world trade organization annual report 2002 (wto world trade organization annual report)

WTO 2002 International trade statistics 2002 WTO Members (As of 31 July 2002) Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Australia Austria Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Canada Central African Rep Chad Chile China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo Congo, Dem Rep of the Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia European Communities Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Bissau Guinea, Rep of Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Rep of Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Latvia Lesotho Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Rwanda St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Vincent & the Grenadines Senegal Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States of America Uruguay Venezuela Zambia Zimbabwe This report is also available in French and Spanish (Price: SFr 50) To order, please contact: WTO Publications World Trade Organization 154, rue de Lausanne CH-1211 Geneva 21 Tel: (+41 22) 739 52 08 or 53 08 Fax: (+41 22) 739 54 58 Email: publications@wto.org ISSN 1020-4997 ISBN 92-870-1225-3 Printed in France XI-2002-3,000 © World Trade Organization 2002 Table of Contents World Trade developments in 2001 and Prospects for 2002 Main Features Global merchandise output and trade volume developments by sector Trade value developments by product and region Trade of developing and least-developed countries Merchandise trade development in major regional trade agreements Details on trade developments in 2001 by geographic region and country Trade developments in the first half of 2002 and prospects 8 20 I World trade in 2001 - Overview 23 II Selected long-term trends 31 III Trade by region 39 Overview North America Latin America Western Europe Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS (transition economies) Africa Middle East Asia Least-developed countries 39 47 55 63 72 80 84 87 99 IV Trade by sector 105 Overview Agricultural products Mining products 3.1 Fuels Manufactures 4.1 Iron and steel 4.2 Chemicals 4.3 Office machines and telecom equipment 4.4 Automotive products 4.5 Textiles 4.6 Clothing Commercial services 5.1 Transportation services 5.2 Travel services 5.3 Other commercial services 105 107 114 116 119 127 131 134 141 147 154 161 161 163 165 Appendix tables 167 Technical Notes 213 iii List of tables and charts Overview Chart Chart Table Chart Chart Table Chart Chart Chart Table Chart Table Table Chart Table Chart 10 Chart 11 Table Chart 12 Table Table Chart 13 Table 10 Chart 14 Chart 15 Rise and decline of US capital goods imports, 1993-2001 World merchandise trade and production by major product group, 2001 World exports of merchandise and commercial services, 1990-2001 World merchandise exports by product, 2001 World merchandise trade by region, 2001 Trade and output growth of developing economies, 1990-2001 Share of developing countries in world merchandise and commercial services trade, 1990-2001 Share of developing country intra-trade in world and developing country exports, 1990-2001 Top five developing exporters of merchandise by region, 2001 Merchandise exports of least developed countries by selected country groups, 1990-2001 Share of intra-trade in merchandise imports of selected RTAs, 1990-2001 GDP and trade developments in North America, 1990-2001 GDP and trade developments in Latin America, 1990-2001 Latin America Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2001 GDP and trade developments in Western Europe, 1990-2001 Western Europe Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2001 Transition economies Merchandise trade by country, 1995-2001 GDP and trade developments in transition economies, 1995-2001 Africa Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2001 GDP and trade developments in Africa, 1990-2001 Trade developments in the Middle East, 1990-2001 Middle East Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2001 GDP and trade developments in Asia, 1990-2001 Asia Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2001 Real GDP and trade growth of OECD countries, 2000-2002 3 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 21 I World trade in 2001 - Overview Table I.1 Table I.2 Table I.3 Table I.4 Table I.5 Table I.6 Table I.7 Table I.8 Table I.9 Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production by major product group, 1990-01 Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1990-01 Growth in the value of world merchandise trade by region, 2001 Growth in the value of world trade in commercial services by region, 2001 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2001 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU trade), 2001 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2001 Share of goods and commercial services in the total trade of selected regions and economies, 2001 Merchandise trade of selected regional integration arrangements, 2001 23 23 24 24 25 26 27 28 29 II Selected long-term trends Chart II.1 Chart II.2 Table II.1 Table II.2 Table II.3 Table II.4 Table II.5 World merchandise trade and production by major product group, 1950-01 World merchandise trade by major product group, 1950-01 World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-01 World merchandise trade by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2001 Merchandise trade of North America by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2001 Merchandise trade of Western Europe by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2001 Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2001 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 III Trade by region Overview Chart III.1 Chart III.2 Table III.1 Table III.2 Table III.3 Value of world merchandise trade by region, 1994-01 Volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1994-01 World merchandise exports by region, 2001 World merchandise imports by region, 2001 Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2001 39 40 41 41 42 v Chart III.3 Table III.4 Table III.5 Table III.6 Table III.7 Chart III.4 World trade in commercial services by selected region, 1994-01 World exports of commercial services by region, 2001 World imports of commercial services by region, 2001 Exports of commercial services of selected economies by selected partners, 2000 Imports of commercial services of selected economies by selected partners, 2000 Trade in commercial services of selected economies by selected partners, 2000 43 44 45 45 46 46 North America Table III.8 Table III.9 Chart III.5 Chart III.6 Table III.10 Table III.11 Table III.12 Table III.13 Table III.14 Table III.15 Table III.16 Table III.17 Table III.18 Table III.19 Table III.20 Merchandise trade of North America, 2001 Merchandise trade of North America by region and by major product group, 2001 Merchandise trade of North America,1990-01 Share of North America in world merchandise trade, 1990-01 Merchandise exports of North America by product, 2001 Merchandise imports of North America by product, 2001 Merchandise exports of North America by destination, 2001 Merchandise imports of North America by origin, 2001 Gross domestic product and trade in goods and services of Canada and the United States, 2001 Merchandise exports and imports of Canada and the United States, 2001 Merchandise trade of Canada by region and economy, 2001 Merchandise trade of the United States by region and economy, 2001 Merchandise exports of NAFTA countries by destination, 1990-01 Trade in commercial services of Canada, 2001 Trade in commercial services of the United States, 2001 47 47 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 52 53 54 54 Latin America Table III.21 Table III.22 Chart III.7 Chart III.8 Table III.23 Table III.24 Table III.25 Table III.26 Table III.27 Table III.28 Table III.29 Table III.30 Merchandise trade of Latin America, 2001 Merchandise trade of Latin America by region and by major product group, 2001 Merchandise trade of Latin America, 1990-01 Share of Latin America in world merchandise trade, 1990-01 Merchandise exports of Latin America by product, 2001 Merchandise exports of Latin America by destination, 2001 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Latin America, 2001 Merchandise exports of MERCOSUR countries by region, 1990-01 Merchandise imports of MERCOSUR countries by region, 1990-01 Merchandise exports of ANDEAN countries by region, 1990-01 Merchandise imports of ANDEAN countries by region, 1990-01 Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Latin America, 2001 55 55 55 55 56 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Western Europe Table III.31 Table III.32 Chart III.9 Chart III.10 Table III.33 Table III.34 Table III.35 Table III.36 Table III.37 Table III.38 Table III.39 Table III.40 Table III.41 Table III.42 Table III.43 Table III.44 Merchandise trade of Western Europe, 2001 Merchandise trade of Western Europe by region and by major product group, 2001 Merchandise trade of Western Europe, 1990-01 Share of Western Europe in world merchandise trade, 1990-01 Merchandise exports of Western Europe by product, 2001 Merchandise imports of Western Europe by product, 2001 Merchandise exports of Western Europe by destination, 2001 Merchandise imports of Western Europe by origin, 2001 Gross domestic product and trade in goods and services in Western Europe, 2001 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Western Europe, 2001 Merchandise trade of the European Union by region and economy, 2001 Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Western Europe, 2001 Trade in commercial services of France, 2001 Trade in commercial services of Germany, 2001 Trade in commercial services of Italy, 2001 Trade in commercial services of the United Kingdom, 2001 63 63 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 67 68 69 70 70 71 71 Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS (transition economies) Table III.45 Table III.46 Chart III.11 vi Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS, 2001 Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS by region and by major product group, 2001 Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS, 1990-01 72 72 72 Chart III.12 Table III.47 Table III.48 Table III.49 Table III.50 Table III.51 Table III.52 Table III.53 Table III.54 Share of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS in world merchandise trade, 1990-01 Merchandise exports of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS by major product group and main destination, 2001 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS, 2001 Merchandise exports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partner, and major product group, 1999-01 Merchandise imports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partner, and major product group, 1999-01 Relative importance of inter-regional trade in the total merchandise trade of the Baltic States, 2001 Relative importance of inter-regional trade in the total merchandise trade of the CIS, 2001 Merchandise exports of selected economies to the CIS, 1999-01 Merchandise imports of selected economies from the CIS, 1999-01 72 76 77 77 78 79 Merchandise trade of Africa, 2001 Merchandise trade of Africa by region and by major product group, 2001 Merchandise trade of Africa, 1990-01 Share of Africa in world merchandise trade, 1990-01 Merchandise exports of Africa by major product group and main destination, 2001 Merchandise exports of Africa by destination, 2001 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Africa, 2001 Merchandise exports of the European Union to Africa by product, 2001 Merchandise imports of the European Union from Africa by product, 2001 80 80 80 80 81 81 82 83 83 Merchandise trade of the Middle East, 2001 Merchandise trade of the Middle East by region and by major product group, 2001 Merchandise trade of the Middle East, 1990-01 Share of the Middle East in world merchandise trade, 1990-01 Merchandise exports of the Middle East by major product group and main destination, 2001 Merchandise exports of the Middle East by destination, 2001 Fuel imports of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 1990 and 2001 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in the Middle East, 2001 84 84 84 84 85 85 86 86 Merchandise trade of Asia, 2001 Merchandise trade of Asia by region and by major product group, 2001 Merchandise trade of Asia, 1990-01 Share of Asia in world merchandise trade, 1990-01 Merchandise exports of Asia by main product group and main destination, 2001 Merchandise exports of Asia by product, 2001 Merchandise exports of Asia by destination, 2001 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Asia, 2001 Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by economy, 2001 Merchandise exports of the United States, European Union and Japan to China by major product, 2001 Merchandise imports of the United States, European Union and Japan from China by major product, 2001 Merchandise exports of ASEAN countries by region, 1990-01 Merchandise imports of ASEAN countries by region, 1990-01 Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Asia, 2001 Trade in commercial services of Japan, 2001 Trade in commercial services of China, 2001 Trade in commercial services of Taipei, Chinese, 2001 87 87 87 87 88 89 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 97 98 73 74 75 Africa Table III.55 Table III.56 Chart III.13 Chart III.14 Table III.57 Table III.58 Table III.59 