Study on the technical measures for the cultivation of ngoc linh ginseng (panax vietnamensis) in vitro seedling in nursery

VIENAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TOPIC: STUDY ON THE TECHNICAL MEASURES FOR THE CULTIVATION OF NGOC LINH GINSENG (PANAX VIETNAMENSIS) IN VITRO SEEDLING IN NURSERY Student : Vu Thi Huyen Trang Student code : 611646 Supervisor : Dr Thieu Thi Phong Thu Class : K61-KHCTT Assoc.Prof.Dr Le Hung Linh Department : Crop Science HA NOI -2021 ACKNOWLEDGE There is an undeniable fact that, beside the own effort, there are no successes that are not associated with support or assistance whether more or less, directly or indirectly by others This thesis would not have been possible if I did not have support of many individuals and organizations Therefore, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all of them First of all, I would like to express my thankful to the lecturer in Faculty of Agronomy of Vietnam National University of Agriculture with their knowledge and dedication to convey valuable knowledge to me during the time of studying at university Secondly, I am using this opportunity to express my deep and sincere gratitude to Dr Thieu Thi Phong Thu and Associate prof Dr Le Hung Linh who in site of being extraordinarily busy with her duties, took time out to hear, guide and keep me on the correct path It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under their guidance I am also grateful to Department of Molecular Biology - Institute of Agricultural Genetics, Experimental station in Van Giang - Hung Yen and technical support in the implementation I would not forget to express my special thanks to Dr Khuat Thi Mai Luong and all personnel of Institute Without Dr Khuat Thi Mai Luong and others superior knowledge and experience, this undergraduate thesis would not like in quality of outcomes, and thus their guidance and support have been essential However, due to limiting my professional knowledge and lacking in practical experience, the content of the topic can not avoid the deficiencies I look forward to receiving recomments from lecturers and all staffs at the university that make this report complete Thank you for your consideration Hanoi, March … 2021 i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGE i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii LIST OF TABLE iv LIST OF GRAPH v LIST OF FIGURE vi LIST OF FIGURE vi ABSTRACT vii PART 1: INTRODUCTION .1 1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives and requirements 1.2.1 Objectives 1.2.2 Requirements PART 2: LITERATURE RVIEW .3 2.1 Introduce about Ginseng 2.2 General introduction to ginseng species of the Panax genus in Vietnam 2.3 Introduce about Ngoc Linh ginseng 11 2.3.1 The original of Ngoc Linh ginseng 11 2.3.2 Botanical characteristics, growth and development of Ngoc Linh ginseng, external requirements of Ngoc Linh ginseng 13 2.3.3 Natural conditions in the distribution area of Ngoc Linh ginseng Climate condition 16 2.3.4 The value of Ngoc Linh ginseng 17 2.4 The state of Ngoc Linh ginseng research and development 18 2.4.1 Researches on propagation from seeds 19 2.4.2 Researches on in vitro clonal propagation 19 2.5 Researches optimize the growth and development process of Ngoc Linh ginseng 20 2.5.1 The condition of planting and caring for Ngoc Linh ginseng 20 2.5.2 Research on growing medium Ngoc Linh ginseng 21 ii PART CONTENT AND METHOD OF RESEARCH 25 3.1 Research materials 25 3.2 Place and time of the research 27 3.3 Research content 27 3.4 Experimental parameters 29 3.5 Data processing methods 29 PART RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 30 4.1 Research on standardization of in vitro seedlings Ngoc Linh ginseng 30 4.2 Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth of Ngoc Linh ginseng in vitro seedlings 34 4.2.1 Experiment in laboratory conditions at Van Giang Experimental Station 34 Figure 5: Ngoc Linh ginseng in vitro seedling used in the experiment 35 4.2.2 Experiment in net house conditions at the Experimental station in Sa Pa 37 4.2.3 Experiment in nursery conditions at Sa Pa experimental station 39 4.3 Effect of plant age on in vitro seedling adaptability in vitro in nursery 42 4.4 Effect of spraying time of AT Chibozin on the growth of in vitro seedlings in the nursery 46 4.5 Assessment of pests and diseases of Ngoc Linh ginseng in Sa Pa 49 PART CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 53 5.1 Conclutions 53 5.2 Suggestion 53 REFFERENCE 54 ACTIVE IMAGE 56 iii LIST OF TABLE Table 2.1: Species of ginseng were registered .3 Table 2.2: Panax species in the world Table 4.2: