studies were born in the middle of XIX and XX centuries They are The flora of Hong Kong (1861), The flora of Australia (1866), The flora of Northwest and central forests of India (1874), The flora of India with sections (1872 – 1897), The flora of Myanmar (1877), The flora of Malaysia (1892 – 1925), The flora of Hainan (1972 – 1977), The flora of Yunnan (1977) From 1907 – 1952, H Lecomte published “The flora of Indo – China” In this book, the author collected specimens, named, described vascular plant species in the whole area of Viet Nam – Laos – Cambodia In Russia, from 1928 – 1932 was the early period for plants researching Tolmachop A.I‟s opinion “The investigation has just to conduct on large enough area to ensure the abundance of life respective to the homogenous conditions of terrain“ This is a Flora in a determined area as he said Tolmachop estimated that there are approximately 1500 - 2000 plants in a Flora located in a tropical area with high moisture *Create a database for biodiversity data in the world Biodiversity centers in the world play an important role in storing specimens, promote training activities, scientific research and international cooperation in biodiversity conservation Chinese Biodiversity Information System (CBIS) has a system of various types: plant, mammals, aquatic organisms, microorganisms and marine organisms It‟s a database on specimens, botanic garden, seed bank, gene bank The development in information allows biodiversity center‟s websites searching on the information of organisms: scientific name, vernacular name, etc National museum of nature in Indonesia or known as Cibinong – The largest museum on nature in Southeast Asia with more than 7.5 million specimens, of which million are plants, 2,7 million animals, and 2,8 million insects Museum of creatures in Malaysia storing more than 300,000 plant specimens and total species described belongs to Malaysian plants up to 15,000 1.2 Research on biodiversity in Vietnam Viet Nam is an S-shaped strip of land, stretching from 23°23‟ to 8°27‟ North latitude The country‟s total length is 1,650 km from the northernmost point to the southernmost point Its width, from the Eastern coast to the Western border, is about 500 km at the widest part and about 50 km at the narrowest part The big difference in climate and terrain between regions creates diversity in the natural environment and biodiversity These ecosystems are diverse: from the evergreen rainforest in the northern subtropical to tropical dipterocarp forests in the south, mangroves and water ecosystems, coastal bend It is statistical that there are nearly 13,000 plants Many groups have high endemism, many endemic species of scientific value and greater practicality There are many scientific studies in Viet Nam on flora: The “The flora of Indo-china”, includes main sections and an additional section, published from 1907 to 1952 by France botanist H Lecomte The author recognized and described 7,004 vascular species in Vietnam – Laos – Cambodia area Base on this ctaegorization, Thai Van Trung (1978) in his book “The forest vegetations of Viet Nam” recogized 7,004 vascular species belongs to 1,850 Genus, 289 families The author also emphasizes the dominance of Anginosperm in Vietnam‟s forest plant species with more than 6,336 species (90,99%), belong to 1,727 Genus (93,4%) and 239 Families (82,7%) In 1965, Pooc Tamas recognized 5190 species in the North of Viet Nam, in 1969 Phan Ke Loc recognized and add more species up to 5,609 species in 1,660 genus At that time in the South of Viet Nam, the book “The flora of Viet Nam, in the south of the 17th parallel” by Pham Hoang Ho published with sections described 5,326 plant species inhabit in the south of Viet Nam From 1991 – 1993, The book “An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam” with sections by Pham Hoang Ho described 10,419 vascular plant species in Viet Nam After correcting and editing in 1999 -2000, this book described total species up to 11,611 belonging to 3,179 genus, 295 families, and phylas Beside the researches with a scale on the whole of country or North, South of Vietnam, we can list the research only scale on the regional