Table III.60 Table III.61 Middle East Table III.62 Table III.63 Chart III.15 Chart III.16 Table III.64 Table III.65 Table III.66 Table III.67 Asia Table III.68 Table III.69 Chart III.17 Chart III.18 Table III.70 Table III.71 Table III.72 Table III.73 Table III.74 Table III.75 Table III.76 Table III.77 Table III.78 Table III.79 Table III.80 Table III.81 Table III.82 Least-developed countries Table III 83 Table III 84 Chart III.19 Table III 85 Table III 86 Ratio of exports of goods and commercial services to GDP of least-developed countries, 1990 and 2000 Merchandise exports and imports of least-developed countries by selected country grouping, 2001 Merchandise exports of least-developed countries by region, 2000 Imports of agricultural products and manufactures of Western Europe, Asia and North America from leastdeveloped countries, 2001 Exports of commercial services of least-developed countries by category, 2000 99 100 101 102 103 vii IV Trade by sector Overview Chart IV.1 Table IV.1 Chart IV.2 Table IV.2 World merchandise exports by product, 1990 and 2001 World merchandise exports by product, 2001 World exports of commercial services by category, 1990, 1995 and 2001 World exports of commercial services by category, 2001 105 105 106 106 Agricultural products Table IV.3 Table IV.4 Table IV.5 Chart IV.3 Table IV.6 Table IV.7 Table IV.8 Table IV.9 Table IV.10 World trade in agricultural products, 2001 Major regional flows in world exports of agricultural products, 2001 Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2001 Regional shares in world trade in agricultural products, 2001 Exports of agricultural products by region, 2001 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by region and supplier, 2001 Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2001 Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-01 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-01 107 107 107 107 108 109 111 112 113 Mining products Table IV.11 Table IV.12 Table IV.13 Chart IV.4 Table IV.14 World trade in mining products, 2001 Major regional flows in world exports of mining products, 2001 Share of mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2001 Regional shares in world trade in mining products, 2001 Exports of mining products by region, 2001 114 114 114 114 115 World trade in fuels, 2001 Major regional flows in world exports of fuels, 2001 Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2001 Regional shares in world trade in fuels, 2001 Imports of fuels of selected economies by region and supplier, 2001 Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-01 116 116 116 116 117 118 3.1 Fuels Table IV.15 Table IV.16 Table IV.17 Chart IV.5 Table IV.18 Table IV.19 Manufactures Table IV.20 Table IV.21 Table IV.22 Chart IV.6 Table IV.23 Table IV.24 Table IV.25 Table IV.26 Table IV.27 Table IV.28 World trade in manufactures, 2001 Major regional flows in world exports of manufactures, 2001 Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2001 Regional shares in world trade in manufactures, 2001 Exports of manufactures by region, 2001 Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union and Japan by region, 2001 Imports of manufactures of selected economies by region and supplier, 2001 Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2001 Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-01 Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-01 119 119 119 119 120 121 122 124 125 126 4.1 Iron and steel Table IV.29 Table IV.30 Table IV.31 Chart IV.7 Table IV.32 Table IV.33 Table IV.34 viii World trade in iron and steel, 2001 Major regional flows in world exports of iron and steel, 2001 Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2001 Regional shares in world trade in iron and steel, 2001 Exports of iron and steel by principal region, 2001 Iron and steel imports of the European Union and the United States by region and supplier, 2001 Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2001 127 127 127 127 128 129 130 4.2 Chemicals Table IV.35 Table IV.36 Table IV.37 Chart IV Table IV.38 Table IV.39 World trade in chemicals, 2001 Major regional flows in world exports of chemicals, 2001 Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2001 Regional shares in world trade in chemicals, 2001 Exports of chemicals by principal region, 2001 Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2001 131 131 131 131 132 133 4.3 Office machines and telecom equipment Table IV.40 Table IV.41 Table IV.42 Chart IV.9 Table IV.43 Table IV.44 Table IV.45 Table IV.46 Table IV.47 World trade in office machines and telecom equipment, 2001 Major regional flows in world exports of office machines and telecom equipment, 2001 Share of office machines and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2001 Regional shares in world trade in office machines and telecom equipment, 2001 Exports of office machines and telecom equipment by principal region, 2001 Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies by region and supplier, 2001 Leading exporters and importers of office machines and telecom equipment, 2001 Exports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-01 Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-01 134 134 134 134 135 136 138 139 140 4.4 Automotive products Table IV.48 Table IV.49 Table IV.50 Chart IV.10 Table IV.51 Table IV.52 Table IV.53 Table IV.54 Table IV.55 World trade in automotive products, 2001 Major regional flows in world exports of automotive products, 2001 Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2001 Regional shares in world trade in automotive products, 2001 Exports of automotive products by principal region, 2001 Imports of automotive products of selected economies by region and supplier, 2001 Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2001 Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-01 Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-01 141 141 141 141 142 143 144 145 146 World trade in textiles, 2001 Major regional flows in world exports of textiles, 2001 Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2001 Regional shares in world trade in textiles, 2001 Exports of textiles by principal region, 2001 Textile imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2001 Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2001 Exports of textiles of selected economies, 1990-01 Imports of textiles of selected economies, 1990-01 147 147 147 147 148 149 151 152 153 World trade in clothing, 2001 Major regional flows in world exports of clothing, 2001 Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2001 Regional shares in world trade in clothing, 2001 Exports of clothing by principal region, 2001 Clothing imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2001 Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2001 Exports of clothing of selected economies, 1990-01 Imports of clothing of selected economies, 1990-01 154 154 154 154 155 156 158 159 160 4.5 Textiles Table IV.56 Table IV.57 Table IV.58 Chart IV.11 Table IV.59 Table IV.60 Table IV.61 Table IV.62 Table IV.63 4.6 Clothing Table IV.64 Table IV.65 Table IV.66 Chart IV.12 Table IV.67 Table IV.68 Table IV.69 Table IV.70 Table IV.71 ix Table A16 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1999-01 - Japan (Billion dollars) C./E Europe/ North America exp Agricultural products Latin America exp imp imp Western Europe exp imp Baltic States/CIS exp imp Africa Middle East exp imp exp imp Asia exp imp 1999 2000 2001 0.67 0.67 0.61 22.11 23.09 20.89 0.06 0.05 0.05 4.33 4.35 3.96 0.47 0.46 0.41 6.69 6.87 6.39 0.02 0.02 0.03 2.02 2.09 1.91 0.05 0.06 0.07 1.40 1.40 1.33 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.12 0.13 0.09 2.87 3.08 3.92 23.08 24.26 22.38 Food 1999 2000 2001 0.47 0.46 0.43 16.90 17.53 16.63 0.03 0.02 0.02 3.52 3.45 3.19 0.11 0.12 0.12 5.56 5.65 5.27 0.01 0.01 0.02 1.34 1.44 1.24 0.01 0.02 0.02 1.08 1.05 0.99 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.08 1.51 1.52 2.42 18.47 19.36 18.17 Raw materials 1999 2000 2001 0.20 0.21 0.18 5.21 5.56 4.26 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.82 0.90 0.77 0.36 0.34 0.30 1.13 1.22 1.12 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.68 0.65 0.67 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.31 0.35 0.34 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 1.36 1.57 1.50 4.61 4.90 4.21 Mining products 1999 2000 2001 0.86 1.06 0.91 3.69 3.94 3.20 0.06 0.07 0.06 3.54 4.10 3.20 0.37 0.49 0.48 1.45 1.61 1.13 0.02 0.03 0.03 1.84 2.60 2.13 0.02 0.02 0.01 2.21 2.93 2.49 0.09 0.07 0.07 28.98 47.85 42.93 4.88 5.70 5.42 25.11 35.36 32.60 Ores and other minerals 1999 2000 2001 0.03 0.05 0.05 1.06 1.19 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.13 2.48 2.16 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.36 0.29 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.42 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.12 0.07 0.77 0.91 1.12 4.80 5.71 5.22 Fuels 1999 2000 2001 0.31 0.40 0.28 1.75 1.77 1.36 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.43 0.47 0.26 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.23 0.11 0.09 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.27 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.69 0.70 0.01 0.00 0.00 28.68 47.48 42.63 0.83 1.03 1.11 17.99 26.63 24.81 Non-ferrous metals 1999 2000 2001 0.52 0.61 0.58 0.89 0.98 0.80 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.98 1.15 0.79 0.26 0.35 0.34 0.86 1.21 0.79 0.01 0.02 0.01 1.56 2.25 1.67 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.23 1.81 1.36 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.21 0.25 0.24 3.29 3.75 3.19 2.31 3.01 2.57 1999 2000 2001 130.56 144.28 121.99 47.91 52.54 45.47 11.17 12.88 11.35 1.33 2.08 1.85 75.98 79.09 64.58 38.71 42.30 40.67 1.94 2.42 2.35 0.67 0.95 1.02 4.38 4.03 3.57 0.42 0.59 0.68 9.85 9.61 10.41 1.19 1.24 1.17 152.11 190.62 154.33 87.41 112.97 106.64 Iron and steel 1999 2000 2001 1.75 1.64 1.50 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.51 0.65 0.59 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.61 0.62 0.75 0.20 0.25 0.24 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.25 0.30 0.23 0.63 0.53 0.73 0.01 0.01 0.00 9.64 11.10 9.69 2.06 2.60 1.84 Chemicals 1999 2000 2001 6.60 7.28 6.39 6.81 7.82 7.37 0.51 0.54 0.48 0.33 0.35 0.31 5.42 5.50 5.27 10.49 11.15 10.92 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.42 0.48 0.45 17.77 21.40 18.08 4.59 6.05 5.96 Other semimanufactures 1999 2000 2001 5.23 5.43 4.47 2.81 3.07 2.73 0.65 0.69 0.67 0.09 0.10 0.09 2.89 2.91 2.73 2.38 2.58 2.48 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.38 0.32 0.32 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.60 0.60 0.63 0.36 0.37 0.30 8.30 9.86 8.16 7.85 9.08 8.88 Machinery and transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 104.19 116.17 98.07 28.72 30.48 25.29 8.80 10.19 8.87 0.52 1.17 1.06 58.13 61.56 48.57 15.40 17.43 16.09 1.48 1.94 1.91 0.23 0.45 0.49 3.41 3.14 2.72 0.02 0.15 0.31 7.59 7.49 8.13 0.26 0.22 0.21 96.04 122.41 97.43 40.09 56.17 51.67 Power generating machinery 1999 2000 2001 1.63 1.93 2.82 2.14 2.60 2.88 0.30 0.40 0.49 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.85 0.89 0.99 0.55 0.60 0.75 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.22 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.49 2.91 2.10 1.08 1.24 1.13 Other nonelectrical machinery 1999 2000 2001 13.50 15.80 12.47 3.70 3.96 3.46 1.45 1.54 1.40 0.04 0.05 0.04 9.47 10.12 8.59 3.17 3.50 3.77 0.35 0.36 0.35 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.62 0.54 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.31 1.14 1.07 0.04 0.04 0.04 23.54 31.27 23.87 3.02 3.60 3.91 Office and telecommunication equipment 1999 2000 2001 31.33 34.33 25.07 12.16 14.59 11.82 1.78 1.95 1.56 0.33 0.73 0.66 20.09 23.22 17.81 3.55 4.78 3.85 0.33 0.43 0.30 0.18 0.23 0.20 0.24 0.23 0.17 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.54 0.57 0.55 0.17 0.13 0.12 37.05 47.45 37.14 27.66 40.39 35.82 Electrical machinery and apparatus 1999 2000 2001 7.61 9.41 6.48 3.15 4.05 3.00 1.17 1.43 0.97 0.04 0.06 0.07 5.72 7.17 4.51 1.57 1.74 1.68 0.12 0.33 0.46 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.24 0.13 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.55 0.45 0.05 0.05 0.04 16.68 20.77 16.50 6.61 8.82 8.65 Automotive products 1999 2000 2001 43.19 47.16 43.91 1.96 2.31 1.92 3.41 3.90 3.64 0.09 0.29 0.26 16.77 14.65 11.78 5.68 6.02 5.44 0.60 0.71 0.62 0.01 0.15 0.18 1.96 1.87 1.55 0.01 0.12 0.29 4.51 4.66 5.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.29 15.13 13.27 0.85 1.07 1.12 Other transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 6.92 7.53 7.32 5.61 2.98 2.20 0.69 0.97 0.82 0.01 0.04 0.01 5.23 5.51 4.90 0.87 0.80 0.60 0.05 0.09 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.32 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.35 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.98 4.89 4.55 0.87 1.05 1.05 Textiles 1999 2000 2001 0.60 0.62 0.51 0.32 0.35 0.30 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.73 0.67 0.56 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.04 0.04 0.03 4.87 5.35 4.75 3.40 3.75 3.63 Clothing 1999 2000 2001 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.51 0.50 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.12 0.09 1.62 1.52 1.