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Tiêu đề Conceptual Metaphors Of Love In Lyrics By Ed Sheeran’s Songs
Tác giả Le Thi Hong
Người hướng dẫn Dr. Tran Thi Le Dung, Ph. D.
Trường học Hanoi Open University
Chuyên ngành English Language
Thể loại thesis
Năm xuất bản 2021
Thành phố Hanoi
Định dạng
Số trang 82
Dung lượng 2,32 MB

Cấu trúc

  • Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1 (11)
    • 1.1 Rationale 1 (11)
    • 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 3 (13)
    • 1.3. Research questions 3 (13)
    • 1.4. Methods of the study 3 (13)
    • 1.5. Scope of the study 4 (14)
    • 1.6. Significance of the study 5 (15)
    • 1.7. Structure of the study 5 (15)
  • Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 (16)
    • 2.1. Previous studies 7 (17)
    • 2.2. Figurative language 10 (20)
      • 2.2.1. Definition of figurative language 10 (20)
      • 2.2.2. Kinds of figurative language 11 2.3. Metaphor 13 2.3.1. Definition of metaphor 13 (21)
      • 2.3.2. Metaphor in cognitive semantics 15 2.4. Conceptual metaphors 17 (25)
      • 2.4.1. Classifications of conceptual metaphors 19 (29)
        • 2.4.1.1. Structural metaphors 2.4.1.2. Ontological metaphors 2.4.1.3. Orientational Metaphors 19 20 22 2.4.2. Conceptual metaphor domain 2.4.2.1. Source domain 2.4.2.2. Target domain 23 24 24 2.5. Music and love 24 (29)
      • 2.5.1. Music 24 (35)
      • 2.5.2. Love 1. Conceptual metaphor of love 27 27 2.6. Biography of Ed Sheeran and his songs 27 2.7. Summary 29 (37)
  • Chapter 3: CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF LOVE IN ED SHEERAN’S SONGS 31 3.1. Song presentation 31 (16)
    • 3.1.1. U.N.I song 31 (41)
    • 3.1.2. Thinking Out Loud song 31 (41)
    • 3.1.3. Photograph song 31 (41)
    • 3.1.4. Shape of you song 32 (42)
    • 3.2. Structural metaphors of love in the selected song lyrics by Ed Sheeran 32 1. LOVE IS A DESIRE 32 2. LOVE IS HAPPINESS 3. LOVE IS A PAIN 4. LOVE IS A JOURNEY 5. LOVE IS POSSESSION 6. LOVE IS A UNITY 3.3. Ontological metaphors of love in the selected song lyrics by Ed Sheeran 3.3.1. LOVE IS A CONTAINER 3. LOVE IS FOOD/ NUTRIENT 3.3.3. LOVE IS AN OBJECT 3.4. Orientational metaphors of love in the selected song lyrics by Ed Sheeran 3.4.1. LOVE IS CLOSENESS 3.4.2. LOVE IS MADNESS/ INSANITY 3.4.3. LOVE IS A NATURAL FORCE 3.4.4. LOVE IS A PHYSICAL FORCE 3.5. Summary 33 33 34 36 36 39 39 40 40 43 43 44 45 45 47 (42)
  • Chapter 4: CONCLUSION 49 (16)
    • 4.1. Recapitulation 49 (59)
    • 4.2. Concluding remarks 49 (59)

Nội dung

INTRODUCTION 1

Rationale 1

Figurative language enhances communication by using comparisons, imagery, and equations to add richness and depth to statements (Tonner and Whittestone, 2003) It transforms plain expressions into vivid descriptions that reflect personal perspectives on events Common types of figurative language include similes, metaphors, personification, allegory, and metonymy, each serving to convey meaning in a more engaging way.

Metaphors play a crucial role in language, particularly in music, where they serve as a creative means for artists to express their feelings, emotions, and inspirations By incorporating metaphors, songwriters enhance the beauty and appeal of their lyrics while deepening our understanding of literature, art, and life The use of love metaphors is especially vital for musicians, as it captures the essence of human experience and emotion, making it a fundamental aspect of songwriting As Zbikowski (2008) notes, the metaphorical language surrounding music is not only common but also significant in conveying its depth and meaning.

