I E C TR 62 57 ® Edition 201 5-07 TE C H N I C AL RE P ORT F i re pre ve n ti on m e asu res on verters for h i g h -vol tag e d i rect cu rren t (H VD C ) s ys te m s , s tati c var com pe n s ators (SVC ) an d fl exi bl e ac tran s m i s s i on s ys tem s IEC TR 62757:201 5-07(en) (F AC TS ) an d th e i r val ve h al l s Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission T H I S P U B L I C AT I O N I S C O P YRI G H T P RO T E C T E D C o p yri g h t © I E C , G e n e v a , S wi tz e rl a n d All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester If you have any questions about I EC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local I EC member National Committee for further information IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varembé CH-1 21 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 91 02 1 Fax: +41 22 91 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch Ab ou t th e I E C The I nternational Electrotechnical Commission (I EC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes I nternational Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies Ab o u t I E C p u b l i ca ti o n s The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published I E C Catal og u e - webstore i ec ch /catal og u e The stand-alone application for consulting the entire bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other documents Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and iPad I E C pu bl i cati on s s earch - www i ec ch /search pu b The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…) It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications E l ectroped i a - www el ectroped i a org The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online I E C G l os sary - s td i ec ch /g l oss ary More than 60 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of IEC publications issued since 2002 Some entries have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and CISPR I E C J u st Pu bl i s h ed - webstore i ec ch /j u stpu bl i sh ed Stay up to date on all new IEC publications Just Published details all new publications released Available online and also once a month by email Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I E C C u stom er S ervi ce C en tre - webstore i ec ch /csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch I E C TR 62 57 ® Edition 201 5-07 TE C H N I C AL RE P ORT F i re preven ti on m e asu re s on verte rs for h i g h -vol tag e d i re ct cu rren t (H VD C ) s ys te m s , s tati c var com pe n s ators (SVC ) an d fl exi bl e ac tran s m i s s i on s ys tem s (F AC TS ) an d th ei r val ve h al l s INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 3.220.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-2788-6 Warn i n g ! M ake su re th a t you obtai n ed th i s pu bl i cati on from an au th ori zed d i s tri bu tor ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission –2– I EC TR 62757: 201 © I EC 201 CONTENTS FOREWORD Scope Norm ative references Terms and definitions Fire hazards in valves and valve halls General Possible causes Valve insulation failure 2 Loose connections or high resistance joints in the power circuit Valve component failures 4 Semiconductor device level connections 5 Coolant system problem s 6 Failure of valve hall bushings 7 Failure of surge arresters False operation of deluge system Other valve hall equipment Work in and around valve hall Assessm ent of possible consequences Valve hall layout and access Ph ysical arrangements General Present practices Specific provisions HVDC valve hall construction General 2 Valve hall construction 20 Means of egress 20 Supervision of valve components and other valve hall equipm ent 20 General 20 Supervision of valve components 21 General 21 2 On-line m onitoring 21 Off-line checks and inspection 22 Supervision of other valve hall equipment 22 Fire detection system s 23 General 23 Detection and operating principles 23 General 23 2 Air sampling systems 23 I nfra-red beam sm oke detectors 23 Arc detector system s 24 I nfra-red flam e detectors 24 Ultraviolet (U V) flam e detectors 24 7 I m aging video cam era system s 24 Guidelines for valve hall fire detection 24 Fire suppression system s 24 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 –3– General 24 Design considerations for an installed fire suppression system 25 Types of fire extinguishing agents 26 List of agents 26 Carbon dioxide 26 3 I nert gases 26 H ydro fluorocarbons 26 Other gases 27 I nstallation requirements 27 Guidelines for fire extinguishing agents 