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.25 0.31 0.29 14.16 17.57 17.12 Other consumer goods 1999 2000 2001 12.11 13.04 10.96 8.58 10.12 9.26 0.64 0.75 0.69 0.14 0.20 0.17 8.07 7.70 6.62 7.90 8.65 8.69 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.52 0.50 0.44 0.10 0.11 0.18 15.24 20.19 15.94 15.25 17.75 17.54 1999 2000 2001 136.76 151.66 129.10 75.55 81.31 71.44 11.49 13.22 11.66 9.25 10.60 9.10 79.52 83.42 68.23 47.82 51.66 49.18 2.02 2.52 2.44 4.63 5.78 5.12 4.52 4.20 3.72 4.05 4.93 4.51 10.17 9.98 10.88 30.33 49.25 44.25 166.00 207.49 171.50 138.32 176.13 165.01 Appendix tables Manufactures Total merchandise a 204 Table A16 (continued) Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1999-01 - Japan (Billion dollars) United States exp imp exp imp Hong Kong, China World b exp imp exp imp 17.36 17.86 16.29 0.45 0.44 0.39 5.69 5.94 5.52 0.51 0.63 0.73 6.23 7.03 6.91 0.42 0.52 0.47 2.15 1.93 1.59 0.59 0.51 0.46 1.23 1.24 1.05 0.49 0.52 0.46 0.07 0.06 0.04 4.21 4.39 5.15 59.75 62.19 56.94 Food 1999 2000 2001 0.44 0.42 0.39 14.34 14.86 13.94 0.10 0.11 0.11 4.59 4.75 4.42 0.10 0.14 0.17 5.33 5.95 5.98 0.20 0.26 0.26 1.94 1.73 1.41 0.43 0.36 0.33 1.01 1.00 0.85 0.38 0.40 0.36 0.06 0.05 0.03 2.17 2.17 3.05 46.96 48.58 45.55 Raw materials 1999 2000 2001 0.19 0.20 0.17 3.02 2.99 2.35 0.34 0.32 0.28 1.10 1.19 1.09 0.40 0.49 0.56 0.90 1.07 0.94 0.22 0.27 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.13 0.22 0.23 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.05 2.22 2.09 12.79 13.61 11.39 Mining products 1999 2000 2001 0.85 1.03 0.89 2.15 2.45 1.90 0.35 0.46 0.43 1.07 1.26 0.96 1.03 1.18 1.50 2.22 3.26 2.92 1.01 1.30 1.35 2.15 3.68 3.22 1.05 1.08 0.86 0.23 0.31 0.22 0.45 0.53 0.46 0.04 0.04 0.02 6.30 7.44 6.98 66.81 98.39 87.68 Ores and other minerals 1999 2000 2001 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.66 0.73 0.62 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.31 0.25 0.22 0.23 0.33 0.51 0.40 0.49 0.44 0.28 0.36 0.35 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.09 0.14 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.88 1.06 1.26 8.89 10.30 9.24 Fuels 1999 2000 2001 0.31 0.39 0.28 0.94 1.13 0.78 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.05 0.09 0.20 0.22 0.23 1.38 2.18 2.03 0.19 0.27 0.45 1.96 3.42 2.99 0.12 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.23 1.52 1.51 49.89 77.43 70.23 Non-ferrous metals 1999 2000 2001 0.51 0.59 0.56 0.55 0.59 0.49 0.25 0.34 0.30 0.65 0.97 0.65 0.59 0.63 0.76 0.44 0.60 0.45 0.53 0.67 0.55 0.12 0.17 0.14 0.79 0.89 0.65 0.12 0.15 0.07 0.34 0.38 0.30 0.01 0.01 0.01 4.20 4.85 4.21 8.04 10.66 8.21 1999 2000 2001 123.77 136.80 115.42 46.24 50.54 43.63 71.57 74.83 61.15 35.30 38.79 37.13 21.21 27.78 27.73 34.11 44.37 47.43 20.86 27.81 22.36 11.55 14.51 12.04 26.19 33.01 21.72 10.93 15.81 12.30 20.19 25.05 21.08 1.44 1.36 1.17 393.14 449.69 373.68 177.67 212.67 197.51 Iron and steel 1999 2000 2001 1.56 1.42 1.36 0.14 0.19 0.14 0.43 0.46 0.52 0.17 0.22 0.21 1.53 2.13 2.08 0.38 0.62 0.41 1.92 2.50 2.22 1.08 1.27 0.90 1.35 1.38 0.99 0.37 0.43 0.30 0.91 0.96 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.46 14.83 13.54 2.95 3.66 2.78 Chemicals 1999 2000 2001 6.44 7.11 6.24 6.51 7.48 7.09 5.04 5.14 4.89 9.31 10.05 9.84 3.00 3.98 3.91 1.31 1.60 1.68 3.50 4.21 3.86 0.87 1.16 1.10 3.99 4.91 3.71 0.63 0.95 0.84 2.08 2.35 1.85 0.02 0.02 0.01 30.72 35.16 30.62 22.78 26.04 25.19 Other semimanufactures 1999 2000 2001 4.93 5.11 4.20 2.39 2.65 2.39 2.68 2.71 2.56 2.30 2.48 2.37 1.23 1.58 1.52 2.17 2.78 3.07 0.94 1.15 1.08 0.78 0.98 0.95 1.35 1.57 1.09 0.54 0.62 0.56 1.26 1.33 1.08 0.13 0.14 0.14 18.21 19.96 17.13 13.63 15.31 14.58 Machinery and transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 98.49 109.92 92.52 28.10 29.63 24.41 54.84 58.40 46.20 14.81 16.77 15.43 11.63 15.35 15.55 9.19 12.99 15.06 11.87 15.94 11.99 5.85 8.08 6.89 15.59 19.23 12.20 7.28 11.40 8.64 11.92 15.91 13.65 0.78 0.72 0.59 286.79 329.66 270.78 85.29 106.07 95.11 Power generating machinery 1999 2000 2001 1.47 1.82 2.67 2.12 2.57 2.85 0.79 0.85 0.93 0.51 0.54 0.68 0.48 0.51 0.39 0.59 0.69 0.64 0.35 0.39 0.34 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.31 0.27 0.26 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.01 5.60 6.42 6.79 3.78 4.45 4.78 Other nonelectrical machinery 1999 2000 2001 12.85 15.05 11.89 3.63 3.88 3.37 9.07 9.60 8.24 2.83 3.12 3.40 3.71 4.59 5.02 0.83 1.08 1.35 3.18 5.13 3.45 0.55 0.66 0.71 5.75 7.26 4.20 0.51 0.60 0.55 2.02 2.66 2.19 0.03 0.03 0.03 50.24 60.77 48.19 9.99 11.16 11.27 Office and telecommunication equipment 1999 2000 2001 30.35 33.24 24.13 11.94 14.17 11.39 19.72 22.86 17.55 3.47 4.67 3.76 3.63 5.25 5.19 4.26 6.42 8.12 4.66 6.13 4.77 4.53 6.43 5.14 5.35 6.59 4.16 5.66 9.43 6.89 6.06 7.98 6.81 0.56 0.54 0.42 91.37 108.18 82.60 44.06 60.87 52.48 Electrical machinery and apparatus 1999 2000 2001 7.38 9.03 6.09 3.06 3.97 2.94 5.50 6.92 4.32 1.48 1.64 1.57 2.55 3.39 3.19 3.04 4.15 4.20 2.98 3.37 2.48 0.52 0.70 0.71 2.66 3.22 2.41 0.63 0.82 0.74 2.62 3.51 2.78 0.15 0.13 0.10 32.04 39.79 29.51 11.45 14.77 13.50 Automotive products 1999 2000 2001 40.04 43.92 40.88 1.82 2.16 1.80 15.32 13.18 10.87 5.67 6.02 5.43 0.90 1.31 1.45 0.14 0.20 0.22 0.50 0.66 0.65 0.09 0.14 0.17 1.09 1.30 0.84 0.18 0.21 0.18 0.72 0.91 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 82.73 88.08 80.17 8.60 9.96 9.22 Other transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 6.41 6.87 6.86 5.54 2.87 2.07 4.45 4.98 4.29 0.85 0.78 0.58 0.36 0.30 0.32 0.33 0.45 0.54 0.20 0.26 0.29 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.42 0.59 0.32 0.23 0.28 0.22 0.32 0.66 0.85 0.03 0.02 0.03 24.80 26.43 23.52 7.41 4.87 3.87 Textiles 1999 2000 2001 0.56 0.58 0.47 0.32 0.35 0.30 0.69 0.62 0.53 0.69 0.69 0.67 2.26 2.58 2.47 1.73 2.04 2.13 0.37 0.41 0.36 0.39 0.40 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.23 0.26 0.28 0.24 0.84 0.89 0.75 0.01 0.01 0.02 6.60 7.02 6.19 4.55 4.94 4.75 Clothing 1999 2000 2001 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.49 0.47 0.35 0.11 0.11 0.08 1.59 1.48 1.48 0.05 0.05 0.04 11.43 14.71 14.76 0.02 0.05 0.05 1.03 0.95 0.69 0.10 0.12 0.08 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.46 0.53 0.47 16.40 19.71 19.15 Other consumer goods 1999 2000 2001 11.70 12.57 10.55 8.29 9.77 8.96 7.78 7.40 6.36 6.45 7.12 7.13 1.49 2.11 2.16 7.91 9.63 10.31 2.24 3.55 2.80 1.55 1.66 1.21 3.48 5.47 3.42 1.72 2.01 1.65 3.13 3.55 3.01 0.40 0.37 0.34 36.91 42.51 34.94 32.07 36.94 35.97 1999 2000 2001 129.80 143.98 122.32 67.53 72.51 63.63 74.58 78.41 64.37 42.78 46.80 44.51 23.34 30.38 30.94 42.85 55.10 57.75 22.89 30.70 25.25 16.03 20.45 17.16 28.78 35.94 24.19 12.80 17.90 14.16 22.02 27.18 23.23 1.79 1.67 1.45 417.61 479.25 402.61 309.99 379.66 348.61 Total merchandise a imp Taipei, Chinese 0.63 0.62 0.57 Manufactures exp Korea, Rep of 1999 2000 2001 Agricultural products imp China exp imp Appendix tables exp EU (15) a Includes unspecified products b Includes unspecified destinations and origins Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes 205 Table A17 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1999-01 - Korea Rep of (Billion dollars) C./E Europe/ North America Western Europe exp Agricultural products Latin America exp exp imp imp imp Baltic States/CIS exp imp Africa Middle East exp imp exp imp Asia exp imp 1999 2000 2001 0.36 0.41 0.43 4.16 4.59 4.24 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.64 0.63 1.01 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.91 1.15 1.03 0.08 0.10 0.17 0.68 0.49 0.51 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.03 3.40 3.35 2.91 4.51 5.79 5.49 Food 1999 2000 2001 0.21 0.23 0.27 2.54 2.54 2.48 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.40 0.42 0.84 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.65 0.85 0.81 0.07 0.09 0.15 0.37 0.19 0.22 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.36 2.17 1.91 2.62 3.62 3.49 Raw materials 1999 2000 2001 0.15 0.18 0.16 1.62 2.05 1.76 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.24 0.21 0.17 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.26 0.31 0.22 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.04 1.18 1.00 1.89 2.16 2.00 Mining products 1999 2000 2001 0.50 1.04 0.83 1.73 2.03 1.85 0.07 0.14 0.18 1.46 1.77 1.55 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.67 0.79 0.69 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.61 1.30 1.23 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.49 2.67 1.65 0.07 0.07 0.09 13.43 24.64 22.16 6.93 10.08 8.62 9.87 13.72 12.99 Ores and other minerals 1999 2000 2001 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.60 0.73 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.81 0.71 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.13 0.25 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.36 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.14 0.12 1.91 2.02 2.15 Fuels 1999 2000 2001 0.33 0.84 0.69 0.78 0.83 0.61 0.04 0.11 0.16 0.28 0.45 0.48 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.22 0.18 0.22 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.14 0.52 0.60 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.07 2.12 1.21 0.03 0.01 0.02 13.25 24.37 21.98 5.34 8.35 7.06 6.14 9.59 8.96 Non-ferrous metals 1999 2000 2001 0.15 0.19 0.12 0.34 0.46 0.58 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.56 0.51 0.36 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.32 0.36 0.29 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.28 0.42 0.34 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.30 0.43 0.31 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.16 0.13 1.49 1.59 1.44 1.82 2.11 1.88 1999 2000 2001 30.41 38.77 32.14 20.05 24.58 18.00 6.86 7.95 7.76 0.67 0.80 0.70 21.41 25.39 21.05 11.40 14.39 14.03 2.64 2.18 2.26 0.80 1.13 0.92 2.68 2.18 2.91 0.27 0.30 0.22 4.96 6.32 6.16 0.80 0.75 0.79 57.16 69.78 60.52 40.42 56.18 49.83 Iron and steel 1999 2000 2001 1.07 1.21 0.99 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.18 0.23 0.21 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.35 0.49 0.34 0.26 0.31 0.34 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.29 0.52 0.38 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.18 0.17 0.12 0.24 0.25 0.30 0.00 0.01 0.00 3.95 4.42 3.90 2.85 3.85 3.16 Chemicals 1999 2000 2001 0.76 0.96 0.96 2.78 3.29 2.87 0.42 0.57 0.60 0.13 0.15 0.11 1.03 1.15 0.95 2.52 2.96 3.03 0.18 0.33 0.35 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.28 0.35 0.36 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.26 0.32 0.31 0.24 0.37 0.47 7.83 10.10 8.99 5.38 6.47 6.21 Other semimanufactures 1999 2000 2001 1.72 1.90 1.70 1.03 1.10 1.02 0.41 0.47 0.39 0.03 0.03 0.04 1.13 1.03 0.90 0.99 1.15 1.20 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.40 0.17 0.19 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.31 0.40 0.41 0.06 0.03 0.05 4.50 4.98 4.58 2.13 2.76 2.92 Machinery and transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 21.09 28.78 23.14 14.07 17.04 11.39 4.09 4.84 5.02 0.15 0.24 0.19 16.03 19.90 16.45 5.71 7.60 6.96 1.82 1.22 1.31 0.11 0.20 0.18 1.44 1.16 1.90 0.02 0.05 0.03 2.64 3.79 3.78 0.45 0.26 0.21 28.39 38.33 32.53 22.99 33.65 28.82 Power generating machinery 1999 2000 2001 0.40 0.49 0.67 0.51 0.46 0.46 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.29 0.24 0.22 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.52 0.41 0.70 0.78 0.68 Other nonelectrical machinery 1999 2000 2001 1.43 1.67 1.49 2.32 3.26 2.24 0.43 0.48 0.52 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.05 1.40 1.27 2.29 2.83 2.93 0.18 0.16 0.22 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.24 0.20 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.39 0.62 0.69 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.88 3.92 3.79 3.81 6.09 4.43 Office and telecommunication equipment 1999 2000 2001 12.79 17.47 11.84 9.21 11.02 6.63 1.72 2.06 1.86 0.10 0.18 0.13 7.45 10.08 7.29 1.52 2.41 1.89 0.35 0.41 0.49 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.57 0.85 1.06 0.41 0.23 0.14 19.80 27.59 21.41 13.45 20.08 17.44 Electrical machinery and apparatus 1999 2000 2001 1.40 1.70 1.49 0.94 1.19 0.98 0.46 0.55 0.58 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.95 1.12 1.04 0.68 0.83 0.87 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.28 0.33 0.35 0.01 0.01 0.02 2.33 3.03 3.02 3.91 5.19 4.75 Automotive products 1999 2000 2001 4.15 6.21 7.26 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.72 1.14 1.11 0.03 0.03 0.02 3.83 3.56 3.03 0.30 0.39 0.49 1.17 0.56 0.46 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.70 0.54 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.96 1.11 1.