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Search GetPedia Google Search Search GetPedia c01_betsy.qxd 5/11/05 2:22 PM Page 22 MICROBIOLOGY DEMYSTIFIED 00 Betsy FM 5/11/05 2:20 PM Page i Demystified Series Advanced Statistics Demystified Algebra Demystified Anatomy Demystified Astronomy Demystified Biology Demystified Biotechnology Demystified Business Statistics Demystified Calculus Demystified Chemistry Demystified College Algebra Demystified Differential Equations Demystified Digital Electronics Demystified Earth Science Demystified Electricity Demystified Electronics Demystified Environmental Science Demystified Everyday Math Demystified Geometry Demystified Math Proofs Demystified Math Word Problems Demystified Microbiology Demystified Physics Demystified Physiology Demystified Pre-Algebra Demystified Precalculus Demystified Probability Demystified Project Management Demystified Quantum Mechanics Demystified Relativity Demystified Robotics Demystified Statistics Demystified Trigonometry Demystified 00 Betsy FM 5/11/05 2:20 PM Page ii MICROBIOLOGY DEMYSTIFIED TOM BETSY, D.C. JIM KEOGH McGRAW-HILL New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto 00 Betsy FM 5/11/05 2:20 PM Page iii c01_betsy.qxd 5/11/05 2:22 PM Page 22 Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-147134-0 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-144650-8. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. 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Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting there from. McGraw- Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: 10.1036/0071446508 c01_betsy.qxd 5/11/05 2:22 PM Page 22 Want to learn more? We hope you enjoy this McGraw-Hill eBook! If you’d like more information about this book, its author, or related books and websites, please click here. I would like to dedicate this book to my wife, Shelley, and my two babies, Juliana and Thomas, for their encouragment during the writing of this book and the continued joy they bring to my life. Dr. Tom Betsy This book is dedicated to Anne, Sandy, Joanne, Amber-Leigh Christine, and Graaf, without whose help and support this book could not have been written. Jim Keogh 00 Betsy FM 5/11/05 2:20 PM Page v Introduction xiii Acknowledgments xix CHAPTER 1 The World of the Microorganism 1 Types of Microorganisms 2 What Is a Microorganism? 4 What’s in a Name: Naming and Classifying 5 How Small Is a Microorganism? 7 Your Body Fights Back 7 History of the Microscope 9 How Do Organisms Appear? 10 Germ Theory 12 Vaccination 15 Killing the Microorganism 16 Quiz 19 CHAPTER 2 The Chemical Elements of Microorganisms 23 Everything Matters 24 Chemical Elements and the Atom 24 A Dinner Table of Elements: The Periodic Table 27 The Glowing Tale of Isotopes 27 Around They Go: Electronic Configuration 29 Before James There Was Bond Chemical Bond 29 Decoding Chemical Shorthand 31 vii CONTENTS 00 Betsy FM 5/11/05 2:20 PM Page vii For more information about this title, click here I Just Want to See Your Reaction 31 Molarity: Hey, There’s a Mole Amongst Us 36 An Unlikely Pair: Inorganic and Organic 37 The Blueprint of Protein Synthesis 42 The Power House: ATP 44 Quiz 44 CHAPTER 3 Observing Microorganisms 47 Size Is a Matter of Metrics 47 Here’s Looking at You 51 What Big Eyes You Have: Magnification 52 The Microscope 54 Preparing Specimens 60 Quiz 64 CHAPTER 4 Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells 67 Prokaryotic Cells 68 Eukaryotic Cells 78 Quiz 83 CHAPTER 5 The Chemical Metabolism 87 Riding the Metabolism Cycle 87 Catabolic and Anabolic: The Only Reactions You Need 88 A Little Give and Take: Oxidation-Reduction 88 Making Power: ATP Production 89 What’s Your Name: Naming and Classifying Enzymes 89 Brewing Up Protein 90 The Magic of Enzymes: Enzyme Activities 90 The Krebs Cycle 94 Fermentation 97 Other Catabolic Pathways 97 Photosynthesis 98 Quiz 100 CONTENTS viii 00 Betsy FM 5/11/05 2:20 PM Page viii [...]... technical editor on this project His diligence and attention to detail has made Microbiology Demystified a rewarding addition to every microbiology student’s library JIM KEOGH xix Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Click here for terms of use MICROBIOLOGY DEMYSTIFIED CHAPTER 1 The World of the Microorganism Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are tiny organisms that live... to the science of microbiology with a look back in time to a period when little was known about microbes except that some of them could kill people You’ll also learn about the critical accomplishments made in microbiology that enable scientists to understand and develop cures for disease INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF MICROORGANISMS Chemistry is a major factor in microbiology because... learn about the different types of microbes, how to identify them by using a microscope, and how to cultivate colonies of microbes A Look Inside Microbiology can be challenging to learn unless you follow the step-by-step approach that is used in Microbiology Demystified Topics are presented in an order in which many students like to learn them—starting with basic components and then gradually moving... scientists focused their experiments on ways to slow that growth and stop microbes in their tracks—killing the microbe and curing the disease caused by the microbe Culturing microbes is central to the study of microbiology You’ll be using many of the same culturing techniques described in this book to colonize microbes in your college laboratory We provide step-by-step instructions on how to do this xiii xiii... microbes by breaking them down into their chemical elements and then disposing of those elements Before you can understand how this process works, you must be familiar with the chemical principles related to microbiology You’ll learn about these chemical principles in this chapter CHAPTER 3: OBSERVING MICROORGANISMS “Wash the germs from your hands!” That was the cry of every mom who knew that hand washing... microscope We’ve come a long way since Van Leeuwenhoek’s first visit Today scientists are able to see through some microbes and study the organelles that bring them to life It wasn’t until the Golden Age of Microbiology between 1857 and 1914 when scientists such as Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch made a series of discoveries that rocked the scientific community During this period scientists identified microbes... vitamins such as vitamin B and vitamin K They help by breaking down large molecules into smaller ones 3 4 CHAPTER 1 The World of the Microorganism What Is a Microorganism? Microorganisms are the subject of microbiology, which is the branch of science that studies microorganisms A microorganism can be one cell or a cluster of cells that can be seen only by using a microscope Microorganisms are organized into . Demystified Microbiology Demystified Physics Demystified Physiology Demystified Pre-Algebra Demystified Precalculus Demystified Probability Demystified Project Management Demystified Quantum Mechanics Demystified Relativity. Science Demystified Electricity Demystified Electronics Demystified Environmental Science Demystified Everyday Math Demystified Geometry Demystified Math Proofs Demystified Math Word Problems Demystified Microbiology. Page 22 MICROBIOLOGY DEMYSTIFIED 00 Betsy FM 5/11/05 2:20 PM Page i Demystified Series Advanced Statistics Demystified Algebra Demystified Anatomy Demystified Astronomy Demystified Biology Demystified Biotechnology