Conceptual metaphors of life in british novels in the 21st century

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF LIFE IN BRITISH NOVELS IN THE 21st CENTURY (Ẩn dụ ý niệm cuộc sống tiểu thuyết nước Anh của thế kỷ 21 ) NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG LIÊN Field: English Language Code: 22 02 01 Hanoi – 2022 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF LIFE IN BRITISH NOVELS IN THE 21st CENTURY (Ẩn dụ ý niệm cuộc sống tiểu thuyết nước Anh của thế kỷ 21 ) NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG LIÊN Field: English Language Code: 22 02 01 Supervisor: Dr Tran Thi Le Dung Hanoi – 2022 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled “Conceptual Metaphors of Life in British Novels in the 21st Century” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Language Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2022 Nguyễn Thị Hồng Liên Approved by SUPERVISOR Trần Thị Lệ Dung Date: …………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It has been a long journey for me to finish my thesis There are also many people who walked along with me to support and motivate me during the time of doing the research First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Ms Tran Thi Le Dung, Ph D., my supervisor, who has patiently and constantly supported me through the stages of the study, and whose stimulating ideas, expertise, and suggestions have inspired me greatly through my growth as an academic researcher My thanks also go to all my lecturers at Hanoi Open University for their precious knowledge which lay the foundation for this study, my colleagues and many others whose support and encouragement help me to have this thesis accomplished Last but not least, I am greatly indebted to my family and friends for their patience, endless love, and devotion Whatever choices I have made, they have always stood by me and believed in me I am immensely thankful for all the assistance they have given to me ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii ABSTRACT iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 1.2.1 Aims of the study 1.2.2 Objectives of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Methods of the study .2 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Significance of the study 1.7 Structure of the study .5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .6 2.1 Previous studies .6 2.2 Metaphor 2.2.1 Definition of metaphor 2.2.2 Metaphor in cognitive semantics 11 2.3 Conceptual metaphor 13 2.3.1 Classifications of conceptual metaphors 15 2.3.1.1 Structural metaphors 16 2.3.1.2 Ontological Metaphors .17 2.3.1.3 Orientational metaphors 18 2.3.2 Conceptual metaphor domain 20 2.3.2.1 Source domain 20 2.3.2.2 Target domain 21 2.4 Novels and life .21 2.4.1 Novels 21 2.4.2 Conceptual metaphor of life 23 iii 2.5 Summary 24 CHAPTER 3: CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF LIFE IN BRITISH NOVELS 25 3.1 British Novel Presentation 25 3.1.1 Half Broken Things 25 3.1.2 Millennium People 25 3.1.3 Black Butterfly 25 3.1.4 Wolf Hall 26 3.1.5 Me before You 26 3.1.6 Oblivion .26 3.1.7 Life after Life .27 3.1.8 The Unexpected Consequences of Love .27 3.1.9 The Girl on the Train 27 3.2 Structural metaphors of life in the selected British novels 28 3.2.1 LIFE IS A JOURNEY 28 3.2.2 LIFETIME IS PASSING OF TIME 32 3.2.3 LIFE IS A STORY .35 3.2.4 LIFE IS A WAR 37 3.2.5 LIFE IS A GAME .40 3.2.6 Summary of structural metaphors 41 3.3 Ontological metaphors of life in the selected British novels .42 3.3.1 LIFE IS AN ENTITY 42 3.3.2 LIFE IS A CONTAINER 45 3.3.3 LIFE IS A PERSONAL POSSESSION .46 3.3.4 LIFE IS A PERSON 48 3.3.5 LIFE IS A MACHINE 50 3.3.6 Summary of ontological metaphors 52 3.4 Summary 52 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION 54 4.1 Recapitulation 54 4.2 Concluding remarks .54 4.3 Limitations of the research 55 4.4 The implications 55 4.4.1 Implications for teachers 56 iv 4.4.2 Implications for learners .57 4.5 Recommendations and suggestions for further research 57 REFERENCES .58 APPENDICES 61 v ABSTRACT In this study, life metaphors in contemporary British novels are examined conceptually in the framework theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980/2003), Kovecses (2002) The structural and ontological metaphors used in the thesis will be examined to determine how they represent the authors' views on life The study is mainly carried out through the documentary analysis and descriptive study with the support of qualitative and quantitative approach Alternatively said, the lines of books serve as the research's data source According to the