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.45 2.00 1.87 0.74 1.02 0.92 Other transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 0.92 1.23 0.39 0.77 0.78 0.76 0.72 0.59 0.90 0.01 0.00 0.00 2.66 3.65 3.75 0.64 0.90 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.12 0.05 0.80 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.43 0.82 0.45 0.03 0.01 0.05 1.60 1.28 2.03 0.38 0.51 0.59 Textiles 1999 2000 2001 1.05 1.15 1.01 0.18 0.19 0.17 1.39 1.50 1.23 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.02 1.14 0.95 0.26 0.34 0.37 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.01 0.02 0.01 1.21 1.19 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 6.26 7.04 6.11 2.44 2.71 2.42 Clothing 1999 2000 2001 2.41 2.63 2.40 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.74 0.58 0.14 0.22 0.25 0.15 0.10 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.39 1.39 1.12 0.59 1.06 1.34 Other consumer goods 1999 2000 2001 2.31 2.14 1.94 1.87 2.79 2.44 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.10 0.94 0.87 1.52 1.82 1.88 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.33 0.33 0.03 0.07 0.05 4.84 3.51 3.30 4.05 5.68 4.95 1999 2000 2001 31.28 40.24 33.43 26.74 31.39 24.25 6.97 8.14 8.01 2.77 3.20 3.26 23.71 26.04 21.61 14.50 17.30 16.39 2.76 2.31 2.46 2.34 2.93 2.67 2.72 2.22 2.99 3.37 3.18 2.08 5.25 6.68 6.52 14.25 25.42 22.98 68.43 84.26 72.73 55.67 77.01 69.31 Appendix tables Manufactures Total merchandise a 206 Table A17 (continued) Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1999-01 - Korea Rep of (Billion dollars) United States exp imp exp imp Taipei, Chinese World b exp imp exp imp 3.62 3.83 3.65 2.11 1.86 1.58 0.43 0.62 0.53 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.84 1.08 0.95 0.50 0.64 0.50 1.26 1.96 1.70 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.14 4.23 4.30 3.95 11.08 12.84 12.50 Food 1999 2000 2001 0.18 0.20 0.24 2.38 2.33 2.29 1.93 1.68 1.40 0.21 0.34 0.30 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.59 0.79 0.75 0.09 0.13 0.12 0.93 1.59 1.43 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.08 2.82 2.67 2.52 6.68 7.72 7.99 Raw materials 1999 2000 2001 0.14 0.16 0.14 1.24 1.51 1.36 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.23 0.28 0.23 0.13 0.16 0.15 0.25 0.29 0.20 0.41 0.50 0.39 0.32 0.37 0.26 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.06 1.41 1.63 1.42 4.41 5.12 4.51 Mining products 1999 2000 2001 0.45 0.97 0.81 1.29 1.58 1.36 2.30 3.94 3.36 1.18 1.44 1.47 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.44 0.57 0.46 1.73 2.27 2.10 1.32 1.77 1.91 0.91 1.30 1.02 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.54 0.64 0.33 0.09 0.13 0.15 7.76 11.51 9.90 30.26 46.91 42.14 Ores and other minerals 1999 2000 2001 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.52 0.64 0.55 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.32 0.39 0.39 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.12 0.25 0.16 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.20 0.21 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.15 0.19 0.16 3.62 4.39 4.17 Fuels 1999 2000 2001 0.31 0.79 0.69 0.55 0.60 0.35 2.08 3.68 3.14 0.29 0.35 0.54 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.05 1.31 1.85 1.70 0.72 1.16 1.29 0.62 0.96 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.35 0.44 0.16 0.02 0.06 0.10 5.81 9.38 8.01 22.87 38.08 34.07 Non-ferrous metals 1999 2000 2001 0.13 0.17 0.11 0.22 0.34 0.45 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.57 0.70 0.54 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.28 0.31 0.26 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.28 0.34 0.24 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.20 0.17 0.05 0.04 0.02 1.80 1.94 1.73 3.77 4.45 3.89 1999 2000 2001 28.81 36.46 30.14 19.39 23.69 17.27 11.44 14.65 11.56 22.50 29.75 24.56 19.66 23.11 19.33 10.41 13.43 12.95 11.45 15.54 15.57 6.29 9.07 9.69 7.54 8.84 8.01 0.79 1.11 0.98 5.70 7.27 5.40 2.79 4.45 4.01 128.67 154.90 135.46 74.52 98.16 84.64 Iron and steel 1999 2000 2001 0.97 1.04 0.91 0.10 0.13 0.09 1.09 1.25 0.87 2.00 2.66 2.39 0.31 0.46 0.31 0.24 0.29 0.33 1.00 1.22 1.26 0.49 0.79 0.45 0.54 0.56 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.22 0.18 0.09 0.13 0.08 5.91 6.68 5.83 4.00 5.32 4.42 Chemicals 1999 2000 2001 0.72 0.90 0.90 2.50 3.03 2.61 0.89 1.15 1.05 3.65 4.33 4.02 0.94 1.04 0.86 2.32 2.75 2.79 3.00 4.12 4.11 0.66 0.83 0.94 0.89 1.10 0.87 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.75 1.03 0.66 0.19 0.24 0.23 10.76 13.78 12.52 11.33 13.52 12.94 Other semimanufactures 1999 2000 2001 1.56 1.73 1.54 0.96 1.03 0.96 0.80 1.02 1.00 1.05 1.23 1.15 0.97 0.96 0.85 0.93 1.10 1.16 1.37 1.56 1.52 0.37 0.59 0.78 0.77 0.82 0.69 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.23 0.26 0.22 0.06 0.07 0.07 8.58 9.05 8.30 4.31 5.17 5.30 Machinery and transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 20.18 27.29 21.87 13.82 16.57 11.07 5.39 8.37 6.32 12.79 17.32 13.65 14.85 18.13 15.12 5.14 7.08 6.35 3.52 5.63 5.78 2.62 3.84 4.30 3.44 4.42 4.39 0.56 0.86 0.73 3.09 5.42 4.06 1.99 3.49 3.20 77.95 100.28 86.69 43.61 59.08 47.91 Power generating machinery 1999 2000 2001 0.39 0.47 0.65 0.48 0.43 0.44 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.38 0.39 0.29 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.10 0.19 0.17 0.20 0.27 0.26 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.88 1.18 1.28 1.50 1.48 1.37 Other nonelectrical machinery 1999 2000 2001 1.28 1.52 1.35 2.26 3.21 2.17 0.51 0.63 0.70 3.38 5.37 3.73 0.93 1.22 1.17 1.93 2.51 2.61 0.82 1.20 1.33 0.11 0.20 0.25 0.16 0.21 0.19 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.16 0.24 0.19 0.10 0.16 0.16 6.61 8.46 8.23 8.44 12.23 9.66 Office and telecommunication equipment 1999 2000 2001 12.54 17.14 11.55 9.10 10.71 6.48 4.04 6.51 4.54 5.62 7.31 5.98 7.25 9.82 7.11 1.42 2.30 1.73 1.98 3.36 3.28 1.60 2.22 2.43 2.86 3.66 3.34 0.45 0.67 0.54 2.58 4.66 3.28 1.66 2.97 2.71 42.92 58.69 44.18 24.73 34.01 26.33 Electrical machinery and apparatus 1999 2000 2001 1.27 1.57 1.41 0.92 1.17 0.95 0.53 0.71 0.73 2.63 3.19 2.56 0.82 0.99 0.98 0.62 0.77 0.81 0.48 0.68 0.74 0.65 1.06 1.26 0.30 0.37 0.35 0.08 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.21 0.22 0.20 0.33 0.31 5.69 6.97 6.75 5.57 7.32 6.67 Automotive products 1999 2000 2001 3.83 5.66 6.59 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.51 0.69 0.71 3.46 3.04 2.81 0.29 0.38 0.48 0.11 0.17 0.22 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.13 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.03 15.19 15.43 1.39 1.77 1.77 Other transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 0.87 0.93 0.33 0.76 0.74 0.71 0.09 0.29 0.08 0.27 0.38 0.38 2.30 2.98 2.98 0.63 0.89 0.53 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.08 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.01 8.83 9.78 10.82 1.97 2.27 2.12 Textiles 1999 2000 2001 0.94 1.02 0.90 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.38 0.40 0.31 0.38 0.42 0.37 0.85 0.93 0.81 0.25 0.32 0.35 1.77 2.11 1.97 0.93 1.10 0.99 1.53 1.52 1.18 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.18 0.13 0.23 0.25 0.19 11.62 12.71 10.94 3.00 3.36 3.07 Clothing 1999 2000 2001 2.25 2.45 2.21 0.02 0.03 0.03 1.11 1.08 0.81 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.72 0.71 0.56 0.14 0.22 0.25 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.51 0.89 1.16 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 4.87 5.03 4.31 0.76 1.31 1.63 Other consumer goods 1999 2000 2001 2.20 2.03 1.81 1.82 2.73 2.36 1.77 1.38 1.20 2.60 3.72 2.91 1.02 0.86 0.81 1.40 1.67 1.73 0.66 0.74 0.78 0.71 1.02 1.08 0.34 0.40 0.40 0.13 0.13 0.14 1.18 0.15 0.12 0.23 0.27 0.23 8.97 7.37 6.87 7.50 10.41 9.36 1999 2000 2001 29.60 37.81 31.36 24.94 29.29 22.43 15.86 20.47 16.50 24.14 31.83 26.63 20.29 23.46 19.68 12.63 15.79 14.93 13.68 18.45 18.19 8.87 12.80 13.30 9.05 10.71 9.45 0.88 1.26 1.23 6.35 8.03 5.84 2.97 4.70 4.30 143.69 172.27 150.43 119.75 160.48 141.10 Total merchandise a imp Hong Kong, China 0.32 0.37 0.38 Manufactures exp China 1999 2000 2001 Agricultural products imp EU (15) exp imp Appendix tables exp Japan a Includes unspecified products b Includes unspecified destinations and origins Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes 207 Table A18 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1999-01 - Singapore (Billion dollars) C./E Europe/ North America exp Agricultural products Latin America exp imp imp Western Europe exp imp Baltic States/CIS exp imp Africa Middle East exp imp exp imp Asia exp imp 1999 2000 2001 0.25 0.24 0.17 0.69 0.56 0.51 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.40 0.35 0.28 0.92 0.99 0.82 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.14 0.04 0.03 0.02 2.81 2.75 2.53 3.05 2.98 2.91 Food 1999 2000 2001 0.20 0.19 0.14 0.62 0.51 0.46 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.28 0.22 0.19 0.89 0.96 0.80 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.04 0.03 0.02 2.42 2.37 2.20 2.63 2.55 2.58 Raw materials 1999 2000 2001 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.37 0.33 0.43 0.43 0.34 Mining products 1999 2000 2001 0.41 0.39 0.21 0.34 0.50 0.52 0.64 1.07 0.01 0.13 0.20 0.30 0.57 0.91 0.08 0.38 0.71 0.54 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.29 0.36 0.27 0.32 0.06 0.29 0.29 0.16 0.25 0.42 0.22 7.18 10.46 8.94 8.39 11.81 10.03 3.38 5.89 5.74 Ores and other minerals 1999 2000 2001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.31 0.33 0.20 0.37 0.19 Fuels 1999 2000 2001 0.35 0.35 0.18 0.24 0.34 0.38 0.64 1.07 0.00 0.02 0.15 0.26 0.54 0.87 0.03 0.19 0.46 0.37 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.22 0.22 0.26 0.32 0.06 0.26 0.24 0.12 0.23 0.40 0.20 7.14 10.42 8.89 7.05 10.38 8.75 2.20 4.39 4.36 Non-ferrous metals 1999 2000 2001 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.14 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.17 0.23 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 1.08 1.12 0.95 0.98 1.12 1.19 1999 2000 2001 21.56 23.61 18.46 17.80 19.32 18.14 1.19 1.37 1.34 0.77 0.61 0.51 17.10 18.35 16.23 14.69 16.22 14.62 0.33 0.37 0.46 0.51 0.50 0.42 0.94 1.16 0.87 0.15 0.31 0.32 1.36 1.61 1.77 0.61 0.72 0.80 55.99 70.91 63.46 57.86 72.11 58.36 Iron and steel 1999 2000 2001 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.32 0.34 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.48 0.46 1.05 1.10 0.94 Chemicals 1999 2000 2001 0.76 0.59 0.71 1.72 2.19 1.79 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.03 0.05 0.03 1.96 1.53 1.98 2.23 2.19 2.09 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.17 0.17 0.22 0.27 0.38 5.99 7.07 6.75 2.39 2.95 2.44 Other semimanufactures 1999 2000 2001 0.14 0.20 0.16 0.63 0.56 0.43 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.28 0.25 0.27 1.10 1.06 1.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 1.87 1.93 1.79 2.79 3.02 2.63 Machinery and transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 18.75 20.46 15.46 12.43 13.47 13.86 0.93 1.11 1.03 0.60 0.41 0.35 13.49 15.14 12.70 9.11 10.55 9.24 0.25 0.32 0.42 0.37 0.31 0.22 0.64 0.85 0.56 0.05 0.19 0.20 0.84 1.03 1.21 0.25 0.29 0.28 41.05 53.69 47.10 44.01 56.48 45.08 Power generating machinery 1999 2000 2001 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.40 0.38 0.52 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.24 0.33 0.35 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.88 0.78 1.12 1.12 0.91 Other nonelectrical machinery 1999 2000 2001 0.43 0.47 0.37 2.56 3.09 2.58 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.37 0.36 0.34 1.99 2.30 2.29 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.27 0.31 0.06 0.08 0.06 4.09 5.24 4.40 3.82 5.12 3.77 Office and telecommunication equipment 1999 2000 2001 17.25 18.67 14.03 6.23 7.46 6.06 0.68 0.84 0.74 0.52 0.30 0.27 11.95 13.59 11.02 4.46 5.31 4.20 0.17 0.23 0.31 0.21 0.21 0.16 0.44 0.42 0.35 0.03 0.16 0.14 0.44 0.59 0.71 0.08 0.09 0.13 29.68 39.47 34.61 30.75 40.58 33.24 Electrical machinery and apparatus 1999 2000 2001 0.77 0.89 0.66 1.20 1.34 0.91 0.17 0.18 0.14 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.64 0.85 0.76 1.16 1.30 1.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.08 5.22 6.61 5.64 5.68 7.01 5.24 Automotive products 1999 2000 2001 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.52 0.75 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.49 0.55 0.52 0.88 1.49 1.25 Other transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 0.19 0.29 0.25 1.90 1.07 3.64 0.01 0.02 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.21 0.48 0.74 0.55 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.22 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.95 1.14 1.76 1.15 0.66 Textiles 1999 2000 2001 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.72 0.77 0.61 0.92 1.04 0.83 Clothing 1999 2000 2001 0.92 1.09 0.98 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.50 0.46 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.20 0.15 1.53 1.72 1.54 Other consumer goods 1999 2000 2001 0.97 1.24 1.13 2.86 2.91 1.89 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.89 0.88 0.77 1.72 1.84 1.72 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.07 0.07 0.07 5.74 6.76 6.61 5.18 5.79 4.89 1999 2000 2001 22.51 24.44 19.17 19.43 20.75 19.60 1.88 2.49 2.54 1.10 0.97 1.00 18.29 19.76 17.55 16.49 18.34 16.36 0.37 0.42 0.52 0.61 0.79 0.79 1.35 1.61 1.39 0.54 0.71 0.65 1.85 2.23 2.36 7.87 11.27 9.82 68.33 86.53 78.22 64.96 81.65 67.77 Appendix tables Manufactures Total merchandise a 208 Table A18 (continued) Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1999-01 - Singapore (Billion dollars) Malaysia exp exp imp EU (15) exp Japan imp exp Hong Kong, China imp China World b exp imp exp imp exp imp 1999 2000 2001 0.54 0.49 0.47 1.15 1.12 1.06 0.22 0.21 0.16 0.66 0.53 0.48 0.39 0.34 0.28 0.84 0.92 0.78 0.56 0.53 0.50 0.13 0.16 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.18 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.35 0.31 0.34 3.86 3.72 3.30 4.98 4.89 4.68 Food 1999 2000 2001 0.43 0.39 0.38 0.97 0.93 0.91 0.19 0.18 0.13 0.60 0.49 0.43 0.28 0.22 0.18 0.81 0.89 0.76 0.51 0.49 0.46 0.11 0.13 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.16 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.32 0.28 0.31 3.22 3.09 2.78 4.44 4.35 4.24 Raw materials 1999 2000 2001 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.18 0.19 0.14 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.64 0.63 