27 Vent m anagem ent 28 General 28 Design considerations 29 General 29 2 Natural ventilation 29 Forced ventilation 30 Design 30 Control and integration of fire detection, fire protection and converter control system s 30 1 General 30 Fire alarm classification 31 General 31 2 Classification by detection principle 32 Classification by detection objective 32 Detection system reliability 33 Fire control system 33 General 33 Basic system functions 33 3 Other system components 34 Outline of system design 34 Guidelines for integrated fire control systems 35 1 Fire fighting and m aintenance 35 1 General 35 1 Role of station and fire fighting personnel 35 1 General 35 1 2 Actions in case of a fire 35 1 Fire fighting 36 Guidance for purchaser specifications 36 General 36 2 Purchaser specification 36 2 General 36 2 Semiconductor valves 37 2 Other valve hall equipment 38 2 Valve hall construction 38 2 Fire detection systems 38 2 Fire suppression systems 39 2 Vent management system 39 2 Fire alarm and control systems 39 Annexe A (inform ative) Valve hall fire hazards and survey of fire incidents 40 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an –4– I EC TR 62757: 201 © I EC 201 A General 40 A Hazard categories 40 A Reports from H VDC users 41 A Reported incidents 42 A 4.1 Overheating of valve components due to reduced cooling 42 A 4.2 Valve component failures 44 A 4.3 Loose or high resistance connections in the load current carrying circuit 57 A 4.4 Failure of auxiliary circuit electrical connections 58 A 4.5 I nsulation failures 58 A 4.6 Failures of equipm ent associated with the valve hall 61 A 4.7 False alarm s 62 A 4.8 Unknown causes 63 A Conclusion and recomm endations 63 Bibliograph y 65 Figure – Types of ventilation 29 Figure – Possible arrangem ents and interconnections of an integrated fire detection and control system 32 Table – Fire extinguishing agents 26 Table A – H VDC converters owners/suppliers reference list (May 201 2) 41 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 –5– INTERNATI ONAL ELECTROTECHNI CAL COMMISSI ON F I RE P RE VE N T I O N M E AS U RE S O N C O N VE RT E RS F O R H I G H -VO L T AG E D I RE C T C U RRE N T ( H VD C ) S YS T E M S , S T AT I C V AR C O M P E N S AT O RS ( S VC ) AN D F L E X I B L E AC T R AN S M I S S I O N S YS T E M S ( F AC T S ) AN D T H E I R V AL VE H AL L S FOREWORD ) The I nternati on al Electrotechni cal Comm ission (I EC) is a worl d wid e organization for stan dardization com prisin g all n ation al el ectrotechnical comm ittees (I EC National Comm ittees) The object of I EC is to prom ote internati onal co-operation on all q uestions concerni ng stand ardi zati on in the el ectrical an d electronic fi elds To this en d and in additi on to other acti vities, I EC pu blish es I nternational Stan dards, Techn ical Specificati ons, Technical Reports, Publicl y Avail abl e Specificati ons (PAS) an d Gu ides (h ereafter referred to as “I EC Publication(s)”) Th ei r preparation is entrusted to tech nical comm ittees; any I EC N ational Comm ittee interested in the subj ect dealt with m ay partici pate in this preparatory work I nternational, governm ental an d n on governm ental organ izations l iaising with th e I EC also participate i n this preparation I EC collaborates closel y with the I ntern ational Organi zation for Stand ardization (I SO) in accordance with ditions determ ined by agreem ent between th e two organi zati ons 2) The form al decisions or ag reem ents of I EC on tech nical m atters express, as n early as possible, an i nternati onal consensus of opi nion on the rel evant subjects since each technical com m ittee has representati on from all interested I EC N ational Com m ittees 3) I EC Publications have the form of recom m endations for intern ational use an d are accepted by I EC National Com m ittees in that sense While all reasonable efforts are m ade to ensure that the tech nical content of I EC Publications is accu rate, I EC cann ot be h eld responsi ble for th e way in which th ey are used or for an y m isinterpretation by an y en d u ser 4) I n order to prom ote intern ational u niform ity, I EC National Com m ittees und ertake to apply I EC Publications transparentl y to the m axim um extent possible i n their national an d regi on al publicati ons Any d ivergence between an y I EC Publication and the correspondi ng national or regi on al publicati on sh all be clearl y in dicated in the latter 5) I EC itself d oes n ot provi de an y attestation of conform ity I n depend ent certificati on bodies provi de conform