Investigation of resistance to leaf mold disease on tomoto by dna marker (khóa luận tốt nghiệp)

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FALCUTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY - - GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: “INVESTIGATION OF RESISTANCE TO LEAF MOLD DISEASE ON TOMATO BY DNA MARKER” Ha Noi- 2022 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FALCUTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY - - GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: “INVESTIGATION OF RESISTANCE TO LEAF MOLD DISEASE ON TOMATO BY DNA MARKER” Student : Pham Quy Tung Student’s code : 637087 Class : K63CNSHE Major : Biotechnology Supervisor : Pham Thi Dung, Ph.D Ha Noi- 2022 GUARANTEE I hereby declare that this thesis is completely done by my own scientific research under the guidance of Mrs Pham Thi Dung Ph.D, Faculty of Biotechnology - Vietnam Academy of Agriculture All figures in this thesis are truthful, and not duplicate the results of any previous graduate report Graduation thesis has references to documents, citation information is recorded in the references section I take responsibility for my promises to the board and the university Hanoi, December 2022 Student Pham Quy Tung i Acknowledgements First words, in the process of completing this research paper, I have received great deal of helps, guidance and encouragements from teachers and friends First of all, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Mrs Pham Thi Dung who given me suggestions on how to shape the study and always been most willing and ready to give my valuable advice, helpful comments as well as correction of my reseach paper Next, I would like to express my gratitude to all teachers in Biotechnology falcuty- Vietnam university of Agriculture for their lectures years that help me much in completing this paper Besides that, I’m so thankful for all the support and encouragement of Mr Phan Huu Ton and your employees at the Center for Conservation and Development of Plant Genetic Resources who helped and created the most favorable conditions for me during my internship Last but not least, I would like to thank my family and my friends who have always encouraged, supported and helped me to complete this paper Ha Noi, December 2022 Student Pham Quy Tung ii TABLE OF CONTENTS GUARANTEE i Acknowledgements ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi ABBREVIATIONS vii ABSTRACT viii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aim and requirements of the study 1.2.1 Aim 1.2.2 Requirements CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduce about tomato 2.1.1 The origin 2.1.2 Nutritional value 2.1.3 Characteristics of tomato plants 2.1.4 Tomato ripeness 2.1.5 Popular varieties of tomatoes 2.2 The situation of tomato production in the world and in the country 2.2.1 The situation of tomato production in the world 2.2.2 The situation of tomato production in Vietnam 10 2.3 Leaf mold disease on tomato