flora such as the flora of highland recognized 3,754 vascular plant species by Nguyen Tien Ban, Tan Dinh Dai and Phan Ke Loc (1984) The list of plants in Phu Quoc by Pham Hoang Ho (1985), The flora in Sapa – Fansipan mountainous area by Nguyen Nghia Thin and Nguyen Thi Thoi (1998) introduced 2024 vascular plant species belong to 771 genus, 200 families, and phylas The botanical surveys mostly completed in Cuc Phuong National Park – the first National Park of Viet Nam The surveys started in 1971 and ended in 1997 with lists of plants are published The represented researches are - Nguyen Thin et al research on biodiversity of Cuc Phuong NP: diversity on ecosystems, plant genetic-sources, life forms Besides, the book “Manual on biodiversity research” published 1997 contribute a formation into biodiversity research in different geographic area in Viet Nam - The author Nguen Ba Thu in his thesis “Research on plant biodiversity in Cuc Phuong National Park” recognized 1944 vascular plant species belonging to 911 genus, 219 families This contributes 270 plant species into Cuc Phuong‟s plants (compared to Cuc Phuong‟s plant list in 1971) - In 2004, the study “Seed Plants of Cuc Phuong National Park – A Documented Checklist” by Botanists in United States, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources and Cuc Phuong National Park from the project Plant biodiversity research in Viet Nam and Laos (belong to International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups – ICBG) published 1,926 plant species CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion From the obtained results after studying about timber tree species in Vietnam National University of Forestry‟s campus, this research draws some following conclusions: The statistics showed that 107 species of vascular plants belong to 88 genus, 38 families of phylums Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta in the study area Magnoliophyta has 33 families (86.84%), 80 genus (90.91%), 97 species (90.65%) Pinophyta has families (13.16%), genus (9.1%), 10 species (9.35 %) 232 times of special values were listed respectively of this 107 species: Wood (W) - 107 species (100%), Ornament (Or) – 62 species (57.94%), Medicine (M) – 15 species (14.02%), Food (F) – 21 species (19.63%), Oil (O) – 11 species (10.28%), Resin (R) – species (8.41%) There were 13 species that listed of the Vietnam Red Book, IUCN 2019 and the Decree No 32/2006 / ND-CP of March 30, 2006 of the Government: Bách xanh (Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz), Cẩm lai vú (Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain), Gù hương (Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte), Lát hoa (Chukrasia tabularis A Juss), Lim xanh (Erythrophleum fordii Oliv.), Pơ mu (Chukrasia tabularis A Juss.), Trầm (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte), etc… Establiment data base of 15 species in the campus with all information of Morphological characteristics, distribution, ecology and habitat, use and conservation value, distribution map in VNUF campus, pictures and situation in VNUFỗampus 62 Proposing some effective solutions, uses and management of indigenous timbers in the research area 5.2 Recommendation  This study still has some existing problems, such as limited documents, specimens about the flora of the study area, unstable weather leads to decreased quality of photos of specimens  To overcome shortcomings and achieve better results, further study should emphasize more time to collect more documents about the existing projects, articles in the study area In addition, there is a need to make a plan in advance to take photos in the best quality 63 Appendix The list of Indigenous wood tree species on VNUF’s Campus W wood, O ornament, F food, R resin, Fi fibrous, Oi essential oil, M medicine No Scientific name PINOPHYTA Pinaceae Vercular name Size Thông caribe Big tree Pinus massoniana Lamb Thông đuôi ngựa Big tree Cupressaceae 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value Họ Thông Pinus caribea Morelet Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon VNRD NGÀNH THƠNG IUCN Thơng ba W W, R, Fi, M W, R, Big tree Fi, M Họ Hoàng