ity assessm ent services and, in som e areas, access to I EC m arks of conform ity I EC is not responsi ble for an y services carri ed out by ind ependent certification bodi es 6) All users shou ld ensure that th ey have the l atest editi on of thi s publicati on 7) No liability shall attach to I EC or its directors, em ployees, servants or ag ents inclu din g in divi dual experts an d m em bers of its technical com m ittees and I EC Nati on al Com m ittees for any person al i njury, property d am age or other dam age of any nature whatsoever, wheth er di rect or indirect, or for costs (includ i ng leg al fees) and expenses arisi ng out of the publ ication, use of, or relian ce upon, this I EC Publicati on or any other I EC Publications 8) Attention is drawn to th e N orm ative references cited in th is publ ication Use of the referenced publ ications is indispensable for the correct applicati on of this publication 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that som e of the elem ents of this I EC Publication m ay be the su bject of patent rig hts I EC shall not be held responsibl e for identifyi ng any or all such patent ri ghts The m ain task of I EC technical comm ittees is to prepare I nternational Standards H owever, a technical committee m ay propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an I nternational Standard, for exam ple "state of the art" I EC/TR 62757, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 22F: Power electronics for electrical transmission and distribution system s, of I EC technical committee 22: Power electronic system s and equipm ent Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an –6– I EC TR 62757: 201 © I EC 201 The text of this technical report is based on the following docum ents: Enqui ry draft Report on votin g 22F/347/DTR 22F/353A/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in th e report on voting indicated in the above table This publication has been drafted in accordance with the I SO/I EC Directives, Part The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the I EC website under "http: //webstore iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication At this date, the publication will be • • • • reconfirm ed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 F I RE P RE VE N T I O N –7– M E AS U RE S O N C O N VE RT E RS F O R H I G H -VO L T AG E D I RE C T C U RRE N T ( H VD C ) S YS T E M S , S T AT I C V AR C O M P E N S AT O RS ( S VC ) AN D F L E X I B L E AC T R AN S M I S S I O N S YS T E M S ( F AC T S ) AN D T H E I R V AL VE H AL L S S cop e I EC TR 62757, which is a technical report, deals with fire prevention m easures on converters and their valve halls for high voltage direct current (HVDC) system s, static VAR compensators (SVC) and flexible AC transm ission systems (FACTS) I t is intended to be prim aril y for the use of the utilities and consultants who are responsible for issuing technical specifications for new converter valves and valve halls I t concerns fire incidents in H VDC proj ects using line comm utated converters (LCC) or voltage sourced converter (VSC) technolog y and it is from these proj ects that m ost examples of fires and fire incidents are taken Th is technical report also addresses converter valves and valve halls for SVC and FACTS This technical report provides general recomm endations to be considered while preparing specifications for these system s Specific requirem ents for a particular proj ect need to be clearly specified and m utuall y agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser N o rm a t i ve re fe re n c e s The following docum ents, in whole or in part, are normativel y referenced in this docum ent and are indispensable for its application For dated references, onl y the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docum ent (including an y amendments) applies Void T e rm s a n d d e fi n i t i o n s For the purpose of this document the following terms and definitions appl y a l a rm s ys te m installation for initiating a fire alarm a u t o m a t i c fi re d e t e c t o r device that detects abnorm all y high tem perature, rate of temperature rise, visible or invisible particles, infra-red or visible radiation, or gases produced by a fire 3 a u t o m a t i c fi re e xt i n g u i s h i n g s ys t e m an y system designed and installed to detect a fire and subsequentl y discharge an extinguishing agent without the necessity of hum an intervention , intransitive verb undergo combustion b u rn [SOU RCE: I SO 3943: 2008, 