Metaphor, as Ullmann (1972) noted, is intricately woven into the fabric of human communication, serving multiple roles such as motivation, synonymy, and vocabulary enhancement Unlike similes, which explicitly compare two things using "like" or "as," metaphors imply a comparison, treating the two entities as one They consist of a reality and a comparative idea, fundamentally shaping our thoughts and actions (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) Research on love metaphors indicates that people often express their emotions metaphorically, whether consciously or not (Pasaribu, 2013) In literature, metaphors provide a compelling means of conveying meaning, celebrated for their linguistic artistry and distinctive style.

Conceptual metaphors are structured systems of thought that extend beyond mere language, reflecting our habitual ways of understanding experiences They illustrate how we apply one type of experience to comprehend another in different contexts (Ungerer and Schmid, 2006) The interpretation of these cognitive metaphors is influenced by various factors, including background knowledge, cultural norms, psychological traits, and ethnic perspectives Consequently, the shift towards cognitive linguistics represents a growing area of interest among contemporary linguists and researchers.

Song lyrics represent one of the oldest forms of literature, embodying poetry through rhythmic and imaginative language As noted by Tomlinson and Short (2014), poetry conveys ideas and emotions using carefully selected words for their sonorous effects Analyzing song lyrics reveals their structural elements and allegorical meanings, showcasing how they communicate complex emotions and illusions This unique branch of poetry combines words in an engaging manner, often containing implicit meanings that can be interpreted in both beautiful and challenging ways.

Music is a vital aspect of human spirituality, serving as a complex cultural product that evokes a wide array of emotions (Zbikowski, 2008) Similar to language, which facilitates communication and emotional negotiation among individuals, music also plays a significant role in expressing feelings While music itself is not primarily linguistic, language can enhance musical practice Zbikowski (2008) notes that discussions about music often involve metaphorical language, a concept supported by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), who argue that metaphors shape human thought Consequently, both language and music rely on shared image-schematic structures, highlighting their interconnectedness.

Metaphor is a powerful figure of speech that requires figurative interpretation, allowing for the comparison of ideas and analysis Many people prefer using metaphors to communicate their thoughts, as they effectively convey new concepts, express emotions, and entertain audiences Renowned songwriters, like Ed Sheeran, often utilize metaphors in their love songs, showcasing their ability to resonate with listeners through imaginative language.

Born on February 17, 1991, Ed Sheeran is a talented songwriter renowned for his use of metaphor and figurative language in his music His ability to weave love—a timeless theme—into his songs has contributed significantly to his success in the English music scene.

Ed Sheeran's music evokes a range of emotions in listeners, as each individual experiences his songs differently His extensive use of metaphors captivates audiences, prompting a deeper exploration of how love is portrayed This has sparked interest in the conceptual metaphors of love found within his lyrical compositions.

Based on the research background, the researcher has selected Ed Sheeran's songs as the focal point of the study Consequently, the topic of the research will be "Conceptual Metaphors of Love in Ed Sheeran's Lyrics."

Aims and objectives of the study 3

This study explores the conceptual metaphors present in Ed Sheeran's song lyrics to enhance understanding of metaphorical domains Additionally, it aims to propose effective methods for teaching and learning these conceptual metaphors to Vietnamese learners and educators.

- To investigate the kinds of conceptual metaphors used in Ed Sheeran‟s songs

- To investigate the meanings of conceptual metaphors used in Ed Sheeran‟s songs

Research questions 3

Based on the background study of the thesis, the researcher has formulated two research questions:

1 What types of metaphors are found in Ed Sheeran‟s songs?

2 What are the meanings of conceptual metaphors used in Ed Sheeran‟s songs?

Methods of the study 3

The methods used in this study include:

In order to achieve the aim, this study makes use of both qualitative and

This study utilizes a quantitative research design featuring descriptive and contrastive analysis methods By employing qualitative techniques, it focuses on the contrastive analysis and description of conceptual metaphors of love found in Ed Sheeran's song lyrics The descriptive method plays a crucial role in elucidating the meanings behind these metaphors.