plants 11 2.3.1 Symptoms and signs of disease 12 2.3.2 Causes of leaf mold disease 12 2.3.3 Developmental features of the disease 13 2.3.4 Measures to prevent leaf mold disease 14 2.4 Status of research on resistance to leaf mold disease in tomatoes 15 iii 2.4.1 Studies on resistance to leaf mold in the world 15 CHAPTER III RESEARCH MATERIALS AND METHODS 20 3.1 Research Materials 20 3.1.1 Research subjects 20 3.1.2 Place and time of study 21 3.2 Research content 21 3.3 Research Methods 22 3.3.1 Experimental layout 22 3.3.2 Methods for assessing important agronomic traits 22 3.3.3 Evaluation of resistance to leaf mold disease of selected tomato varieties by using molecular markers 25 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 28 4.1 Survey on genetic diversity of researched tomato varieties 28 4.1.1 Morphological survey of tomato samples studied 28 4.1.1.1 Survey on some growth characteristics, morphological characteristics and structure of tomato 28 4.1.1.2 Investigate the characteristics of inflorescence structure, bloom characteristics, yield and yield factors 31 4.1.1.3 Fruit morphology survey 34 4.2 Results of PCR method to detect Cf-19 gene in the studied tomato group 37 4.2.1 DNA total of leaf tomato 37 4.1.2 Determination of DNA content by nano drop 39 4.2.3 Results of PCR products detecting Cf-19 gene 40 4.3 Selection of a number of promising seed varieties with good characteristics 42 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 43 5.1 Conclusions 43 5.2 Recommendations 43 Addendum 49 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Nutrition facts in 100g tomatoes Table 2.2 Area harvested, yield and production over the world of tomatoes 10 Table 4.1 Some growth characteristics, morphological characteristics and tree structure of the studied varieties 30 Table 4.2 Some characteristics of inflorescence structure, bloom characteristics, yield and yield factor 33 Table 4.3 Survey about some characteristics of fruit morphology 35 Table 4.4 Survey about some characteristics of fruit quality 37 Table 4.5 Determination of DNA content by nano drop 39 Table 4.6 Results of PCR products detecting Cf-19 gene by primer qrt5760A 40 Table 4.7 Results of PCR products detecting Cf-19 gene by primer qrt5780A 41 Table 4.8 Results of PCR products detecting Cf-19 gene by primer qrt5760A and primer qrt-5780A 42 Table 4.9 Selection of promising varieties 42 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Structure of tomato Figure 2.2 Leaf mold caused by Passalora fulva on commercially and hom grown tomatoes The disease develops rapidly, spreading from lower to upper leaves 11 Figure 2.3 Leaf mold on a tomato leaflet Yelloe diffuse spots or patches are present on the upper leaflet surface and olive green to brown fungal spores are found on the corresponding underside of the leaflet 12 Figure 2.4 The Cf-9/Cf-4/Cf-1 (Milky Way) and Cf-2/Cf-5 Loci in Tomato 16 Figure 2.5 Recognition Specificity in Cf-2 and Cf-5 18 Figure 4.2 DNA total of