4.28] Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an –8– I EC TR 62757: 201 © I EC 201 5 bu rn , transitive verb cause com bustion [SOU RCE: I SO 3943: 2008, 4.29] ign i te , intransitive verb catch fire with or without the application of an external heat source [SOU RCE: I SO 3943: 2008, 84] ign i te , transitive verb initiate com bustion [SOU RCE: I SO 3943: 2008, 4.1 85] ch ar , noun carbonaceous residue resulting from pyrol ysis or incom plete combustion [SOU RCE: I SO 3943: 2008, 38] ch ar , verb form char [SOU RCE: I SO 3943: 2008, 4.39] com bu sti on exotherm ic reaction of a substance with an oxidizi ng agent Note to entry: Com bustion gen erall y em its fire effluent (4 05) accom panied by fl am es (4 33) an d/or glowin g (4 68) [SOU RCE: I SO 3943: 2008, 4.46] 1 exit designated point of departure from a building [SOU RCE: I SO 3943: 2008, 4.86] expl osi on abrupt expansion of gas that can result from a rapid oxidation (see 245 of I SO 3943:2008), decomposition reaction or other m eans, with or without an increase in temperature [SOU RCE: I SO 3943: 2008, 87] 3 exti n g u i sh i n g m edi u m ă exti n g u i sh i n g ag en t solid, liquid or gaseous substance especiall y suited to the extinction of fires Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an – 54 – I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 hh) Scheme: Chandrapur-Padghe, Padghe H VDC substation Date 2009-02-07 Transm ission capacity 750 MW Pole Capacity forced out MW I tem designation P1 VB V1 M1 T6 Cool ing m edium Water Outag e du rati on NA Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No al arm s Descripti on Capacitor C3 and C1 burst, thyristor el ectron ics PCB and optical fibers d am aged Action Capacitors, th yristor el ectron ics PCB and optical fibers repl aced ii) Scheme: Chandrapur-Padghe, Padghe H VDC substation Date 2009-02-07 Transm ission capacity 750 MW Pole Capacity forced out MW I tem designation P2 VB V1 A1 T6 C1 Cool ing m edium Water Outag e du rati on NA Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No al arm s Descripti on I P and FP optical fi bres foun d dam aged due to capacitor C1 bu rst Action Capacitors, th yristor el ectron ics PCB and optical fibres repl aced jj) Scheme: Skagerrak , Tjele H VDC substation Date 2009-02-1 Transm ission capacity 500 MW HVDC su bstation Tjele Capacity forced out 500 MW Cool ing m edium Glycol Outag e du rati on 7h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Pre-warni ng Descripti on Burnt capacitor and fi ber optic cable Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 – 55 – kk) Scheme: Thailand-Malaysia, Khlong N gae Thailand H VDC substation Date 2009-03-26 Transm ission capacity 300 MW Capacity forced out 30 MW Cool ing m edium Water Outag e du rati on 3h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Pre-warni ng Descripti on UV detector operated due to burnt th yristor electronics ll) Scheme: Chandrapur-Padghe, Padghe H VDC substation Date 2009-04-1 Transm ission capacity 750 MW Pole Capacity forced out MW I tem designation P1 VY V2 M1 T5, P1 VY V2 M1 T6, P1 VB V1 M1 T1 , P1 VB V1 M T2/T3/T4/T5/T6 Cool ing m edium Water Outag e du rati on NA Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No al arm s Descripti on I P and FP optical fi bres foun d dam aged due to capacitor C1 bu rst Action Capacitors, th yristor el ectron ics PCB and optical fibers repl aced mm) Schem e: Chandrapur-Padghe, Padghe H VDC substation Date 2009-04-1 Transm ission capacity 750 MW Pole Capacity forced out I tem designation P2 R V1 M T3 Cool ing m edium Water Outag e du rati on NA Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No al arm s Descripti on Capacitor C3 and C1 foun d burst Action Capacitors repl aced Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an – 56 – I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 nn) Scheme: Chandrapur-Padghe, Padghe H VDC substation Date 2009-05-29 Transm ission capacity 750 MW Pole Capacity forced out MW I tem designation P2 R V1 M T3 Cool ing m edium Water Outag e du rati on NA Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No al arm s Descripti on Capacitor C3 and C1 foun d burst Action Capacitors repl aced oo) Scheme: N elson River Bipole 2, Henday H VDC substation Date 201 0-04-1 Transm ission capacity 2000 MW HVDC su bstation Hen day Capacity forced out 500 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on 5, h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) “M an uall y” (burnin g sm ell) Descripti on One th yristor el ectronics PCB parti all y bu rnt pp) Scheme: N elson River Bipole 