addressing the world national identity and internet country code domains

[...]... top-level domains, including both the generic domains- such as corn, net, or org -and country code top-level domains (ccTLDs).“ Each of these servers is assigned a letter from A to M For example, the Internet Software Consortium operates the “F Root Server,” and the server in London is called the “K Root Server.” More than three-quarters of these servers are located in the United States, and the rest... frequently, Postel subtly pushed the contenders to settle the disputes among themselves.I6 Once an administrator was selected, each manager was designated the trustee of the top-level domain for both the nation, in the case of a country code, and the global Internet cornm~nity.”’~ Postel said that concerns about rights and ownership of domains were inappropriate, that managers and others should instead be... registered in either the United Nations Terminology Bulletin Country Names” or the United Nations Statistics Division’s Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use.” Those listed in Country Names” are either a UN member country, a member of one of its specialized agencies, or a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice Once a country name or territory name appears in either of these two... developed, they were managed by volunteers and had no real value outside of academia As the Internet became more commercial and governments saw a larger stake in their national codes, however, more attention was paid not only to the governance of the codes but also to what websites were allowed in their name spaces When Postel et al first created the ccTLDs, they turned over management of the codes to... his delegation and administration p01icy.’~It stated, first and foremost, that there must be a designated manager for supervising the ccTLD name space and that the administrative contact must reside in the country Because the manager is the “trustee” for both the nation and the global Internet community, the manager must be equitable to all those who request domain names In addition, the manager must... determining which entities should be and should not be on that list.” Because it is the list that is the foundation for the actual two-letter codes, because it is the list that has the power to embolden a nation with a code, we must fully understand how nations are added to the list and how the interested parties have used the list to acquire national domain endings The IS0 3166-1 is used not only to... Under a contract with the U.S government, Postel and later IANA managed the DNS and delegated ccTLDs to foreign managers.’ The first ccTLD, us, was created and delegated in March 1985 (see chapter 11).* Two other delegations, uk (for the United Kingdom) and il (for Israel), followed in the same year In the very beginning, many countries were not connected to the Internet backbone and, therefore, had no... (ISO), an international association of national standard-setting bodies, their objectivity successfully shielded IANA from the political pressure of deciding what was and what was not a country Although the use of IS0 3166-1 codes appears systematic and well planned, the uk ccTLD betrayed the ad hoc nature of early ccTLD policymaking.I2 The I S 0 3166-1 country code for the United Kingdom is gb (for “Great... 13,20021,Of note, the I S 0 is located in Switzerland; its ccTLD is ch, the code for Switzerland (Because Switzerland has four national languages, each of which spells the nation differently, Swiss coins, license plates, and domain names refer to the Latin name “Confoederatio Helvetica” [Swiss Confederation], hence ch.) 22 “ I S 0 3166- 1and Country Coded Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs),” International Organization... domain names and view the registrant’s contact and network information Of notable interest is the final section of the report, which advocates the adoption of the UDRP in the absence of any contrary local privacy regulat i o n ~The~ ~ UDRP was introduced in October 1999 It sets forth the terms and conditions related to a dispute between the registrant and a third party over the registration and use of .