leaf tomatos 38 Figure 4.3 Results of PCR products detecting Cf-19 gene by primer qrt5760A 40 Figure 4.4 Results of PCR products detecting Cf-types gene by primer qrt-5780A 41 vi ABBREVIATIONS Avr: Avirulence gene C fulvum: Cladosporium fulvum CTAB: Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide Hcr2: homologues of Cladosporium resistance gene Cf-2 Hcr9: homologues of Cladosporium resistance gene Cf-9 LRR: leucine-rich repeat R gene: resistance gene vii ABSTRACT Leaf mold disease, caused by the fungus Passalora fulva, is one of the most devastating diseases in most tomato growing regions worldwide To date, many disease resistance genes have been published and the use of natural resistance genes has been identified as one of the most effective solutions in breeding tomato varieties resistant to leaf mold disease This study used DNA markers to detect Cf-19 resistance genes in 20 tomato cultivars stored at the Center for Conservation and Development of Plant Genetic Resources - Vietnam National University of Agriculture To select promising tomato cultivars, selection was based on important agro-biological characteristics such as fruit set rate, fruit shape index, and presence of resistance genes The result show that there were varieties suitable for breeding and producing 2and KT viii *, 10- , 2- 51 Picture about planting stages Some morphology of tomatoes 52 Data processed through minitab software One-way ANOVA: height of tree Method Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Significance level All means are equal Not all means are equal α = 0.05 Equal variances were assumed for the analysis Factor Information Factor Levels Values Factor 20 KT, 13-1(*), 6-7(1)*, 3-1, 5-10*2-4, 13-3(*), 101(1), 2-4^((2))*, 2-8(*), 2-7(*), 13-5(1), 10-4(2*)S®, 2-4(1)*, 10-8(1)*, 110(*), 10-12(*), 10-3(1)*, 11-1^((2)), 6-5*, 13-5 (2)* Analysis of Variance Source DF Factor Error Total 19 50 69 Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value 4197 2046 6243 220.89 40.93 5.40 0.000 Model Summary R-sq Rsq(adj) Rsq(pred) 6.39737 67.22% 54.77% * S Means Factor N KT 52.00 Mean StDev 13-1(*) 56.250 0.957 6-7(1)* 62.50 5.26 3-1 43.20 9.23 5-10*2-4 37.80 5.45 13-3(*) 67.00 * 10-1(1) 50.00 2.00 24^((2))* 2-8(*) 50.00 * 67.50 3.54 2-7(*) 42.67 2.52 13-5(1) 55.00 8.63 104(2*)S® 2-4(1)* 60.00 3.81 10-8(1)* 58.50 2.12 1-10(*) 55.00 * 10-12(*) 60.00 11.60 10-3(1)* 53.20 9.44 111^((2)) 6-5* 56.50 2.12 52.00 4.95 4.95 64.000 1.581 95% CI (46.25, 57.75) (49.825, 62.675) (56.08, 68.92) (37.45, 48.95) (32.05, 43.55) (54.15, 79.85) (42.58, 57.42) (37.15, 62.85) (58.41, 76.59) (35.25, 50.09) (49.25, 60.75) (54.25, 65.75) (58.254, 69.746) (49.41, 67.59) (42.15, 67.85) (54.25, 65.75) (47.45, 58.95) (47.41, 65.59) (46.25, 57.75) 53 13-5 (2)* 59.00 1.41 (49.91, 68.09) Pooled StDev = 6.39737 One-way ANOVA: fruit rate Method Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Significance level All means are equal Not all means are equal α = 0.05 Equal variances were