2, Henday H VDC substation Date 201 0-04-1 Transm ission capacity 2000 MW HVDC su bstation Hen day Capacity forced out 500 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on 2, h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) “M an uall y” (burnin g sm ell) Descripti on One th yristor el ectronics PCB parti all y bu rnt qq) Scheme: Skagerrak , Tjele H VDC substation Date 201 0-04-26 Transm ission capacity 500 MW HVDC su bstation TJ E Capacity forced out MW Cool ing m edium Glycol Outag e du rati on NA Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No al arm s Descripti on Burnt capacitor Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 – 57 – rr) Scheme: Caprivi Link, Gerus H VDC substation Date 201 -07 Transm ission capacity 300 MW HVDC su bstation Zam besi Capacity forced out MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on Not reported Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Detected by VESDA Descripti on Cascadi ng fail ure of I GBTs leading to fl ashovers an d som e addition al d am ages to th e val ve A.4.3 Loose or high resistance connections in the load current carrying circuit Loose load current bus bar connections within a valve or inside the valve hall may lead to overheating I n extrem e cases a joint may become open circuited and a series arc will develop Whether it is an overheated connection or a series arc it can dam age adj acent com ponents which can lead to a fire There were events reported for this type of failure: a) Scheme: M urray Link, Berri H VDC substation Date 2005-1 0-1 00: 20 Transm ission capacity 220 MW Capacity forced out Failu re occu rred d uri ng start u p I tem designation Phase C Val ve stack Cool ing m edium Water Outag e du rati on Not reported Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) The VESDA (fire detection ) system detected sm oke in enclosu re h ousin g for phase C Descripti on The stack position was heavil y bu rn ed and other dam ages could be seen as result from the arcin g on position Th e failed reported I GBT were Phase C Valve 4, Stack 4, Position 1 , 2, 3, 4, and Fire barriers in the m odule h ad prevented th e fire from spreadin g to oth er m odul es Action The fail ed I GBTs were replaced and the own er was instructed how to exchan ge th e I GBT without cracking it Observati on The cause for the failu re was a cracked h ybrid and th e reason for the fail ure is m ost probabl y that th e h ybrid was cracked d uri ng replacem ent of the I GBT positi on and not detected d uri ng fin al testing Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an – 58 – I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 b) Scheme: Storebaelt, Fraugde H VDC substation Date 201 -1 0-1 Transm ission capacity 600 MW HVDC su bstation Frau gd e Capacity forced out MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on NA Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No al arm s Descripti on Overh eated flexibl e conn ection between val ve m odul e and busbar Found during scheduled outage A F a i l u re o f a u x i l i a ry c i rc u i t e l e c t ri c a l co n n ecti o n s Loose connections within the auxiliary circuits at a th yristor level may produce either arcing or overheating at that connection This type of failure, if undetected for a period of tim e, m ay ignite adj acent materials leading to a fire There was event reported due to this type of failure Schem e: Caprivi Link, Zambesi H VDC substation Date 201 -06 Transm ission capacity 300 MW HVDC su bstation Zam besi Capacity forced out 50 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on Not reported Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Pre-warni ng Descripti on Bad potential contact to corona shields resulted i n burnt corona shi eld connecti on A I n s u l ati o n fa i l u re s I nsulation failures can be either within a valve or within or across other equipment in the valve hall, such as bushings or voltage divid ers I n both cases it involves a shunt electrical arc that may lead to a fire I nsulation failures within a valve can be the result of contam ination, increased hum idity or coolant leak in a liquid cooled valve I nsulation failure of other equipm ent such as bushings can be due to either external or internal flashover of the equipm ent The failure of oil-filled equipm ent represents a m ajor risk of fire, especiall y if it leads to its puncture There were events reported that involved shunt electrical arcs due to insulation failure: Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 – 59 – a) Scheme: N elson River Bipole 