This study employs a documentary technique for data collection, focusing on four songs by Ed Sheeran: "U.N.I," "Photograph," "Thinking Out Loud," and "Shape of You." These tracks are sourced from his renowned albums Plus (+), Multiply (x), and Divide (:) To facilitate the data gathering process, the researcher utilizes the lyrics of these love songs, which are obtained from the website Rateyourmusic.

This study utilizes Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor theory to analyze linguistic expressions of metaphor The writer employs a distributional method, which focuses on the language itself, alongside a substitutional technique that replaces specific elements with alternatives The analysis is conducted through a structured four-step process to ensure comprehensive examination of the data.

The researcher thoroughly analyzed the conceptual metaphors of love present in Ed Sheeran's song lyrics By reviewing the data, the researcher gained insights into the emotions conveyed through these metaphors, leading to a deeper understanding of their meanings This process allowed for a comprehensive interpretation of the emotional expressions embedded in the lyrics.

Secondly, the data which were found from the lyrics were categorized into the list of three types of conceptual metaphors suggected by Lakoff and Johnson

(1980) They are structural metaphor, ontological metaphor and orientational metaphor

In qualitative research, the researcher articulates the data and employs analytical approaches to achieve the anticipated outcomes This process includes a detailed explanation of the literal meanings of various conceptual metaphors, particularly focusing on the source domain of each concept.

Finally, the interpretation process is carried out from cognitive semant ic perspectives.

Scope of the study 4

This research focuses on three types of conceptual metaphors of love found in Ed Sheeran's song lyrics, as classified by Lakoff and Johnson (1980/2003) and Kővecses (2002) The study examines structural metaphors, orientational metaphors, and ontological metaphors, highlighting how these frameworks shape the expression of love in his music.

Ed Sheeran's extensive discography primarily revolves around the theme of love, with a focused analysis conducted on four selected songs revealing a total of 33 conceptual metaphors This includes 14 structural metaphors, 11 ontological metaphors, and 8 orientational metaphors, all drawn from his renowned albums: Plus (+), Multiply (x), and Divide (:).

Table 1: Ed Sheeran’s four selected songs

No Song Title Album Year

Significance of the study 5

This groundbreaking thesis is the first in Vietnam to explore three types of conceptual metaphors of love found in Ed Sheeran's lyrics The study's findings enhance societal understanding of metaphors, which are prevalent figures of speech in everyday communication Consequently, this research is anticipated to contribute positively to English teaching and learning methodologies.

This research aims to contribute valuable data for teaching linguistics, particularly focusing on conceptual metaphors It is intended to serve as a comprehensive outline for educators, offering alternative examples that can enhance the teaching and learning process in linguistics courses related to metaphors.

This research aims to enhance English learners' understanding of conceptual metaphors, a topic that remains unfamiliar to many By exploring this subject, the study seeks to inspire learners to delve deeper into the realm of conceptual metaphors in the future Ultimately, it aspires to illuminate how emotions can be conveyed metaphorically, enriching their comprehension and appreciation of language.

Structure of the study 5

The thesis begins with Certificate of originality, Acknowledgements, Table of Contents and Abstracts The content of the study is divided into fo ur chapters:

This chapter outlines the rationale behind the chosen topic, detailing the research aims, objectives, and questions It also defines the scope and significance of the study, along with the methods employed and the overall structure of the research.

LITERATURE REVIEW 7

Previous studies 7

In recent years, researchers from both English and Vietnamese backgrounds have delved into the study of metaphors The concept of trope has historically been linked to metaphor until Locke's 1690 identification of the term "ideal" in language, which is expressed through tropes and figures The publication of Lakoff and Johnson's influential work, "Metaphor We Live By," in 1980 marked a significant advancement in understanding metaphors as integral to everyday life, encompassing not just language but also thought and action Metaphors have evolved gradually, extending beyond mere language to encompass ideals, thoughts, and actions, reflecting the progression of social life.