assumed for the analysis Factor Information Factor Levels Values Factor 20 KT, 13-1(*), 6-7(1)*, 3-1, 5-10*2-4, 13-3(*), 101(1), 2-4^((2))*, 2-8(*), 2-7(*), 13-5(1), 10-4(2*)S®, 2-4(1)*, 10-8(1)*, 110(*), 10-12(*), 10-3(1)*, 11-1^((2)), 6-5*, 13-5 (2)* Analysis of Variance Source DF Factor Error Total 19 19 Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value 3237 * 3237 170.4 * * * Model Summary R-sq Rsq(adj) Rsq(pred) * 100.00% * * S Means Factor N KT 13-1(*) 6-7(1)* 3-1 5-10*2-4 13-3(*) 10-1(1) 24^((2))* 2-8(*) 2-7(*) 13-5(1) 1 1 1 1 Mean StDev 95% CI 85.71 80.43 70.97 72.41 91.43 94.29 80.00 78.57 77.42 81.08 82.14 * * * * * * * * (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, *) *) *) *) *) *) *) *) * (*, *) * (*, *) * (*, *) 54 104(2*)S® 2-4(1)* 10-8(1)* 1-10(*) 10-12(*) 10-3(1)* 111^((2)) 6-5* 13-5 (2)* 78.57 * (*, *) 1 1 1 * * * * * * 82.14 54.05 57.45 59.46 44.90 82.35 90.62 83.87 (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, *) *) *) *) *) *) * (*, *) * (*, *) Pooled StDev = * One-way ANOVA: Weight fruit Method Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Significance level All means are equal Not all means are equal α = 0.05 Equal variances were assumed for the analysis Factor Information Factor Levels Values Factor 20 KT, 13-1(*), 6-7(1)*, 3-Jan, 5-10*2-4, 13-3(*), 101(1), 2-4^((2))*, 2-8(*), 2-7(*), 13-5(1), 10-4(2*)S®, 2-4(1)*, 10-8(1)*, 110(*), 10-12(*), 10-3(1)*, 11-1^((2)), 6-5*, 13-5 (2)* Analysis of Variance Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value Factor Error Total 19 15665.8 40 407.1 59 16073.0 824.52 10.18 81.00 0.000 Model Summary R-sq Rsq(adj) Rsq(pred) 3.19041 97.47% 96.26% 94.30% S Means Factor N KT 51.31 Mean StDev 3.71 95% CI (47.59, 55 13-1(*) 66.35 5.00 6-7(1)* 49.68 3.68 3-Jan 72.550 1.203 5-10*2-4 52.180 1.270 13-3(*) 80.41 3.31 10-1(1) 54.95 3.38 24^((2))* 2-8(*) 82.20 4.29 18.00 2.10 2-7(*) 46.26 3.82 13-5(1) 51.58 2.20 104(2*)S® 2-4(1)* 57.93 2.21 94.63 3.29 10-8(1)* 52.14 1.96 1-10(*) 71.51 3.40 10-12(*) 55.27 1.87 10-3(1)* 51.96 2.45 111^((2)) 6-5* 51.78 2.58 72.50 4.78 13-5 (2)* 70.70 3.69 55.03) (62.63, 70.07) (45.96, 53.40) (68.827, 76.273) (48.457, 55.903) (76.69, 84.13) (51.23, 58.67) (78.48, 85.92) (14.28, 21.72) (42.54, 49.98) (47.86, 55.30) (54.21, 61.65) (90.91, 98.35) (48.42, 55.86) (67.79, 75.23) (51.55, 58.99) (48.24, 55.68) (48.06, 55.50) (68.78, 76.22) (66.98, 74.42) Pooled StDev = 3.19041 One-way ANOVA: average fruit per tree Method Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Significance level All means are equal Not all means are equal α = 0.05 Equal variances were assumed for the analysis Factor Information Factor Levels Values 56 Factor 20 KT, 13-1(*), 6-7(1)*, 3-1, 5-10*2-4, 13-3(*), 101(1), 2-4^((2))*, 2-8(*), 2-7(*), 13-5(1), 10-4(2*)S®, 2-4(1)*, 10-8(1)*, 110(*), 10-12(*), 10-3(1)*, 11-1^((2)), 6-5*, 13-5 (2)* Analysis of Variance Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value Source DF Factor Error Total 19 839.2 80 882.0 