molecular building blocks for nanotechnology, 2007, p.437

P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 19, 2007 8:14 Topics in Applied Physics Volume 109 i P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 28, 2007 17:33 Topics in Applied Physics Topics in Applied Physics is a well-established series of review books, each of which presents a comprehensive survey of a selected topic within the broad area of applied physics. Edited and written by leading research scientists in the field concerned, each volume contains review contributions covering the various aspects of the topic. Together these provide an overview of the state of the art in the respective field, extending from an introduction to the subject right up to the frontiers of contemporary research. Topics in Applied Physics is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to obtain an overview and to keep abreast of advances in applied physics. The series also provides easy but comprehensive access to the fields for newcomers starting research. ii P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 14, 2007 18:27 Molecular Building Blocks for Nanotechnology From Diamondoids to Nanoscale Materials and Applications Edited by G. Ali Mansoori University of Illinois at Chicago Thomas F. George University of Missouri–St. Louis Lahsen Assoufid Argonne National Laboratory Guoping Zhang Indiana State University iii P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 14, 2007 18:27 G. Ali Mansoori University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60607 USA mansoori@uic.edu Thomas F. George University of Missouri–St. Louis St. Louis, MO 63121 USA tfgeorge@umsl.edu Lahsen Assoufid Argonne National Lab Argonne, IL 60439 USA assoufid@aps.anl.gov Guoping Zhang Indiana State University Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA gpzhang@indstate.edu Library of Congress Control Number: 2006939793 Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS): 61.46 w; 61.46.Fg; 62.50.+p; 71.15 m; 72.80.Tm; 81.07.De, 81/15.GH ISBN-10: 0-387-39937-2 e-ISBN-10: 0-387-39938-0 ISBN-13: 978-0-387-39937-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-39938-6 Printed on acid-free paper. C  2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. 987654321 springer.com iv P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 14, 2007 18:27 Preface Molecular Building Blocks for Nanotechnology: From Diamondoids to Nanoscale Materials and Applications is a result of the research and educational activities of a group of outstanding scientists worldwide who have authored the chapters of this book dealing with the behavior of nanoscale building blocks. It contains a variety of subjects covering computational, dry and wet nanotechnology. The state-of-the-art subject matters are presented in this book which can provide the reader with the latest developments on the ongoing bottom-up nanoscience and nanotechnology research. The editors would like to thank all the chapter authors whose scholarly con- tributions have made publication of this book possible. We would like to thank Springer for agreeing to publish this book as part of its Topics in Applied Physics Series. We also acknowledge the support of the U.S. Army Research Office under contract W911NF-04-1-0383. G. Ali Mansoori Thomas F. George Guoping Zhang Lahsen Assoufid 2007 v P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 14, 2007 18:27 Contents Preface v List of Contributors ix Introduction 1 1. Thermodynamic Properties of Diamondoids 7 G. R. Vakili-Nezhaad 2. Development of Composite Materials Based on Improved Nanodiamonds 29 P. Y. Detkov, V. A. Popov, V. G. Kulichikhin, and S. I. Chukhaeva 3. Diamondoids as Molecular Building Blocks for Nanotechnology 44 Hamid Ramezani and G. Ali Mansoori 4. Surface Modification and Application of Functionalized Polymer Nanofibers 72 Renuga Gopal, Ma Zuwei, Satinderpal Kaur, and Seeram Ramakrishna 5. Zinc Oxide Nanorod Arrays: Properties and Hydrothermal Synthesis 92 Kian Ping Loh and Soo Jin Chua 6. Nanoparticles, Nanorods, and Other Nanostructures Assembled on Inert Substrates 118 Xue-Sen Wang 7. Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 154 Mohamed. A. Osman, Aron W. Cummings, and Deepak Srivastava vii P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 14, 2007 18:27 viii Contents 8. Chemical Vapor Deposition of Organized Architectures of Carbon Nanotubes for Applications 188 Robert Vajtai, Binqing Wei, Thomas F. George, and Pulickel M. Ajayan 9. Online Size Characterization of Nanofibers and Nanotubes 212 C. J. Unrau, R. L. Axelbaum, P. Biswas, and P. Fraundorf 10. Theoretical Investigations in Retinal and Cubane 246 G. P. Zhang and Thomas F. George 11. Polyhedral Heteroborane Clusters for Nanotechnology 256 Fabio Pichierri 12. Squeezing Germanium Nanostructures 275 K. L. Teo and Z. X. Shen 13. Nanoengineered Biomimetic Bone-Building Blocks 301 R. Murugan and S. Ramakrishna 14. Use of Nanoparticles as Building Blocks for Bioapplications 353 Yong Zhang and Feng Wang 15. Polymer Nanofibers for Biosensor Applications 377 S. Ramakrishna, Neeta L. Lala, Hota Garudadhwaj, Ramakrishnan Ramaseshan, and V. K. Ganesh 16. High-Pressure Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructured Superhard Materials 393 V.D. Blank, S.G. Buga, G.A. Dubitsky, K.V. Gogolinsky, V.M. Prokhorov, N.R. Serebryanaya, and V.A. Popov Index 419 P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 14, 2007 18:27 List of Contributors Pulickel M. Ajayan Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY, USA. R. L. Axelbaum Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Materials Innovation Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA. P. Biswas Environmental Engineering Science Program Department of Chemical Engineering Center for Materials Innovation Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA. V. D. Blank Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russia. S. G. Buga Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russia. Soo Jin Chua Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore. S. I. Chukhaeva Russian Federal Nuclear Center Zababakhin All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia. Aron W. Cummings Department of Electrical Engineering Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA. P. Ya. Detkov Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Zababakhin All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia. G. A. Dubitsky Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russia. ix P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 14, 2007 18:27 x List of Contributors P. Fraundorf Department of Physics & Astronomy Center for Molecular Electronics University of Missouri-St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA. V. K. Ganesh Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore Singapore. Hota Garudadhwaj Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore. Thomas F. George Office of the Chancellor and Center for Molecular Electronics Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Physics & Astronomy University of Missouri-St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA. K. V. Gogolinsky Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russia. Renuga Gopal Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative National University of Singapore Singapore. Satinderpal Kaur Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative National University of Singapore Singapore. V. G. Kulichikhin Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia. Neeta L. Lala Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative National University of Singapore Singapore. Kian Ping Loh Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore Singapore. G. Ali Mansoori Departments of Bio & Chemical Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA. R. Murugan National University of Singapore Singapore. Mohamed. A. Osman School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA. Fabio Pichierri COE Laboratory Tohoku University Sendai, Japan. V. A. Popov Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys Moscow, Russia. V. M. Prokhorov Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials Troitsk, Moscow, Russia. P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 14, 2007 18:27 List of Contributors xi Seeram Ramakrishna Department of Mechanical Engineering Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative National University of Singapore Singapore. Ramakrishnan Ramaseshan Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative National University of Singapore Singapore. Hamid Ramezani Departments of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Khorasan, Iran. N. R. Serebryanaya Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials Troitsk, Moscow, Russia. Z. X. Shen Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore. Deepak Srivastava NASA Ames Center for Nanotechnology and UARC/UCSC Moffett Field, CA, USA. K. L. Teo Information Storage Materials Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore. C. J. Unrau Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Materials Innovation Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA. Robert Vajtai Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY, USA. G. R. Vakili-Nezhaad Department of Chemical Engineering University of Kashan Kashan, Iran. Feng Wang Division of Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore. Xue-Sen Wang Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore. Binqing Wei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Applied Information Technology and Learning Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA. G. P. Zhang Department of Physics Indiana State University Terre Haute, IN, USA. [...]