Effects of substrate on in vitro seedling adaptability in the net house conditions 38 Table 4.3: Table Effects of substrate on in vitro seedling adaptability in nursery conditions 40 Table 4.4: Effect of plant age on in vitro seedling adaptability in nursery 44 Table 4.5: Effect of spraying time of AT Chibozin on the growth of in vitro seedlings in the nursery 48 iv LIST OF GRAPH Graph 4.1: Describe the survival rate of Ngoc Linh ginseng in vitro seedling planting in three location 42 Graph 4.2: Effect of plant age on in vitro seedling adaptability in nursery 45 v LIST OF FIGURE Figure 2.1: The most commonly of ginseng Figure 2.2: Distribution of Ginseng species in the world .5 Figure 2.3: Ngoc Linh ginseng 15 Figure 3.1: Ngoc Linh ginseng in vitro seedling 25 Figure 3.2: Perlite rock and Vermiculite of Namix company 26 Figure 4.1: Ngoc Linh ginseng tubers have no morphogenetic differentiation 30 Figure 4.2: The ginseng tubers have not split clearly between buds and node 32 Figure 4.3: Ngoc Linh ginseng tuber is morphogenetic differentiation 32 Figure 4.4: Ngoc Linh ginseng tuber have morphogenetic differentiation clearly 33 Figure 4.1: Ngoc Linh ginseng in vitro seedling used in the experiment 35 Figure 4.6: Ngoc Linh ginseng in vitro seedlings in the net house 37 Figure 4.7: Ngoc Linh ginseng in vitro seedlings in Sapa 39 Figure 4.8: Ngoc Linh ginseng in vitro seedlings growth in Sapa 45 Figure 4.9: Experiment spraying AT Chibozin after 20 days planting 47 Figure 4.10: Photos of bare slugs harming Ngoc Linh ginseng seedling in Sa Pa 51 Figure 4.11: Image of diseases of Ngoc Linh ginseng seedlings in Sa Pa 52 vi ABSTRACT Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) is proven to have high medicinal value, and is classified as the most precious ginseng in the world Nowadays, Ngoc Linh ginseng have been overexploited so seed propagation must be faced many difficulties This study aimed to choose the suitable technique to raise the survival rate, the adaptability in the natural environment of Ngoc Linh in vitro seedling In this study, Ngoc Linh in vitro seedlings were used the initial materials to survey the effect of other substrates (humus, perlite rock, vermiculite mineral organic fertilizers and peat moss), the effect of age plant ( year old, 1.5 years old and years old) and the effect of time spray biological products (AT Chibozin) on the adaptive capacity of in vitro seedlings in the nursery The result showed that the mixture substrate with forest humus, vermiculite and perlite rock in the ratio of 2: 3: is suitable for a high survival rate of over 80% Seedlings have a high survival rate, strong plants and good growth and development The age of plants are appropriate to take the seedlings to the nursery which ensures good growth and development are plants from over 1.5 years old Research results on the effect of spraying time of AT Chibozin on the growth of seedlings in vitro in the nursery, the seedlings have the best growth and development when spraying 35 days after planting Throughout the survey in nursery, Ngoc Linh ginseng grown in Sapa has identified a number of pest such leaf worms, black cutworms, armyworm, grasshoppers, brown crickets, bare slugs and maggots in bulb and root; and some diseases as disease are caused by fungus: Rhizoctonia Solani , ring spot Alternaria alternata or rust Puccinia sp Based on this systematic review, this is the basis for Ngoc Linh ginseng plant can be acclimatized to the region with similar ecological conditions to widen the ginseng plant vii PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Ngoc Linh ginseng is an endemic species in Viet Nam and the world It has been known to the scientific name Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv Ngoc Linh ginseng has been identified as valuable medicinal plants, unique value to use as well as the value of genetic resources According to Phung Tuan Giang from Tho Xuan Duong Oriental Medicine Pharmacy in Hanoi, the stem and root of Ngoc Linh ginseng contain 52 saponin, which has many new compounds as majonoside-R2 (type saponin only found in P vietnamensis), ginsenoside-Rh5 (20-O-Me-G-Rh1), vina-ginsenosid R-25, etc (Korean ginseng (P ginseng) has about 25 types of saponins) Due to many good uses for human health, high economic value, Ngoc Linh ginseng has been exploited at risk of extinction, losing rare genetic resources In recent years, Ngoc Linh ginseng has been entered in the list of development and conservation priority species But, in fact, the production of propagating Ngoc Linh ginseng is still facing many difficulties as: (1) Did not take