Aerosol samplers comparison IOM dual sampler (inhalable & respirable) vs conventional methods for assessing welders exposure to manganese The University of Toledo The University of Toledo Digital Repo[.]
The University of Toledo The University of Toledo Digital Repository Theses and Dissertations 2013 Aerosol samplers comparison :IOM dual sampler (inhalable & respirable) vs conventional methods for assessing welders exposure to manganese Melissa A Shomody The University of Toledo Follow this and additional works at: http://utdr.utoledo.edu/theses-dissertations Recommended Citation Shomody, Melissa A., "Aerosol samplers comparison :IOM dual sampler (inhalable & respirable) vs conventional methods for assessing welders exposure to manganese" (2013) Theses and Dissertations Paper 207 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by The University of Toledo Digital Repository It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The University of Toledo Digital Repository For more information, please see the repository's About page A Thesis entitled Aerosol Samplers Comparison: IOM Dual Sampler (Inhalable & Respirable) vs Conventional Methods for Assessing Welders Exposure to Manganese By Melissa A Shomody Submitted to the Graduate Facility as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Occupational Health Farhang Akbar, PhD, CIH, Committee Chair Sheryl Milz, PhD, CIH, Committee Member April Ames, MSOH, CIH, Committee Member Dr Patricia R Komuniecki, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo June 2013 Copyright 2013, Melissa A Shomody This document is copyrighted material Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author An Abstract of Aerosol Samplers Comparison: IOM Dual Sampler (Inhalable & Respirable) vs Conventional Methods for Assessing Welders Exposure to Manganese By Melissa A Shomody Submitted to the Graduate Facility as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Occupational Health The University of Toledo June 2013 Occupational exposure to airborne manganese (Mn) is currently determined using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) analytical methods for particulate not otherwise regulated The Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) dual fraction sampler is capable of providing both inhalable and respirable portions of airborne particles by using only one sampling device For this study, the IOM dual fraction sampler was compared with OSHA method ID-125G for determining occupational exposure to airborne Mn contaminant during Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), which was performed in a barge at a marine facility An aluminum cyclone was used with a 25-mm Mixed Cellulose Ester (MCE) filter to sample respirable Mn contaminants A 25-mm MCE filter was also used to sample total Mn contaminants All monitoring was performed by area sampling The aluminum cyclone readings, except one, were consistently higher than those of the IOM dual sampler (respirable) readings; statistically speaking, the aluminum cyclone showed significantly (p < 0.01) more exposure than did the IOM dual sampler (respirable) Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that the IOM dual sampler is iii not recommended as an alternative to the aluminum cyclone for the sampling of respirable Mn contaminants However, the readings of conventional total particle sampler were not significantly different from those of the IOM dual sampler (inhalable) Inhalable and total are compared in this study and the results support the conversion factor of 1.0, which is for welding fume Therefore, the IOM dual sampler can be used as an alternative method to conventional total particle sampler iv Acknowledgments This thesis would not have been possible without the support from colleagues and friends I have gratefully received a full scholarship from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Healthy (NIOSH) [NIOSH Training Project Grant (TPG); Industrial Hygiene – University of Toledo; 5T01 H008605-07/08; PI: Dr Farhang Akbar] throughout my Master of Science Degree in Occupational Health I would like to especially thank Dr Farhang Akbar, my Major Advisor, for his great help during my MSOH-IH education and this thesis I would also like to thank Dr Sheryl Milz and Professor April Ames, other members of my thesis Advisory Committee Additionally, I would like to thank Marathon Petroleum Company for funding this thesis Also I would like to thank Aaron Robinson, Scott Perdue, and Duane DeBoo, for providing the necessary opportunity and resources Wendy Lesniak from Bureau Veritas North America, Inc was very resourceful while selecting the media and choosing analyzing technique v Contents Abstract .iii-iv Acknowledgements v Contents .vi-vii List of Tables viii List of Figures ix List of Abbreviations x Introduction 1-3 1.1 Overview 1-2 1.2 Purpose 2-3 1.3 Hypotheses 1.4 Approach Background 4-7 2.1 Weld Fume Particle Size 4-5 2.2 Health Effects of Manganese 2.3 Literature Review 6-7 Methodology 8-13 3.1 Samplers 8-11 3.3 Sampling Procedure 11-13 vi Results 14-18 Discussion 19-20 Conclusion 21-22 References 23-24 A Sampling Results 25-27 vii List of Tables 1.1 Current Airborne Manganese Exposure Limits .1 3.1 Information on Sampling Procedures for Manganese Fume during Welding .12 4.1 Summary Results for the Comparison of Samplers during Measurement of Manganese Fume 14 4.2 Pearson Correlation between IOM (Respirable) versus Cyclone and between IOM (Inhalable) versus Total 15 4.3 Summary of Paired Samples t-Test for Respirable Size Particulates and for Inhalable/Total Size Particulates 17 4.4 Regression Analysis for IOM (Respirable) versus Cyclone and IOM (Inhalable) versus Total 17 A.1 Sampling Results for Respirable Particles using the IOM Dual Sampler and Cyclone Sampler 26 A.2 Sampling Results for Inhalable/Total Particles using the IOM Dual Sampler and Total Particle Sampler 27 viii List of Figures 2-1 Shielded Metal Arc Welding 3-1 Diagram of Plastic IOM Dual Sampler 3-2 IOM Dual Sampler Calibration Adaptor 3-3 Mixed Cellulous Ester Piece Filter Cassette .10 3-4 Aluminum Cyclone 10 3-5 Aluminum Cyclone Calibration Adaptor .11 3-6 Photograph of Cyclone, Total, and IOM Dual Sampler Arranged for Sampling 12 4-1 Boxplot for the Comparison of IOM (Respirable) and Cyclone during Monitoring Airborne Manganese Contaminants 15 4-2 Boxplot for the Comparison of IOM (Inhalable) and Total during Monitoring Airborne Manganese Contaminants .16 4-3 Linear Regression of respirable Fume Levels Measured by IOM Respirable and Cyclone 18 4-4 Linear Regression of respirable Fume Levels Measured by IOM Inhalable and Conventional Total .18 ix Sampled filters and the required field blanks were sent to Bureau Veritas North America, Inc (45525 Grand River Avenue Suite 200 Novi MI 48374) for laboratory analysis using OSHA ID-125G method OSHA-ID 125G is specified for sampling metal and metalloid particles in workplace atmospheres and uses Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICAP-AES) for metal analysis (OSHA, 2002) OSHA ID-125G method is not specific for sampling by the IOM; therefore, but it was modified by the laboratory to suit this analysis According to the method description, the limit of detection (LOD) for the sampling/analysis of manganese is 1.0µg (OSHA, 2002) 13 Chapter Results The summary results for the comparison of samplers, used for the measurement of manganese (Mn) fume, are shown in Table 4.1 The comparisons included the IOM (respirable) versus cyclone (N = 20) and the IOM (inhalable) versus total (N =18) The correlation coefficient value is 0.971 between the IOM dual sampler (respirable) and the cyclone The correlation coefficient value is 0.960 between the IOM dual sampler (inhalable) and the total as shown in Table 4.2 All blanks were below the LOD (