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.44 Mining products 1999 2000 2001 1.65 2.71 2.19 0.71 1.27 1.21 0.38 0.37 0.21 0.31 0.46 0.48 0.43 0.66 0.07 0.37 0.64 0.48 0.65 0.86 0.56 0.32 0.36 0.21 2.07 2.48 2.49 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.51 0.83 0.51 0.46 0.83 0.87 10.54 14.94 10.62 11.78 18.33 16.55 Ores and other minerals 1999 2000 2001 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.28 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.26 0.32 0.34 0.28 0.46 0.27 Fuels 1999 2000 2001 1.26 2.36 1.90 0.40 0.77 0.94 0.33 0.32 0.18 0.24 0.33 0.38 0.41 0.63 0.03 0.19 0.40 0.32 0.51 0.72 0.43 0.07 0.07 0.03 1.99 2.37 2.41 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.38 0.72 0.41 0.25 0.58 0.46 9.10 13.40 9.22 10.08 16.22 14.59 Non-ferrous metals 1999 2000 2001 0.32 0.28 0.20 0.19 0.22 0.16 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.16 0.22 0.14 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.24 0.28 0.17 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.19 0.25 0.40 1.18 1.21 1.06 1.42 1.65 1.69 1999 2000 2001 16.57 21.59 18.15 15.39 20.40 17.81 21.16 23.12 18.08 17.46 18.92 17.78 16.43 17.12 15.28 12.49 13.33 12.14 7.08 8.82 7.99 17.73 22.29 15.33 6.39 7.96 7.82 3.03 3.40 2.70 3.26 4.39 4.61 4.87 5.95 5.98 98.54 117.68 102.61 92.41 109.78 93.18 Iron and steel 1999 2000 2001 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.14 0.12 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.23 0.21 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.57 0.62 0.50 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.50 0.55 0.54 1.62 1.72 1.53 Chemicals 1999 2000 2001 1.28 1.40 1.19 0.43 0.58 0.49 0.73 0.57 0.67 1.68 2.16 1.74 1.93 1.51 1.96 1.87 1.93 1.78 0.47 0.50 0.53 1.03 1.25 0.91 0.58 0.67 0.60 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.57 0.79 1.01 0.17 0.21 0.22 9.07 9.60 9.88 6.63 7.71 6.82 Other semimanufactures 1999 2000 2001 0.71 0.79 0.66 0.79 0.84 0.82 0.13 0.19 0.15 0.58 0.52 0.39 0.26 0.24 0.24 1.05 1.01 1.00 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.74 0.87 0.67 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.25 0.30 0.27 2.44 2.54 2.37 4.66 4.81 4.26 Machinery and transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 12.75 17.47 14.57 11.93 16.42 14.24 18.46 20.09 15.22 12.21 13.18 13.63 12.95 14.03 11.90 7.91 8.62 7.73 5.01 6.14 5.34 13.32 17.31 11.65 4.95 6.36 6.23 2.00 2.22 1.71 2.15 3.10 3.05 3.59 4.34 4.38 76.02 92.90 78.49 66.85 81.71 69.22 Power generating machinery 1999 2000 2001 0.28 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.21 0.17 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.38 0.35 0.48 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.23 0.30 0.31 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.28 0.32 0.18 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.17 0.17 0.13 0.95 1.09 1.01 1.76 1.84 1.78 Other nonelectrical machinery 1999 2000 2001 1.42 1.87 1.36 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.40 0.45 0.36 2.50 3.04 2.53 0.33 0.32 0.31 1.82 2.10 2.10 0.20 0.30 0.23 2.32 3.33 2.13 0.38 0.41 0.39 0.08 0.18 0.10 0.27 0.34 0.39 0.18 0.26 0.28 5.29 6.57 5.62 8.46 10.65 8.74 Office and telecommunication equipment 1999 2000 2001 8.46 11.88 10.03 9.74 14.10 12.10 17.03 18.37 13.84 6.13 7.30 5.99 11.54 12.57 10.34 3.52 3.73 3.00 4.20 5.10 4.53 7.11 9.10 6.42 3.88 5.15 5.11 1.53 1.54 1.25 1.49 2.22 2.08 2.30 3.01 3.12 60.60 73.82 61.78 42.28 54.11 44.20 Electrical machinery and apparatus 1999 2000 2001 2.38 3.10 2.67 1.34 1.48 1.33 0.74 0.87 0.64 1.19 1.33 0.89 0.63 0.83 0.74 1.09 1.22 0.98 0.37 0.44 0.34 2.14 2.72 1.66 0.45 0.55 0.42 0.34 0.45 0.31 0.25 0.36 0.40 0.63 0.82 0.73 6.98 8.69 7.37 8.26 9.90 7.36 Automotive products 1999 2000 2001 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.52 0.75 0.68 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.71 1.20 0.96 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.63 0.68 0.65 1.55 2.42 2.14 Other transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 0.11 0.19 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.18 0.29 0.23 1.88 1.05 3.60 0.36 0.19 0.41 0.73 0.53 0.66 0.10 0.15 0.12 0.75 0.64 0.30 0.09 0.08 0.16 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.29 0.06 0.11 1.57 2.05 2.06 4.53 2.80 4.99 Textiles 1999 2000 2001 0.31 0.32 0.25 0.17 0.21 0.17 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.18 0.21 0.18 0.85 0.91 0.73 1.12 1.28 1.02 Clothing 1999 2000 2001 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.67 0.75 0.61 0.87 1.04 0.93 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.45 0.50 0.46 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.20 0.24 1.60 1.83 1.63 1.65 1.88 1.70 Other consumer goods 1999 2000 2001 1.24 1.30 1.20 1.26 1.49 1.37 0.94 1.21 1.10 2.83 2.88 1.86 0.81 0.80 0.68 1.26 1.32 1.20 1.45 2.03 1.98 1.96 2.12 1.51 0.58 0.64 0.72 0.51 0.56 0.45 0.37 0.33 0.38 0.47 0.64 0.64 8.06 9.36 8.97 9.89 10.67 8.64 1999 2000 2001 18.98 25.03 21.13 17.29 22.83 20.10 22.06 23.89 18.75 19.02 20.27 19.16 17.42 18.24 16.28 14.13 15.24 13.69 8.51 10.40 9.34 18.49 23.15 16.09 8.80 10.84 10.82 3.19 3.51 2.79 3.92 5.38 5.33 5.70 7.12 7.21 114.68 137.81 121.79 111.06 134.55 116.05 Manufactures Total merchandise a Appendix tables Agricultural products imp United States a Includes unspecified products b Includes unspecified destinations and origins Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes 209 Table A19 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1999-01 - Taipei, Chinese (Billion dollars) C./E Europe/ North America exp Agricultural products Latin America exp imp imp Western Europe exp imp Baltic States/CIS exp imp Africa Middle East exp imp exp imp Asia exp imp 1999 2000 2001 0.45 0.47 0.48 3.02 3.06 2.77 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.45 0.50 0.43 0.13 0.15 0.15 1.00 1.08 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.32 0.24 0.19 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 2.32 2.74 2.41 2.88 2.92 2.60 Food 1999 2000 2001 0.34 0.32 0.35 2.22 2.14 1.99 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.27 0.30 0.31 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.81 0.87 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 1.16 1.36 1.22 1.64 1.65 1.61 Raw materials 1999 2000 2001 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.81 0.92 0.78 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.18 0.20 0.12 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.19 0.22 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.29 0.22 0.18 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 1.38 1.19 1.24 1.27 0.99 Mining products 1999 2000 2001 0.10 0.11 0.15 0.70 0.83 0.65 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.58 0.63 0.44 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.49 0.68 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.62 0.27 0.00 0.01 0.01 1.61 2.67 2.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 3.37 5.62 5.67 1.59 2.17 2.20 6.26 8.34 7.10 Ores and other minerals 1999 2000 2001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.35 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.28 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.11 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.79 0.81 0.81 Fuels 1999 2000 2001 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.21 0.14 0.12 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.15 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.36 2.38 1.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.13 5.37 5.45 0.31 0.57 0.82 3.32 4.96 4.30 Non-ferrous metals 1999 2000 2001 0.10 0.11 0.07 0.24 0.33 0.19 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.46 0.45 0.30 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.19 0.25 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.46 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.24 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.23 0.20 1.14 1.44 1.24 2.16 2.57 1.99 1999 2000 2001 32.01 36.24 29.06 16.10 21.65 14.93 2.75 3.75 3.14 0.86 0.96 0.63 19.51 23.11 19.03 13.94 14.81 12.30 0.66 0.83 0.95 1.34 1.49 0.77 1.23 1.22 1.12 0.30 0.38 0.40 1.84 2.03 1.96 0.66 0.96 0.83 57.65 74.15 64.14 52.92 68.76 49.97 Iron and steel 1999 2000 2001 0.54 0.69 0.37 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.26 0.29 0.12 0.19 0.28 0.16 0.37 0.41 0.36 0.01 0.01 0.00 1.07 1.08 0.48 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.04 2.68 3.46 3.09 2.24 2.60 1.73 Chemicals 1999 2000 2001 0.43 0.56 0.58 2.89 3.50 2.55 0.14 0.18 0.20 0.09 0.10 0.06 0.34 0.41 0.39 2.69 2.75 2.44 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.14 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.38 0.53 0.50 5.96 7.82 7.36 6.48 8.46 6.43 Other semimanufactures 1999 2000 2001 3.52 3.83 3.33 0.66 0.64 0.54 0.23 0.27 0.25 0.07 0.07 0.07 1.68 1.77 1.48 0.86 0.89 0.75 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.02 0.04 0.05 4.18 4.51 3.94 2.77 3.16 2.52 Machinery and transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 20.48 23.36 18.34 10.08 13.91 9.51 1.28 1.90 1.58 0.40 0.45 0.34 13.71 17.04 14.09 7.96 8.13 6.62 0.42 0.54 0.63 0.15 0.23 0.14 0.56 0.56 0.51 0.04 0.09 0.13 0.75 0.88 0.87 0.08 0.14 0.10 31.08 42.55 36.27 34.50 45.92 32.85 Power generating machinery 1999 2000 2001 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.28 0.46 0.30 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.25 0.34 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.44 0.38 0.43 0.57 0.43 Other nonelectrical machinery 1999 2000 2001 2.15 2.40 2.06 3.04 4.68 2.38 0.24 0.33 0.29 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.01 1.14 1.00 3.22 2.70 2.09 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.03 0.04 0.02 4.46 5.88 5.47 7.13 9.52 5.84 Office and telecommunication equipment 1999 2000 2001 13.67 15.34 11.96 4.44 5.83 4.58 0.41 0.61 0.46 0.33 0.34 0.28 10.05 12.66 10.65 2.70 3.25 2.30 0.23 0.29 0.36 0.11 0.15 0.10 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.33 0.40 0.39 0.04 0.07 0.06 19.91 28.61 23.90 20.47 27.63 20.22 Electrical machinery and apparatus 1999 2000 2001 2.92 3.77 2.58 0.94 1.22 0.74 0.31 0.55 0.45 0.04 0.07 0.03 1.21 1.59 1.27 0.73 0.81 0.67 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.15 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.02 4.54 5.74 5.17 4.36 5.71 4.67 Automotive products 1999 2000 2001 0.81 0.83 0.88 0.21 0.26 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.68 0.78 0.60 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.75 0.66 1.35 1.57 1.10 Other transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 0.82 0.92 0.76 1.18 1.46 1.37 0.18 0.22 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.20 1.37 0.87 0.37 0.24 0.72 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.21 1.12 0.70 0.77 0.92 0.60 Textiles 1999 2000 2001 0.78 0.76 0.69 0.10 0.11 0.07 0.64 0.80 0.57 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.63 0.60 0.48 0.19 0.18 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.29 0.29 0.31 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.41 0.44 0.39 0.01 0.00 0.00 8.02 8.87 7.33 1.16 1.13 0.80 Clothing 1999 2000 2001 1.99 2.14 1.77 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.29 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.40 0.35 0.63 0.75 0.70 Other consumer goods 1999 2000 2001 4.26 4.90 3.99 2.30 3.41 2.19 0.40 0.51 0.45 0.02 0.03 0.03 2.59 2.63 2.15 1.68 2.26 1.80 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.10 0.19 0.13 5.32 6.53 5.79 5.15 6.75 4.94 1999 2000 2001 32.61 36.87 29.76 20.90 26.49 19.19 2.79 3.79 3.18 1.89 2.09 1.51 19.73 23.38 19.26 15.89 16.95 13.97 0.66 0.84 0.95 1.78 2.17 1.09 1.28 1.28 1.18 2.23 3.29 2.65 1.88 2.08 2.02 4.06 6.62 6.52 61.72 79.23 68.90 62.95 80.96 60.40 Appendix tables Manufactures Total merchandise a 210 Table A19 (continued) Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1999-01 - Taipei, Chinese (Billion dollars) United States exp imp exp imp Korea Rep of World b exp imp exp imp 2.66 2.67 2.45 1.03 1.22 1.02 0.55 0.55 0.53 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.90 0.99 0.84 0.53 0.62 0.49 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.15 0.25 0.22 0.25 0.27 0.21 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.09 3.01 3.51 3.23 7.78 7.89 6.99 Food 1999 2000 2001 0.31 0.30 0.33 2.10 2.02 1.89 0.81 0.97 0.80 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.72 0.78 0.70 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.04 1.63 1.82 1.75 5.01 5.01 4.72 Raw materials 1999 2000 2001 0.10 0.13 0.12 0.56 0.65 0.57 0.23 0.24 0.22 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.18 0.21 0.14 0.40 0.50 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.21 0.16 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 1.38 1.69 1.47 2.77 2.88 2.27 Mining products 1999 2000 2001 0.09 0.10 0.14 0.54 0.64 0.50 0.20 0.26 0.19 1.11 1.11 0.91 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.37 0.54 0.39 0.86 1.15 1.14 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.14 0.66 0.82 0.92 0.06 0.12 0.15 0.66 0.72 0.39 2.52 3.50 3.32 13.38 19.38 16.62 Ores and other minerals 1999 2000 2001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.29 0.28 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.17 0.14 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.17 0.26 0.19 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.15 0.19 0.15 1.46 1.78 1.61 Fuels 1999 2000 2001 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.16 0.09 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.10 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.15 0.22 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.21 0.31 0.51 0.01 0.07 0.10 0.44 0.50 0.20 1.06 1.67 1.79 8.17 13.07 11.80 Non-ferrous metals 1999 2000 2001 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.17 0.27 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.08 0.79 0.87 0.66 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.15 0.19 0.13 0.67 0.88 0.78 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.30 0.35 0.27 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.21 0.21 0.18 1.31 1.65 1.38 3.75 4.53 3.21 1999 2000 2001 30.33 34.40 27.53 15.50 20.96 14.40 10.57 15.17 11.75 28.77 36.67 24.11 18.63 21.95 18.32 12.80 13.69 11.32 24.87 29.59 27.02 1.78 1.83 1.60 2.35 3.89 4.54 3.61 5.13 4.75 2.44 3.68 3.09 6.44 8.16 6.20 115.68 141.43 119.40 87.27 110.62 81.53 Iron and steel 1999 2000 2001 0.46 0.59 0.34 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.33 0.39 0.28 1.43 1.48 1.06 0.18 0.28 0.16 0.36 0.37 0.32 1.41 1.89 1.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.21 0.30 0.38 0.64 0.27 0.09 0.12 0.08 0.25 0.22 0.18 3.52 4.60 3.78 4.24 4.71 3.00 Chemicals 1999 2000 2001 0.40 0.52 0.54 2.66 3.30 2.41 0.60 0.73 0.67 4.11 5.17 3.82 0.30 0.37 0.35 2.42 2.50 2.17 3.12 3.75 3.29 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.63 1.38 1.53 0.33 0.38 0.40 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.80 1.19 0.82 7.13 9.27 8.85 12.67 15.56 12.15 Other semimanufactures 1999 2000 2001 3.28 3.55 3.07 0.60 0.57 0.48 0.68 0.78 0.71 1.36 1.54 1.10 1.62 1.69 1.42 0.80 0.83 0.68 2.03 2.08 1.74 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.16 0.17 0.28 0.40 0.36 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.22 0.24 0.23 9.94 10.72 9.32 4.40 4.84 3.98 Machinery and transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 19.55 22.39 17.52 9.81 13.55 9.25 6.80 10.57 7.94 18.13 23.16 14.55 13.08 16.19 13.63 7.37 7.59 6.26 11.93 14.87 14.31 1.16 1.03 0.80 1.23 1.83 2.12 1.92 2.89 2.99 1.65 2.69 2.23 4.66 6.06 4.63 68.31 86.94 72.30 54.35 70.41 51.32 Power generating machinery 1999 2000 2001 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.27 0.45 0.30 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.19 0.32 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.02 0.58 0.60 0.54 0.98 1.39 0.98 Other nonelectrical machinery 1999 2000 2001 1.97 2.19 1.89 2.99 4.65 2.35 0.57 0.69 0.65 6.39 8.37 5.04 0.94 1.04 0.94 2.82 2.29 1.85 2.08 2.72 2.48 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.21 0.37 0.50 0.18 0.24 0.23 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.31 0.22 8.22 10.14 9.22 13.46 17.01 10.36 Office and telecommunication equipment 1999 2000 2001 13.12 14.82 11.54 4.33 5.66 4.42 5.29 8.57 6.16 6.99 8.96 5.30 9.66 12.17 10.39 2.64 3.21 2.25 6.90 9.07 9.15 0.88 0.71 0.59 0.72 0.97 1.09 0.77 1.30 1.48 1.25 2.17 1.76 4.10 5.19 3.91 44.77 58.07 47.85 29.17 38.72 29.05 Electrical machinery and apparatus 1999 2000 2001 2.84 3.66 2.50 0.89 1.17 0.72 0.51 0.77 0.69 2.76 3.56 2.69 1.15 1.50 1.20 0.68 0.77 0.63 2.18 2.49 2.27 0.21 0.23 0.16 0.20 0.29 0.38 0.82 1.13 1.10 0.18 0.30 0.28 0.19 0.25 0.26 9.25 12.00 9.77 6.16 7.97 6.31 Automotive products 1999 2000 2001 0.77 0.78 0.82 0.19 0.22 0.13 0.13 0.18 0.16 1.18 1.38 0.89 0.20 0.23 0.24 0.68 0.77 0.60 0.12 0.07 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.15 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.10 0.12 1.89 2.23 2.17 2.25 2.68 1.92 Other transport equipment 1999 2000 2001 0.77 0.86 0.69 1.14 1.40 1.33 0.23 0.29 0.22 0.50 0.59 0.35 1.12 1.22 0.82 0.36 0.23 0.72 0.46 0.32 0.15 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.08 0.09 0.10 3.60 3.90 2.74 2.33 2.63 2.70 Textiles 1999 2000 2001 0.69 0.66 0.62 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.32 0.37 0.31 0.33 0.34 0.24 0.57 0.52 0.42 0.18 0.17 0.12 4.25 4.48 3.67 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.12 0.18 0.19 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.23 0.25 0.19 0.17 0.18 0.13 10.91 11.90 9.90 1.48 1.45 1.03 Clothing 1999 2000 2001 1.90 2.04 1.67 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.37 0.38 0.29 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.28 0.36 0.35 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.05 2.86 3.02 2.48 0.86 0.98 0.92 Other consumer goods 1999 2000 2001 4.04 4.65 3.78 2.27 3.36 2.14 1.72 2.23 1.77 3.33 4.87 3.27 2.50 2.52 2.06 1.48 2.05 1.59 1.99 2.39 2.18 0.25 0.34 0.35 0.08 0.11 0.21 0.61 0.71 0.64 0.21 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.22 0.16 13.00 14.99 12.77 9.28 12.66 9.13 1999 2000 2001 30.88 34.98 28.18 19.78 25.21 18.20 11.82 16.68 12.98 30.65 38.61 25.79 18.85 22.21 18.54 14.47 15.51 12.82 26.34 31.44 28.72 2.10 2.19 1.85 2.55 4.24 4.90 4.53 6.24 5.91 2.60 3.92 3.37 7.21 9.00 6.70 121.50 148.73 126.24 110.95 140.24 107.08 Total merchandise a imp China 0.42 0.43 0.45 Manufactures exp Hong Kong, China 1999 2000 2001 Agricultural products imp EU (15) exp imp Appendix tables exp Japan a Includes unspecified products b Includes unspecified destinations and origins Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes 211 Table A20 Export prices of primary commodities, 1992-02 (Indices 1990=100) 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2001 Q1 Food, beverages and tobacco Food 98 97 111 118 125 122 106 89 85 84 86 Q2 83 2002 Q3 86 Q4 84 Q1 85 Q2 87 101 100 105 114 128 114 99 84 84 86 86 84 88 86 87 89 Cereals 105 98 105 123 148 114 96 84 82 86 88 85 84 84 86 87 Wheat 112 104 111 131 153 118 93 83 84 94 96 96 90 91 91 93 Maize 95 93 99 113 151 107 93 83 81 82 85 78 83 82 83 83 Rice 99 88 100 119 125 112 113 92 75 64 67 61 63 64 71 73 105 106 115 124 137 137 123 94 92 88 86 82 94 90 91 96 96 102 93 77 76 79 71 75 78 86 81 83 91 92 93 89 Vegetable oils and protein meals Meat Beef 96 102 91 74 70 72 67 72 76 83 76 79 88 88 90 84 Lamb 95 103 104 94 120 124 96 96 93 108 107 107 106 112 114 116 Sugar 83 88 99 108 101 95 81 67 74 74 81 76 72 68 64 59 Bananas 88 82 81 81 87 90 89 69 78 108 109 109 121 92 93 114 Beverages 81 86 150 151 125 165 140 110 92 75 81 77 71 70 79 80 Coffee 73 83 180 184 139 192 150 116 91 64 70 69 61 58 63 64 127 Cocoa beans 87 88 110 113 115 128 132 90 71 86 86 82 80 96 118 Tea 98 91 90 81 87 117 117 114 122 98 113 98 96 83 88 85 101 80 88 78 90 104 98 91 88 88 87 89 90 86 82 81 99 117 129 135 130 120 99 103 105 98 99 106 96 90 92 95 117 155 157 148 151 141 121 134 132 122 123 136 123 117 111 111 Tobacco Agricultural raw materials Timber Cotton 70 70 97 119 98 96 79 64 72 58 72 60 53 48 52 50 Wool 68 58 83 93 84 84 61 64 72 69 57 58 67 60 82 85 100 96 130 183 162 118 84 74 80 70 73 73 69 64 73 88 82 87 94 96 95 96 83 78 87 92 95 109 86 77 80 92 Rubber Hides and skins Jute 68 66 72 90 111 74 64 68 68 80 72 83 86 82 82 86 Sisal 71 86 85 99 121 109 115 97 82 111 99 99 93 91 93 90 75 Minerals and non-ferrous metals (excluding crude petroleum) 84 72 84 100 89 92 78 77 85 77 84 81 74 71 74 Copper 86 72 87 110 86 86 62 59 68 59 66 62 55 54 59 61 Aluminum 77 70 90 110 92 98 83 83 95 88 96 92 84 81 84 83 Iron ore 103 91 83 88 93 98 101 85 89 92 98 98 92 92 90 92 Tin 100 85 90 102 101 93 91 89 89 74 84 81 66 65 63 68 Nickel 79 60 71 93 85 78 52 68 97 67 74 76 62 58 70 79 Zinc 82 64 66 68 68 87 68 71 74 58 67 62 55 50 52 52 Lead 67 50 68 78 96 77 65 62 56 59 61 57 58 59 61 56 Fertilizers 98 83 90 99 113 114 117 112 106 100 104 106 98 100 102 101 Total of above 94 96 109 118 117 113 96 90 91 86 89 89 85 82 84 86 Crude petroleum 83 73 69 75 89 84 57 78 123 106 113 116 109 84 91 110 All primary commodities 91 90 98 107 109 105 86 87 100 91 96 97 92 83 86 92 Appendix tables Note: The indices are period averages based on dollar prices The quarterly figures are not seasonally adjusted For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes 212 Technical Notes I Composition of country groups Regions North America: Canada, United States of America, and territories in North America n.e.s Latin America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and other countries and territories in Latin America n.e.s Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia (the last five countries mentioned comprise the former Yugoslavia), and territories in Western Europe n.e.s Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the Commonwealth of Independent States (transition economies), of which Central and Eastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic; the Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Repubic, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan The grouping former USSR refers to the Baltic States and the CIS Africa, of which North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco and Tunisia; and Sub-Saharan Africa comprising: Western Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo; Central Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and Sao Tome and Principe; Eastern Africa: Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda; and Southern Africa: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe and territories in Africa n.e.s The Middle East: Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and other countries and territories in the Middle East n.e.s Asia, of which West Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; and East Asia (including Oceania): Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Fiji; Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (Hong Kong, China); Indonesia; Japan; Kiribati; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Macao, China; Malaysia; Mongolia; Myanmar; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Republic of Korea; Samoa; Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Taipei, Chinese); Singapore; Solomon Islands; Thailand; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Viet Nam and other countries and territories in Asia and the Pacific n.e.s Regional integration agreements ANDEAN: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela APEC: Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; Philippines; Russian Federation; Singapore; Taipei, Chinese; Thailand; United States of America and Viet Nam ASEAN: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam CEFTA: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and the Slovak Republic EUROPEAN UNION: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom MERCOSUR: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay NAFTA: Canada, Mexico and the United States of America SAPTA: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka Other country groups Least-developed countries: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia Six East Asian traders: Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Republic of Korea; Singapore; Taipei, Chinese and Thailand The designations used in this report not imply an expression of opinion by the Secretariat concerning either the status of any country, territory or area, or the delimitation of its frontiers II Definitions and methods II.1 Merchandise trade Exports and imports Two systems of recording merchandise exports and imports are in common use They are referred to as general trade and special trade and differ mainly in the way warehoused and reexported goods are treated General trade figures are larger than the corresponding special trade figures because the latter exclude certain trade flows, such as goods shipped through bonded warehouses To the extent possible, total merchandise trade is defined in this report according to the general trade definition It covers all types of inward and outward movement of goods through a country or territory including movements through customs warehouses and free zones Goods include all merchandise that either add to or reduce the stock of material resources of a country by entering (imports) or leaving (exports) the country’s Technical Notes This Note details the definitions, methods and sources of the statistics used in International Trade Statistics 2002 213 economic territory For further explanations, see United Nations International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, No 52, Revision Unless otherwise indicated, exports are valued at transaction value, including the cost of transportation and insurance to bring the merchandise to the frontier of the exporting country or territory (f.o.b valuation) Imports are valued at transaction value plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier of the importing country or territory (c.i.f valuation) Products All product groups are defined according to Revision of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) The following groupings are used in this report: Technical Notes A Primary products (i) Agricultural products - Food: food and live animals; beverages and tobacco; animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes; oilseeds and oleaginous fruit (SITC sections 0, 1, and division 22) - Raw materials: hides, skins and furskins, raw; crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed); cork and wood; pulp and waste paper; textile fibres and their wastes; crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s (SITC divisions 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29) (ii) Mining products - Ores and other minerals: crude fertilizers (other than those classified in chemicals) and crude minerals; metalliferous ores and metal scrap (SITC divisions 27, 28) - Fuels: (SITC section 3) - Non-ferrous metals: (SITC division 68) 214 B Manufactures: (SITC sections 5, 6, 7, minus division 68 and group 891) (i) Iron and steel: (SITC division 67) (ii) Chemicals: organic chemicals (SITC division 51); plastics (SITC divisions 57, 58); inorganic chemicals (SITC division 52); pharmaceuticals (SITC division 54); other chemicals (SITC divisions 53, 55, 56, 59) (iii) Other semi-manufactures: leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins; rubber manufactures, n.e.s.; cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture); paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard; non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.; manufactures of metals, n.e.s (SITC divisions 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 69) (iv) Machinery and transport equipment: power generating machinery; other non-electrical machinery; office machines and telecommunications equipment; electrical machinery and apparatus; automotive products; other transport equipment (SITC section 7) - Power generating machinery: power generating machinery and equipment minus internal combustion piston engines, and parts thereof, n.e.s (SITC division 71 minus group 713) - Other non-electrical machinery: machinery specialized for particular industries; metalworking machinery; general industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s (SITC divisions 72, 73, 74) - Office machines and telecommunications equipment: office machines and automatic data processing machines; telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment; thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes (SITC divisions 75, 76 and group 776) - Electrical machinery and apparatus: electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof; minus thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes; minus electrical equipment, n.e.s., for internal combustion engines and vehicles, and parts thereof (SITC division 77 minus group 776 and subgroup 7783) - Automotive products: motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than public transport type vehicles) including station wagons and racing cars; motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles; road motor vehicles, n.e.s.; parts and accessories of motor vehicles and tractors; internal combustion piston engines for vehicles listed above; electrical equipment, n.e.s., for internal combustion engines and vehicles, and parts thereof (SITC groups 781, 782, 783, 784, and subgroups 7132, 7783) - Other transport equipment: other transport equipment (railway vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, ships and boats, and associated parts and equipment); motorcycles and cycles, motorized and non-motorized; trailers and semitrailers, other vehicles (not mechanically propelled), and specially designed and equipped transport containers; internal combustion piston engines for aircraft, and parts thereof, n.e.s.; internal combustion piston engines, marine propulsion; internal combustion piston engines, n.e.s.; parts, n.e.s., for internal combustion piston engines listed above (SITC division 79, groups 785, 786, and subgroups 7131, 7133, 7138, 7139) (v) Textiles: (SITC division 65) (vi) Clothing: (SITC division 84) (vii) Other consumer goods: household articles, travel goods, footwear, instruments and apparatus, photography, optical goods, watches and clocks, and other manufactured articles, n.e.s (SITC divisions 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89 excluding group 891, arms and ammunition) Of which furniture (SITC division 82), travel goods (SITC division 83), footwear (SITC division 85), and toys and games (SITC group 894) C Other products: commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere (including gold); arms and ammunition (SITC section and group 891) World trade network The world merchandise trade network by region and product from which Appendix tables A2 and A8 are derived is based on export data The network is constructed in the following way: First, total merchandise exports from each of the seven regions are aggregated from individual country figures published in Appendix table A4 Next, the total merchandise exports of each region are distributed by destination and then by product The regional and commodity breakdown is based on UNSD, Comtrade database, OECD, Monthly Statistics of International Trade, EUROSTAT, national statistics and Secretariat estimates During this process, the principal adjustments to the figures are as follows: (i) Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are re-allocated from each region’s exports to Latin America and Africa to “unspecified destinations” (a category not shown separately) (ii) China’s exports are adjusted to approximate their final destination Merchandise trade of selected major traders by product, region and major trading partner (Appendix tables A9 to A18) These tables are derived from UNSD Comtrade and Eurostat For trade by product, world totals include shipments which have not been distinguished by origin or destination For trade by region and partner, world totals include goods which have not been specified by product The following adjustment has been made to the figures: Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are re-allocated from each economy’s exports to Latin America and Africa to “unspecified destinations” (a category not shown separately) The selection of each reporter’s major trading partners is based on a ranking of total trade (exports plus imports) of each reporter with their trading partners in 2001 (member States of the EU are counted as one trading partner) Merchandise trade in balance of payments statistics Merchandise trade statistics together with other basic statistical systems (such as industrial and transport statistics) provide the foundation for the system of national accounts (SNA) and the balance of payments (BOP) Merchandise trade statistics are basic to the compilation of the goods account in the balance of payments as structured and defined in the fifth edition of the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5) Goods (merchandise) are defined in the SNA as “physical objects for which a demand exists, over which ownership rights can be established and whose ownership can be transferred from one institutional unit to another by engaging in transactions on markets” Thus, for the SNA and BOP statistics the recording of transactions should be based on the change of ownership principle However, the compilation of international merchandise trade statistics (ITS) is usually based on customs records which essentially reflect the physical movement of goods across borders, and follow international guidelines on concepts and definitions which not fully conform to the principles of the SNA and the BPM5 A number of adjustments has to be made to international merchandise trade statistics before they match the specific requirements of national accounts and balance of payments statistics For aggregate exports and imports these adjustments are mainly related to coverage, the system of trade, and valuation With respect to coverage, the ITS in most instances conforms with the BPM5 Differences remain for the following cases: (i) transactions that represent services transactions (e.g blueprints, videos, and tapes) should be valued in ITS at the value of the material in which they are incorporated, while under BPM5 these transactions should be excluded from goods and included, at market value, in services; (ii) transactions in which one or both national boundaries are not crossed (e.g trade in vessels and aircraft, exports of bunkers, etc.) are not always included in ITS for practical reasons, whereas they are usually included in BOP statistics; (iii) goods under the improvement and repair trade regime should be excluded from ITS, but they are to be included at the value of the repair under the BPM5 Concerning the system of trade, the ITS guidelines outline the measurement of trade flows on the basis of (1) the special trade system and (2) the general trade system Under the special trade system, the customs frontier is regarded as the statistical boundary whereas, under the general system of trade, the national frontier is regarded as the statistical boundary The BPM5 stresses that measurement for BOP compilation should be based on change of ownership rather than on the general trade system or the special trade system The general trade system appears to be a better proxy for measuring change of ownership because it provides broader coverage and the date of change of ownership may be closer to the date goods cross the national frontier than to the date goods clear through customs As far as valuation is concerned, the issue that affects most data comparability concerns the point of valuation, namely, whether goods are valued at the importer’s border – that is at the c.i.f value – or at the f.o.b value at the exporter’s border ITS guidelines recommend the adoption of the c.i.f valuation for imports whereas BPM5 requires the f.o.b valuation Additional adjustments may be made by BOP compilers to conform to the BPM5 requirement for a market price for valuing trade, processing trade, and with respect to currency conversion Once adjusted, merchandise trade is recorded in the goods category of the current account, along with services, income, and current transfers Therefore, within the balance of payments framework transactions in both goods and services are harmonized and provide for comparable statistical series, as in Table I.8 Strictly speaking, it is not correct to aggregate the figures for commercial services and merchandise shown elsewhere in this report It should be noted that some countries still apply the concepts of the fourth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, and thus not include goods for processing and goods procured in port carriers in the goods account II.2 Trade in commercial services Exports and imports Exports (credits) and imports (debits) of commercial services are derived from statistics on international service transactions included in the balance of payments statistics, in conformity with the concepts, definitions and classification of the fourth (1977) or fifth (1993) edition of the IMF Balance of Payments Manual Definition of commercial services In the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, the current account is subdivided into goods, services (including government services, n.i.e.), income (investment income and compensation of employees), and current transfers The commercial services category in this report is defined as being equal to services minus government services, n.i.e Commercial services is further sub-divided into transport, travel, and other commercial services Transport covers all transportation services (sea, air and other – including land, internal waterway, space and pipeline) that are performed by residents of one economy for those of another, and that involve the carriage of passengers, the movement of goods (freight), rentals (charters) of carriers with crew, and related supporting and auxiliary services Travel includes goods and services acquired by personal travellers, for health, education or other purposes, and by business travellers Unlike other services, travel is not a specific type of service, but an assortment of goods and services consumed by travellers The most common goods and services covered are lodging, food and beverages, entertainment and transportation (within the economy visited), gifts and souvenirs Other commercial services corresponds to the following components defined in BPM5: Technical Notes (iii) Exports of non-monetary gold, where known, are included When they cannot be broken down by destination, they are allocated to “unspecified destinations” 215 communication services (telecommunications, postal and courier services); (ii) construction services; (iii) insurance services; (iv) financial services; (v) computer and information services (including news agency services); (vi) royalties and licence fees, covering payments and receipts for the use of intangible non-financial assets and proprietary rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises; (vii) other business services, comprising trade related services, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneous business, professional and technical services such as legal, accounting, management consulting, public relations services, advertising, market research and public opinion polling, research and development services, architectural, engineering, and other technical services, agricultural, mining and on-site processing; and (viii) personal, cultural, and recreational services including audiovisual services Technical Notes (i) 216 Coverage and comparability Although in recent years the coverage and comparability of services trade data have improved, recorded trade figures still lack comparability across countries and are subject to significant distortions First, some countries not collect statistics for certain service categories Second, some service transactions are simply not registered If central bank records are used, situations where no financial intermediaries are employed are not counted In the case of surveys, the coverage of trading establishments is often incomplete A particularly serious problem is that services transmitted electronically are frequently unregistered, especially when the transactions take place within multinational corporations Third, statistics may be reported on a net rather than on a gross basis, often as a result of compensation arrangements such as in rail transport or in communication services Fourth, the alternate sources used for countries which are not members of the IMF not necessarily comply with the IMF concepts and definitions Fifth, misclassification of transactions may lead to an underestimation of commercial services when service transactions are registered as income, transfers or trade in merchandise rather than trade in services or, conversely, to an overestimation of commercial services when transactions pertaining to income, transfers or official transactions are registered in the private service categories These distortions may be particularly significant at the detailed level, i.e., for a detailed service category, or for trade flows by origin and destination The implementation of BPM5 will result in an improvement of country comparability over time However, given that these improvements are being made gradually, they also result in a number of breaks in series The borderline between goods and services, as well as the borderlines between the components of commercial services differ in BPM4 and BPM5 Examples of such differences are: (i) most processing transactions are included under goods on a gross basis in BPM5, while in BPM4 only the value of the fees paid for processing are included in services; (ii) goods procured in ports, such as fuels and provisions, are included in goods in BPM5, and in services (transport) in BPM4; (iii) in BPM4, insurance services are normally measured by the net premiums defined as premiums less claims, while in BPM5, insurance services reflects the “normal” service charge, i.e administrative services and part of the earnings; the rest of the net premiums or the actual risk premiums is recorded under current transfers or in the financial account in case of life insurance; in addition, freight insurance is part of transport in BPM4, and part of insurance services in BPM5; and (iv) the expenditure of seasonal and border workers is included in labour income in BPM4, and in travel in BPM5 II.3 Other definitions and methods Annual changes Throughout this report, average annual percentage changes are analogous to compound interest rates In calculating the average annual rate of change between 1990 and 2000, for example, data for calendar year 1990 were taken as the beginning point, and data for calendar year 2000 as the end point Commodity prices Commodity price movements are primarily described by indices largely based on spot market prices, and therefore exclude transactions governed by longer-term contracts Price indices for such commodities as food, beverages, agricultural raw materials, minerals, non-ferrous metals, fertilizers and crude petroleum are obtained from IMF International Financial Statistics Aggregates for all primary commodities and for nonfuel primary commodities are calculated using IMF weights Merchandise trade volume and unit value indices The volume and unit value indices are taken from a range of different international and national sources The reported volume and unit value indices may not always be available for the most recent years or may differ in product coverage from the corresponding value indices Aggregation of the indices to obtain a world total is a twotier process First, export and import unit values are adjusted to the extent possible for differences in coverage and, in cases of missing data, completed with Secretariat estimates They are then aggregated to obtain regional totals The volume index for each region is obtained by dividing the respective trade value index for each region by the corresponding regional unit value index Second, to obtain the total world merchandise volume index, regional unit value indices are aggregated and the world trade value is deflated by the world unit value index Throughout the aggregation process trade values of the previous year are used as weights World production Production of agriculture, mining and manufacturing is defined according to major Divisions 1, and of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) World production in these sectors is estimated by combining production indices published by the FAO, IMF, OECD, UNIDO and UNSD The world index is derived through aggregation of the three sectors by using value added shares in 1990 as weights World gross domestic product World GDP growth is estimated as a weighted average of economies’ real GDP growth The weights used are shares of economies in 1990 world nominal GDP converted to dollars at market exchange rates The use of official exchange rates which are not market-based for some major economies, together with the fluctuations of the United States dollar vis-à-vis major currencies can have a Re-exports Under the system of general trade adopted in this report, reexports are included in total merchandise trade (see Section II.1) However, in the case of Hong Kong, China, the magnitude of its re-exports (amounting in 2001 to $171 billion), if included in regional or world aggregates, would adversely affect the analytical value of the statistics by introducing a significant element of double counting Therefore, Hong Kong, China’s reexports are excluded from the world and from Asia aggregates (unless otherwise indicated); only Hong Kong, China’s domestic exports and retained imports are included in the totals For this reason, the figures for world exports and for exports of Asia shown in Appendix tables A2 and A8 are smaller than those in Appendix table A4 Since retained imports cannot be identified from imports directly, an approximation is derived by subtracting the value of re-exports from the value of imports The resulting figure will, however, under-estimate the value of retained imports by the amount of the re-export margin III Country specific notes Merchandise trade statistics of the European Union Beginning with this year’s report, EU data compiled according to national statistical practices have been replaced starting 1993 with data compiled by Eurostat in accordance with EU legislation The concepts and definitions adopted by the EU are in line with the United Nations’ International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, No 52, Revision As a result, the conceptual differences between EU member states’ data have been substantially reduced Moreover, for the EU as a whole, Eurostat data are more timely than the previous source, thus reducing substantially the amount of estimation included in the EU aggregate Since January 1993, statistics on the trade between the member States of the EU have been collected through the “Intrastat” system (see GATT 1994, International Trade Trends and Statistics) The coverage of this system, which relies on reports submitted by firms for transactions above a minimum value, is not as wide as the previous one, which was based on customs declarations This is particularly noticeable on the import side For example, prior to the adoption of the Intrastat system, reported intra-EU imports (c.i.f.) closely matched reported intraEU exports (f.o.b.) However, from 1993 onwards, the reported value of intra-EU imports has been on average around 3% lower than the value of intra-EU exports, indicating a substantial under-reporting of intra-EU imports As a result of this inconsistency, the Secretariat has substituted intra-EU exports data for intra-EU imports at the aggregate EU level when estimating regional and world totals However, this adjustment is not allocated between EU member countries Hence, the sum of reported imports of individual EU members does not add to the figure for EU imports as a whole This adjustment is also reflected in the volume estimates for the EU as a whole Merchandise trade of Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS Throughout the 1990’s economic and political upheavals in the region led to valuation problems when converting national currencies to dollars, disruptions in the statistical reporting systems, and changes in the statistical territories of various economies in the region This has resulted in many breaks in data continuity The main ones are as follows: Between 1989 and 1990, for Bulgaria and the former USSR, due to the conversion into dollars at official, market-oriented exchange rates, replacing the earlier practice of using implicit conversion factors Valuation problems are discussed in more detail in Box in Volume I of International Trade 1990-91 and in Box in Volume I of International Trade 1989-90 Between 1995 and 1996 for the Baltic States and the CIS, due to the inclusion of their mutual exchanges Between 1995 and 1996 for the Czech Republic, due to the exclusion of aircrafts and the movements of ships through inward processing zones, as well as the exclusion of temporary exports and imports Between 1998 and 1999 for Estonia, due to the change from the general to the special system of trade Between 1994 and 1995 for the Ukraine, due to a change in data collection procedures Between 1996 and 1997 for the Slovak Republic, and between 1997 and 1998 for Poland, due to the introduction of new arrangements in customs procedures to harmonize with the standards of the European Union With respect to the Russian Federation, considerable uncertainty remains about the accuracy of foreign trade statistics, especially as regards imports A large proportion of the reported data on imports consists of official estimates of inflows of goods which enter the country without being registered by the customs authorities Such adjustments to import data accounted for 23% of the officially reported totals in 2001; and, on the export side, for about 4% of total reported exports IV Statistical sources Most frequently used sources for statistics are: EUROSTAT, Comext database FAO, Production Yearbook FAO, FAOSTAT Agriculture database IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics IMF, International Financial Statistics IMF, World Economic Outlook database OECD, Main Economic Indicators OECD, Monthly Statistics of International Trade OECD, National Accounts OECD/IEA, Energy Prices & Taxes UNECE, Economic Survey of Europe UNECLAC, Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean UNIDO, National Accounts Statistics Database UNSD, Comtrade database UNSD, International Trade Statistics Yearbook UNSD, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics World Bank, World Development Indicators Technical Notes significant impact on the weighting pattern The increasing use of weights based on purchasing power parities (PPP) by other international organizations is meant to attenuate “anomalies” linked to these factors In a period of widely diverging growth rates among countries and regions, the choice of the weighting pattern can have a marked influence on the global growth estimate For the 1990-2000 period, global growth estimates based on PPP-weights indicate a significantly faster growth than estimates using weights based on GDP data measured at market exchange rates This is because of differences in the two weighting patterns Relative to weights based on GDP at market exchange rates, PPP weights are low for the transition economies – especially the successor States of the former USSR with a poor growth record, and high for major developing countries (in particular China) with above average growth 217 Technical Notes These sources are supplemented by national publications and Secretariat estimates Figures for total merchandise trade are largely derived from IMF, International Financial Statistics Data on merchandise trade by origin, destination and product come mainly from the UNSD Comtrade database Some inconsistencies in the aggregate export and import data for the same country or territory between the two sources are inevitable These can be attributed to the use of different systems of recording trade, to the way in which IMF and UNSD have converted data expressed in national currencies into dollars, and revisions which can be more readily incorporated in the IMF data Statistics on trade in commercial services are mainly drawn from the IMF Balance of Payments Statistics For countries that not report to the IMF (e.g., Macao, China; and Taipei, Chinese) data are drawn from national sources Estimations for missing data are mainly based on national statistics Statistics on 218 trade in commercial services by origin and destinations (Tables III.6 and III.7) are also derived from national statistics GDP series in current dollars are mainly derived from the World Bank World Development Indicators, supplemented in some cases with statistics from the IMF World Economic Outlook database Acknowledgements are due to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the United Nations Statistics Division, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the World Bank whose assistance in supplying advance copies of their publications as well as other information has greatly facilitated the work of the Secretariat Acknowledgements are also due to national institutions for providing advance statistics ... ISBN 92-870-1225-3 Printed in France XI -2002- 3,000 © World Trade Organization 2002 Table of Contents World Trade developments in 2001 and Prospects for 2002 ... imports, 1993-2001 (Annual percentage change in volume terms) 30 World Trade Developments in 2001 and Prospects for 2002 World Trade Developments in 2001 and Prospects for 2002 25 20 Capital goods... IMF, WEO April 2002, p 10 For world trade, however, the decrease in 2001 was stronger than ten years ago but still smaller than in 1975 and 1982 BIS, Annual Report 2002 The IMF reports that for