đàn Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz Bách xanh Medium tree Cupressus torulosa D.Don Hoàng đàn Medium tree Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Pơ mu Medium tree IIA W, R W, R, Oi, M W, R No Scientific name Vercular name Size A.Henry & H.H.Thomas Sabina chinensis (L.) Antoine Podocarpaceae Nageia fleuryi Hickel Taxodiaceae Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich Araucariaceae 10 MAGNOLIOPHYTA Altingiaceae VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value Oi, O Tùng tháp Medium tree W, R, O Họ Kim giao Kim giao Medium tree W, O Big tree W Big tree W, O Họ Bụt mọc Bụt mọc Bách tán Araucaria columnaris (G.Forst.) Hook IUCN Bách tán NGÀNH NGỌC LAN Họ Tô hạp 11 Altingia siamensis Craib Tô hạp điện biên Big tree W 12 Liquidambar formosana Hance Sau sau Big tree W, R, No Scientific name Vercular name Size IUCN VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value M, F Anacardiaceae 13 14 Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.)Burtt & Hill Dracontomelum duperreanum Pierre Họ Xoài W, F, Xoan nhừ Medium tree Sấu Big tree W, F, O M 15 Mangifera indica L Xoài Medium tree W, F, O 16 Spondias lakoensis Pierre Dâu da xoan Medium tree W, F, O Small tree W, O Annonaceae 17 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites Apocynaceae Họ Na Nhọc, Bút tháp Họ Trúc đào 18 Plumeria rubra Bailey Đại Medium tree 19 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R Br Sữa Medium tree W, O, M W, O, M No 20 Scientific name Wrightia laevis Hook F 22 23 24 25 VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value Quao xanh Big tree W Rà đẹt lửa Big tree W Spathodea campanulata P Beauv Sò da cam Big tree W, M Đinh đũa Big tree W, O Phong linh Medium tree W, O Kèn hồng Medium tree W, O Small tree W, O Radermachera ignea (Kurz) Steenis Stereospermum colais (Dillw) Mabberl Tabebuia argentea (Bureau & K Schum.) Britton 26 Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC 27 Tecoma stans (L.) Juss ex Kunth 11 Bombacaceae 28 IUCN W, O Dolichandrone serrulata Seem Ceiba pentandra Gaertn Thừng mực mỡ Size Medium tree 10 Bignoniaceae 21 Vercular name Họ Đinh Huỳnh liên (chuông vàng) Họ Bông gạo Bơng gịn Medium tree W, Fi, Oi, M, No Scientific name Vercular name Size IUCN VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value O 29 Gossampinus malabarica Merr 12 Bixaceae Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) 30 Alston 13 Caesalpiniaceae Gạo W, Fi, Big tree Oi, M Họ Điều nhuộm Mai hoa đăng (Mai hà lan) Small tree O Họ Vang 31 Afzeliaxylo carpa (Kurz) Craib Gõ đỏ Big tree 32 Bauhinia championii Benth Móng bò Medium tree 33 Bauhinia variegata L Ban trắng Medium tree 34 Caesalpinia sappan L Tô mộc Small tree W 35 Cassia fistula L Muồng hoàng yến Medium tree W, O 36 Cassia javanica L Muồng hoa đào Medium tree W, O 37 Cassia grandis L.F Ơ mơi Medium tree W, O EN IIA W, O W W, F, M, O No Scientific name Vercular name Muồng đen Size IUCN VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value 38 Cassia siamea Lam 39 Cassia splendida Vogel 40 Erythrophleum fordii Oliv Lim xanh Big tree 41 Lysidice rhodostegia Hance Mý Medium tree W Hoàng linh Big tree W 42 Peltophorum dasyrrhachis (Miquel) Kurz Muồng hoa vàng (Điệp vàng) Medium tree W, O Medium tree W, O IIA W 43 Peltophorum tonkinensis Pierre Lim xẹt bắc Medium tree W 44 Saraca dives Pierre Vàng anh Medium tree W, F, O 14 Combretaceae Họ Bàng 45 Combretum catappa L Bàng Big tree W, F, O 46 Terminalia alata Roxb Chiêu liêu Medium tree W 47 Terminalia mantaly H Perrier Bàng đài loan Medium tree W, O 48 15 Dipterocarpaceae Họ Dầu Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb Dầu rái Big tree VU W, R, O No Scientific name Vercular name Size IUCN VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value 49 Hopea odorata Roxb Sao đen Big tree W, O 50 Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie Chò Big tree W, O Big tree W 16 Elaeocarpaceae 51 Elaeocarpus dubius Aug DC 17 Euphorbiaceae Họ Côm Côm tầng Họ Thầu dầu 52 Antides mamontanum Blume Chòi mòi núi Small tree W 53 Bischofia javanica Blume Nhội Big tree W, F, O 54 Baccaurea ramiflora Lour Dâu da đất Small tree W Sịi tía Small tree W 55 