Littlemore and Graham (2006) highlighted the significance of metaphor across Bachman’s competencies, emphasizing its pervasive role in English and the necessity of metaphoric competence They defined illocutionary competence as the ability to comprehend messages conveyed through language, utilizing functions such as ideational, manipulative, heuristic, and imaginative elements, with metaphors serving as persuasive tools in arguments and descriptions This skill is crucial for learners, especially in academic contexts, as it enables them to critically assess these constructions Additionally, they described textual competence as the capability to create and interpret cohesive and well-organized texts in both written and spoken forms Furthermore, Littlemore and Graham illustrated how metaphoric thinking contributes to strategic competence, particularly in compensation and interactional strategies that help learners navigate gaps in their second language knowledge.

Conceptual metaphor (CM) has been explored across various semiotic resources, including its application to images such as cartoons, as demonstrated in the research by Bounegru and Forceville (2011).

In 2011, research revealed that conceptual metaphors (CMs) are vital for organizing ideas in cartoons Additionally, various studies have explored the application of CMs in emerging areas, including political texts (MsEntee – Atalianis, 2011; Zinken, 2003) For example, MsEntee – Atalianis (2011) examined how CMs influence the speeches of the United Nations Secretary-General, highlighting their significant impact on communication in this context.

The organization is viewed as a "family," driven by a collective desire to counteract threats and negative influences This motivation shapes the organizational agenda and inspires members to strive for the common good (MsEntee – Atalianis, 2011, p.339).

Researchers have explored conceptual metaphors in song lyrics, with Cardoso and Vieira (2006) analyzing the metaphorical expressions in Dido's "White Flag." Their study highlighted how students could collaboratively identify these metaphors through group discussions In a different approach, Pasaribu (2013) conducted a cognitive linguistic analysis of Indonesian metaphors, specifically examining how love is expressed metaphorically and the source domains influencing this emotion While Cardoso and Vieira focused on song lyrics, Pasaribu's research centered on personal perceptions of love, illustrating the varied applications of metaphor analysis in different contexts.

Gavelin (2015) examined the conceptual metaphor of love in Mariah Carey's pop songs across different stages of her career, revealing that despite a twenty-year gap between the songs, the love metaphors remained consistent The study highlighted that the most commonly used source concept effectively illustrated the target concept However, it also noted an increased variation in love metaphors during the later stages of Carey’s career.

In her 2015 study, Harpela from Finland explored the conceptual metaphor of love in Kylie Minogue's pop songs, analyzing 33 song lyrics through the lens of Lakoff and Johnson's (1980) framework of orientational, structural, and ontological metaphors The research revealed that the predominant metaphor was LOVE IS A JOURNEY, predominantly characterized as structural Additionally, ontological metaphors were found to be plentiful, offering enticing, seductive, and witty interpretations The study also identified that most orientational metaphors were represented in pairs, such as up-down or here-there, with some instances of overlap between different metaphor types.

More recently, Septiyana (2019) conducted an analysis of conceptual metaphors in Owl City songs in the context of Indonesia From the thirty conceptual

In their 1980 study, Lakoff and Johnson proposed nine metaphors, which were further explored by researchers analyzing forty metaphors in Owl City songs The findings revealed that these metaphorical expressions carry unique meanings shaped by the songwriter's context, with the predominant patterns identified as "ANIMALS ARE OBJECTS" and "PEOPLE ARE OBJECTS" (Septivana, 2019) Additionally, Febriansya (2020) examined the conceptual metaphor of ANGER in Grunge music lyrics, employing a qualitative method The study identified common metaphors such as "ANGER IS FIRE," "ANGER IS AN OPPONENT IN A STRUGGLE," "ANGER IS A NATURAL FORCE," and "ANGER IS A HOT FLUID IN A CONTAINER," highlighting the image schemas of FORCE and CONTAINMENT associated with the metaphor of ANGER.

At Hanoi Open University, Ms Hà (2016) explored the diverse conceptual metaphors in Carpenter's love songs, highlighting the varying perspectives of cognitive linguistics in everyday situations Similarly, Tran Thi Thanh Thao (2011) examined the semantics of love metaphors in English and Vietnamese songs, identifying eight common metaphorical images of love, including love as a concrete object, a living creature, a natural phenomenon, a journey, a three-dimensional scenario, a game, a war, and heaven While Thanh Thao focused on English and Vietnamese songs, the current study aims to investigate love metaphors in Dholuo popular music, specifically to determine if Dholuo audiences also utilize different senses to perceive love.