2, Dorsey H VDC substation Date 997-1 0-1 Transm ission capacity 2000 MW HVDC su bstation Dorsey Capacity forced out 500 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on 7, h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No inform ation Descripti on Rubber bum per m oved i nto contact with el ectrical circuit and started bu rni ng, creating sm oke and soot The val ve g roup h ad to be cleaned b) Scheme: N elson River Bipole , Radisson H VDC substation Date 2001 -1 0-1 Transm ission capacity 800 MW HVDC su bstation Radisson Capacity forced out 300 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on 4, h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No inform ation Descripti on Valve berth pi ping caug ht fire Cause unknown c) Scheme: N elson River Bipole , Radisson H VDC substation Date 2005-01 -21 Transm ission capacity 800 MW HVDC su bstation Radisson Capacity forced out 300 MW Cool ing m edium Deioni zed water Outag e du rati on 40, h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No inform ation Descripti on Failu re of an oil -fill ed wall bushing caused rupture of the outsid e porcel ain and a small fire No internal leakag e or fire d) Scheme: N elson River Bipole 2, Henday H VDC substation Date 2005-1 -08 Transm ission capacity 2000 MW HVDC su bstation Hen day Capacity forced out 500 MW Cool ing m edium Deioni zed water Outag e du rati on 5, h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) “M an uall y” (burnin g sm ell) Descripti on Reactor m odule isol atin g rod and eq uipotenti al copper brai d both bu rnt open No furth er d am age Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an – 60 – I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 e) Scheme: N elson River Bipole 2, Henday H VDC substation Date 2005-1 -1 Transm ission capacity 2000 MW HVDC su bstation Hen day Capacity forced out 500 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on 7, h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) “M an uall y” (burnin g sm ell) Descripti on Reactor m odule isol atin g rod and eq uipotenti al copper brai d both bu rnt open No furth er d am age f) Scheme: N elson River Bipole 2, Henday H VDC substation Date 2005-1 -22 Transm ission capacity 2000 MW HVDC su bstation Hen day Capacity forced out 500 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on 5, h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) “M an uall y” (burnin g sm ell) Descripti on Reactor m odule isol atin g rod and eq uipotenti al copper brai d both bu rnt open No furth er d am age g) Scheme: N elson River Bipole 2, Dorsey H VDC substation Date 2009-01 -20 Transm ission capacity 2000 MW HVDC su bstation Dorsey Capacity forced out 500 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on 6, h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Valve protection trip Descripti on A rubber bum per g ot loose, fell across the el ectrical circuit of a th yristor m odule an d started bu rni ng, creating sm oke and soot within the valve Cleani ng and replacem ent of on e th yristor m odule was requ ired h) Scheme: Fenno-Skan , Dannebo H VDC substation Date 201 2-1 0-06 Transm ission capacity MW HVDC su bstation Dan nebo Capacity forced out MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on Not reported Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Detected by VESDA Descripti on Valve hal l optical fiber ch an nel caught fire du ri ng preparation for open li ne test, due to too hi gh h um idity in valve hal l Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 i) – 61 – Scheme: Vyborg back-to-back H VDC substation Date 2004-06-1 Transm ission capacity 300 MW Con verter Back-to-Back Unit KVPU Capacity forced out 300 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on 48 h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) No inform ation Descripti on The leak of de-ioni zed water from a wel ded seam of the cool er case Electric arc and water vapour resulted in num erous flashovers between ad jacent thyristor m odul es inside th e val ve and th e g rou ndi ng contou r wh ich caused the protection operation Action Three th yristor val ve m odules were repl aced Observati on The consid erabl e num ber of valve faults was caused by “bu rni ng out” plu g-and-sockets of thyristor electronics resulti ng i n failu res of thyristor levels and in valve protection operation As a rule th e g reatest dam age took place d ue to a drop leak on th e upper levels of the val ve causing fail ures of l ower val ve m odules 40 th yristor m odules were repl aced d ue to such failu res at