interest in the adequate value and potential of it The production is still fragmented, the indiscriminate exploitation of Ngoc Linh ginseng has occurred, resulting in the exhaustion of variety sources (2) While the demand for the Ngoc Linh ginseng variety in our country is huge, it does not have the stable supply of seedlings in both quantity and quality The production of seedlings following traditional methods with effective seed is not high The reason is that it takes time to develop into mature plants and flower seeding takes 4-5 years, the germination rate of seeds is low 50-60% This is the limiting factor which affected the successful development of Ngoc Linh ginseng production in Viet Nam To respond the pressing needs, the rapid multiplication method using embryonic cloning technique is already giving high efficiency This method allows for the shortest possible time, the large-scale rapid multiplication, high uniformity plants, disease-free and keep the genetic characteristics of the parents However, Ngoc Linh ginseng seedlings in vitro need to be trained to enhance the adaptability in the natural environment with the ability growth and development well Thus the theme: "Study on the technical measures for the cultivation of Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) in vitro seedling in nursery" is necessary and practical significance 1.2 Objectives and requirements 1.2.1 Objectives Studying the technical measures for cultivation of Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) in vitro seedling in nursery to choose the suitable technic to raise the survival rate, the adaptability in the natural environment of seedling 1.2.2 Requirements - Evaluate the morphological tubers of Ngoc Linh ginseng which effect the growth and development of Ngoc Linh ginseng in nuresery - Evaluating the effect of types of substrates and probiotics on the survival rate, the growth rate, and disease rates of Ngoc Linh ginseng seedlings in vitro at the nursery stage - Evaluating the effects of nutritional probiotics and disease probiotics on the survival rate, the growth and disease rates of Ngoc Linh ginseng seedlings in vitro at the nursery stage REFFERENCE Nguyễn Bá Hoạt (2004) Nghiên cứu hồn thiện quy trình sản xuất giống, kỹ thuật trồng quy hoạch phát triển trồng sâm Ngọc Linh Kon Tum (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) Kết báo cáo đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học Sở Khoa học Công nghệ tỉnh Kon Tum Nguyễn Tập (2005) Các loài thuộc chi Panax L Việt Nam Tạp chí dược liệu, tập 10, số 3, trang 71 – 76 Lê Thanh Sơn, Nguyễn Tập (2006) Những đặc điểm sinh thái sâm Ngọc Linh Tạp chí Dược liệu (Hà Nội) 11: 145-147 Phan Ke Long, Le Thanh Son, Phan Ke Loc, Vu DinhDuy, Pham Van The (2013) Lai Chau ginseng Panax vietnamensis var fuscidiscus K Komatsu, S Zhu & S.Q.Cai I Morphology, Ecology, Distribution and Conservation Status In Proc 2nd VAST-KAST Workshopon Biodiversity and BioActive Compounds: 65-73 Nguyen Thi Tinh et al ( 2018) Nghiên cứu nhân giống in vitro nhân sâm (Panax ginseng C.A Meyer) Viet Nam Journal of science and technology 188(12/1): 45 – 50 Đồn, T Đ (2014) Qui trình nhân giống đảng sâm phương pháp nuôi cấy mô Kon Tum, Việt Nam, Sở Khoa học Công nghệ Kon Tum Nguyễn Thượng Dong et al (2007) Sâm Việt Nam số họ Nhân sâm, Nhà xuất Khoa học Kỹ thuật Ha Noi Triệu NB et al (2013) Nuôi cấy in vitro sâm Ngọc Linh (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Huế 79(1) Võ Văn Chi (2012) Từ điển thuốc Việt Nam (Tập II (Bộ mới)) NXB Y học, 140 10 Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Hương et al (2019) A study on morphogenesis of roots of Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng in vitro and preliminary 54 determination of oleanolic acid in roots Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 14(1):49-54 11 Dương Tấn Nhựt (2014) Ứng dụng hệ thống chiếu sáng đơn sắc (LED) nghiên cứu nhân nhanh sâm Ngọc Linh (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) với số lượng lớn phục vụ nhu cầu nhân giống tỉnh Quảng Nam, Báo cáo tổng kết dự án sản xuất thử nghiệm cấp Viện Hàn lâm KH&CN Việt Nam 12 M H Douglas et al (2000) Effect of growing media on the production of ginseng (Panax ginseng) in Central Otago, New Zealand New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 28:3, 195-207 DOI: 10.1080/01140671.2000.9514139 13 Ritchie C Vaughan et al (2011) Growing American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in Forestlands 14 Nguyễn Thượng Dong et al (2007) Sâm Việt Nam số thuốc họ nhân sâm, NXB Khoa học Kỹ thuật,Hà Nội 15 Cong Du Phan et al (2019) The in vitro cultivation of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv in the natural and greenhouseconditions in Lam Dong province Viet Nam Journal of science and technology 16 M D Nguyen et al (1993) Saponins from Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv Collected in central Vietnam I Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 17 Phan Cong Du et al (2019) Nghiên cứu điều kiện nuôi trồng sâm Ngọc Linh ( Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) in vitro điều kiện nhà kính tự nhiên Lâm Đồng Viet Nam Journal of scienbce and technology 55 ACTIVE IMAGE 56 57 58 DATA ANALYSIS Effect of the substrate In lab conditions BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE TANGCAO ) FILE TN1LAB 5/ 1/** 9: PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in lab VARIATE V003 TANGCAO LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REP 316667E-03 158333E-03 1.97 0.220 CT$ 218567 728556E-01 904.44 0.000 * RESIDUAL 483321E-03 805535E-04 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 219367 199424E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SONG FILE TN1LAB 5/ 1/** 9: PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in lab VARIATE V004 SONG LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REP 116.667 58.3333 1.24 0.356 CT$ 866.667 288.889 6.12 0.030 * RESIDUAL 283.333 47.2222 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 1266.67 115.152 - 59 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN1LAB 5/ 1/** 9: PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in lab MEANS FOR EFFECT REP REP NOS 4 TANGCAO 0.362500 0.355000 0.367500 SONG 77.5000 72.5000 80.0000 SE(N= 4) 0.448758E-02 3.43592 5%LSD 6DF 0.155233E-01 11.8854 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ NOS 3 3 TANGCAO 0.220000 0.336667 0.583333 0.306667 SONG 63.3333 76.6667 86.6667 80.0000 SE(N= 3) 0.518181E-02 3.96746 5%LSD 6DF 0.179247E-01 13.7241 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN1LAB 5/ 1/** 9: PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION – Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in lab VARIATE TANGCAO SONG GRAND MEAN (N= 12) NO OBS 12 0.36167 12 76.667 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REP SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.14122 0.89752E-02 2.5 0.2202 10.731 6.8718 9.0 0.3564 |CT$ | | | 0.0000 0.0302 | | | | 60 In nursery conditions BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE TANGCAO FILE vuon uom 5/ 1/** 9: PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in nursery VARIATE V003 TANGCAO LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REP 716667E-03 358333E-03 0.91 0.452 CT$ 253825 846083E-01 216.02 0.000 * RESIDUAL 234999E-02 391665E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 256892 233538E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SONG FILE vườn ươm 5/ 1/** 9: PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in nursery VARIATE V004 SONG LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REP 116.667 58.3333 1.24 0.356 CT$ 491.667 163.889 3.47 0.091 * RESIDUAL 283.333 47.2222 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 891.667 81.0606 - 61 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE vườn ươm 5/ 1/** 9: PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in nursey MEANS FOR EFFECT REP REP NOS 4 TANGCAO 0.260000 0.245000 0.262500 SONG 75.0000 70.0000 77.5000 SE(N= 4) 0.989527E-02 3.43592 5%LSD 6DF 0.342293E-01 11.8854 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ NOS 3 3 TANGCAO 0.120000 0.220000 0.500000 0.183333 SONG 66.6667 76.6667 83.3333 70.0000 SE(N= 3) 0.114261E-01 3.96746 5%LSD 6DF 0.395246E-01 12.5241 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE vườn ươm 5/ 1/** 9: PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in nursery F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE TANGCAO SONG GRAND MEAN (N= 12) NO OBS 12 0.25583 12 74.167 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REP SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.15282 0.19791E-01 7.7 0.4521 9.0034 6.8718 9.3 0.3564 |CT$ | | | 0.0000 0.0910 | | | | 62 In net house conditions BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE TANGCAO FILE NHALUOI 5/ 1/** 9:11 PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in net house VARIATE V003 TANGCAO LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REP 116666E-03 583331E-04 0.40 0.692 CT$ 484167 161389 ****** 0.000 * RESIDUAL 883323E-03 147220E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 485167 441061E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SONG FILE NHALUOI 5/ 