study's findings, there are ten conceptual metaphors that are employed to describe life They are journey, passing of time, a story, a war, a game, an entity, a container, a personal possession, a person and a machine Each of these ten conceptual metaphor source domains has its own distinct view of what life is The source domains demonstrate how the abstraction of life might be expressed in more precise conceptual metaphoric domains Finally, the study concluded by demonstrating the presence of conceptual metaphor in daily life Thus, it is crucial and helpful to learn mental metaphor and apply it in daily life Besides, it not only aids students while they learn English but also enables them to more readily reach the outside world and broaden their knowledge of several languages iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CM: Conceptual Metaphor SM: Structural Metaphor OM: Ontological Metaphor OrM: Orientational Metaphor SD: Source Domain TD: Target Domain v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: 21st century’s selected British novels Table 2: Frequency of Structural Metaphors denoting LIFE .41 Table 3: Frequency of Ontological Metaphors denoting LIFE 52 Figure Types and frequency of CM in British novels in 21st century 53 vi it works in teaching language as well as in everyday language Thus, a good knowledge of these metaphors will contribute greatly to an effective understanding of novel contents In fact, conceptual metaphors have not been valued properly in teaching and learning English and Vietnamese as a foreign language In the following we will find out how conceptual metaphors used in novels could be applied in teaching and learning conceptual metaphors in English and Vietnamese 4.4.1 Implications for teachers Analysis of conceptual metaphors was initiated by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) who note that metaphor pervades everyday language as human thoughts and actions The nature of its mechanism is to capture and convey a typically more abstract concept in terms of another, which is directly emergent By establishing a set of correspondences between the two domains involved, we can achieve metaphorical understanding Therefore, it might cause some difficulties for English learners when working with documents or materials related to conceptual metaphors denoting life, in particular To solve this problem, teachers should grasp the conceptual metaphor theory expertly and be good at summarizing the new conceptual metaphors they encounter during the teaching process This research is carried out in the hope to partly improve teachers’ metaphorical competence First of all, teachers should make their students aware of the popularity and significance of metaphors in our daily life Then let them inspired with the nature of conceptual metaphors in general and conceptual metaphor in novels in particular to teach conceptual semantics more effectively and interestingly Next, there is a relationship between metaphor and human thinking process Thus, it is hard for learners to understand and use conceptual metaphors because of their limited awareness and experience It means that the learners who experience much in life and are good at perceptual imagination will find it easy to understand these images In contrast, the others who are lack of life experiences and perceptual imagination will find these conceptually metaphoric images difficult Therefore, in order to help learners understand conceptual metaphors, teachers should provide them with the mechanism of transferring meaning from the source domain to the target domain Therefore, the correspondence between the two domains could be found out through the mapping connecting the source domain and the target domain As a result, learners could find it simple to comprehend the meaning behind these metaphorically conceptual images 56 Lastly, metaphor is considered to be a common language phenomenon which reflects different cultural models used in different languages and the structure of conceptual metaphors can vary from culture to culture Thus, teachers should provide students with knowledge of culture for the explanation In general, when teaching and learning conceptual metaphors, it is very important to take factors surrounding language into consideration 4.4.2 Implications for learners Firstly, metaphor can aid the development of reading skills Empirically Boers (2000) found that students who had access to the original literal use of the figurative vocabulary were better at figuring out the author‘s opinion than those provided with synonyms of the target language items Therefore, after