The review indicates that conceptual metaphor (CM) in song lyrics spans various domains, including education, politics, and everyday experiences, with a predominant focus on pop music In the local context, two studies have examined CM specifically in pop music, concentrating on the theme of love However, there remains a gap in research regarding the structural, ontological, and orientational metaphors, as well as the source domains employed to express love in lyrics Consequently, I am eager to explore the research topic: "Conceptual Metaphor of Love in Lyrics."

10 by Ed Sheeran’s songs” The study hopes to be some helps for learning and teaching

English of Vietnamese teachers and learners and to enrich the local literature.

CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF LOVE IN ED SHEERAN’S SONGS 31 3.1 Song presentation 31

U.N.I song 31

U.N.I is a song by Ed Sheeran released as a part of his debut studio album, Plus (+) The song was written by Sheeran and Jake Gosling, and produced by Gosling In this song, Ed sings about his ex long-term girlfriend UNI means university Ed's ex wanted to go to 'UNI' but he wasn't planning to So, they 'ended over UNI' That explains the name of the song Other parts of the song talk about how he misses her, and that he gets drunk to forget about her because he can't figure out a way to work out their relationship Ed just wants to be close to her now but it's awkward after they broke up after a long and great relationship As the song describes the relationship finished over UNI but he wished they hadn‟t In late reports Ed mentioned that, she is the girl he'd want to settle down with and marry, but he‟s currently focusing on his career.

Thinking Out Loud song 31

"Thinking Out Loud" is a romantic ballad by British singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran from his second studio album, x, released in the U.S on September 24, 2014 Co-written with Amy Wadge and produced by Jake Gosling, the song explores themes of enduring love, as Sheeran vows to cherish his partner even as they age With its blue-eyed soul influence, "Thinking Out Loud" is often regarded as an ideal wedding song, praised by critics like Lauren Murphy of The Irish Times for its musical depth, and recognized by The Washington Post's Allison Stewart as a timeless addition to wedding playlists.

Photograph song 31

"Photograph," a poignant track by British singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran, is featured on his second studio album, Multiply (x) Co-written with Johnny McDaid of Snow Patrol, the song originated from a captivating piano loop crafted by McDaid, which serves as the foundation for its emotional depth.

After overcoming initial challenges, Ed Sheeran collaborated with hip hop producer Jeff Bhasker, infusing new energy into his song The emotional ballad, characterized by acoustic guitars, piano, and electronic drums, poignantly narrates the tale of a long-distance love The lyrics vividly capture moments of nostalgia, including a heartfelt memory of a kiss shared between the protagonist and his daughter.

Ed Sheeran's song "Photograph," inspired by his relationship with singer-songwriter Nina Nesbitt, features poignant imagery like "under the streetlight, on 6th street" and the girl keeping his pictures "in her jeans pocket." Following the release of his album Multiply (x), "Photograph" garnered widespread acclaim, with Billboard's Jason Lipshutz highlighting the line "Loving can hurt sometimes / But it's the only thing that I know" as a central theme of the album Capital FM described the track as "obsessively beautiful," capturing the essence of a girl waiting for her lover's return.

Shape of you song 32

"Shape of You" is a popular song by British singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran, co-written and produced with Steve Mac, featuring contributions from Johnny McDaid, Kandi Burruss, Tameka "Tiny" Cottle, and Kevin "She'kspere" Briggs Released digitally on January 6, 2017, it serves as one of the lead singles from Sheeran's third studio album, ÷ (2017) The pop track features a marimba soundtrack and narrates the story of Sheeran falling in love with a girl in a bar, as described by NT News "Shape of You" received a Grammy Award, highlighting its impact and popularity in the music industry.