Sapium dicolor (Champ) MuellArg 56 Phyllanthus emblica L Me rừng Small tree W 57 Vernicia montana Lour Trẩu ta Small tree W, Oi 18 Fabaceae 58 59 Dalbergia balansae Prain Họ đậu Trắc vàng (Trắc cảnh) Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain Sưa bắc Medium tree VU Medium tree EN W, O IIA W, O No 60 Scientific name Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain Vercular name Size Cẩm lai Medium tree IUCN VNRD 2019 2007 EN Decree 06 IIA Value W, O 61 Erythrina fusca Lour Osaka đỏ Small tree W, O 62 Millettia ichthyochtona Drake Thàn mát Small tree W 63 Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurs Dáng hương to Big tree 19 Fagaceae 64 Quercus platycalyx Hickel & A Camus EN IIA Họ dẻ Dẻ cau Small tree Sồi xanh Big tree W, O, F Lithocarpus 65 pseudosundaica (Hicket et W, O , F A.Camus) CAmus 20 Lauraceae 66 67 Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte Cinnamomum iners Reinw ex Blume W, R Họ Long não Vù hương Medium tree Re hương Medium tree VU IIA W, O, Oi W, Oi No Scientific name Vercular name Size IUCN VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value 68 Cryptocarya lenticellata Lecomte Nanh chuột Medium tree W, O 69 Litsea cubeba (Lour)Perch Màng tang Small tree W, Oi Sụ thon Small tree W Medium tree W, O 70 Phoebe lanceolata (Wall ex Nees) Nees 21 Lecythidaceae 71 Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn 22 Lythraceae Họ lộc vừng Lộc vừng Họ Sang lẻ 72 Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz Bằng lăng Small tree W, O 73 Lagerstroemia balansae Koehne Tường vi Small tree W, O 23 Magnoliaceae Họ Ngọc lan 74 Michelia alba DC Ngọc lan trắng Medium tree 75 Manglietia conifera Dandy Mỡ Medium tree 24 Meliaceae Họ Xoan W, O, Oi W, M, O No Scientific name Vercular name Size IUCN VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value W, O, 76 Aphanamixis grandiflora Blume Gội trắng Big tree 77 Chisoche tonchinensis Merr Quếch Medium tree 78 Chukrasia tabularis A Juss Lát hoa Big tree 79 Melia azedarach L Xoan ta Medium tree W 80 Swietenia macrophylla King Dái ngựa Medium tree W 81 Cedrela odorata L Lát mehico Big tree W 25 Moraceae Oi W, O VU W, O Họ Dâu tằm W, O, 82 Broussonetia papyrifera Vent Dướng Small tree 83 Ficus benjamina L Si Big tree W 84 Ficus curtipes Corner Đa Big tree W 85 Ficus racemosa L Sung Medium tree W, F, O 86 Ficus retusa L Sanh Medium tree W, O 87 Sterblus taxoides Lour Ruối Small tree W 88 Ficus elastica Roxb ex Hornem Đa búp đỏ Big tree W, O Oi, Fi No Scientific name Vercular name Size IUCN VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value 89 Ficus drupacea Thunb Đa lông Big tree W, O 90 Ficus religosa L Bồ đề Big tree W, O Small tree W, F, O Medium tree W, F, O Medium tree W, Fi 26 Muntingiaceae 91 Muntingia calabura L 27 Myrtaceae Họ Trứng cá Trứng cá Họ Sim Ổi 92 Psidium guajava L 93 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh Bạch đàn trắng 28 Rosaceae 94 Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl 29 Rubiaceae 95 Anthocephalus indicus A.Rich 30 Rhizophoraceae 96 Carallia lucida Roxb 31 Rutaceae 97 Acronychia pedunculata Miq Họ Hoa hồng Tỳ bà Small tree W, F, O, M Họ Cà phê Gáo bi Big tree W, O Small tree W Small tree W, F, Họ Đước Trúc tiết Họ Cam Bưởi bung No Scientific name Vercular name Size IUCN VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value M 98 Evodia bodinieri Dode 32 Sapindaceae Thôi chanh trắng Medium tree W Họ Bồ 99 Dimocarpus longan Lour Nhãn Big tree W, F, O 100 Litchi chinensis Sonn Vải Big tree W, F, O Medium tree W, F Big tree W, M Medium tree W, F 33 Sapotaceae 101 Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz &Pav.) Kuntze 34 Simarubaceae 102 Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston 35 Sterculiaceae 103 Sterculia lanceolata Cav 36 Thymelaeaceae 104 Aquilaria crassna Perre Họ Sến Trứng gà Họ Thanh thất Thanh thất Họ Trơm Sảng nhung Họ Dó Trầm hương Medium tree EN W, Fi, M, Oi No Scientific name 37 Verbenaceae Vercular name Size IUCN VNRD 2019 2007 Decree 06 Value Họ Tếch 105 Techtona grandis L.f Tếch Big trees W, O 106 Vitex trifolia L Đẻn ba Small tree W, O Small tree W, O 38 Ochnaceae 107 Ochna integerrima (Lour.) Merr Họ Mai Mai vàng