reading this research, students may have a basis knowledge about conceptual metaphor theory and understand more about the representations of conceptual metaphors denoting life in English and Vietnamese, which facilitates their process of reading other materials related to this field, and as a result, benefit their reading comprehension in general Secondly, thanks to understanding metaphorical expressions in both languages, leaners will become more interested into reading original texts or works in English, which creates a great opportunity to broaden their vocabulary source especially figurative expressions Working with metaphorical language, learners can understand the making of meaning and sense, and thus can acquire an effective way of learning to improve their language proficiency To sum up, we hope that this thesis will be the inspiration for the others who care about conceptual metaphors, especially the metaphors of “life” to take more researches to make it better 4.5 Recommendations and suggestions for further research The study has mainly focused on the conceptual metaphors of LIFE in 21st century British novels in terms of cognitive linguistics Besides, the research has concentrated on analyzing the conceptual metaphors of LIFE in novels, not in other forms of art such as poetry, films Therefore, this would leave some possibilities for further research into: - A study of conceptual metaphors of life in 21st century’s English songs - A study of conceptual metaphors of life in English poetry or films 57 REFERENCES English Croft, W & Cruse, D A (2004) Cognitive Linguistics Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Evans, V., and Green, M (2006) Cognitive linguistics an introduction Edinburg University Press Gibbs, R W & Steen, G J (1999) Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Gibbs, R W Jr (2008) Conceptual metaphor analysis Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press Goatly, A (2011) The language of metaphors, Routledge, London, pp 1093 Hoey, M and D Houghton 1998 Contrastive analysis and translation In M Baker (ed., assisted by K Malmkjær), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies London & New York, 45-49 Hornby, A S (2000) Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Sixth Edition Oxford: Oxford University Press Issac, M 2006 Conceptual Metaphor in English and Shona: A cross-linguistics and cross-cultural study Africa: University of South Africa Johnson, M 1987 The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination and Reason Chicago: Chicago University Press 10 Kennedy, X J and D Gioia (2007) Literature: an introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, and writing (10th Ed) New York: Pearson Longman 11 Kövecses, Z (1986) Metaphors of anger, pride and love: A lexical approach to the structure of concepts Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins 12 Kövecses, Z (1995/2007) Language and emotion concepts Oxford University Press 13 Kövecses, Z (2002/2010) Metaphor: A practical introduction New York: Oxford University Press 14 Kövecses, Z (2003) Language, figurative thought, and cross-cultural comparison Metaphor and Symbol, 18(4), 311–320 58 15 Kövecses, Z (2003) Metaphor and emotion: language, culture, and body in human feeling Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press 16 Kövecses, Z (2010) Metaphor: A Practical Introduction Oxford: Oxford University Press 17 Lakoff, G & Johnson, M (1980) Metaphors We Live By Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, Ltd 18 Lakoff, G & Kövecses, Z (1987) The cognitive model of anger inherent in American English In D Holland & N Quinn (Eds.), Cultural Models in Language and Thought (pp 195–221) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 19 Lakoff, G & Turner, M (1989) More than Cool Reason: A field guide to poetic metaphor Chicago: University of Chicago Press 20 Lakoff, G & Johnson, M (1980/2003) Metaphors we live by Chicago: The University of Chicago Press Vietnamese Đinh Thị Mai Anh (2016), An investigation into conceptual metaphors denoting “life” in American and Vietnamese short stories from 1975 to 1991” Ha Noi: University of Foreign Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University Huỳnh Ngọc Mai Kha (2015), Nghiên cứu đối chiếu thành ngữ có từ ‘Nước’ ‘Lửa’ tiếng Việt tiếng Anh từ lý thuyết ẩn dụ tri nhận, Luận án Tiến sĩ, Học viện Khoa học xã hội Lê Thị Khánh Hòa (2012), An investigation into conceptual metaphors denoting love in American and Vietnamese romantic novels from 2008 to 2013 Ha Noi: University of Foreign Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University