99 1721.2 44.17 11.03 4.01 0.000 Model Summary R-sq Rsq(adj) Rsq(pred) 3.32039 48.76% 36.59% 19.93% S Means Factor N KT 21.80 Mean StDev 5.31 13-1(*) 24.40 3.36 6-7(1)* 14.800 1.643 3-1 22.00 3.32 5-10*2-4 22.00 2.35 13-3(*) 21.20 3.56 10-1(1) 23.80 4.44 24^((2))* 2-8(*) 15.80 2.39 2-7(*) 15.600 1.517 13-5(1) 21.40 2.51 104(2*)S® 2-4(1)* 19.40 2.79 20.40 3.65 10-8(1)* 20.00 3.08 1-10(*) 21.60 5.18 10-12(*) 22.00 4.06 10-3(1)* 14.40 2.61 111^((2)) 6-5* 23.00 3.32 22.80 2.95 13-5 (2)* 20.00 3.54 18.800 1.483 95% CI (18.84, 24.76) (21.44, 27.36) (11.845, 17.755) (19.04, 24.96) (19.04, 24.96) (18.24, 24.16) (20.84, 26.76) (12.84, 18.76) (15.845, 21.755) (12.645, 18.555) (18.44, 24.36) (16.44, 22.36) (17.44, 23.36) (17.04, 22.96) (18.64, 24.56) (19.04, 24.96) (11.44, 17.36) (20.04, 25.96) (19.84, 25.76) (17.04, 22.96) Pooled StDev = 3.32039 57 One-way ANOVA: Crop yield Method Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Significance level All means are equal Not all means are equal α = 0.05 Equal variances were assumed for the analysis Factor Information Factor Levels Values Factor 20 KT, 13-1(*), 6-7(1)*, 3-1, 5-10*2-4, 13-3(*), 101(1), 2-4^((2))*, 2-8(*), 2-7(*), 13-5(1), 10-4(2*)S®, 2-4(1)*, 10-8(1)*, 110(*), 10-12(*), 10-3(1)*, 11-1^((2)), 6-5*, 13-5 (2)* Analysis of Variance Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value Factor Error Total 19 2937068 * 19 2937068 154583 * * * Model Summary R-sq Rsq(adj) Rsq(pred) * 100.00% * * S Means Factor N KT 13-1(*) 6-7(1)* 3-1 5-10*2-4 13-3(*) 10-1(1) 24^((2))* 2-8(*) 2-7(*) 13-5(1) 104(2*)S® 2-4(1)* 10-8(1)* 1-10(*) 10-12(*) 10-3(1)* 111^((2)) 1119 1619 735.3 1596 1148 1705 1308 1299 Mean StDev 95% CI * * * * * * * * (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, *) *) *) *) *) *) *) *) 338.4 721.7 1104 1124 * * * * (*, (*, (*, (*, *) *) *) *) 1930 1043 1545 1216 748.2 1191 * * * * * * (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, *) *) *) *) *) *) 58 6-5* 13-5 (2)* 1 1653 1414 * (*, *) * (*, *) Pooled StDev = * One-way ANOVA: Thickness fruit Method Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Significance level All means are equal Not all means are equal α = 0.05 Equal variances were assumed for the analysis Factor Information Factor Levels Values Factor 20 KT, 13-1(*), 6-7(1)*, 3-1, 5-10*2-4, 13-3(*), 101(1), 2-4^((2))*, 2-8(*), 2-7(*), 13-5(1), 10-4(2*)S®, 2-4(1)*, 10-8(1)*, 110(*), 10-12(*), 10-3(1)*, 11-1^((2)), 6-5*, 13-5 (2)* Analysis of Variance Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value Source DF Factor Error Total 19 74.20 80 106.43 99 180.62 3.905 1.330 2.94 0.000 Means Factor N KT 0.8000 0.2000 Mean StDev 13-1(*) 0.3000 0.0707 6-7(1)* 0.8000 0.1581 3-1 0.3000 0.0707 5-10*2-4 0.4000 0.1581 13-3(*) 0.6000 0.1581 10-1(1) 0.3800 0.1924 24^((2))* 2-8(*) 0.8000 0.2000 2-7(*) 0.3000 0.1225 0.3000 0.1581 95% CI (-0.2265, 1.8265) (-0.7265, 1.3265) (-0.2265, 1.8265) (-0.7265, 1.3265) (-0.6265, 1.4265) (-0.4265, 1.6265) (-0.6465, 1.4065) (-0.2265, 