1/** 9:11 PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in net house VARIATE V004 SONG LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REP 116.667 58.3333 1.24 0.356 CT$ 491.667 163.889 3.47 0.091 * RESIDUAL 283.333 47.2222 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 891.667 81.0606 - 63 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE NHALUOI 5/ 1/** 9:11 PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in net house MEANS FOR EFFECT REP REP NOS 4 TANGCAO 0.347500 0.355000 0.352500 SONG 75.0000 70.0000 77.5000 SE(N= 4) 0.606672E-02 3.43592 5%LSD 6DF 0.209858E-01 11.8854 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ NOS 3 3 TANGCAO 0.166667 0.253333 0.690000 0.296667 SONG 66.6667 76.6667 83.3333 70.0000 SE(N= 3) 0.700525E-02 3.96746 5%LSD 6DF 0.242323E-01 12.8041 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE NHALUOI 5/ 1/** 9:11 PAGE Effect of the substrate on the viability and growth in net house F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REP (N= 12) SD/MEAN | NO BASED ON BASED ON % | OBS TOTAL SS RESID SS | TANGCAO 12 0.35167 0.21001 0.12133E-01 3.5 0.6921 SONG 12 74.167 9.0034 6.8718 9.3 0.3564 |CT$ | | | 0.0000 0.0910 | | | | 64 Experiment spraying AT Chibozin BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 30NGAY FILE TN3 5/ 1/** 9:30 PAGE Effect of spraying time of AT Chibozin on the growth VARIATE V003 30NGAY LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REP 266666E-03 133333E-03 0.29 0.767 VAR 203467 101733 218.00 0.000 * RESIDUAL 186668E-02 466670E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 205600 257000E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 60NGAY FILE TN3 5/ 1/** 9:30 PAGE Effect of spraying time of AT Chibozin on the growth VARIATE V004 60NGAY LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REP 288888E-03 144444E-03 0.81 0.508 VAR 314956 157478 885.77 0.000 * RESIDUAL 711144E-03 177786E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 315956 394945E-01 - 65 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN3 5/ 1/** 9:30 PAGE Effect of spraying time of AT Chibozin on the growth MEANS FOR EFFECT REP REP NOS 3 30NGAY 0.446667 0.433333 0.440000 60NGAY 0.960000 0.963333 0.950000 SE(N= 3) 0.124722E-01 0.769818E-02 5%LSD 4DF 0.488885E-01 0.301752E-01 MEANS FOR EFFECT VAR VAR NOS 3 30NGAY 0.233333 0.500000 0.586667 60NGAY 0.693333 1.09667 1.08333 SE(N= 3) 0.124722E-01 0.769818E-02 5%LSD 4DF 0.488885E-01 0.301752E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN3 5/ 1/** 9:30 PAGE Effect of spraying time of AT Chibozin on the growth F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE 30NGAY 60NGAY GRAND MEAN (N= 9) NO OBS 0.44000 0.95778 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REP SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.16031 0.21603E-01 4.9 0.7666 0.19873 0.13334E-01 1.4 0.5076 |VAR | | | 0.0005 0.0002 | | | | 66 Experiment ages plants BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CAO FILE TN2NN 5/ 1/** 9:41 PAGE Effect of the ages plant on the viability and growth Ngoc Linh ginseng VARIATE V003 CAO LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REP 466666E-03 233333E-03 0.70 0.551 VAR 134600 673000E-01 201.90 0.001 * RESIDUAL 133335E-02 333337E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 136400 170500E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SONG FILE TN2NN 5/ 1/** 9:41 PAGE Effect of the ages plant on the viability and growth Ngoc Linh ginseng VARIATE V004 SONG LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REP 22.2222 11.1111 0.25 0.791 VAR 1755.56 877.778 19.75 0.010 * RESIDUAL 177.778 44.4445 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 1955.56 244.444 - 67 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN2NN 5/ 1/** 9:41 PAGE Effect of the ages plant on the viability and growth Ngoc Linh ginseng MEANS FOR EFFECT REP REP NOS CAO 3 SONG 0.443333 0.460000 0.456667 76.6667 76.6667 80.0000 SE(N= 3) 0.105410E-01 3.84900 5%LSD 4DF 0.413184E-01 15.0873 MEANS FOR EFFECT VAR VAR NOS 3 CAO 0.286667 0.496667 0.576667 SONG 63.3333 73.3333 96.6667 SE(N= 3) 0.105410E-01 3.84900 5%LSD 4DF 0.413184E-01 15.0873 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN2NN 5/ 1/** 9:41 PAGE Effect of the ages plant on the viability and growth Ngoc Linh ginseng F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE CAO SONG GRAND MEAN (N= 9) NO OBS 0.45333 77.778 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REP SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.13058 0.18258E-01 4.0 0.5509 15.635 6.6667 8.6 0.7907 |VAR | | | 0.0005 0.0103 | | | | 68