all four com plete converter back-toback units (KVPU) of the Vyborg Back-to-Back HVDC substation during 2000-201 The outag e du rati on was from h to 48 h A Fai lu res of eq u i pm en t associated with th e valve h all There was event reported due to this type of failure Schem e: Skaggerrak Tjele H VDC substation Date 2006-01 -30 Transm ission capacity 250 MW HVDC su bstation Tjele Capacity forced out MW Cool ing m edium Air Outag e du rati on MW Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Pre-warni ng Descripti on Defect m otor beari ngs in val ve hall venti lation Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an – 62 – A I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 Fal se al arm s There were false alarm events reported a) Scheme: I tal y-Greece: Galatina H VDC substation Date 2001 Transm ission capacity Not reported HVDC su bstation Galati na Capacity forced out Not reported Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on Not reported Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Pre-warni ng Descripti on False al arm due to fi re in th e neighbourhood b) Scheme: Thailand-Malaysia: Khlong N gae Thailand H VDC substation Date 2005-08-1 Transm ission capacity 30 MW HVDC su bstation Khlon g Ng ae Th ail and Capacity forced out 30 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on 6, h Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Pre-warni ng Descripti on UV detector insid e val ve h all operated No fire occurred/d etected c) Scheme: Baltic Cable: H errenwyk H VDC substation Date 2006-01 -30 Transm ission capacity Not reported HVDC su bstation Herren wyk Capacity forced out Not reported Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on Not reported Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Pre-warni ng Descripti on False al arm due to fi re in th e neighbourhood Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 – 63 – d) Scheme: Vancouver I sland: VI T H VDC substation Date 201 0-1 2-01 Transm ission capacity 270 MW HVDC su bstation VI T Pole Capacity forced out 270 MW Cool ing m edium De-ioni zed water Outag e du rati on Not reported Fire d etection (Aspiration system , etc ) Pre-warni ng Descripti on On 201 0-1 2-01 , there reported som e sm oke in Pole val ve hall at VI T prior to val ve blocking So far, we have n ot been able to confirm the root causes of the sm oke After an extensive exam ination of all th e com ponents in vol ved, we foun d no burned com ponents or m ateri als Action A subsequent experim entati on suggested that d ust settling on a snu bber resistor’s surface can be a source of com bustion m ateri al resulted in sm oke when this elem ent heated up Also, we fou nd th e fire detection system worked q uite well, th oug h on the extrem e sensitive sid e A.4.8 Unknown causes There was fire incident with unknown cause reported Schem e: Sino-Russia Back-to-Back Date 201 -1 Transm ission capacity 750 MW HVDC su bstation Heih e Com m issioning year 201 Capacity forced out 75 MW Cool ing m edium Water/Glycol Outag e du rati on Not reported Descripti on During com m issioning, several m odules of one ph ase were badl y dam ag ed d ue to a fire th at started i n the reg ion of the d am ping capacitors The affected dam ping capacitors, any structural com ponents, an d m inor assorted com ponents, were replaced Rem ainin g com ponents were clean ed, and th e thyristor val ve equi pm ent reassem bled Descripti on During repeat com m issioning, a second fi re started in the region of th e dam ping capacitor, but was quickly spotted and extin guished Action I n both i nstances, the fi re is believed to have started due to a poor connecti on A.5 Conclusion and recommendations The am ount of recentl y reported fire incidents within H VDC converter valves and valve halls shows that fire prevention in valve halls for H VDC is still very much needed Examination of the events reported shows that no event had occurred due to overload or operation of the converter outside the design lim its After installation of air sampling systems and/or U V Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an – 64 – I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 detectors all recent events were detected before developing in to a critical situation Before this all incidents either were discovered by the operating personnel and manual intervention was necessary or the converter was tripped by a converter protection Still on m an y H VDC schemes the alarm settings may be too coarse for early intervention leaving m an y fire incidents to the detection