1.8265) (-0.7265, 1.3265) (-0.7265, 59 13-5(1) 0.4000 0.1225 104(2*)S® 2-4(1)* 0.6000 0.1732 10-8(1)* 0.7000 0.1581 1-10(*) 0.6000 0.0707 10-12(*) 10-3(1)* 4.40 5.11 0.7000 0.1581 111^((2)) 6-5* 0.8000 0.1581 13-5 (2)* 0.4000 0.2000 1.3265) (-0.6265, 1.4265) (-0.4265, 1.6265) (-0.6265, 1.4265) (-0.3265, 1.7265) (-0.4265, 1.6265) (3.37, 5.43) (-0.3265, 1.7265) (-0.2265, 1.8265) (-0.3265, 1.7265) (-0.6265, 1.4265) 0.4000 0.1414 0.7000 0.1581 Pooled StDev = 1.15341 One-way ANOVA: Fruit diagram Method Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Significance level All means are equal Not all means are equal α = 0.05 Equal variances were assumed for the analysis Factor Information Factor Levels Values Factor 20 KT, 13-1(*), 6-7(1)*, 3-1, 5-10*2-4, 13-3(*), 101(1), 2-4^((2))*, 2-8(*), 2-7(*), 13-5(1), 10-4(2*)S®, 2-4(1)*, 10-8(1)*, 110(*), 10-12(*), 10-3(1)*, 11-1^((2)), 6-5*, 13-5 (2)* Analysis of Variance Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value Source DF Factor Error Total 19 2967.8 156.201 80 555.9 6.949 99 3523.8 22.48 0.000 Model Summary R-sq Rsq(adj) Rsq(pred) 2.63615 84.22% 80.48% 75.35% S Means Factor N Mean StDev 95% CI 60 KT 46.520 2.128 13-1(*) 42.340 2.085 6-7(1)* 43.22 2.36 3-1 49.53 3.43 5-10*2-4 44.440 1.329 13-3(*) 49.68 3.03 10-1(1) 39.94 2.33 24^((2))* 2-8(*) 52.230 2.118 2-7(*) 39.17 3.67 13-5(1) 45.07 2.55 104(2*)S® 2-4(1)* 38.360 1.605 54.15 2.55 10-8(1)* 41.54 3.55 1-10(*) 50.37 4.07 10-12(*) 44.690 1.955 10-3(1)* 42.230 1.341 111^((2)) 6-5* 43.95 13-5 (2)* 44.46 28.960 2.090 2.87 45.660 2.195 3.27 (44.174, 48.866) (39.994, 44.686) (40.87, 45.57) (47.18, 51.88) (42.094, 46.786) (47.33, 52.03) (37.59, 42.29) (49.884, 54.576) (26.614, 31.306) (36.82, 41.52) (42.72, 47.42) (36.014, 40.706) (51.80, 56.50) (39.19, 43.89) (48.02, 52.72) (42.344, 47.036) (39.884, 44.576) (41.60, 46.30) (43.314, 48.006) (42.11, 46.81) Pooled StDev = 2.63615 One-way ANOVA: Fruit height Method Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Significance level All means are equal Not all means are equal α = 0.05 Equal variances were assumed for the analysis 61 Factor Information Factor Levels Values Factor 20 KT, 13-1(*), 6-7(1)*, 3-1, 5-10*2-4, 13-3(*), 101(1), 2-4^((2))*, 2-8(*), 2-7(*), 13-5(1), 10-4(2*)S®, 2-4(1)*, 10-8(1)*, 110(*), 10-12(*), 10-3(1)*, 11-1^((2)), 6-5*, 13-5 (2)* Analysis of Variance Source DF Factor Error Total 19 80 99 Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value 5294 1162 6457 278.66 14.53 19.18 0.000 Model Summary R-sq Rsq(adj) Rsq(pred) 3.81136 82.00% 77.73% 71.88% S Means Factor N KT 42.43 Mean StDev 2.65 13-1(*) 68.38 6.45 6-7(1)* 46.12 4.26 3-1 56.36 2.94 5-10*2-4 44.240 1.714 13-3(*) 58.160 1.520 10-1(1) 61.97 5.10 24^((2))* 2-8(*) 49.05 4.42 36.75 3.06 2-7(*) 50.38 3.33 13-5(1) 47.22 3.04 104(2*)S® 2-4(1)* 54.480 1.970 53.34 2.48 10-8(1)* 55.53 2.41 1-10(*) 53.59 3.69 10-12(*) 45.69 2.69 10-3(1)* 54.16 2.28 111^((2)) 6-5* 47.79 4.05 59.72 3.81 13-5 (2)* 58.08 7.86 95% CI (39.04, 45.82) (64.99, 