wesley e. snyder, hairong qi - machine vision

[...]... number, say 360, of x-ray projections through the subject From this set of onedimensional signals, we can compute the actual x-ray absorption at each point in the two-dimensional image Similar methods are used in positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imagery (MRI), and in several shape-from-X algorithms which we will discuss later in this course 1.3.2 Machine vision Machine vision is the... algorithms, which helps machines to recognize images – they fuse information from local measurements to make global conclusions about the image Optimization is the mathematical mechanism used in virtually every chapter to accomplish the objectives of that chapter, be they pattern classification or image matching 1 Ja-Chen Lin and Wen-Hsiang Tsai, “Feature-preserving Clustering of 2-D Data for Two-class Problems... customer) machine vision project will require the development engineer to go to the published journal and conference literature As stated above, the two recurrent themes throughout this book are consistency and optimization The concept of consistency occurs throughout the discipline as a principal philosophical construct for solving machine vision problems When confronted with a machine vision application,... or advanced-undergraduate background including linear algebra and advanced calculus The student who successfully completes this course can design a wide variety of industrial, medical, and military machine vision systems Software and data used in the book can be found at www.cambridge.org/ 9780521830461 The software will run on PCs running Windows or Linux, Macintosh computers running OS-X, and SUN... Machine vision is the process whereby a machine, usually a digital computer, automatically processes an image and reports “what is in the image.” That is, it recognizes the content of the image Often the content may be a machined part, and the objective is not only to locate the part, but to inspect it as well We will in this book discuss several applications of machine vision in detail, such as automatic... other applications, such as determining the flow equations from observations of fluid flow [1.1], which time and space do not allow us to cover The terms “computer vision and “image understanding” are often also used to denote machine vision Machine vision includes two components – measurement of features and pattern classification based on those features Measurement of features The measurement of features... m If that vector y could have been produced by applying A to one and only one vector in d , then A is said to be “one-to-one.” Now suppose that there are no vectors in m that can not be produced by applying A to some vector in d In that case, A is said to be “onto.” If A is one-to-one and onto, then A−1 exists Two matrices A and B are “conformable” if the matrix multiplication C = AB makes sense... computer and to convert to and from “standard” image formats such as JPEG Although it can be used in a variety of ways, we designed the book primarily as a graduate textbook in machine vision, and as a reference in machine vision If used as a text, the students would be expected to read the basic topics section of each chapter used in the course (there is more material in this book than can be covered... in the definition of pattern classification However, the definition is extended to include the process of making the measurements 1.4 Organization of a machine vision system Fig 1.1 shows schematically, at the most basic level, the organization of a machine vision system The unknown is first measured and the values of a number of features are determined In an industrial application, such features might include... Feature vector Raw data Class identity Feature Pattern measurement classifier Fig 1.1 Organization of a machine vision system 6 Introduction Shape Consistency Features Matching analysis Noise removal analysis Segmentation Raw data Fig 1.2 Some components of a feature characterization system Many machine vision applications do not use every block, and information often flows in other ways For example, it . “Topics” section which includes extensive references to the current literature and can be used as a reference. The text is directed toward grad- uate students and advanced undergraduates in electrical. of Tennessee,Knoxville. MACHINE VISION Wesley E. Snyder North Carolina State University, Raleigh Hairong Qi University of Tennessee, Knoxville    Cambridge, New York, Melbourne,. aimed at graduate students in electrical engineering, computer science, and mathematics. It will also be a useful reference for practitioners. we s le ye . s ny de r received his Ph.D. from the