At the 2018 Grammy Awards, Ed Sheeran's song won the Best Pop Solo Performance, showcasing its immense popularity It reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped charts in numerous countries, including the UK, Sweden, Norway, Italy, Canada, and Australia With over 10 million copies sold in the US and more than 5 million in the UK, this hit stands out as one of Sheeran's most commercially successful tracks.

CONCLUSION 49

Recapitulation 49

In this chapter, the researcher summarizes the findings from the previous analysis, confirming that metaphors extend beyond mere poetic expressions They serve as a framework for understanding our conceptual system, utilizing source domains and inference patterns related to target domain concepts, as highlighted by Lakoff and Johnson.

In his lyrics, Ed Sheeran illustrates the interconnectedness of love through personal experiences, highlighting how our cognitive system naturally associates one concept with another.

The research on conceptual metaphors (CM) in Ed Sheeran's song lyrics revealed the frequencies and interactions of these metaphors in conveying the theme of love Structural metaphors were the most prevalent, accounting for 42% of the total, followed by ontological metaphors at 33%, and orientational metaphors at 25% These metaphors serve to elucidate the abstract concept of love, demonstrating how the source domains in the lyrics contribute to a deeper understanding of this emotion.

Ed Sheeran„s songs are the result of how Ed Sheeran and possibly other people subconsciously perceive the concept of love.

Concluding remarks 49

Ed Sheeran skillfully employs conceptual metaphors to convey various perspectives on love in his songs Following the insights of Lakoff and Johnson (1980/2003) and Kửvecses (2002), it is evident that metaphors are integral to everyday life, and Sheeran's portrayal of love resonates deeply with our understanding and experiences.

LOVE is understood by concrete concepts, things which are close with us so that people can comprehend easily All of source domains here are the substance,

50 events, actions, and states which are being in everyday life to be understandable and relevant to us

LOVE is understood by abstract concept LOVE is understood by natural kinds of experiences: A JOURNEY, CLOSENESS, POSSESSION or AN UNITY to be show different aspects of Love‟s inherent properties

Ed Sheeran masterfully employs three types of metaphors across his songs, including U.N.I, Photograph, Thinking Out Loud, and Shape of You, often using multiple instances of each type and combining them within sections In U.N.I alone, he integrates at least seven conceptual metaphors, along with three structural, two orientational, and two ontological metaphors, enhancing the emotional depth of his music This ability to convey genuine feelings resonates deeply with listeners, contributing to his career success Notably, Sheeran's songwriting is characterized by everyday language rather than complex literary devices, and his themes often reflect contemporary realities and relatable experiences Additionally, the cultural references in his work resonate with both English audiences and a global audience, making his messages easily accessible and understandable.

This research reveals that metaphors are more accessible than previously thought, appearing not only in literature and poetry but also in everyday language They are prevalent in various aspects of life, showcasing their diversity and abundance Often, we use metaphors without even realizing it, highlighting their integral role in our daily communication.

In this thesis, the researcher focuses on a select few concepts related to metaphor in English, specifically structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors It is important to note that many other metaphors exist but were not analyzed due to the limitations of this study.

The four Ed Sheeran songs I selected for research reflect my personal experiences and emotions, highlighting the subjective nature of music appreciation My choices were influenced by the feelings evoked while listening to these tracks, showcasing how individual interpretations can shape our connection to music.

51 and it was empirical This song can be well on meaning with me but not with others

While I may not possess the skills of a songwriter to fully appreciate the depths of music, my understanding comes from my experience in linguistics This perspective allows me to find beauty in music, though it may differ from how others perceive it.

When we learn metaphors, we learn and understand how our thought and mind work in the matter of conceptualization

Listening to music is an effective method for learning English, as it helps us acquire new vocabulary and grammar while also providing insights into the culture and knowledge of the language, often referred to as cognition Engaging with songs allows us to experience the beauty of a country, its landscapes, and the emotions of its people.

English teachers who want to teach conceptual metaphors can use this research as an example or an outline to help students expand their understanding about conceptual metaphors

4.5 Recommendations and suggestions for further research

Researchers recommend that linguistics students interested in semantics should thoroughly investigate conceptual metaphor theory They suggest examining various media, including songs, to identify and analyze the frequencies of conceptual metaphors.