71.77) (42.73, 49.51) (52.97, 59.75) (40.848, 47.632) (54.768, 61.552) (58.58, 65.36) (45.66, 52.44) (33.36, 40.14) (46.99, 53.77) (43.83, 50.61) (51.088, 57.872) (49.95, 56.73) (52.14, 58.92) (50.20, 56.98) (42.30, 49.08) (50.77, 57.55) (44.40, 51.18) (56.33, 63.11) (54.69, 61.47) Pooled StDev = 3.81136 62 One-way ANOVA: fruit shape index Method Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Significance level All means are equal Not all means are equal α = 0.05 Equal variances were assumed for the analysis Factor Information Factor Levels Values Factor 20 KT, 13-1(*), 6-7(1)*, 3-1, 5-10*2-4, 13-3(*), 101(1), 2-4^((2))*, 2-8(*), 2-7(*), 13-5(1), 10-4(2*)S®, 2-4(1)*, 10-8(1)*, 110(*), 10-12(*), 10-3(1)*, 11-1^((2)), 6-5*, 13-5 (2)* Analysis of Variance Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value Source DF Factor Error Total 19 0.7434 0.03913 * * 19 0.7434 * * Model Summary R-sq Rsq(adj) Rsq(pred) * 100.00% * * S Means Factor N KT 13-1(*) 6-7(1)* 3-1 5-10*2-4 13-3(*) 10-1(1) 24^((2))* 2-8(*) 2-7(*) 13-5(1) 104(2*)S® 2-4(1)* 10-8(1)* 1-10(*) 10-12(*) 10-3(1)* 111^((2)) 6-5* 13-5 1 1 1 1 0.9100 1.620 1.070 1.140 1.000 1.170 1.550 0.9400 Mean StDev 95% CI * * * * * * * * (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, *) *) *) *) *) *) *) *) 1 1 1.270 1.290 1.050 1.420 * * * * (*, (*, (*, (*, *) *) *) *) 1 1 1 0.9900 1.340 1.060 1.020 1.280 1.090 * * * * * * (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, (*, *) *) *) *) *) *) 1.260 1.310 * (*, *) * (*, *) 63 (2)* Pooled StDev = * One-way ANOVA: Brix Method Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Significance level All means are equal Not all means are equal α = 0.05 Equal variances were assumed for the analysis Factor Information Factor Levels Values Factor 20 KT, 13-1(*), 6-7(1)*, 3-1, 5-10*2-4, 13-3(*), 101(1), 2-4^((2))*, 2-8(*), 2-7(*), 13-5(1), 10-4(2*)S®, 2-4(1)*, 10-8(1)*, 110(*), 10-12(*), 10-3(1)*, 11-1^((2)), 6-5*, 13-5 (2)* Analysis of Variance Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value Source DF Factor Error Total 19 37.740 1.98632 80 4.720 0.05900 99 42.460 33.67 0.000 Model Summary R-sq Rsq(adj) Rsq(pred) 0.242899 88.88% 86.24% 82.63% S Means Factor N KT 4.100 0.292 Mean StDev 13-1(*) 4.100 0.245 6-7(1)* 3.700 0.316 3-1 4.000 0.400 5-10*2-4 4.0000 0.2000 13-3(*) 3.0000 0.1414 10-1(1) 2.4000 0.1581 24^((2))* 2-8(*) 4.1000 0.1581 2-7(*) 3.5000 0.1871 3.7000 0.1225 95% CI (3.884, 4.316) (3.884, 4.316) (3.484, 3.916) (3.784, 4.216) (3.7838, 4.2162) (2.7838, 3.2162) (2.1838, 2.6162) (3.8838, 4.3162) (3.4838, 3.9162) (3.2838, 64 13-5(1) 4.0000 0.2000 104(2*)S® 2-4(1)* 4.500 0.308 10-8(1)* 2.4000 0.1581 1-10(*) 2.700 0.265 10-12(*) 3.600 0.316 10-3(1)* 3.1000 0.1414 111^((2)) 6-5* 3.0000 0.1414 13-5 (2)* 4.400 0.274 3.200 0.339 3.300 0.235 3.7162) (3.7838, 4.2162) (4.284, 4.716) (2.984, 3.416) (2.1838, 2.6162) (2.484, 2.916) (3.384, 3.816) (2.8838, 3.3162) (2.7838, 3.2162) (3.084, 3.516) (4.184, 4.616) Pooled StDev = 0.242899 65