Lý Toàn Thắng (2005), Ngôn ngữ học tri nhận – Từ lý thuyết đại cương đến thực tiễn tiếng Việt, Nxb Phương Đông, Tp Hờ Chí Minh Lý Tồn Thắng (2009), Ngơn ngữ học tri nhận từ lý thuyết đại cương đến thực tiễn tiếng Việt, (tái có sửa chữa bổ sung), Nxb Giáo dục Việt Nam, Hà Nội Nguyễn Đức Tồn (2008), Đặc trưng tư người Việt qua ẩn dụ tri nhận 59 thành ngữ [The characteristics of Vietnamese thinking through Cognitive Linguistics expressed in idioms] Linguistic Journal, Trần Văn Cơ (2007), Ngôn ngữ học tri nhận (Suy nghĩ ghi chép), Nxb Khoa học xã hội, Hà Nội Trần Văn Cơ (2009), Khảo luận ẩn dụ tri nhận, Nxb Lao động, Hà Nội 60 APPENDICES CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF LIFE IN BRITISH NOVELS IN THE 21st CENTURY APPENDIX 1: STRUCTURAL METAPHOR STRUCTURAL METAPHORS Novel LIFE IS A JOURNEY Extract - Suicide had been mentioned, but no one had died Had Sophie been the one who'd attempted to end her The own life? Unexpected Consequences of - It had felt like the longest journey of her life, from Love sunny Montmartre to the cardiac surgery intensive care Page p.25 p.29 unit in gray, rain-soaked Plymouth - He’s the big hole in my life, in the middle of my p.6 soul Or maybe he was just the beginning of it - I wonder whether they are there, whether he knows, p.9 whether he’s left, or whether he’s still living a life The Girl On The Train he’s yet to discover is a lie - I can’t deny that there’s a part of me that finds the p.48 idea of meeting Kamal thrilling Because all this started with him: a glimpse of him and my life changed course, veered off the tracks The moment I saw him kiss Megan, everything changed - “I’m not employed by you I’m employed by your p.18 mother And unless she tells me she doesn’t want me here any more I’m staying Not because I particularly Me Before You care about you, or like this stupid job or want to change your life one way or another, but because I need the money Okay? I really need the money.” - You never know, this might be the start of a whole p.88 new independent life for Will - Sylvie said they mustn’t be scared of the influenza 61 p.57 ‘Life must go on,’ she said - ‘Thirteen is quite grown-up nowadays And life can be very short, you know,’ Izzie added, taking out a p.94 long ebony and ivory cigarette holder Life After Life - ‘Why is everything an “adventure” with you?’ Sylvie p.114 said irritably to Izzie ‘Because life is an adventure, of course.’ ‘I would say it was more of an endurance race,’ Sylvie said ‘Or an obstacle course.’ - A bereft Teddy carried his wounds on the inside, a p.150 scar across his heart where little Nancy Shawcross had been ripped away ‘It’s as if,’ he said to Ursula, ‘you walk into a room and your life ends but you keep on living.’ - ‘You are an old soul,’ he said ‘It can’t be easy But p.311 your life is still ahead of you It must be lived.’ He was not her doctor, he had retired, he said, he was ‘merely a visitor’ - Ursula was not intending to spend long in Munich p.207 Germany was no more than a detour in her life, part of her adventurous year in Europe Oblivion - I had no idea how my life veered so far off track p.68 that this was what I was doing on a Friday night, but a part of me wasn’t all that upset Which of course upset me even more - And even if he did, how could he allow Reynolds to p.92 end his life, to enslave him eternally to the demon Isobel had fought so hard to save him from? STRUCTURAL METAPHORS Novel LIFETIME IS PASSING OF TIME Extract Page - She glanced over at her father ‘I can’t put my whole p.38 62 life on hold just because of Will’s mental state.’ - I would have to fill those little white rectangles with a p.41 lifetime of things that could generate happiness, contentment, satisfaction or pleasure - He told them that watching other people live even p.56 half the life he had planned for himself was unbearable, a kind of torture - You’ve got to get away from here, Clark Promise me p.58 Me Before You you won’t spend the rest of your life stuck around this bloody parody of a place mat - “This isn’t much of a life, Clark But when I think p.74 about how much worse it could get – some nights I lie in my bed and I can’t actually breathe.” - I had to remind myself that, for most of his life, this p.93 had been Will’s domain – this globe, these wide shores – not the little annex in the shadow of the castle - I’ve done more, lived more, in the last six months p.105 than in the last twenty-seven years of my life - ‘It has been,’ I told him, ‘the best six months of my p.107 entire life.’ The Girl On The Train Life After Life Oblivion - He’s waiting for me to start, but it’s hard, harder than p.42 I thought it was going to be I’ve kept this secret for so long – a decade, more than a third of my life - Pamela sighed the sigh of someone with a lifetime p.42 behind them already and sat at the table - ‘Looked at you?’ Ursula said Teddy in the last p.283 moments of his life, knowing he was going to die - Thankfully, Isobel’s psychologist, Dr Robinson, had p.5 instructed her parents to stop the barrage of questions, to carry on with day-to-day life and wait for the memories to resurface on their own 63 - He snickered “You’d be surprised? Really? You’ve p.8 known Ash your entire life The girl thrives on confrontation.” STRUCTURAL METAPHORS Novel LIFE IS A STORY Extract Page - Eva, on the other hand, loved being photographed p.217 She didn’t just want to be in photographs, she wanted Life After Life to be in a film ‘Ein movie.’ She was going to go to Hollywood (‘one day’) and play herself, ‘the story of my life’, she said - The poem He’d taken them right into the middle of p.83 Oblivion it—this ballad that felt as if it told the story of a previous life One they’d shared together, just like this - Dammit, of course he had Story of her life The Unexpected Consequences of Love Wolf Hall STRUCTURAL METAPHORS Novel Wolf Hall Life After Life p.07 - The other exciting development had occurred last p.34 week when Marguerite's agent had been contacted by a U.S.-based film producer keen on turning her life story into a movie - They watch him for evidence of his intentions, good p.548 or ill Their faces say, we are two women with nothing left but our life stories LIFE IS A WAR Extract - Every man should be a soldier once in his life Page p.533 - Her life was all duty She kept twelve paupers in her p.562 house at Woking and once she made me kneel down with a basin and wash their yellow feet, she's lucky I didn't throw upon them - ‘They call it honky-tonk, I believe,’ Izzie said A p.103 64 woman began to sing, raw and American She sounded as if she had spent her life in a prison cell ‘Ida Cox,’ Izzie said ‘She’s a Negress Isn’t she extraordinary?’ - Confusion marked her expression “You saved my p.52 life with Ash?” Oblivion - “Even if your life was threatened?” Disbelief p.64 colored my tone - I don’t want to speak to you, I don’t want to see you, p.11 I don’t want you anywhere near my family You can ruin your own life if you want to, but you’re not The Girl On The Train ruining mine Not any more - All he wants is for me to go away – me and my child p.77 – and so I tell him, I scream at him, I’m not going away I am going to make you pay for this For the rest of your bloody life you’re going to be paying for this The - The problem with other people taking control of p.33 Unexpected your life and making things happen is that it might not Consequences of actually be the best time for it to happen to you Love STRUCTURAL METAPHORS Novel The Girl on the Train Black Butterfly LIFE IS A GAME Extract Page - All those plans I had – photography courses and p.6 cookery classes – when it comes down to it, they feel a bit pointless, as if I’m playing at real life instead of actually living it - What strange game was this? Was he bargaining for p.8 his life? - Everyone was growing disheartened, running out of p.3 The enthusiasm for what felt like an insurmountable task Unexpected Consequences of Josh, having taken on the biggest financial gamble of Love his life, was rapidly running out of cash Me Before You - But you just made me feel really crap If you were p.60 going to bet on my boring life, did you have to make 65 me aware of it? APPENDIX 2: ONTOLOGICAL METAPHOR ONTOLOGICAL METAPHORS Novel LIFE IS AN ENTITY Extract Page Referring - It’s my life—our lives—you’re holding in your p.55 hands,” I told her “I don’t expect you to care too much about tossing me under a speeding bus, but Oblivion you’d also be tossing Dee under it.” - “It is my life.” Dee swung her purse at me but p.63 missed “And you took it from me.” - Not when her life was in my hands p.88 - ‘Yeah, well My mum had her own baby then, with p.81 Half Broken Things my stepfather, my second stepfather My Nan wouldn’t it neither She’s not that sort of Nan Got her own life to lead.’ - ‘I have a life too, you know.’ It came out like a p.38 protest Me Before You - ‘You only get one life It’s actually your duty to live p.58 it as fully as possible.’ - ‘I’m not talking about physically,’ she said ‘I’m p.79 talking about learning to embrace a new life.’ Categorizing - That would have been a quite different life, p.84 perhaps a better one - He had grown rather remorseful over the clandestine p.162 nature of their relationship She had brought a little Life After Life excitement into what had become a rather tedious life, he said - Eva would have been happier back in Munich, in the p.222 little bourgeois house that the Führer had bought for her, where she could lead a normal social life 66 - I love him more now because I feel so damn sorry p.282 for him He’ll never marry, never have children, and never have the wonderful life that was his birthright - You probably wouldn’t look at me twice An p.06 ordinary girl, leading an ordinary life It actually suited me fine - I led a big life Me Before You p.97 - ‘Come on, man I know it must be terribly hard … p.15 all this But if you care for Lissa at all, you must want her to have a good life.’ - And I cannot for the life of me see how you can be p.61 content to live this tiny life ONTOLOGICAL METAPHORS Novel LIFE IS A CONTAINER Extract - And the baby came back to life It was that simple Page p.91 - Hugh had been there, he had held on to her hand and p.150 kept her in this life Life After Life - She fed the meter and the little Radiant popped back p.285 into life She hadn’t gassed herself after all then - Hanne crossed her hands over her chest, looking like p.206 a rather constipated saint ‘My life is fulfilled,’ she laughed - Inside the marquee huge fans had been kicked into p.78 life, whirring lazily over our heads Me Before You - Out at sea a storm had exploded into life p.95 - I don’t want you to be tied to me, to my hospital p.97 appointments, to the restrictions on my life Oblivion - Though she had attended only two funerals in her p.19 life, she had learned through both experiences that observances like this were intended for the living, not the dead ONTOLOGICAL 67 METAPHORS Novel LIFE IS A PERSONAL POSSESSION Extract Page - The Führer took up so much room in Eva’s life that p.221 when he wasn’t here she was an empty vessel - It reminded her of something but for the life of her p.242 she couldn’t think what Life After Life - ‘You’re such a bright young woman,’ Miss Woolf p.254 said ‘Don’t waste your life, will you? If you’re spared.’ - This, Ursula thought, would remain the best moment p.306 of her life, no matter what else happened to her - Letting her fingertips trail over the numbers, she p.20 wondered what could have ended the boy’s life at just seventeen Oblivion ONTOLOGICAL METAPHORS Novel - If she hadn’t intervened when she did, I don’t know p.78 if I would’ve broken Baruck’s hold I owed her my life LIFE IS A PERSON Extract Page - ‘I don’t want my job back,’ he said gruffly ‘My p.54 days as some rich nob’s servant are over I miss the garden, not the life The garden was a thing of beauty.’ Life After Life - If Bridget hadn’t taken it from her and said, ‘That’s a p.258 good suit, someone will be grateful for it,’ she might have crawled into the wardrobe and given up on life - ‘No point in thinking,’ she said briskly, ‘you just p.275 have to get on with life.’ Oblivion - Not even draining the darkness from his dead world p.39 and replacing it with light and life had been able to convince him that she’d returned for him yet again Half Broken Things - Life had become more modest; an air of quiet p.235 waiting descended, befitting a household that is 68 observing a period of formal mourning - I watched relationships begin and end across those p.03 tables, children transferred between divorcees, the guilty relief of those parents who couldn’t face cooking, and the secret pleasure of pensioners at a fried breakfast All human life came through, and most of them shared a few words with me, trading jokes or comments over the mugs of steaming tea Me Before You - My life had become strange and disconnected p.86 from everyone I knew – Will’s plight and his secrets had swamped me - ‘But it does define me, Clark You don’t know me, p.97 not really You never saw me before this thing I loved my life, Clark Really loved it ONTOLOGICAL METAPHORS Novel Wolf Hall LIFE IS A MACHINE Extract Page - For a minute, for two minutes together, he feels his p.126 life might mend Then he thinks, how could I ask Rafe to wait? He needs to set up his own household - That’s what I’ve taken from the therapy sessions: p.24 The Girl on the the holes in your life are permanent I’m starting Train to believe that there isn’t anything you can to fix it The Unexpected Consequences of Love - “You don't understand He's my only sister's only p.17 son I need an assistant to help me run my life, and I'd rather employ Riley than some complete stranger.” Oblivion - Dee smiled like she’d just figured out the key to p.81 life 69 Approved by SUPERVISOR (Dr Tran Thi Le Dung) Date:…………………… 70