... of nanoparticles as building blocks for for bio-applications They argue that: (i) the sizes of the nanoparticles are close to those of biomolecules, which allows an integration of nanotechnology and biotechnology, leading to major advances in multiplexed bioassays, clinical therapies, ultra-sensitive biodetection and bioimaging; (ii) nanoparticles can be used as building blocks for the fabrication... nanoscience and nanotechnology, and it is important to understand these aspects as well as possible Nanotechnology MBBs are distinguished for their unique properties They include, for example, graphite, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, diamondoids, nanowires, nanocrystals and amino acids All these MBBs, and more, are candidates for various applications in nanotechnology These building blocks have 1 P1:... ultradisperse diamonds (or nanodiamonds) has been developed, and it is synthesized on a scale sufficient for particular industries In Chapter 3, the use of diamondoids as MBBs is reported by H Ramezani and G A Mansoori In this chapter, the authors present at first a general discussion about molecular building blocks for nanotechnology Then, the remaining major part of the chapter is devoted to diamondoid molecules... nanotechnology Then, the remaining major part of the chapter is devoted to diamondoid molecules and their role as MBBs The authors conclude that diamondoids are one of the best candidates for molecular building blocks in molecular nanotechnology to design nanostructures with predetermined physicochemical properties P1: OTE/SPH P2: OTE SVNY320-Mansoori November 15, 2006 16:13 Introduction 3 In Chapter... discussed in this chapter, which include molecular nanoparticles, nanomedicines, molecular- scale machines and devices The author provides an overview of the potential applications of polyhedral heteroborane clusters to nanotechnology These include the synthesis of molecular nanoparticles with controlled dimensions, nanomedicines for use in boron-neutron capture therapy, molecular- scale machines and devices,... grafts for all length scales is in fact a critical task for biomaterialists The authors conclude that with the advances of nanotechnology and tissue engineering, there is a bright chance in the near future to formulate biomimetic nanocomposite bone grafts in place of autogenic bone grafts In Chapter 14, the use of nanoparticles as building blocks for bio-applications is presented by Y Zhang and F Wang... atoms and molecules constituting the building blocks are the starting point to build the desired nanostructure In the top-down approach, a macrosized material is reduced in size to reach nanoscale dimensions Photolithography used in the semiconductor industry is one example of the top-down approach In the bottom-up strategy, we need to start with molecular building blocks (MBBs) and assemble them to... strategy for the computational design of functional molecular materials that makes use of both structural and synthetic chemistry information is discussed In Chapter 12, properties of germanium nanostructures are reported by K L Teo and Z X Shen The authors report on high-pressure Raman studies on germanium nanostructures using diamond anvil cells They demonstrate that it is possible to obtain strain information... Introduction 5 In Chapter 13, nanoengineered biomimetic bone -building blocks are discussed by R Murugan and S Ramakrishna The authors suggest that bone is a paradigm for a dynamic tissue since it has a unique capability of self-regenerating or selfremodeling throughout the life span without leaving a scar However, many circumstances call for a bone grafting owing to bone defects arising either from... ten nanometers and can be made into a conductor or semiconductor Amino acids and DNA, the basis for life, can also be used to build nanomachines Adamantane (a diamondoid) is a tetrahedrally-symmetric stiff hydrocarbon that provides an excellent building block for positional (or robotic) assembly as well as for self-assembly In fact, over 20,000 variants of adamantane have been identified and synthesized, . P1 : OTE/SPH P2 : OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 19, 2007 8:14 Topics in Applied Physics Volume 109 i P1 : OTE/SPH P2 : OTE SVNY320-Mansoori February 28, 2007 17:33 Topics in Applied Physics Topics. have made publication of this book possible. We would like to thank Springer for agreeing to publish this book as part of its Topics in Applied Physics Series. We also acknowledge the support of. Bone -Building Blocks 301 R. Murugan and S. Ramakrishna 14. Use of Nanoparticles as Building Blocks for Bioapplications 353 Yong Zhang and Feng Wang 15. Polymer Nanofibers for Biosensor Applications