Songs serve as a powerful medium for human communication, offering not only artistic enjoyment but also conveying meaningful information through their lyrics Similar to poetry and everyday conversations, song lyrics often incorporate figurative expressions that enhance their beauty and intrigue However, interpreting these figurative expressions can be challenging, as it requires a deeper understanding and context related to the author's intent Gaining insight into these elements can enrich the listener's experience and appreciation of the song.

To fully appreciate the meaning of song lyrics, listeners must analyze the figurative expressions within them Understanding the context of these expressions is crucial, as it allows for a deeper comprehension of the song's overall message By paying attention to each figurative element, listeners can truly absorb the essence of the music.

Figurative expression is actually an interesting subject to study What the researcher has in mind can be dived by understanding figurative expressions used in

The researcher encourages future studies to explore song meanings through the lens of conceptual metaphor theory, suggesting that other researchers investigate aspects such as pragmatics, culture, and musicology.

Ongoing research is essential to understand music as a form of communication Future studies should explore additional songs to assess whether the rhetorical strategies identified in this research are consistent across various tracks Additionally, examining rhetorical consistency among similar bands within the rock genre will enhance our understanding of this musical field.

On the whole, there will be some topics related to the problem left for further research:

1 A study on metaphors of love in English songs from cognitive perpectives

2 A contrastive study of conceptual metaphors of love in English and Vietnamese songs in the 21 st century

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48 Ungerer, F and H.-J Schmid (2006), An introduction to cognitive linguistics, Har - low: Pearson Longman

49 Zbikowski, L M (2008) Metaphor and music Cambridge University Press

50 Zinken (2003) What is “cultural” about conceptual metaphors? International journal of communication 13 (1/2): 5 – 29

1 My mind’s with you but my heart’s just not

LOVE IS A PAIN His heart is ready to move on with her but his mind is still on how things went down

2 So am I close to you anymore, if it‟s over

He wishes he would be close to her

3 Break up the love like Lego now

When it comes to the time they cannot complement and synchronize each other, the love would be broken up

4 And darling, I will be loving you til we‟re 70

He will still love his girlfriend until they reach

5 And baby, my heart could still fall as hard at 23

His love to her is still the same as at 23

6 Well, me - I fall in love with you every single day

He thinks about her every single day

7 Loving can hurt, loving can hurt sometimes

When the relationship is ended, we feel

8 Loving can heal LOVE IS

Love can also become a nutrient which heals the lover

9 Loving can mend your soul

Loving can mend your soul

Heart is something that could be broken into several pieces, makes it something that is not a complete unit

11 And I won’t never let you go

Love is under the control of the lover

12 Come on now, follow my lead

LOVE is also comprehended as a travel

13 Every day, discovering something brand new

LOVE also is a journey with studying something new

14 One week in, we let the story begin

LOVE is regarded as DESIRE when he desires the feelings of love from his girl, to be loved

1 And go back to the day we fell in love just on our first kiss

The effort to overcome the sadness and miss his ex - girl friend

2 They‟re more like tsunami tides in my eyes

3 Will your mouth still remember the taste of my love?

Love is assumed as food that can be tasted

4 And I‟m thinking about how people fall in love in mysterious ways

The feeling of love can come from one side or both side of lovers, it is also come from all people by one way or mysterious ways

5 Maybe we found love right where we are

Love as a hidden object which needs to be searched and discovered

6 It is the only thing that makes us feel alive

Love as a nutrient that makes lovers feel alive

7 And it‟s the only thing we take with us when we die

Love is the only thing we take with us when we die

8 Girl, you know I want your love

People who are in love usually tend to be more ambitious

9 Your love was handmade for somebody like me

Love as an object Shape of

10 I’m in love with your body

He has an interest towards his/her beloved person physical appearance

11 I’m in love with the shape of you

Love is seen as the container of the person in love

1 And maybe I can let myself down

He is sad when the love is broken up

2 I'll take you in my arms and keep you sheltered

To protect and shelter in love

3 And I can‟t sweep you off of your feet

He cannot make her to fall in love with him

4 I am thinking out loud LOVE IS

People who are in love usually cannot think normally and have less control over themselves