and manual intervention of operational personnel This highlights the im portance of a sensitive fire detection system and its careful setting up during its comm issioning For converter valves of older design, where valve material does not selfextinguish, fire barriers may still be valuable to avoid spread of fire The potential and actual fire incidents described in Annex A clearl y dem onstrate that fire can occur within valves and valve halls Although 65 fire incidents were reported between 999 to 201 roughl y onl y 60% of utilities answered the request to present inform ation on fire events From the number of incidents reported it is concluded that the recommended actions are required to make H VDC converter valve halls secure against the consequences of fire dam age M ost reported fire incidents relate to valve designs that were made before the publication of CI GRÉ Technical Brochure 36, suggesting that the recomm endations within this report have substantiall y reduced the risk of fire within converter valves and valve halls Another conclusion that can be drawn from the statistics of reported fire incidents is that the air sam pling system s and/or U V detection system s, etc have considerabl y contributed to avoiding m ajor valve hall fires, although the statistics dem onstrate that the fire alarm and trip levels must be more carefull y adj usted during commissioning in order to detect an y incipient fire as earl y as possible The following recom mendations can be made: ) Sem iconductor valves should use materials and design practices that minimi ze the risk of fire and aim to prevent a fire from spreading within the valve 2) Oil-filled equipm ent should be excluded from the valve halls In order to reliabl y detect fires and de-energise the equipm ent, a full y integrated fire detection and equipment supervision system should be installed to provide two or more (preferabl y independent) m eans of verifying that a fire exists, together with visual confirm ation Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an I EC TR 62757:201 © I EC 201 – 65 – Bibliography I EC 60331 , Tests for electric cables under fire conditions I EC 60332, Tests on electric and optical fiber cables under fire conditions IEC 60695-1 -1 0, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-1 0: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electro technical products – General guidelines, Issued 2009-1 1-25 IEC 60695-1 -1 , Fire hazard testing – Part 1-1 1: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products – Fire hazard assessment, Issued 201 0-06-28 I EC/TS 60695-1 -20, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-20: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products – Ignitability – General guidance, Issued 2008-02-13 IEC/TR 60695-1 -21 , Fire hazard testing – Part 1-21: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products – Ignitability – Summary and relevance of test methods, Issued 2008-05-21 I EC 60695-1 -30, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-30: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products – Preselection testing process – General guidelines, Issued withdrawn corrigendum withdrawn corrigendum 2008-07-21 IEC 60695-1 -1 0, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods IEC 60707: 999, Flammability of solid non-metallic materials when exposed to flame sources List of test methods I EC 61 034-1 , Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions I SO 81 :1 981 , Plastics; Determination of Flammability Characteristics of Rigid Plastics in the Form of Small Specimens in Contact with an Incandescent Rod ISO 4589-1 : 996, Plastics – Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index – Part 1: Guidance Media and price ISO 4589-2: 996, Plastics – Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index – Part 2: Ambient-temperature test ISO 4589-3: 996, Plastics – Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index – Part 3: Elevated-temperature test ISO 3943, Fire Safety Vocabulary IEEE 979-1 994, Guide for Substation Fire Protection IEEE P979/D7, J anuary 201 , “Draft Guide for Substation Fire Protection” IEEE SA 202-2006, Flame-propagation testing of wire and cable IEEE SM 369-9 PWRD, Detecting and minimizing potential impacts from valve hall fires CI GRÉ Technical Brochure 36, “Fire aspects of HVDC thyristor valves and valve halls” NFPA 850, Recommended practice for fire protection for electric generating plants and high voltage direct current converter stations _ Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn