nmr spectra of polymers and polymer additives

[...]... propylene copolymers The presence of these comonomers can be detected based on their distinct pattern of resonances II.B.3— Polymers and Copolymers of Other 1-Olefins There are also commercially available homopolymers and copolymers made from higher 1-alkenes, such as 1butene, 3-methyl-1-propene (isobutylene), and 4-methyl-1-pentene Although they are manufactured in lower volumes than the ethylene- and propylene-based... Guelph: CFC Press, 1983 14 B C Gerstein and C Dybowski Transient Techniques in NMR of Solids: An Introduction to Theory and Practice New York, Academic Press, 1985 15 C Dybowski and A J Brandolini NMR spectroscopy of solid polymer systems, In: S J Spells, ed Recent Advances in the Characterization of Polymers, London: Chapman & Hall, 1994 16 L J Mathias Solid-State NMR of Polymers New York: Plenum Press,... Blocky and random copolymers are the most common In block copolymers, the length of the block segments can influence properties In ''random" copolymers, the exact distribution of the comonomers (called the sequence distribution) is a consequence of the polymerization conditions The sequences can be statistically random (Bernoullian), for which the distribution is a function only of the relative amount of. .. Structure and Conformation of Macromolecules New York: Academic Press, 1982 18 J C Randall Polymer Sequence Determination: Carbon-13 NMR Method New York: Academic Press, 1977 19 A E Tonelli NMR Spectroscopy and Polymer Microstructure: The Conformational Connection New York: VCH Publishers, 1989 20 H N Cheng NMR characterization of polymers, In: H G Barth and J W Mays, eds., Modern Methods of Polymer. .. and ethylene copolymers and derivatives; (B) polypropylene and propylene copolymers and derivatives; and (C) polymers and copolymers based on other 1-olefins Many of these polymers, particularly those in categories (A) and (B) are commodity resins, with 1994 U.S production topping 35 billion lb (15.9 billion kg) [1] Most are semicrystalline and exhibit distinct melting points Others are thermoplastic... alone Blends of linear, high-density polyethylene and LLDPE, or blends of two different LLDPE resins containing the same comonomer, are indistinguishable based on the 13C NMR spectrum II.B.2— Propylene Polymers and Copolymers In polypropylene, one of the R groups shown in Structure A is a methyl group; the other is hydrogen: E The main 13C spectral features of polypropylene and propylene copolymers are... I.D— Practical Considerations for NMR of Polymers Because of the large size of a polymer chain relative to that of a typical organic molecule, the sample preparation procedure and spectrometer parameters used in acquiring the NMR spectra of polymers are slightly different from those used for small molecules These operational concerns are particularly important if the spectral intensities are to be interpreted... 1988 5 F W Wehrli, A P Marchand, and S Wehrli Interpretation of Carbon-13 NMR Spectra Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1988 6 E Breitmaier and W Voelter Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy New York: VCH Publishers, 1987 7 R R Ernst, G Bodenhausen, and A Wokaun Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonances in One and Two Dimensions Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987 8 R K Harris and B E Mann NMR and the Periodic Table London:... overnight Spectra of these polymers are typically recorded at high temperature (120–150°C) to ensure high-resolution spectra Lower-MW samples are often soluble at room temperature in solvents such as chloroform-d or benzene-d6 [3], and their spectra can be acquired at ambient to moderate (50–60°C) temperatures It is fairly easy to achieve quantitative 13C spectral accumulation conditions for this group of polymers. .. stabilizing additives help maintain the material's properties by limiting processing or environmental damage I.C— NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers This section will assume a basic understanding of the Fourier-transform NMR experiment, and will deal only with the application of NMR spectroscopy to polymer structural analysis For a more complete treatment, several excellent references are available [4–12] Most of . further information on polymers [1–3], NMR [4–12], or more specifically, NMR of polymers [17–23]. I.B— An Overview of Polymer Structures Commercially important synthetic polymers belong to many. nearly 300 polymers and polymer additives but also pragmatic advice relevant to acquiring and interpreting NMR spectra of these materials. We hope that the result will be useful to NMR specialists.