5 We keep this love in a photograph

Love can be kept in a photograph Love is up and forever

6 So you can keep me inside the pocket of your ripped jeans

He wants to be together with this girl forever

7 Keep it deep within your soul

Lovers are soulmates and nothing will ever seperate them

8 We push and pull like a magnet do

Love is just like the object of force cannot be responsible for what happens to it

I discovered your hair band on my bedroom floor, the sole reminder of your presence Instead of gentle waves of longing, I now experience overwhelming tides of emotion that fill my eyes.

Never getting dry, so I get high Smoke away the days, never sleep with the light on Weeks pass in the blink of an eye

And I'm still drunk at the end of the night

I don't drink like everybody else

I do it to forget things about myself Stumble and fall with the head spin I got

My mind's with you but my heart's just not

So am I close to you anymore, if it's over?

And there's no chance that we'll work it out

That's why you and I ended over U.N.I

And I said that's fine But you're the only one that knows I lied You and I ended over U.N.I

And I said that's fine But you're the only one that knows I lied

Everybody said we'd be together forever But I know that I never wanna settle down, Come around, break up the love like lego now Never wanna turn into another like you

Sleep with my thoughts, dance with my views

Everything's great, not everything's sure But you live in your halls and I live in a tour bus Now I'm in position to be another stalker

Like everything I say seems to always sound awkward Like our last kiss, it was perfect

But we were nervous, on the surface And I'm always saying everyday that it was worth it Pain is only relevent if it still hurts

I forget like an elephant, or we can use a sedative And go back to the day we fell in love just on first kiss

So am I close to you anymore, if it's over?

And there's no chance that we'll work it out

Oh you and I ended over U.N.I

And I said that's fine But you're the only one that knows I lied You and I ended over U.N.I

And I said that's fine But you're the only one that knows I lied

Because, if I was gonna go somewhere I'd be there by now

And maybe I can let myself down And I'm thinking I'm unaware

I keep my feet on the ground And keep looking around,

To make sure I'm not The only one to feel low

Because if you want I'll take you in my arms and keep you sheltered From all that I've done wrong

And I know you'll say That I'm the only one But I know God made another one of me

To love you better than I ever will

Cause you and I ended over U.N.I

And I said that's fine But you're the only one who knows that I lied You and I ended over U.N.I

And I said that's fine But you're the only one who knows that I lied

When your legs don't work like they used to before And I can't sweep you off of your feet

Will your mouth still remember the taste of my love Will your eyes still smile from your cheeks

I will love you until we reach the age of 70, and even at 23, my heart can still experience deep love I'm reflecting on the mysterious ways people fall in love, sometimes sparked by something as simple as a touch of a hand.

Oh me I fall in love with you every single day And I just wanna tell you I am

So honey now Take me into your loving arms Kiss me under the light of a thousand stars Place your head on my beating heart I'm thinking out loud

Maybe we found love right where we are

When my hair's all but gone and my memory fades And the crowds don't remember my name

When my hands don't play the strings the same way, mm

I know you will still love me the same

'Cause honey your soul can never grow old, it's evergreen Baby your smile's forever in my mind and memory

I'm thinking 'bout how people fall in love in mysterious ways Maybe it's all part of a plan

I'll just keep on making the same mistakes Hoping that you'll understand

But baby now Take me into your loving arms Kiss me under the light of a thousand stars Place your head on my beating heart

I'm thinking out loud That maybe we found love right where we are, oh

So baby now Take me into your loving arms Kiss me under the light of a thousand stars

Oh darling, place your head on my beating heart I'm thinking out loud

That maybe we found love right where we are

Oh baby, we found love right where we are (maybe) And we found love right where we are

Loving can hurt, loving can hurt sometimes But it's the only thing that I know

When it gets hard, you know it can get hard sometimes

It is the only thing makes us feel alive

We keep this love in a photograph

We made these memories for ourselves Where our eyes are never closing Hearts are never broken

And time's forever frozen, still

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